CÔTES, géomorphologie et géographie : Les types de côtes

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<div class="user-welcome"></div> <div class="login-form-wrapper-mobile"> <div class="login-form"> <div class="btn btn-sm btn-primary keep-label-space-top"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-user"></i> Mon Compte </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-lg-none text-center mb-3"> <a href="/abonnement" title="Je m'abonne" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Top (mobile)"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/6/csm_banner-cta_534716667b.webp" width="728" height="90" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" class="img-max shadow-sm"/> </a> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="main-content" class="col-lg-8 col-xl-9 pb-4"> <div class="free-toc-container"> <ul id="free-toc" class="collapse list-group shadow-sm mb-1" style="overflow: hidden"> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="CÔTES, géomorphologie et géographie, La notion de côte" href="/encyclopedie/cotes-geomorphologie/"> 1. La notion de côte </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item active"> <a class="d-block" title="CÔTES, géomorphologie et géographie, Les types de côtes" href="/encyclopedie/cotes-geomorphologie/2-les-types-de-cotes/"> 2. Les types de côtes </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="CÔTES, géomorphologie et géographie, Bibliographie" href="/encyclopedie/cotes-geomorphologie/3-bibliographie/"> 3. Bibliographie </a> </li> </ul> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-universalis" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#free-toc" aria-expanded="false" title="Afficher / masquer le sommaire"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-eye"></i> Sommaire </button> </div> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>CÔTES, </strong><em>géomorphologie et géographie</em> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><p class="text-sm text-muted mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content paged type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yE951821_2"><i class="anchor" id="yE951821_2"></i><h2>Les types de côtes</h2><p>Quelle que soit l'origine des côtes, quelle que soit la part que la mer a prise dans leur façonnement, l'ennoiement en est la caractéristique générale ; mais sur certaines côtes dominent les formes de simple submersion, sur d'autres la mer a pu développer des formes construites ou érodées.</p><p>La date relativement récente de la submersion flandrienne fait que la plupart des côtes portent nettement les traces du système morphogénétique non marin par lequel le paysage initial avait été façonné. Même là où le modelé actuel peut apparaître comme entièrement marin, c'est simplement parce que le modelé ancien le permettait à cause de sa faible énergie.</p><p>Il est donc préférable d'établir la classification des côtes à partir du paysage initial, et, selon l'énergie avec laquelle la mer a pu transformer celui-ci, on distinguera, dans chaque catégorie, des modalités graduées. Mais il faut, du point de vue de leur influence sur les côtes, introduire une distinction fondamentale entre les divers styles morphogénétiques subaériens responsables du modelé antérieur : d'une part ceux où le rôle essentiel est joué par les conditions de structure (au sens strict, c'est-à-dire de répartition des masses résistantes et des masses tendres), et d'autre part ceux où le modelé reflète surtout l'action du climat, ou celle de la lithologie. Dans le premier cas, les contraintes structurales joueront aussi bien pour l'action de la mer que pour l'action subaérienne qui a précédé, et il y aura donc une large continuité entre les deux modelés. Dans le second cas, un facteur exogène de la morphogenèse succède à un autre facteur exogène totalement différent ; il n'y a que peu de termes communs entre les deux modes d'action, et du contraste vigoureux entre ces deux types d'action naîtra la gamme très variée des paysages possibles, selon que l'ancien ou le nouveau système domine.</p><div class="block_2" data-ucode="yE951821_2_0"><i class="anchor" id="yE951821_2_0"></i><h3>Côtes sans contraintes structurales</h3><p>Les paysages dont le modelé initial reflétait essentiellement les conditions non structurales sont surtout ceux qui se développent par la submersion de régions façonnées par un système morphoclimatique tel que le modelé glaciaire, le modelé tempéré, le modelé désertique ; ou bien ces modelés se développent librement, aux dépens de roches sans personnalité marquée, ou bien les caractères particuliers des roches attaquées (calcaires ou grès, par exemple) marquent le façonnement de nuances si sensibles qu'elles ont autorisé bien des auteurs à parler de modelé calcaire ou de modelé gréseux.</p><div class="block_3" data-ucode="yE951821_2_0_0"><i class="anchor" id="yE951821_2_0_0"></i><h4>Ennoiement de paysages à modelé zonal</h4><p>Le grand contraste entre l'action climatique ancienne et l'action marine actuelle rend particulièrement évident le phénomène d'ennoiement. Ce sont là les côtes « initiales » les plus typiques.</p><p>La mer peut envahir des paysages glaciaires et périglaciaires.</p><p>C'est ainsi que les <em>côtes à </em><em>fjords</em> sont considérées comme les plus évidemment « initiales » ou « primaires », celles qui ont le mieux conservé leur morphologie prémarine. Elles sont particulièrement nettes dans les bordures montagneuses, car les auges glaciaires y ont été plus profondément burinées. Leur étroitesse, leurs sinuosités, la faible profondeur de l'entrée liée à des dépôts morainiques frontaux ont empêché les actions marines du large d'y pénétrer, aussi bien que des houles internes de s'y développer. La morphogenèse actuelle est généralement limitée à la constitution de petits <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Les deltas, dont la morphologie et la structure deviennent de mieux en mieux connues grâce aux images fournies par les satellites d'observation de la Terre et aux forages pétroliers, ne se limitent pas aux constructions sédimentaires littorales classiques. Il existe en effet d'autres types de deltas, liés à des constructions sédimentaires sous-marines profondes, beaucoup plus étendus ..." title="Article : DELTAS" href="/encyclopedie/deltas/">deltas</a> au débouché des cours d'eau qui se jettent dans le fjord.</p><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="row"><div class="col-12 col-md-6 text-center p-1"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="V060668A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Côte à fjords" href="/media/cote-a-fjords-v060668a/"><img id="V060668A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/6/csm_v060668a_14794c7f44.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Côte à fjords - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Quelques fjords de Novège" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1164" height="2000" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Côte à fjords </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p></figcaption></figure></div><div class="col-12 col-md-6 text-center p-1"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="PH996893" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Côte à fjords, Norvège" href="/media/cote-a-fjords-norvege-ph996893/"><img id="PH996893" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/c/csm_ph996893_537a1dfa8d.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Côte à fjords, Norvège - crédits : Giovanni Mereghetti/ UCG/ Universal Images Group/ Getty Images" data-description="Les côtes à fjords (ici le fjord de Geiranger en Norvège) présentent des échancrures littorales très profondes et souvent ramifiées en roches résistantes, dues à l'ennoyage d'une auge à la suite d'une déglaciation. En dépit du relèvement isostasique parfois important du continent (côte occidentale…" data-copyright="Giovanni Mereghetti/ UCG/ Universal Images Group/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="683" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Côte à fjords, Norvège </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Giovanni Mereghetti/ UCG/ Universal Images Group/ Getty Images </p></figcaption></figure></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="media-container float-md-start me-2 col-md-3 text-center"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="V060668B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Bréhat" href="/media/brehat-v060668b/"><img id="V060668B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/7/2/csm_v060668b_e368028f04.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Bréhat - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Côte contraposée, née de l'ablation des lœss, à Bréhat (d'après François Saur). Les chicots granitiques avaient été mis en valeur par l'érosion marine, lors d'un haut niveau marin quaternaire déjà ancien, par l'ablation des arènes qui les emballaient. Ils ont été ensuite enfouis sous les lœss, et…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="909" height="2000" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bréhat </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p></figcaption></figure></div><p>Mais la côte à fjords n'est qu'un cas de côte glaciaire : dans l'avant-pays, par exemple au sein des collines moutonnées par le passage de la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="L'homme a connu et baptisé la forme solide de l' eau depuis les temps les plus reculés, ce qui nous vaut des noms très différents selon les langues : glace, ghiaccio, hielo... dans les langues latines ; is, Eis, ice... dans les langues germaniques ; led, lod... dans les langues slaves. Si cette découverte avait été le fait des naturalistes, nous n'utiliserions que deux mots universe..." title="Article : GLACE" href="/encyclopedie/glace/">glace</a>, le paysage glaciaire était caractérisé par l'accumulation, entre les reliefs, de dépôts morainiques<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div></div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" 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align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : CÔTES, géomorphologie et géographie" href="/carte-mentale/cotes-geomorphologie/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yE951821_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Sciences de la Terre" href="/classification/sciences-de-la-terre/"> Sciences de la Terre </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Océanographie" href="/classification/sciences-de-la-terre/oceanographie/"> Océanographie </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a 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class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Dunes et étangs de la côte landaise" href="/media/dunes-et-etangs-de-la-cote-landaise-v060667/"> <img id="V060667" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/3/csm_v060667_732a0ea5e5.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Dunes et étangs de la côte landaise - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Les dunes et les étangs de la côte des Landes, entre Arcachon et Mimizan" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="814" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Dunes et étangs de la côte landaise </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V060668A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Côte à fjords" href="/media/cote-a-fjords-v060668a/"> <img id="V060668A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/6/csm_v060668a_14794c7f44.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Côte à fjords - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Quelques fjords de Novège" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1164" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Côte à fjords </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH996893" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Côte à fjords, Norvège" href="/media/cote-a-fjords-norvege-ph996893/"> <img id="PH996893" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/c/csm_ph996893_537a1dfa8d.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Côte à fjords, Norvège - crédits : Giovanni Mereghetti/ UCG/ Universal Images Group/ Getty Images" data-description="Les côtes à fjords (ici le fjord de Geiranger en Norvège) présentent des échancrures littorales très profondes et souvent ramifiées en roches résistantes, dues à l'ennoyage d'une auge à la suite d'une déglaciation. En dépit du relèvement isostasique parfois important du continent (côte occidentale…" data-copyright="Giovanni Mereghetti/ UCG/ Universal Images Group/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="683" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Côte à fjords, Norvège </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Giovanni Mereghetti/ UCG/ Universal Images Group/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="text-center"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" rel="related" href="/medias/cotes-geomorphologie/"> Afficher les 13 médias de l'article <span class="rg">CÔTES, </span><em class="it">géomorphologie et géographie</em> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yE951821_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/accumulations-geologie-accumulations-marines/#c23345"> <span class="rg">ACCUMULATIONS </span><span class="rm">(géologie) - Accumulations marines</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Pierre PINOT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">7 917 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">26 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : ACCUMULATIONS (g&eacute;ologie) - Accumulations marines" href="/encyclopedie/accumulations-geologie-accumulations-marines/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Plage de sable avec galets - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/5/csm_v010126a_4a803ce804.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> Pour l'essentiel,les mouvements des sédiments littoraux sont réglés par le rapport qui existe, du point de vue de la compétence et de celui de la direction, entre le <em>jet de rive</em>, ou translation de l'eau vers le haut de la plage au moment de l'arrivée de la vague, et le <em>retrait...</em> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/afrique-structure-et-milieu-geographie-generale/#c23345"> <span class="rg">AFRIQUE </span><span class="rm">(Structure et milieu) - Géographie générale</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Roland POURTIER</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">24 463 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">27 médias </li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> Àla massivité du continent correspond une côte rectiligne, peu hospitalière en raison de la fréquence d'une barre qui en rend l'accès périlleux. La plate-forme continentale est étroite (quelques dizaines de kilomètres) ; la proximité des grandes profondeurs n'est pas sans incidences sur les ressources... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/amerique-structure-et-milieu-geologie/#c23345"> <span class="rg">AMÉRIQUE </span><span class="rm">(Structure et milieu) - Géologie</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean AUBOUIN</span> , <span rel="author">René BLANCHET</span> , <span rel="author">Jacques BOURGOIS</span> , <span rel="author">Jean-Louis MANSY</span> , <span rel="author">Bernard MERCIER DE LÉPINAY</span> , <span rel="author">Jean-François STEPHAN</span> , <span rel="author">Marc TARDY</span> et <span rel="author">Jean-Claude VICENTE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">24 173 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">23 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : AM&Eacute;RIQUE (Structure et milieu) - G&eacute;ologie" href="/encyclopedie/amerique-structure-et-milieu-geologie/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Amériques : schéma structural simplifié - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/4/csm_v020096_621bf7a2bf.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> Les <em>plaines côtières de l'Atlantique et du golfe du Mexique</em> se suivent du New Jersey au Yucatán. Leur genèse est étroitement liée à l'évolution de l'Atlantique et aux transgressions et régressions marines qui se sont succédé depuis le Jurassique. </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/amerique-structure-et-milieu-geographie/#c23345"> <span class="rg">AMÉRIQUE </span><span class="rm">(Structure et milieu) - Géographie</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jacqueline BEAUJEU-GARNIER</span> , <span rel="author">Danièle LAVALLÉE</span> et <span rel="author">Catherine LEFORT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">18 110 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">9 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : AM&Eacute;RIQUE (Structure et milieu) - G&eacute;ographie" href="/encyclopedie/amerique-structure-et-milieu-geographie/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Amérique - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/8/csm_ca050102_7d841bf75b.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...nord au sud, des côtes du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le Venezuela, devenu République bolivarienne du Venezuela avec la Constitution de 1999, en référence à Bolivar, héros national, est bordé par la mer des Caraïbes et par l'océan Atlantique. Il a des frontières, à l'est, avec le Guyana , au sud, avec le Brésil et, à l'ouest et au sud-ouest, avec la Colombie . Sa superficie est de 912 050 kilomètres carrés pour une population d'e..." title="Article : VENEZUELA" href="/encyclopedie/venezuela/">Venezuela</a> et de la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La Colombie porte le nom du découvreur des Amériques. Inscrite dans les limites territoriales de l'Audience coloniale de Nouvelle-Grenade, elle a repris le nom de la Grande-Colombie de Simon Bolivar, qui comprenait aussi le Venezuela , le Panamá et l' Équateur (1821-1830). Elle s'est successivement appelée État puis République de Nouvelle-Grenade (1830-1858), Confédération Néogre..." title="Article : COLOMBIE" href="/encyclopedie/colombie/">Colombie</a> à la pointe de la Terre de Feu. 6 000 kilomètres d'est en ouest, de Recife à Guayaquil. Mais les côtes ont peu d'ouvertures : à l'est, les bouches de l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Un peu plus long que le Nil , avec les 7 025 km de son cours, l'Amazone se place au premier rang, parmi les fleuves du monde, pour l'étendue de la superficie drainée : environ 6 millions de kilomètres carrés qui se répartissent sur six États d'Amérique latine. Sa supério rité est encore plus manifeste en ce qui concerne l'abondance de l'alimentation : le débit moyen à l'e..." title="Article : AMAZONE, fleuve" href="/encyclopedie/amazone-fleuve/">Amazone</a>, l'estuaire de la Plata, la baie de Tous-les-Saints à Bahia... </div> </li> <li class="list-unstyled text-center mt-3"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" title="Afficher la liste complète des références" rel="related" href="/index/cotes-geomorphologie/"> Afficher les 37 références <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none article-indexes learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yE951821_INDEXES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Voir aussi</p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet"> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : SEBKHA" href="/index/sebkha/"> <span class="rg">SEBKHA</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : DUNES" href="/index/dunes/"> <span class="rg">DUNES</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : LAGUNE" href="/index/lagune/"> <span class="rg">LAGUNE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ACCUMULATIONS MARINES" href="/index/accumulations-marines/"> <span class="rg">ACCUMULATIONS MARINES</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ÉROSION & SÉDIMENTATION LITTORALES" href="/index/erosion-et-sedimentation-littorales/"> <span class="rg">ÉROSION & SÉDIMENTATION LITTORALES</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : RIA" href="/index/ria/"> <span class="rg">RIA</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : FJORD" href="/index/fjord/"> <span class="rg">FJORD</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ÎLES-BARRIÈRES" href="/index/iles-barrieres/"> <span class="rg">ÎLES-BARRIÈRES</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : FAILLES" href="/index/failles/"> <span class="rg">FAILLES</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : VASE, sédimentologie" href="/index/vase-sedimentologie/"> <span class="rg">VASE, </span><em class="it">sédimentologie</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : RIVAGE" href="/index/rivage/"> <span class="rg">RIVAGE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : CALANQUE" href="/index/calanque/"> <span class="rg">CALANQUE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : CORDON LITTORAL" href="/index/cordon-littoral/"> <span class="rg">CORDON LITTORAL</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : APPALACHIEN RELIEF" href="/index/relief-appalachien/"> <span class="rg">APPALACHIEN </span><span class="pc">RELIEF</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : VOLCANS" href="/index/volcans/"> <span class="rg">VOLCANS</span> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 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CÔTES, géomorphologie et géographie : Les types de côtes - Encyclopædia Universalis