ÉROSION & SÉDIMENTATION LITTORALES - Index

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La recherche des m\u00e9taux natifs d'abord, des minerais ensuite, remonte donc fort loin. Plus pr\u00e8s de nous, les Grecs et les Romains se r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e8rent des exploitants habiles, et de nombreuses mines renferment des vestiges de ces \u00e9poques.. Jusque vers 1930, seuls les corps min\u00e9ralis\u00e9s \u00e0 forte teneur \u00e9taient exploitables\u00a0; c'est pourquoi les filons , riches en minerai massif, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les premiers \u00e9tudi\u00e9s. Dans le Harz comme en Cornouailles, berceaux de ces exploitations anciennes, les filons paraissent en relation avec des massifs de granite intrusifs. 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Se retrouvera-t-il entour\u00e9 de terre comme Aigues-Mortes (Gard) ou des travaux ad\u00e9quats lui permettront-ils de redevenir l'\u00eele qu'il fut pendant des mill\u00e9naires\u00a0?...","url":"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/encyclopedie\/baie-du-mont-saint-michel\/","wordCount":"3271","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/_web\/static\/icons\/favicon.png"},"isPartOf":{"@type":"WebPage","url":"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/encyclopedie\/baie-du-mont-saint-michel\/","name":"BAIE DU MONT-SAINT-MICHEL"},"author":[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Jean Claude LEFEUVRE","familyName":"LEFEUVRE","givenName":"Jean Claude","description":"Professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite au Mus\u00e9um national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.","url":"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/auteurs\/jean-claude-lefeuvre\/"}],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Encyclop\u00e6dia Universalis","alternateName":"Universalis","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/_web\/assets\/img\/banniere-fr.png"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EncyclopedieUniversalis\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/encyclopaedia-universalis","https:\/\/www.twitter.com\/universalisfr","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC0srTZiJaRaDw3fAvtCo4Ow"],"slogan":"Passeur de savoir"}}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":10,"item":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"PLAGES","headline":"PLAGES","description":"\u00c0 la fronti\u00e8re des terres et des mers, les plages repr\u00e9sentent un milieu original, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois par l'instabilit\u00e9 de son \u00e9quilibre et par l'attrait qu'il exerce sur l'homme d'aujourd'hui.. Une plage est le versant externe d'une accumulation littorale de s\u00e9diments libres (cf. accumulations (g\u00e9ologie)\u00a0-\u00a0Accumulations marines\u00a0; on pourra \u00e9galement se reporter, pour l'aspect \u00e9cologique, aux articles littoral maritime , milieu tellurique ). 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<div class="user-welcome"></div> <div class="login-form-wrapper-mobile"> <div class="login-form"> <div class="btn btn-sm btn-primary keep-label-space-top"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-user"></i> Mon Compte </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-lg-none text-center mb-3"> <a href="/abonnement" title="Je m'abonne" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Top (mobile)"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/6/csm_banner-cta_534716667b.webp" width="728" height="90" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" class="img-max shadow-sm"/> </a> </div> <div class="row"> <div id="main-content" class="col-lg-8 col-xl-9 pb-4"> <h1>ÉROSION & SÉDIMENTATION LITTORALES</h1> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-justified d-print-none d-block my-3 my-md-5 d-md-flex"> <li class="nav-item mx-1 my-1"> <a class="nav-link active" aria-current="page" href="#index-main"> 10 articles </a> </li> <li class="nav-item mx-1 my-1"> <a class="nav-link bg-light" aria-current="page" href="#index-medias">41 médias</a> </li> </ul> <section class="mb-5 "> <h2 class="minor"> Articles </h2> <ul class="list-group"> </ul> <ul class="list-group"> </ul> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/accumulations-geologie-accumulations-marines/#c24115"> <span class="rg">ACCUMULATIONS </span><span class="rm">(géologie) - Accumulations marines</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Pierre PINOT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">7 917 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">26 médias </li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> Pour l'essentiel, les mouvements des sédiments littoraux sont réglés par le rapport qui existe, du point de vue de la compétence et de celui de la direction, entre le <em>jet de rive</em>, ou translation de l'eau vers le haut de la plage au moment de l'arrivée de la vague, et le <em>retrait...</em> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/barre-oceanographie/"> <span class="rg">BARRE, </span><em class="it">océanographie</em> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Pierre PINOT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 389 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Le terme « barre » désigne des accumulations prélittorales qui relèvent de deux classes distinctes dans leurs formes et dans leurs genèses : d'une part les barres d'avant-côte, constituées parallèlement à un rivage ; d'autre part les barres d'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Reliant à la mer rivières et fleuves , les estuaires représentent la forme la plus classique de transition entre le domaine continental et le domaine marin. L'origine latine de ce terme est très significative : aestus (la marée) est le substantif du verbe aesto (je bouillonne), ce qui suggère bien l'effet bouillonnant de la marée montante à l'embouchure du fleuve au moment du mélang..." title="Article : ESTUAIRES" href="/encyclopedie/estuaires/">estuaires</a> ou de goulets,...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/cotes-geomorphologie/#c24115"> <span class="rg">CÔTES, </span><em class="it">géomorphologie et géographie</em> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Pierre PINOT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 700 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">13 médias </li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> L'avant-côte, au sens strict, désignela bande où se déposent les sédiments littoraux : devant une plage de sable, c'est la région sur laquelle s'étendent, vers le bas, les mouvements migratoires alternatifs qui caractérisent la dynamique des <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="À la frontière des terres et des mers, les plages représentent un milieu original, caractérisé à la fois par l'instabilité de son équilibre et par l'attrait qu'il exerce sur l'homme d'aujourd'hui.. Une plage est le versant externe d'une accumulation littorale de sédiments libres (cf. accumulations (géologie) - Accumulations marines ; on pourra également se reporter, pour l'asp..." title="Article : PLAGES" href="/encyclopedie/plages/">plages</a> de sable (selon l'état de la mer,... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/embouchures/#c24115"> <span class="rg">EMBOUCHURES</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Pierre PINOT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 334 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> Laprise en charge des sédiments fluviatiles par la mer dépend donc essentiellement, surtout à l'extérieur de l'embouchure proprement dite, des houles et des courants qui animent les eaux marines. Toutefois, dans l'intérieur de l'embouchure, la densité relative des masses d'eau en présence et leurs caractères... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/erosion-du-littoral/#c24115"> <span class="rg">ÉROSION DU LITTORAL</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Ywenn DE LA TORRE</span> et <span rel="author">Éric PALVADEAU</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 917 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">6 médias </li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> La morphologie des plages et des cordons dunaires et son évolution sont principalement gouvernées par les phénomènes de tempêtes au cours desquels les transports sédimentaires (marins et éoliens) sont les plus importants. La forme d’érosion caractéristique d’un cordon dunaire est la falaise d’érosion.... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/falaise/"> <span class="rg">FALAISE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Pierre PINOT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 518 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 médias </li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Une falaise est un abrupt littoral résultant de l'affouillement du relief continental par les eaux de la mer. Chaque falaise forme un couple indissoluble avec la plate-forme d'abrasion correspondante, et elle est issue de la réponse du versant au sapement effectué à sa base par la progression...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/marais-et-vasieres/#c24115"> <span class="rg">MARAIS & VASIÈRES</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Fernand VERGER</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 092 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">5 médias </li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> Les vasières constituent le milieu de formation des marais maritimes sur les rivages des mers à marée.Elles sont faites de dépôts fins, argileux, plus ou moins calcaires. Tantôt l'essentiel des sédiments provient des fleuves comme dans la baie de Chesapeake, aux États-Unis, tantôt la majeure partie... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/metaux-gisements-metalliferes/#c24115"> <span class="rg">MÉTAUX - </span><span class="rm">Gisements métallifères</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Marie-José PAVILLON</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">7 843 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">5 médias </li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> Ces minéralisations se déposent sur le plateau continental de leur époque, non loin des anciens rivages. Plus précisément leur localisation est étroitement contrôlée par la paléomorphologie (île, cuvette, rebord). Ainsi, les stratifications entrecroisées, les réductions d'épaisseurs, les sols indurés,... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/baie-du-mont-saint-michel/"> <span class="rg">MONT-SAINT-MICHEL </span><span class="pc">BAIE DU</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean Claude LEFEUVRE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 271 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">3 médias </li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Le <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le rocher de Mont-Tombe, séparé du continent par la grande marée de 709, abritait déjà des cultes à saint Étienne et à saint Symphorien lorsque, en 708, une apparition de l'archange Michel décida l'évêque d'Avranches à construire une église (consacrée en 709) à l'imitation du sanctuaire du Mont-Gargano en Italie. Une abbaye carolingienne la remplaça, desservie par des moines ve..." title="Article : MONT-SAINT-MICHEL" href="/encyclopedie/mont-saint-michel/">Mont-Saint-Michel</a> (Manche), site remarquable inscrit par l'U.N.E.S.C.O. sur la liste du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Issu du vocabulaire juridique, le mot « patrimoine » a été utilisé au début des années 1970 pour désigner les productions humaines à caractère artistique que le passé a laissées en héritage et on n'a pas fini d'explorer le contenu du terme dans son acception récente. Pour en limiter, en fait, l'emploi aux seuls beaux-arts, les utilisateurs entendaient néanmoins écarter d'autres ..." title="Article : PATRIMOINE, art et culture" href="/encyclopedie/patrimoine-art-et-culture/">patrimoine</a> mondial en 1979 et qui accueille chaque année quelque 3,3 millions de touristes, est encerclé par des marais salés (encore appelés herbus ou prés salés) qui progressent au rythme de 25 à 30...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/plages/#c24115"> <span class="rg">PLAGES</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean-Pierre PINOT</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">8 139 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">9 médias </li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...d'évacuer vers la partie submergée du versant (plus précisément vers la barre d'avant-côte qui est un peu au large du déferlement et monte avec lui) tout le sable qui est fourni par cette érosion. Aussi la pente d'équilibre qui correspond aux houles du moment n'est que rarement atteinte sur toute la longueur... </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="d-print-none pagination justify-content-center my-3"> </ul> </section> <section class="mb-5"> <i id="index-medias" class="anchor"></i> <p class="title-minor">Médias</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="DE060271" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Abrasion marine : façonnement d'une encoche dans la falaise" href="/media/abrasion-marine-faconnement-dune-encoche-dans-la-falaise-de060271/"> <img id="DE060271" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/b/csm_de060271_4cacc1c714.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Abrasion marine : façonnement d'une encoche dans la falaise - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Façonnement d'une encoche dans la falaise, par la projection des galets." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="961" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Abrasion marine : façonnement d'une encoche dans la falaise </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010129A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Barres d'avant-côte" href="/media/barres-davant-cote-v010129a/"> <img id="V010129A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/5/csm_v010129a_3f8b315cf5.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Barres d'avant-côte - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Schéma du recourbement des barres d'avant-côte devant l'extrémité d'une flèche littorale, par réfraction de la houle (en plan)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1620" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Barres d'avant-côte </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V060668B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Bréhat" href="/media/brehat-v060668b/"> <img id="V060668B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/7/2/csm_v060668b_e368028f04.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Bréhat - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Côte contraposée, née de l'ablation des lœss, à Bréhat (d'après François Saur). Les chicots granitiques avaient été mis en valeur par l'érosion marine, lors d'un haut niveau marin quaternaire déjà ancien, par l'ablation des arènes qui les emballaient. Ils ont été ensuite enfouis sous les lœss, et…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="909" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Bréhat </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V060671A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Côte à calanques" href="/media/cote-a-calanques-v060671a/"> <img id="V060671A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/d/csm_v060671a_2e1b715e7d.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Côte à calanques - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Les calanques entre Cassis et le Bec-Sormiou" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1081" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Côte à calanques </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V060668A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Côte à fjords" href="/media/cote-a-fjords-v060668a/"> <img id="V060668A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/6/csm_v060668a_14794c7f44.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Côte à fjords - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Quelques fjords de Novège" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1164" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Côte à fjords </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V060670B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Côte à îles-barrières" href="/media/cote-a-iles-barrieres-v060670b/"> <img id="V060670B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/f/csm_v060670b_c96de53330.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Côte à îles-barrières - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Une côte à îles-barrières : le New Jersey (États-Unis)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1657" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Côte à îles-barrières </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V060672A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Côte dalmate" href="/media/cote-dalmate-v060672a/"> <img id="V060672A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/4/csm_v060672a_54364ee755.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Côte dalmate - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="La côte dalmate (région de Zadar)" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1748" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Côte dalmate </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V060671B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Côte faillée" href="/media/cote-faillee-v060671b/"> <img id="V060671B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/d/csm_v060671b_b379ad9aed.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Côte faillée - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Une côte faillée : jeu de blocs entre Trélevern et Penvénan (Côtes-d'Armor)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1459" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Côte faillée </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V140488" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Crêtes dues à l'inversion du relief d'anciens chenaux" href="/media/cretes-dues-a-linversion-du-relief-danciens-chenaux-v140488/"> <img id="V140488" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/e/csm_v140488_17aaa5b24f.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Crêtes dues à l'inversion du relief d'anciens chenaux - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Une forme de relief fréquente dans les marais maritimes : les crêtes dues à l'inversion de relief d'anciens chenaux (exemple pris en Zélande, d'après A. W. Vlam et A. J. Pannekoek)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="706" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Crêtes dues à l'inversion du relief d'anciens chenaux </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010129C" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Crochet du Sillon du Talbert" href="/media/crochet-du-sillon-du-talbert-v010129c/"> <img id="V010129C" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/8/csm_v010129c_2f3d4e886b.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Crochet du Sillon du Talbert - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Le crochet terminal du Sillon du Talbert (Côtes-du-Nord). Le cordon principal est façonné par les houles du nord-ouest, tandis que le crochet l'est par les houles d'est." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1960" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Crochet du Sillon du Talbert </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010125D" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Déplacements d'eau sur le fond" href="/media/deplacements-deau-sur-le-fond-v010125d/"> <img id="V010125D" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/2/8/csm_v010125d_ee348a31f4.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Déplacements d'eau sur le fond - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Schéma des déplacements d'eau sur le fond, dans le cas de la combinaison d'un courant et de la houle. Les vecteurs sont de longueur proportionnelle à la vitesse des courants (vue en coupe)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1940" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Déplacements d'eau sur le fond </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010125C" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Dérive littorale" href="/media/derive-littorale-v010125c/"> <img id="V010125C" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/3/csm_v010125c_9ba09fdc44.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Dérive littorale - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Mécanisme de la dérive littorale. A gauche, le mécanisme simplifié, avec des trajectoires rectilignes et, à droite, le mécanisme réel, avec une dérive plus forte. A0 A1 A2 A3 B0 B1 et B2 sont les positions successives des…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1320" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Dérive littorale </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V060667" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Dunes et étangs de la côte landaise" href="/media/dunes-et-etangs-de-la-cote-landaise-v060667/"> <img id="V060667" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/3/csm_v060667_732a0ea5e5.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Dunes et étangs de la côte landaise - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Les dunes et les étangs de la côte des Landes, entre Arcachon et Mimizan" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="814" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Dunes et étangs de la côte landaise </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010130C" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Estuaire de la Canche" href="/media/estuaire-de-la-canche-v010130c/"> <img id="V010130C" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/6/1/csm_v010130c_2fab236c77.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Estuaire de la Canche - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Le poulier (au sud) et le musoir (au nord) de l'estuaire de la Canche, Pas-de-Calais (d'après Abel Briquet, « Le Littoral du nord de la France », 1930)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1140" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Estuaire de la Canche </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010131A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Étang de Thau" href="/media/etang-de-thau-v010131a/"> <img id="V010131A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/2/csm_v010131a_a94c9a9eff.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Étang de Thau - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="L'étang de Thau, sur la côte languedocienne." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1380" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Étang de Thau </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010130A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Flèche à crochets multiples avec parties érodées" href="/media/fleche-a-crochets-multiples-avec-parties-erodees-v010130a/"> <img id="V010130A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/7/0/csm_v010130a_b51d60ec07.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Flèche à crochets multiples avec parties érodées - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Flèche à crochets multiples, dont les parties anciennes sont érodées (schéma, en plan)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1980" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Flèche à crochets multiples avec parties érodées </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010129B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Flèche à crochets multiples de Solager" href="/media/fleche-a-crochets-multiples-de-solager-v010129b/"> <img id="V010129B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/6/csm_v010129b_467100629e.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Flèche à crochets multiples de Solager - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Flèche à crochets multiples, avec sa progression au cours d'une année. Sable fin, à Solager, île de Sjaelland, Danemark (d'après Axel Schou, « Det marine Forland », Copenhague, 1945)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1620" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Flèche à crochets multiples de Solager </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010132C" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Glénan : glacis-plaine et delta sous-marin" href="/media/glenan-glacis-plaine-et-delta-sous-marin-v010132c/"> <img id="V010132C" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/6/csm_v010132c_5f4de26ce9.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Glénan : glacis-plaine et delta sous-marin - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Glacis-plaine et delta sous-marin au nord-ouest des îles de Glénan (Finistère). Le franchissement des massifs rocheux par les sédiments est limité à une passe assez étroite (11 m de profondeur) à l'est de laquelle ils s'accumulent en delta." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1660" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Glénan : glacis-plaine et delta sous-marin </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010125A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Houles courtes" href="/media/houles-courtes-v010125a/"> <img id="V010125A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/7/csm_v010125a_5a1943d96c.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Houles courtes - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Action des houles courtes sur une plage (vue en coupe)" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1020" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Houles courtes </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010125B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Houles longues" href="/media/houles-longues-v010125b/"> <img id="V010125B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/6/csm_v010125b_e49ac19239.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Houles longues - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Action des houles longues sur une plage (vue en coupe)" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1020" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Houles longues </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V180390" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Île-Grande : composantes de la grève" href="/media/ile-grande-composantes-de-la-greve-v180390/"> <img id="V180390" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/f/csm_v180390_d244282d74.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Île-Grande : composantes de la grève - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Un profil réel et ses composantes." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1640" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Île-Grande : composantes de la grève </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V170959A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Influence de la paléogéographie" href="/media/influence-de-la-paleogeographie-v170959a/"> <img id="V170959A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/3/csm_v170959a_954006c778.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Influence de la paléogéographie - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Influence de la paléogéographie sur la répartition de la matière organique." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1860" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Influence de la paléogéographie </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V180389A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Jets de rive des vagues" href="/media/jets-de-rive-des-vagues-v180389a/"> <img id="V180389A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/9/csm_v180389a_d215733bf3.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Jets de rive des vagues - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Mécanisme des jets de rive des vagues constructives (a) et des vagues destructives (b)" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="600" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Jets de rive des vagues </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V140533A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Marge passive" href="/media/marge-passive-v140533a/"> <img id="V140533A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/c/csm_v140533a_baeea11de5.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Marge passive - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Bloc diagramme d'une marge continentale passive de divergence (ou d'arrachement). Les hauteurs sont multipliées par quatre par rapport aux distances horizontales." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1899" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Marge passive </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010130B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Mer d'Azov" href="/media/mer-dazov-v010130b/"> <img id="V010130B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/d/csm_v010130b_62ae11b485.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Mer d'Azov - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="La mer d'Azov et les « flèches azoviennes. »" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1480" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Mer d'Azov </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010131B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Mer de Gâvres" href="/media/mer-de-gavres-v010131b/"> <img id="V010131B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/9/csm_v010131b_31f70fa6d9.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Mer de Gâvres - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="La « mer de Gâvres » (Morbihan). Le cordon littoral qui a rattaché l'îlot de Gâvres à la terre ferme a isolé un liman dont les parties les plus reculées (étang de Kervran) ont même été complètement séparées de la mer par la progression des dunes." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1240" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Mer de Gâvres </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V180392" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Migration lente de barres d'estran" href="/media/migration-lente-de-barres-destran-v180392/"> <img id="V180392" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/6/a/csm_v180392_a470f83248.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Migration lente de barres d'estran - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Migration lente de trois barres d'estran. Sur une plage de sable à l'embouchure du Ruquet, près de Port-en-Bessin, Calvados, trois barres de sable se sont formées au printemps de 1969 et ont migré très lentement vers le haut d'estran (formé de galets). Ici la présence de barres multiples est à peu…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="976" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Migration lente de barres d'estran </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V060669B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Mousterlin" href="/media/mousterlin-v060669b/"> <img id="V060669B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/c/csm_v060669b_e7d5444289.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Mousterlin - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Les cordons littoraux de Mousterlin (Finistère)" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="1544" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Mousterlin </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010128C" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Plage arquée" href="/media/plage-arquee-v010128c/"> <img id="V010128C" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/2/f/csm_v010128c_71aa875ebe.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Plage arquée - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Une plage arquée. Le cordon de galets de l'île Ziliec, en Penvenan (Côtes-du-Nord). Le diagramme des vents, en haut de la figure, est celui qui résulte des observations faites à l'île de Bréhat. Les courses des houles étant du même ordre de grandeur pour toutes les directions qui intéressent ce…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1380" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Plage arquée </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010126A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Plage de sable avec galets" href="/media/plage-de-sable-avec-galets-v010126a/"> <img id="V010126A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/5/csm_v010126a_ef653ca5a8.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Plage de sable avec galets - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Bloc diagramme d'une plage de sable avec des galets en haut de plage, montrant la formation de bâches derrière des segments de barres d'avant-côté séparés par des sillons dus aux courants de retour concentré." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="820" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Plage de sable avec galets </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010127A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Queue de comète, tombolo et épi" href="/media/queue-de-comete-tombolo-et-epi-v010127a/"> <img id="V010127A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/6/e/csm_v010127a_f61d9a89b0.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Queue de comète, tombolo et épi - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Les étapes de la transformation d'une queue de comète en tombolo, puis en épi (en plan)" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="760" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Queue de comète, tombolo et épi </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010126B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Queues de comètes" href="/media/queues-de-cometes-v010126b/"> <img id="V010126B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/a/csm_v010126b_4b172eb0aa.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Queues de comètes - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Les deux types de queues de comète (en plan)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1980" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Queues de comètes </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V180883" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Répartition des sédiments" href="/media/repartition-des-sediments-v180883/"> <img id="V180883" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/2/csm_v180883_e81dbbb623.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Répartition des sédiments - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Répartition des sédiments sur le plateau continental. " data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="968" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Répartition des sédiments </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010132B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Rides de Kafarnao" href="/media/rides-de-kafarnao-v010132b/"> <img id="V010132B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/e/a/csm_v010132b_2227994d19.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Rides de Kafarnao - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Rides sous-marines de Kafarnao, au sud-ouest de l'île de Sein (d'après F. Hinschberger)." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1080" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Rides de Kafarnao </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010127B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Tombolo de Giens" href="/media/tombolo-de-giens-v010127b/"> <img id="V010127B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/2/0/csm_v010127b_5d9ffac364.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Tombolo de Giens - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Tombolo double de Giens (Var)" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1220" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Tombolo de Giens </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010128A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Tombolo de Quiberon" href="/media/tombolo-de-quiberon-v010128a/"> <img id="V010128A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/d/csm_v010128a_788e9f23ce.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Tombolo de Quiberon - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Tombolo de Quiberon (Morbihan). Les houles de sud-est, quoique assez rares, remanient le revers du cordon principal, faisant dériver les sables vers Pen ar Lé, et tendant à rompre le cordon près de Fort-Penthièvre." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="840" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Tombolo de Quiberon </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010128B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Tombolo d'Orbetello" href="/media/tombolo-dorbetello-v010128b/"> <img id="V010128B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/c/9/csm_v010128b_0a2aeeae15.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Tombolo d'Orbetello - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Le tombolo triple d'Orbetello. Le tombolo du sud-est s'est constitué en avant du tombolo central, et probablement après la rupture de celui-ci." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1760" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Tombolo d'Orbetello </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010127C" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Tombolo du Croisic" href="/media/tombolo-du-croisic-v010127c/"> <img id="V010127C" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/3/a/csm_v010127c_4c22697ff4.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Tombolo du Croisic - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="La presqu'île du Croisic, tombolo double inachevé." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1680" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Tombolo du Croisic </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V180391" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Trébeurden : migration d'une barre de galets" href="/media/trebeurden-migration-dune-barre-de-galets-v180391/"> <img id="V180391" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/b/csm_v180391_7a86e38022.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Trébeurden : migration d'une barre de galets - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Migration d'une barre de galets sur la plage de Tresmeur à Trébeurden. Profils successifs, levés les 30 et 31 janvier, 7, 14 et 28 février, 7 mars 1971. La barre, dont la forme a varié selon l'état de la mer, s'est progressivement déplacée jusqu'à aller s'adosser au mur qui, à gauche de la figure,…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1300" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Trébeurden : migration d'une barre de galets </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V180394" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Tréguignec : croissants dans des galets" href="/media/treguignec-croissants-dans-des-galets-v180394/"> <img id="V180394" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/a/csm_v180394_59352abe84.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Tréguignec : croissants dans des galets - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Deux générations de croissants de plage, dans des galets, au Royau-en-Trévou-Tréguignec (Côtes-d'Armor). Le tireté épais indique le niveau atteint par les plus hautes mers calmes. Les croissants supérieurs sont en retrait d'une vingtaine de mètres par rapport à ce trait de côte et culminent vers 9 m…" data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="2000" height="900" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Tréguignec : croissants dans des galets </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-lg-4 mb-4"> <div class="card"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="V010132A" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Turbidites" href="/media/turbidites-v010132a/"> <img id="V010132A" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/9/5/csm_v010132a_13a52c7627.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Turbidites - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" data-description="Coupe d'un dépôt de turbidites." data-copyright="Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="1740" height="2000" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Turbidites </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Encyclopædia Universalis France </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_74169bae4d.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Crédits images Accueil" rel="nofollow" href="/credits-illustrations/">Crédits images</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire </a> de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2025 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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