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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="fEIL74h14dM1zvBBYb/sqzH1muZ+enLVpTX6phgIALtwQNh7hwlBLzhFic9r7QDV0JtK0Fyh6Lm0ZpDM+hX8Cg==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="The South African Elections of 1994: the Remaking of a Dominant-Party State" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="1994/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="The Journal of Modern African Studies" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Roger Southall" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/21279175/The_South_African_Elections_of_1994_the_Remaking_of_a_Dominant_Party_State" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The South African Elections of 1994: the Remaking of a Dominant-Party State" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/9749692/19334606/19255424/s200_roger.southall.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/21279175/The_South_African_Elections_of_1994_the_Remaking_of_a_Dominant_Party_State" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The South African Elections of 1994: the Remaking of a Dominant-Party State" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The South African Elections of 1994: the Remaking of a Dominant-Party State" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://wits.academia.edu/RogerSouthall" /> <meta name="description" content="The South African Elections of 1994: the Remaking of a Dominant-Party State" /> <title>(PDF) The South African Elections of 1994: the Remaking of a Dominant-Party State | Roger Southall - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/21279175/The_South_African_Elections_of_1994_the_Remaking_of_a_Dominant_Party_State" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732808847000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732808847000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The South African elections of 1994 constituted one of those rare historical moments when humankind made a significant step forward. The peaceful culmination of a liberation struggle, which for years many had feared would end in a bloodbath, registered not only a triumph for the democratic ideal but the resounding defeat of racism as an organising principle of government. If its more recent reference point was the collapse of dictatorial régimes throughout Eastern Europe during 1989–90, it can more distantly be identified as following in the grand tradition of 1789, confirming and extending and elaborating the ‘rights of man’. Yet historical ‘progress’ rarely unfolds in an uncomplicated way, and — however momentous and however much the external world may be willing it to succeed — South Africa\u0026amp;#39;s new democracy, by fairly general agreement, faces daunting tasks.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Roger Southall"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2016-01-30","dateModified":"2021-09-18","datePublished":"1994-01-01","headline":"The South African Elections of 1994: the Remaking of a Dominant-Party State","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Multidisciplinary","South African"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"The Journal of Modern African Studies","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Cambridge University Press 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South Africa after Apartheid</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24087337" href="https://uni-leipzig.academia.edu/UlfEngel">Ulf Engel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">South Africa after Apartheid Policies and Challenges of the Democratic Transition, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">South Africa is a work in progress, in which at every step the contradictions between promises and expectations must be negotiated in a context of fractures and hierarchies inherited by the legacy of apartheid and influenced heavily by dominant international blueprints. The essays proposed here succeed to make connections between scholarly research and political and social action, between theory and practice. To show how state decision-making is influenced, and in what measure determined, by the nature and internal social changes and by government staying in power in regional and international relations. Connections that raise further relevant questions to stimulate the critique of the democratic process and on how these relations of power may influence, stall or even drive back, the path of autonomous emancipation, as it was and is embedded in the history of suffering and sacrifice of the population.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Engel/Pallottii (eds.) 2016. South Africa after Apartheid","attachmentId":61767491,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41612246/Engel_Pallottii_eds_2016_South_Africa_after_Apartheid","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41612246/Engel_Pallottii_eds_2016_South_Africa_after_Apartheid"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="26027719" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26027719/S%C3%A1nchez_Arias_G_A_2012_South_Africa_an_Onslaught_of_Legitimacies_A_Case_Study_on_Post_Apartheid_Consociational_Struggle_REVISTA_PANAME%C3%91A_DE_POL%C3%8DTICA_N_13">Sánchez Arias, G.A. 2012. South Africa, an Onslaught of Legitimacies: A Case Study on Post-Apartheid Consociational Struggle. REVISTA PANAMEÑA DE POLÍTICA - N° 13.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2877586" href="https://lsu.academia.edu/sanchezarias">Ginés A Sánchez Arias</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">South Africa, an Onslaught of Legitimacies: A Case Study on Post-Apartheid Consociational Struggle., 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">After the first democratic elections of 1994, the resurgence of provincial chieftaincies has made it difficult for the central government to acquire legitimacy. Hence, consociational inclusivity fails to gain strength as the prescribed political system. Chieftaincies block democratic hopes of coalition in the provinces. The ANC government has defeated its original purposes becoming a populist group instead of a proponent of democratic institutions. South Africa’s cleavages are too extreme, in that, political consociations become unattainable. Después de las primeras elecciones democráticas de 1994, el resurgimiento de jefaturas provinciales ha hecho difícil que el go-bierno central pueda adquirir legitimidad. Por lo tanto, la inclusión consociativa no logra adquirir su posición como sistema político es-tablecido. Las Jefaturas bloquean las esperanzas democráticas de coalición en las provincias. El gobierno del ANC ha fracasado en el propósito original al convertirse en un grupo populista en lugar de un defensor de las instituciones democráticas. Los clivajes de Sud-áfrica son demasiado extremos, haciendo inalcanzable el estableci-miento de un régimen político consociativo. Summary: After the first democratic elections of 1994, the resurgence of provincial chieftaincies has made it difficult for the central government to acquire legitimacy. Hence, consociational inclusivity fails to gain strength as the prescribed political system. Chieftaincies block democratic hopes of coalition in the provinces. The ANC government has defeated its original purposes becoming a populist group instead of a proponent of democratic institutions. South Africa's cleavages are too extreme, in that, political consociations become unattainable.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sánchez Arias, G.A. 2012. South Africa, an Onslaught of Legitimacies: A Case Study on Post-Apartheid Consociational Struggle. REVISTA PANAMEÑA DE POLÍTICA - N° 13.","attachmentId":46369484,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26027719/S%C3%A1nchez_Arias_G_A_2012_South_Africa_an_Onslaught_of_Legitimacies_A_Case_Study_on_Post_Apartheid_Consociational_Struggle_REVISTA_PANAME%C3%91A_DE_POL%C3%8DTICA_N_13","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26027719/S%C3%A1nchez_Arias_G_A_2012_South_Africa_an_Onslaught_of_Legitimacies_A_Case_Study_on_Post_Apartheid_Consociational_Struggle_REVISTA_PANAME%C3%91A_DE_POL%C3%8DTICA_N_13"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="89230663" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89230663/Democratising_South_Africa_Towards_a_Conflictual_Consensus_">Democratising South Africa: Towards a ‘Conflictual Consensus’</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14718767" href="https://nmmu.academia.edu/ChristivanderWesthuizen">Christi van der Westhuizen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Das Ende des repräsentativen Staates? Demokratie am Scheideweg - The End of the Representative State? Democracy at the Crossroads, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Democratising South Africa: Towards a ‘Conflictual Consensus’","attachmentId":93067523,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89230663/Democratising_South_Africa_Towards_a_Conflictual_Consensus_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89230663/Democratising_South_Africa_Towards_a_Conflictual_Consensus_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":41796043,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":41796043,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_41796043" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/83772285/Election_2019_Change_and_stability_in_South_Africa_s_democracy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="109810291" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/109810291/Postapartheid_South_Africa_A_Solution_for_a_Democratic_and_Nonracial_Political_Regime">Postapartheid South Africa: A Solution for a Democratic and Nonracial Political Regime</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="204689008" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AliounebadaraDiop11">Alioune badara Diop</a></div><p 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data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="16764908" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16764908/South_Africa_Democracy_Without_the_People">South Africa: Democracy Without the People?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="22460" href="https://uct.academia.edu/RobertMattes">Robert Mattes</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Democracy, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"South Africa: Democracy Without the 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