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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-13th_to_15th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#13th_to_15th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>13th to 15th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-13th_to_15th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>16th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>17th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>18th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lisbon_Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lisbon_Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lisbon Metro</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lisbon_Metro-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lisbon Metro subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lisbon_Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pieces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pieces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pieces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pieces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_of_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_of_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>State of protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_of_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="زليج أندلسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زليج أندلسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%83" title="Азулежу – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Азулежу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajola_de_Val%C3%A8ncia" title="Rajola de València – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rajola de València" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Αζουλέζου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αζουλέζου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azule%C4%A5o" title="Azuleĥo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Azuleĥo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azuleju" title="Azuleju – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azuleju" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejos" title="Azulejos – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Azulejos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulexo" title="Azulexo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Azulexo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%A4%84%EB%A0%88%EC%A3%BC" title="아줄레주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아줄레주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Ազուլեժու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ազուլեժու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%96%27%D7%95" title="אזולז'ו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אזולז'ו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9F%E1%83%A3" title="აზულეჟუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აზულეჟუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulechas" title="Azulechas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Azulechas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%BA%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7" title="アズレージョ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アズレージョ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%83" title="Азулежу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Азулежу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Azulejo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%83" title="Азулежу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Азулежу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%8C%B2%E5%8B%92%E8%B5%AB%E7%93%B7%E7%A3%9A%E7%95%AB" title="阿茲勒赫瓷磚畫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿茲勒赫瓷磚畫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3179385#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azulejo" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Azulejo" rel="discussion" title="Discuss 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Portuguese and Spanish painted tiles</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Portuguese review, see <a href="/wiki/Azulejos_(journal)" title="Azulejos (journal)">Azulejos (journal)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg/275px-Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg/413px-Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg/550px-Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2387" data-file-height="2966" /></a><figcaption><i>Panel of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aljubarrota" title="Battle of Aljubarrota">Battle of Aljubarrota</a></i> by Portuguese artist <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Cola%C3%A7o" title="Jorge Colaço">Jorge Colaço</a>, 1922</figcaption></figure> <p><b><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Azulejo</i></span></b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-PT-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ɐzuˈle(j)ʒu,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɐzuˈlɐjʒu]</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[aθuˈlexo]</a></span>; from the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الزليج</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-<a href="/wiki/Zellij" title="Zellij">zillīj</a></i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> painted <a href="/wiki/Tin-glazing" title="Tin-glazing">tin-glazed</a> <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramic</a> <a href="/wiki/Tile" title="Tile">tilework</a>. <i>Azulejos</i> are found on the interior and exterior of <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">palaces</a>, ordinary houses, schools, and nowadays, restaurants, bars and even <a href="/wiki/Railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway station">railways</a> or <a href="/wiki/Subway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Subway station">subway stations</a>. They are an <a href="/wiki/Ornament_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornament (architecture)">ornamental art</a> form, but also had a specific functional capacity, like <a href="/wiki/Temperature_control" title="Temperature control">temperature control</a> in homes. </p><p>There is also a tradition of their production in former <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish</a> colonies in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> (India), <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language_in_Africa" title="Portuguese language in Africa">Lusophone Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> (China). <i>Azulejos</i> constitute a major aspect of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_architecture" title="Portuguese architecture">Portuguese architecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Spanish architecture</a> to this day and are fixtures of buildings across Portugal, Spain and their former territories. Many azulejos chronicle major historical and cultural aspects of both <a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal" title="History of Portugal">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain" title="History of Spain">Spanish history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>azulejo</i> (as well as the <a href="/wiki/Ligurian_(Romance_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligurian (Romance language)">Ligurian</a> <i>laggion</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الزليج</span></span> (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">al-zillīj</i></span>), zellij meaning "polished stone" because the original idea was to imitate the Byzantine and Roman mosaics.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="13th_to_15th_centuries">13th to 15th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 13th to 15th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Spanish city of <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> became the major centre of the <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Moresque" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispano-Moresque">Hispano-Moresque</a> tile industry. The earliest <i>azulejos</i> in the 13th century were panels of tile-mosaic known as <i>alicatados</i> (from Arabic: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ﻗَﻄَﻊَ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">qata'a</i></span>, <small><abbr title="Literal translation">lit.</abbr> </small>'to cut'),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 24">: 24 </span></sup> known as <i><a href="/wiki/Zellij" title="Zellij">zellij</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Islamic architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BloomBlair2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BloomBlair2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tiles were glazed in a single colour, cut into geometric shapes, and assembled to form <a href="/wiki/Islamic_geometric_patterns" title="Islamic geometric patterns">geometric patterns</a>. Many examples can be admired in the <a href="/wiki/Alhambra" title="Alhambra">Alhambra</a> of <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This tradition was continued for a time in <a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudéjar architecture">Mudéjar architecture</a> in Spain (e.g. in the 14th-century sections of the <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_of_Seville" title="Alcázar of Seville">Alcázar of Seville</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-:8_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been perpetuated to this day in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:022_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When former Moorish-controlled territories came under Spanish rule in Spain, new techniques of tilemaking developed from the older Andalusi traditions. As wealthy Spaniards favoured the Mudéjar style to decorate their residences, the demand for mosaic tilework in this style increased beyond what tilemakers could produce, requiring them to consider new methods.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towards the late 15th and early 16th centuries <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a> became an important production center for a type of tile known as <i>cuenca</i> ("hollow") or <i>arista</i> ("ridge").<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this technique, motifs were formed by pressing a metal or wooden mould over the unbaked tile, leaving a motif delineated by thin ridges of clay that prevented the different colours in between from bleeding into each other during baking. This was similar to the older <i><a href="/wiki/Cuerda_seca" title="Cuerda seca">cuerda seca</a></i> technique but more efficient for mass production.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:7_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motifs on these tiles imitated earlier Islamic and Mudéjar designs from the <i>zellij</i> mosaic tradition or blended them with contemporary European influences such as <a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a> or Italian <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fine examples of these tiles can be found in the early 16th-century decoration of the <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Pilatos" title="Casa de Pilatos">Casa de Pilatos</a> in Seville.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of tile was produced well into the 17th century and was widely exported from Spain to other European countries and to the Spanish colonies in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The same techniques were introduced into Portugal by King <a href="/wiki/Manuel_I_of_Portugal" title="Manuel I of Portugal">Manuel I</a> after a visit to Seville in 1503. They were applied on walls and used for paving floors, such as can be seen in several rooms, and especially the Arab Room of the <a href="/wiki/Sintra_National_Palace" title="Sintra National Palace">Sintra National Palace</a> (including the famous <i>cuenca</i> tiles with the armillary sphere, symbol of king Manuel I). The Portuguese adopted the Moorish tradition of <i><a href="/wiki/Horror_vacui_(art)" title="Horror vacui (art)">horror vacui</a></i> ('fear of empty spaces') and covered the walls completely with <i>azulejos</i>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cuarto_Real_de_Santo_Domingo,_Granada._Elementos_decorativos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="(Moorish) Alicatado (ca. 13th century[16]) in the Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo, Granada"><img alt="(Moorish) Alicatado (ca. 13th century[16]) in the Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo, Granada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cuarto_Real_de_Santo_Domingo%2C_Granada._Elementos_decorativos.jpg/169px-Cuarto_Real_de_Santo_Domingo%2C_Granada._Elementos_decorativos.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cuarto_Real_de_Santo_Domingo%2C_Granada._Elementos_decorativos.jpg/253px-Cuarto_Real_de_Santo_Domingo%2C_Granada._Elementos_decorativos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Cuarto_Real_de_Santo_Domingo%2C_Granada._Elementos_decorativos.jpg/337px-Cuarto_Real_de_Santo_Domingo%2C_Granada._Elementos_decorativos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2856" data-file-height="3808" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">(Moorish) <i>Alicatado</i> (ca. 13th century<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) in the <a href="/wiki/Cuarto_Real_de_Santo_Domingo" title="Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo">Cuarto Real de Santo Domingo</a>, Granada</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 193.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alhambra-p3-wall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="(Moorish) Alicatado in the Alhambra (14th century), Granada"><img alt="(Moorish) Alicatado in the Alhambra (14th century), Granada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Alhambra-p3-wall.jpg/290px-Alhambra-p3-wall.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Alhambra-p3-wall.jpg/436px-Alhambra-p3-wall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Alhambra-p3-wall.jpg/580px-Alhambra-p3-wall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2073" data-file-height="1608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">(Moorish) <i>Alicatado</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Alhambra" title="Alhambra">Alhambra</a> (14th century), <a href="/wiki/Granada" title="Granada">Granada</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 257.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 255.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes,_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="(Christian) Capilla de San Bartolomé (ca. 1410[17]), Córdoba"><img alt="(Christian) Capilla de San Bartolomé (ca. 1410[17]), Córdoba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg/383px-Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg/575px-Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg/766px-Capilla_Mud%C3%A9jar_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9_in_der_Calle_Averroes%2C_C%C3%B3rdoba_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3823" data-file-height="2248" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">(Christian) <a href="/wiki/San_Bartolom%C3%A9,_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="San Bartolomé, Córdoba">Capilla de San Bartolomé</a> (ca. 1410<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Córdoba, Andalusia">Córdoba</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Section_of_a_tile_floor_with_coat_of_arms.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="(Christian) Alfardones, ca. 1420, Manises, Spain"><img alt="(Christian) Alfardones, ca. 1420, Manises, Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Section_of_a_tile_floor_with_coat_of_arms.jpg/228px-Section_of_a_tile_floor_with_coat_of_arms.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Section_of_a_tile_floor_with_coat_of_arms.jpg/342px-Section_of_a_tile_floor_with_coat_of_arms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Section_of_a_tile_floor_with_coat_of_arms.jpg/455px-Section_of_a_tile_floor_with_coat_of_arms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2471" data-file-height="2442" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">(Christian) <i>Alfardones</i>, ca. 1420, <a href="/wiki/Manises" title="Manises">Manises</a>, Spain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_Sintra_azulejo5.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="(Christian) Azulejos of the 15th century of the Sintra National Palace, Portugal"><img alt="(Christian) Azulejos of the 15th century of the Sintra National Palace, Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Palacio_Sintra_azulejo5.JPG/169px-Palacio_Sintra_azulejo5.JPG" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Palacio_Sintra_azulejo5.JPG/253px-Palacio_Sintra_azulejo5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Palacio_Sintra_azulejo5.JPG/337px-Palacio_Sintra_azulejo5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">(Christian) Azulejos of the 15th century of the <a href="/wiki/Sintra_National_Palace" title="Sintra National Palace">Sintra National Palace</a>, Portugal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alcazar_Segovia_200846.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="(Christian) Tiles in Alcázar of Segovia"><img alt="(Christian) Tiles in Alcázar of Segovia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Alcazar_Segovia_200846.JPG/300px-Alcazar_Segovia_200846.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Alcazar_Segovia_200846.JPG/451px-Alcazar_Segovia_200846.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Alcazar_Segovia_200846.JPG/600px-Alcazar_Segovia_200846.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">(Christian) Tiles in <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_of_Segovia" title="Alcázar of Segovia">Alcázar of Segovia</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="16th_century">16th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 16th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Potters from Italy came into Seville in the early 16th century and established workshops there. They brought with them the <i><a href="/wiki/Maiolica" title="Maiolica">maiolica</a></i> techniques which allowed the artists to represent a much larger number of figurative themes in their compositions. The first Italian potter to move into Spain was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Niculoso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Niculoso (page does not exist)">Francisco Niculoso</a> who settled in Seville in 1498.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of his work can still be admired <i>in situ</i> in the Alcazar of Seville. Under the influence of the Renaissance style introduced by Italians artists, most azulejos were polychrome tile panels depicting allegorical or <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology_in_western_art_and_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek mythology in western art and literature">mythological scenes</a>, scenes from the lives of saints or <a href="/wiki/Sacred_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred art">the Bible</a>, or hunting scenes. <a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grotesque" title="Grotesque">grotesque</a> style, with its bizarre representations, had much influence on azulejos. </p><p>Until the mid-16th century the Portuguese continued to rely on foreign imports, mostly from Spain, such as the <i>Annunciation</i> by Francisco Niculoso in <a href="/wiki/%C3%89vora" title="Évora">Évora</a>, but also on a smaller scale from <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> (Flanders), such as the two panels by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Bogaerts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Bogaerts (page does not exist)">Jan Bogaerts</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ducal_Palace_of_Vila_Vi%C3%A7osa" title="Ducal Palace of Vila Viçosa">Paço Ducal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vila_Vi%C3%A7osa" title="Vila Viçosa">Vila Viçosa</a> (Alentejo). One of the early Portuguese masters of the 16th century was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar%C3%A7al_de_Matos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marçal de Matos (page does not exist)">Marçal de Matos</a>, to whom <i>Susanna and the Elders</i> (1565), in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quinta_da_Bacalhoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quinta da Bacalhoa (page does not exist)">Quinta da Bacalhoa</a>, Azeitão, is attributed, as well as the <i>Adoration of the Shepherds</i> (in the National Museum of Azulejos in Lisbon).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Miracle of St. Roque</i> (in the Church of S. Roque, Lisbon) is the first dated Portuguese <i>azulejo</i> composition (1584). It is the work of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_de_Matos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco de Matos (page does not exist)">Francisco de Matos</a>, probably the nephew and pupil of Marçal de Matos. Both drew their inspiration from <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerist</a> paintings and <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engravings</a> from Italy and Flanders. A fine collection of 16th-century azulejos (<i>azulejos Hispano-mouriscos</i>) can be found in the Museu da Rainha D. Leonor in <a href="/wiki/Beja_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beja (Portugal)">Beja</a>, Portugal (the former <i>Convento da Conceição</i>). </p><p>In the late 16th century, <i>checkered</i> azulejos were used as decoration for large surfaces, such as in churches and monasteries. Diagonally placed plain white tiles were surrounded by blue square ones and narrow border tiles. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 107.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 105.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Niculoso_Alcazar_Seville.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chapel of the Alcázar of Seville (Spain) covered with tin-glazed tiles painted in 1504 by the Pisan Francesco Niculoso.[20]"><img alt="Chapel of the Alcázar of Seville (Spain) covered with tin-glazed tiles painted in 1504 by the Pisan Francesco Niculoso.[20]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Niculoso_Alcazar_Seville.jpg/158px-Niculoso_Alcazar_Seville.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Niculoso_Alcazar_Seville.jpg/238px-Niculoso_Alcazar_Seville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Niculoso_Alcazar_Seville.jpg/317px-Niculoso_Alcazar_Seville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="1764" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar_of_Seville" title="Alcázar of Seville">Alcázar of Seville</a> (Spain) covered with tin-glazed tiles painted in 1504 by the <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisan</a> Francesco Niculoso.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sevilla-4-9_(48040450686).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Casa de Pilatos in Seville has around 150 different azulejo designs of the 1530s,[21] one of the largest antique collections in the world[22]"><img alt="Casa de Pilatos in Seville has around 150 different azulejo designs of the 1530s,[21] one of the largest antique collections in the world[22]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sevilla-4-9_%2848040450686%29.jpg/300px-Sevilla-4-9_%2848040450686%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sevilla-4-9_%2848040450686%29.jpg/451px-Sevilla-4-9_%2848040450686%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Sevilla-4-9_%2848040450686%29.jpg/600px-Sevilla-4-9_%2848040450686%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Pilatos" title="Casa de Pilatos">Casa de Pilatos</a> in Seville has around 150 different azulejo designs of the 1530s,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the largest antique collections in the world<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Azulejo_Loaysa_panel_ni.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panel of Hernando de Loaysa, around 1590, Palacio de Fabio Nelli, Valladolid, Spain."><img alt="Panel of Hernando de Loaysa, around 1590, Palacio de Fabio Nelli, Valladolid, Spain." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Azulejo_Loaysa_panel_ni.jpg/210px-Azulejo_Loaysa_panel_ni.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Azulejo_Loaysa_panel_ni.jpg/315px-Azulejo_Loaysa_panel_ni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Azulejo_Loaysa_panel_ni.jpg/419px-Azulejo_Loaysa_panel_ni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="2280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panel of Hernando de Loaysa, around 1590, <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_Fabio_Nelli" title="Palacio de Fabio Nelli">Palacio de Fabio Nelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a>, Spain.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valladolid_convento_santaisabel_azulejo_siglo_XVI_by_lou.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="16th-century azulejos in Convent of Santa Isabel, Valladolid"><img alt="16th-century azulejos in Convent of Santa Isabel, Valladolid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Valladolid_convento_santaisabel_azulejo_siglo_XVI_by_lou.jpg/339px-Valladolid_convento_santaisabel_azulejo_siglo_XVI_by_lou.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Valladolid_convento_santaisabel_azulejo_siglo_XVI_by_lou.jpg/509px-Valladolid_convento_santaisabel_azulejo_siglo_XVI_by_lou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Valladolid_convento_santaisabel_azulejo_siglo_XVI_by_lou.jpg/677px-Valladolid_convento_santaisabel_azulejo_siglo_XVI_by_lou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">16th-century azulejos in Convent of Santa Isabel, Valladolid</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TalaveraDeLaReina_Azulejos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Prado, Talavera de la Reina, Spain."><img alt="Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Prado, Talavera de la Reina, Spain." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TalaveraDeLaReina_Azulejos.jpg/301px-TalaveraDeLaReina_Azulejos.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/TalaveraDeLaReina_Azulejos.jpg/452px-TalaveraDeLaReina_Azulejos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/TalaveraDeLaReina_Azulejos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="419" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Prado, <a href="/wiki/Talavera_de_la_Reina" title="Talavera de la Reina">Talavera de la Reina</a>, Spain.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarca_taulells.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Real Colegio Seminario del Corpus Christi, Valencia, Spain."><img alt="Real Colegio Seminario del Corpus Christi, Valencia, Spain." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Patriarca_taulells.jpg/169px-Patriarca_taulells.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Patriarca_taulells.jpg/253px-Patriarca_taulells.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Patriarca_taulells.jpg/337px-Patriarca_taulells.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Real_Colegio_Seminario_del_Corpus_Christi" title="Real Colegio Seminario del Corpus Christi">Real Colegio Seminario del Corpus Christi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Spain.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 190.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 188.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mare_de_D%C3%A9u_com_a_emblema_del_bra%C3%A7_eclesi%C3%A0stic,_s%C3%B2col_cer%C3%A0mic_de_la_sala_Nova_del_palau_de_la_Generalitat_Valenciana.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos made by Hernando de Santiago and Juan de Víllalba in 1575[23] in Sala Nova, Palau de la Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia."><img alt="Azulejos made by Hernando de Santiago and Juan de Víllalba in 1575[23] in Sala Nova, Palau de la Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mare_de_D%C3%A9u_com_a_emblema_del_bra%C3%A7_eclesi%C3%A0stic%2C_s%C3%B2col_cer%C3%A0mic_de_la_sala_Nova_del_palau_de_la_Generalitat_Valenciana.JPG/283px-Mare_de_D%C3%A9u_com_a_emblema_del_bra%C3%A7_eclesi%C3%A0stic%2C_s%C3%B2col_cer%C3%A0mic_de_la_sala_Nova_del_palau_de_la_Generalitat_Valenciana.JPG" decoding="async" width="189" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mare_de_D%C3%A9u_com_a_emblema_del_bra%C3%A7_eclesi%C3%A0stic%2C_s%C3%B2col_cer%C3%A0mic_de_la_sala_Nova_del_palau_de_la_Generalitat_Valenciana.JPG/425px-Mare_de_D%C3%A9u_com_a_emblema_del_bra%C3%A7_eclesi%C3%A0stic%2C_s%C3%B2col_cer%C3%A0mic_de_la_sala_Nova_del_palau_de_la_Generalitat_Valenciana.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Mare_de_D%C3%A9u_com_a_emblema_del_bra%C3%A7_eclesi%C3%A0stic%2C_s%C3%B2col_cer%C3%A0mic_de_la_sala_Nova_del_palau_de_la_Generalitat_Valenciana.JPG/566px-Mare_de_D%C3%A9u_com_a_emblema_del_bra%C3%A7_eclesi%C3%A0stic%2C_s%C3%B2col_cer%C3%A0mic_de_la_sala_Nova_del_palau_de_la_Generalitat_Valenciana.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3261" data-file-height="2594" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos made by Hernando de Santiago and Juan de Víllalba in 1575<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Sala Nova, Palau de la Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AzulejoMonasterioToledo.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejo of the Santa Cruz Hospital in Toledo, Spain."><img alt="Azulejo of the Santa Cruz Hospital in Toledo, Spain." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AzulejoMonasterioToledo.JPG/169px-AzulejoMonasterioToledo.JPG" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AzulejoMonasterioToledo.JPG/253px-AzulejoMonasterioToledo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AzulejoMonasterioToledo.JPG/337px-AzulejoMonasterioToledo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejo of the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Santa_Cruz" title="Museum of Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz Hospital</a> in Toledo, Spain.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_with_azulejos_-_Palacio_de_la_Condesa_de_Lebrija.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos of the Palacio de la Condesa de Lebrija (ca. 1585[24]), Seville"><img alt="Azulejos of the Palacio de la Condesa de Lebrija (ca. 1585[24]), Seville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wall_with_azulejos_-_Palacio_de_la_Condesa_de_Lebrija.JPG/338px-Wall_with_azulejos_-_Palacio_de_la_Condesa_de_Lebrija.JPG" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wall_with_azulejos_-_Palacio_de_la_Condesa_de_Lebrija.JPG/507px-Wall_with_azulejos_-_Palacio_de_la_Condesa_de_Lebrija.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wall_with_azulejos_-_Palacio_de_la_Condesa_de_Lebrija.JPG/675px-Wall_with_azulejos_-_Palacio_de_la_Condesa_de_Lebrija.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Countess_of_Lebrija" title="Palace of the Countess of Lebrija">Palacio de la Condesa de Lebrija</a> (ca. 1585<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Seville</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 171.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 169.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Azulejo-Museum1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Altarpiece of Our Lady of Life, painted in 1580 by Marçal de Matos, National Museum of the Azulejo, Lisbon."><img alt="Altarpiece of Our Lady of Life, painted in 1580 by Marçal de Matos, National Museum of the Azulejo, Lisbon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Azulejo-Museum1.jpg/254px-Azulejo-Museum1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Azulejo-Museum1.jpg/381px-Azulejo-Museum1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Azulejo-Museum1.jpg/507px-Azulejo-Museum1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1692" data-file-height="1502" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Altarpiece of Our Lady of Life, painted in 1580 by Marçal de Matos, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Azulejo" title="National Museum of the Azulejo">National Museum of the Azulejo</a>, Lisbon.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 161.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 159.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panel_of_4_cuenca_tiles_MET_sf33_46.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cuenca tile with traditional geometric motif, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, from 16th-century Spain[25]"><img alt="Cuenca tile with traditional geometric motif, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, from 16th-century Spain[25]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Panel_of_4_cuenca_tiles_MET_sf33_46.jpg/239px-Panel_of_4_cuenca_tiles_MET_sf33_46.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Panel_of_4_cuenca_tiles_MET_sf33_46.jpg/359px-Panel_of_4_cuenca_tiles_MET_sf33_46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Panel_of_4_cuenca_tiles_MET_sf33_46.jpg/478px-Panel_of_4_cuenca_tiles_MET_sf33_46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1627" data-file-height="1533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Cuenca</i> tile with <a href="/wiki/Islamic_geometric_patterns" title="Islamic geometric patterns">traditional geometric motif</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, from 16th-century Spain<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_de_Pilatos_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cuenca tile, with newer motifs, in the Casa de Pilatos in Seville (16th century)"><img alt="Cuenca tile, with newer motifs, in the Casa de Pilatos in Seville (16th century)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Casa_de_Pilatos_13.jpg/338px-Casa_de_Pilatos_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Casa_de_Pilatos_13.jpg/507px-Casa_de_Pilatos_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Casa_de_Pilatos_13.jpg/675px-Casa_de_Pilatos_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5328" data-file-height="3552" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Cuenca</i> tile, with newer motifs, in the <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Pilatos" title="Casa de Pilatos">Casa de Pilatos</a> in Seville (16th century)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th_century">17th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 17th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly afterwards, these plain white tiles were replaced by polychrome tiles (<i>enxaquetado rico</i>) often giving a complex framework such as in the <a href="/wiki/Igreja_de_Santa_Maria_de_Marvila" title="Igreja de Santa Maria de Marvila">Igreja de Santa Maria de Marvila</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m,_Portugal" title="Santarém, Portugal">Santarém, Portugal</a> with one of the most outstanding tile-based interior decorations in Portugal. </p><p>When the diagonal tiles were replaced by a repetitive pattern of horizontal polychrome tiles, one could obtain a new design with different motifs, interlacing Mannerist drawings with representations of roses and camellias (sometimes roses and <a href="/wiki/Garland" title="Garland">garlands</a>). An inset votive usually depicts a scene from the life of <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> or a saint. These carpet compositions (<i>azulejo de tapete</i>), as they were called, elaborately framed with <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">friezes</a> and borders, were produced in great numbers during the 17th century. The best examples are to be found in the Igreja do Salvador, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89vora" title="Évora">Évora</a>, Igreja de S. Quintino, Obral de Monte Agraço, Igreja de S. Vicente, Cuba (Portugal) and the university chapel in <a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a>. </p><p>The use of <i>azulejos</i> for the decoration of <a href="/wiki/Antependia" class="mw-redirect" title="Antependia">antependia</a> (front of an <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a>), imitating precious altar cloths, is typical for Portugal. The panel may be in one piece, or composed of two or three sections. They were used in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Some antependia of the 17th century imitate oriental fabrics (<a href="/wiki/Calico" title="Calico">calico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chintz" title="Chintz">chintz</a>). The golden fringes of the altar cloth were imitated by yellow motifs on the painted border tiles. Excellent examples can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Hospital_de_Santa_Marta" title="Hospital de Santa Marta">Hospital de Santa Marta</a>, Lisbon, or in the <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convento_de_Santa_Maria_de_Almoster" class="extiw" title="pt:Convento de Santa Maria de Almoster">Convent of Santa Maria de Almoster</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Convento_de_Santa_Cruz_do_Bu%C3%A7aco" title="Convento de Santa Cruz do Buçaco">Convento de Santa Cruz do Buçaco</a>. </p><p>During the same period another motif in <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">friezes</a> was introduced: floral vases flanked by birds, dolphins or <a href="/wiki/Putti" class="mw-redirect" title="Putti">putti</a>, the so-called <i>albarradas</i>. They were probably inspired by Flemish paintings of flower vases, such as by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Brueghel_the_Elder" title="Jan Brueghel the Elder">Jan Brueghel the Elder</a>. These were still free-standing in the 17th century, but they would be used in repetitive modules in the 18th century. </p><p>Azulejos dating from 1642 are in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_and_Convent_of_San_Francisco,_Lima" title="Basilica and Convent of San Francisco, Lima">Basilica and Convent de San Francisco de Lima</a>, Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p><p>Another type of azulejo composition, called <i>aves e ramagens</i> ('birds and branches'), came into vogue between 1650 and 1680. They were influenced by the representations on printed textiles that were imported from India: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> symbols, flowers, animals and birds. </p><p>In the second half of the 17th century, the Spanish artist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_del_Barco_y_Minusca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel del Barco y Minusca (page does not exist)">Gabriel del Barco y Minusca</a> introduced into Portugal the <a href="/wiki/Delftware" title="Delftware">blue-and-white tiles from Delft</a> in the Netherlands. The workshops of Jan van Oort and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Willem_van_der_Kloet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willem van der Kloet (page does not exist)">Willem van der Kloet</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> created large tile panels with historical scenes for their rich Portuguese clients, such as for the Palace of the Marqueses da Fronteira in <a href="/wiki/Benfica_(Lisbon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benfica (Lisbon)">Benfica</a>, Lisbon. But when <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Portugal" title="Peter II of Portugal">King Peter II</a> stopped all imports of <i>azulejos</i> between 1687 and 1698, the workshop of Gabriel del Barco took over the production. The last major production from Holland was delivered in 1715. Soon large, home-made blue-and-white figurative tiles, designed by academically trained Portuguese artists, became the dominant fashion, superseding the former taste for repeated patterns and abstract decoration. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beja26.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carpet-style decoration Museu da Rainha D. Leonor; Beja, Portugal"><img alt="Carpet-style decoration Museu da Rainha D. Leonor; Beja, Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Beja26.jpg/169px-Beja26.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Beja26.jpg/253px-Beja26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Beja26.jpg/337px-Beja26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carpet-style decoration <br />Museu da Rainha D. Leonor; Beja, Portugal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sagres07.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antependium decorated with azulejos Church of Nossa Senhora da Graça; Sagres, Portugal"><img alt="Antependium decorated with azulejos Church of Nossa Senhora da Graça; Sagres, Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sagres07.jpg/169px-Sagres07.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sagres07.jpg/253px-Sagres07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sagres07.jpg/337px-Sagres07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Antependium decorated with azulejos <br />Church of Nossa Senhora da Graça; Sagres, Portugal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 236px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 234px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0_(11609800903).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kings Gallery fountain, Palace of the Marquess of Fronteira, Lisbon, Portugal"><img alt="Kings Gallery fountain, Palace of the Marquess of Fronteira, Lisbon, Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%92_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0_%2811609800903%29.jpg/351px-%D0%92_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0_%2811609800903%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%92_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0_%2811609800903%29.jpg/527px-%D0%92_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0_%2811609800903%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/%D0%92_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0_%2811609800903%29.jpg/701px-%D0%92_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0_%2811609800903%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="899" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kings Gallery fountain, Palace of the Marquess of Fronteira, Lisbon, Portugal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon_Travel_2011_(5900363958).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palace of the Marquess of Fronteira, Lisbon."><img alt="Palace of the Marquess of Fronteira, Lisbon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Lisbon_Travel_2011_%285900363958%29.jpg/338px-Lisbon_Travel_2011_%285900363958%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Lisbon_Travel_2011_%285900363958%29.jpg/507px-Lisbon_Travel_2011_%285900363958%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Lisbon_Travel_2011_%285900363958%29.jpg/675px-Lisbon_Travel_2011_%285900363958%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palace of the Marquess of Fronteira, Lisbon.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 343.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 341.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santas_Justa_y_Rufina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saints Justa and Rufina, ca. 1600, Museum of Fine Arts of Seville"><img alt="Saints Justa and Rufina, ca. 1600, Museum of Fine Arts of Seville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Santas_Justa_y_Rufina.jpg/512px-Santas_Justa_y_Rufina.jpg" decoding="async" width="342" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Santas_Justa_y_Rufina.jpg/769px-Santas_Justa_y_Rufina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Santas_Justa_y_Rufina.jpg/1023px-Santas_Justa_y_Rufina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="594" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Justa_and_Rufina" title="Justa and Rufina">Saints Justa and Rufina</a></i>, ca. 1600, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_of_Seville" title="Museum of Fine Arts of Seville">Museum of Fine Arts of Seville</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santo_Domingo_Lima,_Kacheln_aus_Sevilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the azulejos (ca. 1606)[28] at the Basilica of Santo Domingo, Lima, Peru"><img alt="Detail of the azulejos (ca. 1606)[28] at the Basilica of Santo Domingo, Lima, Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Santo_Domingo_Lima%2C_Kacheln_aus_Sevilla.jpg/300px-Santo_Domingo_Lima%2C_Kacheln_aus_Sevilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Santo_Domingo_Lima%2C_Kacheln_aus_Sevilla.jpg/451px-Santo_Domingo_Lima%2C_Kacheln_aus_Sevilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Santo_Domingo_Lima%2C_Kacheln_aus_Sevilla.jpg/600px-Santo_Domingo_Lima%2C_Kacheln_aus_Sevilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the azulejos (ca. 1606)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Santo_Domingo,_Lima" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of Santo Domingo, Lima">Basilica of Santo Domingo, Lima</a>, Peru</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capilla_del_Rosario_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos inside the Chapel of the Rosario (1531-1690),[29] Puebla City, Mexico"><img alt="Azulejos inside the Chapel of the Rosario (1531-1690),[29] Puebla City, Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Capilla_del_Rosario_07.jpg/338px-Capilla_del_Rosario_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Capilla_del_Rosario_07.jpg/507px-Capilla_del_Rosario_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Capilla_del_Rosario_07.jpg/675px-Capilla_del_Rosario_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos inside the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapel_of_the_Rosario,_Puebla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chapel of the Rosario, Puebla (page does not exist)">Chapel of the Rosario</a> (1531-1690),<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Puebla_(city)" title="Puebla (city)">Puebla City</a>, Mexico</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBb057-Krypta_i_kru%C5%BCganki_Koscio%C5%82a_%C5%9Aw_Franciszka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos (dating to 1642)[30][31] in the Basilica of San Francisco, Lima, Peru."><img alt="Azulejos (dating to 1642)[30][31] in the Basilica of San Francisco, Lima, Peru." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/PBb057-Krypta_i_kru%C5%BCganki_Koscio%C5%82a_%C5%9Aw_Franciszka.jpg/337px-PBb057-Krypta_i_kru%C5%BCganki_Koscio%C5%82a_%C5%9Aw_Franciszka.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/PBb057-Krypta_i_kru%C5%BCganki_Koscio%C5%82a_%C5%9Aw_Franciszka.jpg/507px-PBb057-Krypta_i_kru%C5%BCganki_Koscio%C5%82a_%C5%9Aw_Franciszka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/PBb057-Krypta_i_kru%C5%BCganki_Koscio%C5%82a_%C5%9Aw_Franciszka.jpg/674px-PBb057-Krypta_i_kru%C5%BCganki_Koscio%C5%82a_%C5%9Aw_Franciszka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos (dating to 1642)<sup id="cite_ref-Nueva_visión_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nueva_visión-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PAYMENT_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAYMENT-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_and_Convent_of_San_Francisco,_Lima" title="Basilica and Convent of San Francisco, Lima">Basilica of San Francisco, Lima</a>, Peru.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century">18th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The late 17th and early 18th centuries became the 'Golden Age of the Azulejo', the so-called Cycle of the Masters (<i>Ciclo dos Mestres</i>). Mass production was started not just because of a greater internal demand, but also because of large orders came in from the Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">colony of Brazil</a>. Large one-off orders were replaced by the less expensive use of repetitive tile patterns. Churches, monasteries, palaces and even houses were covered inside and outside with <i>azulejos</i>, many with exuberant <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> elements. </p><p>The most prominent master-designers in these early years of the 18th century were: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B3nio_Pereira_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="António Pereira (artist) (page does not exist)">António Pereira (artist)</a>, Manuel dos Santos, the workshop of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Bernardes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="António de Oliveira Bernardes (page does not exist)">António de Oliveira Bernardes</a> and his son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Policarpo_de_Oliveira_Bernardes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Policarpo de Oliveira Bernardes (page does not exist)">Policarpo de Oliveira Bernardes</a>; the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Master_PMP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Master PMP (page does not exist)">Master PMP</a> (only known by his monogram) and his collaborators <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teot%C3%B3nio_dos_Santos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teotónio dos Santos (page does not exist)">Teotónio dos Santos</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentim_de_Almeida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentim de Almeida (page does not exist)">Valentim de Almeida</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartolomeu_Antunes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartolomeu Antunes (page does not exist)">Bartolomeu Antunes</a> and his pupil <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolau_de_Freitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolau de Freitas (page does not exist)">Nicolau de Freitas</a>. As their production coincided with the reign of King <a href="/wiki/John_V_of_Portugal" title="John V of Portugal">João V</a> (1706–1750), the style of this period is also called the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joanine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joanine (page does not exist)">Joanine</a> style. </p><p>During this same period appear the first 'invitation figures' (<i>figura de convite</i>), invented by the Master PMP and produced in the 18th and 19th centuries. These are cut-out panels of <i>azulejos</i> with life-size figures (footmen, <a href="/wiki/Halberdier" class="mw-redirect" title="Halberdier">halberdiers</a>, noblemen or elegantly dressed ladies), usually placed in entrances of palaces (see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pal%C3%A1cio_da_Mitra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palácio da Mitra (page does not exist)">Palácio da Mitra</a>), patios and stair landings. Their purpose was to welcome visitors. They can only be found in Portugal. </p><p>In the 1740s the taste of Portuguese society changed from the monumental narrative panels to smaller and more delicately executed panels in <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> style. These panels depict gallant and pastoral themes as they occur in the works of the French painter <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Watteau" title="Antoine Watteau">Antoine Watteau</a>. Fine examples are the façade and the gardens of the Palace of the Dukes de Mesquitela in Carnide (<a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>) and the <i><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Corredor das Mangas</i></span></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Queluz_National_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Queluz National Palace">Queluz National Palace</a>. The mass-produced tiles acquired a more stereotypic design with predominant polychrome irregular shell motifs. </p><p>The reconstruction of Lisbon after the <a href="/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake" title="1755 Lisbon earthquake">great earthquake of 1755</a> gave rise to a more utilitarian role for decoration with <i>azulejos</i>. This bare and functional style would become known as the <a href="/wiki/Pombaline_style" title="Pombaline style">Pombaline style</a>, named after the <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_de_Melo,_Marquis_of_Pombal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastião de Melo, Marquis of Pombal">Marquis of Pombal</a>, who was put in charge of rebuilding the country. Small devotional <i>azulejo</i> panels started to appear on buildings as protection against future disasters. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, a large producer of <a href="/wiki/Talavera_(pottery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talavera (pottery)">Talavera</a>—a Mexican maiolica, there are several instances of the use of azulejos on buildings and mansions. One particular mansion, the <a href="/wiki/Casa_de_los_Azulejos,_Mexico_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Casa de los Azulejos, Mexico City">Casa de los Azulejos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, was built in 1737 for the Count and Countess of El Valle de Orizaba. Ceramic making traditions were imported to Mexico in the early 16th century and have flourished. </p><p>As a reaction, simpler and more delicate <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassical</a> designs started to appear with more subdued colours. These themes were introduced in Portugal by the engravings of Robert and James Adams. The <i>Real Fábrica de Louça do Rato</i>, with the master-designer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sebasti%C3%A3o_In%C3%A1cio_de_Almeida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sebastião Inácio de Almeida (page does not exist)">Sebastião Inácio de Almeida</a> and the painter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_de_Paula_e_Oliveira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco de Paula e Oliveira (page does not exist)">Francisco de Paula e Oliveira</a>, became in this period an important manufacturer of the characteristic so-called <i>Rato</i>-tiles. Another important tile painter in this period was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Jorge_da_Costa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Jorge da Costa (page does not exist)">Francisco Jorge da Costa</a>. </p><p>With great Portuguese influence, the city of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Lu%C3%ADs,_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="São Luís, Maranhão">São Luís</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a>, in Brazil, preserves the largest urban agglomeration of azulejos from the 18th and 19th centuries, throughout Latin America. In 1997, the Historic Center of São Luís was declared a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. São Luís is also known as "Cidade dos Azulejos".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sintra_L1190119_(25141013871).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos of the walls of Sala dos Brasões (ca. 18th century[33]), Sintra National Palace, Portugal"><img alt="Azulejos of the walls of Sala dos Brasões (ca. 18th century[33]), Sintra National Palace, Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Sintra_L1190119_%2825141013871%29.jpg/400px-Sintra_L1190119_%2825141013871%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Sintra_L1190119_%2825141013871%29.jpg/601px-Sintra_L1190119_%2825141013871%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Sintra_L1190119_%2825141013871%29.jpg/800px-Sintra_L1190119_%2825141013871%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2232" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos of the walls of Sala dos Brasões (ca. 18th century<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/Sintra_National_Palace" title="Sintra National Palace">Sintra National Palace</a>, Portugal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_Queluz_Corredor_Mangas2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos in Rococo-style in the Palace of Queluz, Portugal."><img alt="Azulejos in Rococo-style in the Palace of Queluz, Portugal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Palacio_Queluz_Corredor_Mangas2.JPG/169px-Palacio_Queluz_Corredor_Mangas2.JPG" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Palacio_Queluz_Corredor_Mangas2.JPG/253px-Palacio_Queluz_Corredor_Mangas2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Palacio_Queluz_Corredor_Mangas2.JPG/337px-Palacio_Queluz_Corredor_Mangas2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos in Rococo-style in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Queluz" title="Palace of Queluz">Palace of Queluz</a>, Portugal.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Porto.Cathedral17.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albarrada, flower vase by Valentim de Almeida (between 1729 and 1731); Cathedral of Porto, Portugal."><img alt="Albarrada, flower vase by Valentim de Almeida (between 1729 and 1731); Cathedral of Porto, Portugal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Porto.Cathedral17.jpg/169px-Porto.Cathedral17.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Porto.Cathedral17.jpg/253px-Porto.Cathedral17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Porto.Cathedral17.jpg/337px-Porto.Cathedral17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Albarrada, flower vase by Valentim de Almeida (between 1729 and 1731); <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Porto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Porto">Cathedral of Porto</a>, Portugal.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nazar%C3%A906.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos by Willem van der Kloet (1708) in the transept of the Church of Nossa Senhora da Nazaré; Nazaré, Portugal."><img alt="Azulejos by Willem van der Kloet (1708) in the transept of the Church of Nossa Senhora da Nazaré; Nazaré, Portugal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Nazar%C3%A906.jpg/169px-Nazar%C3%A906.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Nazar%C3%A906.jpg/253px-Nazar%C3%A906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Nazar%C3%A906.jpg/337px-Nazar%C3%A906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos by Willem van der Kloet (1708) in the transept of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Nossa_Senhora_da_Nazar%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Nossa Senhora da Nazaré">Church of Nossa Senhora da Nazaré</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nazar%C3%A9_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazaré (Portugal)">Nazaré</a>, Portugal.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 140.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 138.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cath%C3%A9drale_Santa_Maria_Maior_de_Lisbonne_avant_1755.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos of the Lisbon Cathedral, ca. 1755.[34]"><img alt="Azulejos of the Lisbon Cathedral, ca. 1755.[34]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Cath%C3%A9drale_Santa_Maria_Maior_de_Lisbonne_avant_1755.jpg/208px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Santa_Maria_Maior_de_Lisbonne_avant_1755.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Cath%C3%A9drale_Santa_Maria_Maior_de_Lisbonne_avant_1755.jpg/312px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Santa_Maria_Maior_de_Lisbonne_avant_1755.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Cath%C3%A9drale_Santa_Maria_Maior_de_Lisbonne_avant_1755.jpg/415px-Cath%C3%A9drale_Santa_Maria_Maior_de_Lisbonne_avant_1755.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="809" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos of the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Cathedral" title="Lisbon Cathedral">Lisbon Cathedral</a>, ca. 1755.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%93bidos_-_Varanda_(5414515924).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos vault in Óbidos, Portugal."><img alt="Azulejos vault in Óbidos, Portugal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%C3%93bidos_-_Varanda_%285414515924%29.jpg/338px-%C3%93bidos_-_Varanda_%285414515924%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%C3%93bidos_-_Varanda_%285414515924%29.jpg/508px-%C3%93bidos_-_Varanda_%285414515924%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/%C3%93bidos_-_Varanda_%285414515924%29.jpg/676px-%C3%93bidos_-_Varanda_%285414515924%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos vault in Óbidos, Portugal.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IgrejaMatrizCambra.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Checkered azulejos on the façade of the Igreja Matriz de Cambra, Vouzela, Portugal"><img alt="Checkered azulejos on the façade of the Igreja Matriz de Cambra, Vouzela, Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/IgrejaMatrizCambra.jpg/169px-IgrejaMatrizCambra.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/IgrejaMatrizCambra.jpg/253px-IgrejaMatrizCambra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/IgrejaMatrizCambra.jpg/337px-IgrejaMatrizCambra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Checkered azulejos on the façade of the Igreja Matriz de Cambra, <a href="/wiki/Vouzela" title="Vouzela">Vouzela</a>, Portugal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisboa,_Mosteiro_dos_Jer%C3%B3nimos,_refeit%C3%B3rio,_azulejos_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos (ca. 1785[35]) of refrectory of Jerónimos Monastery, Lisbon"><img alt="Azulejos (ca. 1785[35]) of refrectory of Jerónimos Monastery, Lisbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lisboa%2C_Mosteiro_dos_Jer%C3%B3nimos%2C_refeit%C3%B3rio%2C_azulejos_%282%29.jpg/339px-Lisboa%2C_Mosteiro_dos_Jer%C3%B3nimos%2C_refeit%C3%B3rio%2C_azulejos_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lisboa%2C_Mosteiro_dos_Jer%C3%B3nimos%2C_refeit%C3%B3rio%2C_azulejos_%282%29.jpg/509px-Lisboa%2C_Mosteiro_dos_Jer%C3%B3nimos%2C_refeit%C3%B3rio%2C_azulejos_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lisboa%2C_Mosteiro_dos_Jer%C3%B3nimos%2C_refeit%C3%B3rio%2C_azulejos_%282%29.jpg/678px-Lisboa%2C_Mosteiro_dos_Jer%C3%B3nimos%2C_refeit%C3%B3rio%2C_azulejos_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos (ca. 1785<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) of refrectory of <a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimos_Monastery" title="Jerónimos Monastery">Jerónimos Monastery</a>, Lisbon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alcoba%C3%A7a_-_Mosteiro_de_Alcoba%C3%A7a_10_(22994623339).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos (ca. 18th century[36]) of the Alcobaça Monastery"><img alt="Azulejos (ca. 18th century[36]) of the Alcobaça Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Alcoba%C3%A7a_-_Mosteiro_de_Alcoba%C3%A7a_10_%2822994623339%29.jpg/300px-Alcoba%C3%A7a_-_Mosteiro_de_Alcoba%C3%A7a_10_%2822994623339%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Alcoba%C3%A7a_-_Mosteiro_de_Alcoba%C3%A7a_10_%2822994623339%29.jpg/451px-Alcoba%C3%A7a_-_Mosteiro_de_Alcoba%C3%A7a_10_%2822994623339%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Alcoba%C3%A7a_-_Mosteiro_de_Alcoba%C3%A7a_10_%2822994623339%29.jpg/600px-Alcoba%C3%A7a_-_Mosteiro_de_Alcoba%C3%A7a_10_%2822994623339%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos (ca. 18th century<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) of the <a href="/wiki/Alcoba%C3%A7a_Monastery" title="Alcobaça Monastery">Alcobaça Monastery</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Igreja_da_Miseric%C3%B3rdia_de_Tavira_-_Azulejos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos (ca. 1760) of Igreja da Misericórdia, Tavira, Portugal"><img alt="Azulejos (ca. 1760) of Igreja da Misericórdia, Tavira, Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Igreja_da_Miseric%C3%B3rdia_de_Tavira_-_Azulejos.jpg/336px-Igreja_da_Miseric%C3%B3rdia_de_Tavira_-_Azulejos.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Igreja_da_Miseric%C3%B3rdia_de_Tavira_-_Azulejos.jpg/505px-Igreja_da_Miseric%C3%B3rdia_de_Tavira_-_Azulejos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Igreja_da_Miseric%C3%B3rdia_de_Tavira_-_Azulejos.jpg/672px-Igreja_da_Miseric%C3%B3rdia_de_Tavira_-_Azulejos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos (ca. 1760) of <a href="/wiki/Igreja_da_Miseric%C3%B3rdia_de_Tavira" title="Igreja da Misericórdia de Tavira">Igreja da Misericórdia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tavira" title="Tavira">Tavira</a>, Portugal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gand%C3%ADa_(23980380357).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Galería Dorada (c. early-18th century[37]), Ducal Palace of Gandia, Gandia, Spain"><img alt="Galería Dorada (c. early-18th century[37]), Ducal Palace of Gandia, Gandia, Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gand%C3%ADa_%2823980380357%29.jpg/300px-Gand%C3%ADa_%2823980380357%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gand%C3%ADa_%2823980380357%29.jpg/451px-Gand%C3%ADa_%2823980380357%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gand%C3%ADa_%2823980380357%29.jpg/600px-Gand%C3%ADa_%2823980380357%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Galería Dorada (c. early-18th century<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/Ducal_Palace_of_Gandia" title="Ducal Palace of Gandia">Ducal Palace of Gandia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gandia" title="Gandia">Gandia</a>, Spain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Azulejos-bahia2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Convent of Saint-Francis, 1702, Salvador de Bahia, Brazil."><img alt="Convent of Saint-Francis, 1702, Salvador de Bahia, Brazil." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Azulejos-bahia2.jpg/363px-Azulejos-bahia2.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Azulejos-bahia2.jpg/545px-Azulejos-bahia2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Azulejos-bahia2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="434" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Convent of Saint-Francis, 1702, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_(Bahia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador (Bahia)">Salvador de Bahia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_de_Azulejos_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Casa de los Azulejos palace, ca. 1737,[38] Mexico City, Mexico."><img alt="Casa de los Azulejos palace, ca. 1737,[38] Mexico City, Mexico." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Casa_de_Azulejos_3.jpg/338px-Casa_de_Azulejos_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Casa_de_Azulejos_3.jpg/507px-Casa_de_Azulejos_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Casa_de_Azulejos_3.jpg/675px-Casa_de_Azulejos_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5375" data-file-height="3583" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_los_Azulejos" title="Casa de los Azulejos">Casa de los Azulejos</a> palace, ca. 1737,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_de_la_Fachada_del_Templo_de_San_Francisco_Acatepec_9.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos of the facade made between 1650 and 1750[39] with Talavera pottery. Church of San Francisco Acatepec in San Andrés Cholula, Mexico."><img alt="Azulejos of the facade made between 1650 and 1750[39] with Talavera pottery. Church of San Francisco Acatepec in San Andrés Cholula, Mexico." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Vista_de_la_Fachada_del_Templo_de_San_Francisco_Acatepec_9.jpg/169px-Vista_de_la_Fachada_del_Templo_de_San_Francisco_Acatepec_9.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Vista_de_la_Fachada_del_Templo_de_San_Francisco_Acatepec_9.jpg/253px-Vista_de_la_Fachada_del_Templo_de_San_Francisco_Acatepec_9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Vista_de_la_Fachada_del_Templo_de_San_Francisco_Acatepec_9.jpg/337px-Vista_de_la_Fachada_del_Templo_de_San_Francisco_Acatepec_9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos of the facade made between 1650 and 1750<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Talavera_pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Talavera pottery">Talavera pottery</a>. <a href="/wiki/Church_of_San_Francisco_Acatepec" title="Church of San Francisco Acatepec">Church of San Francisco Acatepec</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Andr%C3%A9s_Cholula,_Puebla" title="San Andrés Cholula, Puebla">San Andrés Cholula</a>, Mexico.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 411.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 409.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_Lisboa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Large panel showing the Terreiro do Paço and Lisbon before the 1755 earthquake. ca. 18th century. National Museum of the Azulejo, Lisbon"><img alt="Large panel showing the Terreiro do Paço and Lisbon before the 1755 earthquake. ca. 18th century. National Museum of the Azulejo, Lisbon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_Lisboa.jpg/614px-Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_Lisboa.jpg" decoding="async" width="410" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_Lisboa.jpg/923px-Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_Lisboa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_Lisboa.jpg/1228px-Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_Lisboa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="950" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Large panel showing the <a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_do_Com%C3%A9rcio" title="Praça do Comércio">Terreiro do Paço</a> and Lisbon before the 1755 earthquake. ca. 18th century. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Azulejo" title="National Museum of the Azulejo">National Museum of the Azulejo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Raio_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palácio do Raio in Braga, Portugal"><img alt="Palácio do Raio in Braga, Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Raio_4.jpg/169px-Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Raio_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Raio_4.jpg/253px-Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Raio_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Raio_4.jpg/337px-Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Raio_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1cio_do_Raio" class="mw-redirect" title="Palácio do Raio">Palácio do Raio</a> in <a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a>, Portugal</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the first half of the 19th century, there was a stagnation in the production of decorative tiles, owing first to the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">incursion of the Napoleonic army</a> and later to social and economic changes. When around 1840 immigrant Brazilians started an industrialized production in <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, the Portuguese took over the Brazilian fashion of decorating the façades of their houses with <i>azulejos</i>. While these factories produces high-relief tiles in one or two colours, the Lisbon factories started using another method: the <a href="/wiki/Transfer-print" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer-print">transfer-print</a> method on blue-and-white or polychrome <i>azulejos</i>. In the last decades of the 19th century, the Lisbon factories started to use another type of transfer-printing: using <a href="/wiki/Creamware" title="Creamware">creamware</a> blanks. </p><p>While these industrialized methods produced simple, stylized designs, the art of hand-painting tiles was not dead, as applied by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Joaquim_de_Jesus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Joaquim de Jesus (page does not exist)">Manuel Joaquim de Jesus</a> and especially <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu%C3%ADs_Ferreira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luís Ferreira (page does not exist)">Luís Ferreira</a>. Luis Ferreira was the director of the Lisbon factory Viúva Lamego and covered the whole façade of this factory with allegorical scenes. He produced panels, known as <i>Ferreira das Tabuletas</i>, with flower vases, trees, and allegorical figures, applying the <a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">trompe-l'œil</a> technique. These hand-painted panels are fine examples of the eclectic Romantic culture of the late 19th century. </p><p>Mid-19th century, in England, in addition to encaustic tiles and mosaics, the Mintons factory also produced azulejos.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fachada_de_azulejos_-_Lisboa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Casa do Ferreira das Tabuletas, in Rua da Trindade, Lisbon, building built between 1849 and 1865 with its respective trompe-l'œil azulejos in the facade."><img alt="Casa do Ferreira das Tabuletas, in Rua da Trindade, Lisbon, building built between 1849 and 1865 with its respective trompe-l'œil azulejos in the facade." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Fachada_de_azulejos_-_Lisboa.jpg/300px-Fachada_de_azulejos_-_Lisboa.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Fachada_de_azulejos_-_Lisboa.jpg/451px-Fachada_de_azulejos_-_Lisboa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Fachada_de_azulejos_-_Lisboa.jpg/600px-Fachada_de_azulejos_-_Lisboa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Casa do Ferreira das Tabuletas, in Rua da Trindade, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, building built between 1849 and 1865 with its respective <i><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">trompe-l'œil</a></i> azulejos in the facade.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 236.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 234.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AzulejoPal%C3%A1cioHoteldoBu%C3%A7aco2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos at Buçaco Palace, in Mealhada, Portugal."><img alt="Azulejos at Buçaco Palace, in Mealhada, Portugal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/AzulejoPal%C3%A1cioHoteldoBu%C3%A7aco2.jpg/352px-AzulejoPal%C3%A1cioHoteldoBu%C3%A7aco2.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/AzulejoPal%C3%A1cioHoteldoBu%C3%A7aco2.jpg/529px-AzulejoPal%C3%A1cioHoteldoBu%C3%A7aco2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/AzulejoPal%C3%A1cioHoteldoBu%C3%A7aco2.jpg/704px-AzulejoPal%C3%A1cioHoteldoBu%C3%A7aco2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4085" data-file-height="2613" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos at <a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%A7aco_Palace" title="Buçaco Palace">Buçaco Palace</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Mealhada" title="Mealhada">Mealhada</a>, Portugal.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 330px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 328px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aveiro_Azulejo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Façade of a grand house in Aveiro, Portugal."><img alt="Façade of a grand house in Aveiro, Portugal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Aveiro_Azulejo.jpg/492px-Aveiro_Azulejo.jpg" decoding="async" width="328" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Aveiro_Azulejo.jpg/739px-Aveiro_Azulejo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Aveiro_Azulejo.jpg/983px-Aveiro_Azulejo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5492" data-file-height="2515" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Façade of a grand house in Aveiro, Portugal.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Talavera_de_la_Reina_-_Jardines_del_Prado_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jardines del Prado garden in Talavera de la Reina, Spain. Built in 1864.[41]"><img alt="Jardines del Prado garden in Talavera de la Reina, Spain. Built in 1864.[41]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Talavera_de_la_Reina_-_Jardines_del_Prado_22.jpg/169px-Talavera_de_la_Reina_-_Jardines_del_Prado_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Talavera_de_la_Reina_-_Jardines_del_Prado_22.jpg/253px-Talavera_de_la_Reina_-_Jardines_del_Prado_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Talavera_de_la_Reina_-_Jardines_del_Prado_22.jpg/337px-Talavera_de_la_Reina_-_Jardines_del_Prado_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jardines del Prado garden in <a href="/wiki/Talavera_de_la_Reina" title="Talavera de la Reina">Talavera de la Reina</a>, Spain. Built in 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FacadeUriartePuebla.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Uriarte Talavera, ca. 1824, Puebla, Mexico"><img alt="Uriarte Talavera, ca. 1824, Puebla, Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/FacadeUriartePuebla.JPG/291px-FacadeUriartePuebla.JPG" decoding="async" width="194" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/FacadeUriartePuebla.JPG/436px-FacadeUriartePuebla.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/FacadeUriartePuebla.JPG/581px-FacadeUriartePuebla.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3346" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Uriarte_Talavera" title="Uriarte Talavera">Uriarte Talavera</a>, ca. 1824, <a href="/wiki/Puebla" title="Puebla">Puebla</a>, Mexico</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 101.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 99.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Streets_of_Macau_(6993777227).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese Azulejos in Macau"><img alt="Portuguese Azulejos in Macau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Streets_of_Macau_%286993777227%29.jpg/149px-Streets_of_Macau_%286993777227%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Streets_of_Macau_%286993777227%29.jpg/224px-Streets_of_Macau_%286993777227%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Streets_of_Macau_%286993777227%29.jpg/299px-Streets_of_Macau_%286993777227%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2361" data-file-height="3554" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese Azulejos in <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_ship_with_port_arriving_in_Newfoundland_in_1892_(27561193516).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese Azulejo depicting the arrival of a ship with Port wine cargo in St. John's, Canada, 1892"><img alt="Portuguese Azulejo depicting the arrival of a ship with Port wine cargo in St. John's, Canada, 1892" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/A_ship_with_port_arriving_in_Newfoundland_in_1892_%2827561193516%29.jpg/339px-A_ship_with_port_arriving_in_Newfoundland_in_1892_%2827561193516%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/A_ship_with_port_arriving_in_Newfoundland_in_1892_%2827561193516%29.jpg/509px-A_ship_with_port_arriving_in_Newfoundland_in_1892_%2827561193516%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/A_ship_with_port_arriving_in_Newfoundland_in_1892_%2827561193516%29.jpg/678px-A_ship_with_port_arriving_in_Newfoundland_in_1892_%2827561193516%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese Azulejo depicting the arrival of a ship with <a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">Port wine</a> cargo in <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. John's</a>, Canada, 1892</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the start of the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> azulejos started to appear from artists such as <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Bordalo_Pinheiro" title="Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro">Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_C%C3%A9sar_da_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="Júlio César da Silva">Júlio César da Silva</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Ant%C3%B3nio_Jorge_Pinto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José António Jorge Pinto (page does not exist)">José António Jorge Pinto</a>. In 1885 Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro founded a <a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">ceramics</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/Caldas_da_Rainha" title="Caldas da Rainha">Caldas da Rainha</a>, where he created many of the pottery designs for which this city is known. In this factory he has his own a museum São Rafael devoted to his fantastically imaginative work, especially the decorative plates and his satirical stone figures, such as the <i>Zé Povinho</i> (a representation of the worrying common man). </p><p>Around the 1930s, <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a>-azulejos made their appearance with their principal artist António Costa. The monumental decorations, consisting of 20,000 azulejos, in the vestibule of the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Bento_Train_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="São Bento Train Station">São Bento railway station</a> in Porto, created by <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Cola%C3%A7o" title="Jorge Colaço">Jorge Colaço</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-portugalvisitor_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-portugalvisitor-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> show in its historical themes the narrative style of the romantic 'picture-postcard'. This one of the most notable creations with <i>azulejos</i> of the 20th century. The façades of the churches of Santo Ildefonso and Congregados equally attest to the artistic mastery of Jorge Colaço. Other artists from this period include <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1rio_Branco" title="Mário Branco">Mário Branco</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvestre_Silvestri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silvestre Silvestri (page does not exist)">Silvestre Silvestri</a>, who decorated in 1912 the lateral façade of the Carmo Church, and <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Leite" title="Eduardo Leite">Eduardo Leite</a> for his work on the Almas Chapel (imitating the style of the 18th century), both in Porto. </p><p>20th-century artists include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Barradas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorge Barradas (page does not exist)">Jorge Barradas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Botelho" title="Carlos Botelho">Carlos Botelho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Martins" title="Jorge Martins">Jorge Martins</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1_Nogueira" title="Sá Nogueira">Sá Nogueira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menez" title="Menez">Menez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paula_Rego" title="Paula Rego">Paula Rego</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Keil" title="Maria Keil">Maria Keil</a> designed the large abstract panels in the initial nineteen stations of the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Metro" title="Lisbon Metro">Lisbon Underground</a> (between 1957 and 1972). Through these works she became a driving force in the revival and the updating of the art of the <i>azulejo</i>, which had gone in some decline. Her decorations of the station <i>Intendente</i> is considered a masterpiece of contemporary <a href="/wiki/Tile_art" title="Tile art">tile art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Museu_Nacional_do_Azulejo" class="mw-redirect" title="Museu Nacional do Azulejo">Museu Nacional do Azulejo</a> in Lisbon houses the largest collection of Portuguese tiles in the world. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_de_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_(10).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inside the Grace Cathedral, São Tomé"><img alt="Inside the Grace Cathedral, São Tomé" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_de_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_%2810%29.jpg/150px-Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_de_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_%2810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_de_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_%2810%29.jpg/225px-Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_de_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_%2810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_de_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_%2810%29.jpg/300px-Int%C3%A9rieur_de_la_cath%C3%A9drale_de_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_%2810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inside the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Grace_Cathedral,_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="Our Lady of Grace Cathedral, São Tomé">Grace Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="São Tomé">São Tomé</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goelbench06390140.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Park Güell, Barcelona, of 1914."><img alt="Park Güell, Barcelona, of 1914." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Goelbench06390140.JPG/301px-Goelbench06390140.JPG" decoding="async" width="201" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Goelbench06390140.JPG/452px-Goelbench06390140.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Goelbench06390140.JPG/602px-Goelbench06390140.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Park_G%C3%BCell" title="Park Güell">Park Güell</a>, Barcelona, of 1914.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 261.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 259.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patos_19.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="One of the several tiled benches of the Plaza 25 de Julio built in 1917,[44] Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands"><img alt="One of the several tiled benches of the Plaza 25 de Julio built in 1917,[44] Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Patos_19.jpg/389px-Patos_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Patos_19.jpg/584px-Patos_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Patos_19.jpg/778px-Patos_19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5111" data-file-height="2959" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">One of the several tiled benches of the Plaza 25 de Julio built in 1917,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a>, Canary Islands</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Font_de_Santa_Anna,_detall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos made in 1918 in Font de Santa Anna, Barcelona"><img alt="Azulejos made in 1918 in Font de Santa Anna, Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Font_de_Santa_Anna%2C_detall.jpg/169px-Font_de_Santa_Anna%2C_detall.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Font_de_Santa_Anna%2C_detall.jpg/253px-Font_de_Santa_Anna%2C_detall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Font_de_Santa_Anna%2C_detall.jpg/337px-Font_de_Santa_Anna%2C_detall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos made in 1918 in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Font_de_Santa_Anna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Font de Santa Anna (page does not exist)">Font de Santa Anna</a>, Barcelona</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panel by Jorge Colaço (circa 1922) depicting an episode from the battle of Aljubarrota (1385) between the Portuguese and Castilian armies, Lisbon, Portugal."><img alt="Panel by Jorge Colaço (circa 1922) depicting an episode from the battle of Aljubarrota (1385) between the Portuguese and Castilian armies, Lisbon, Portugal." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg/181px-Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg/272px-Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg/362px-Azulejos_Parque_Eduardo_VII-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2387" data-file-height="2966" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Panel by Jorge Colaço (circa 1922) depicting an episode from the battle of <a href="/wiki/Aljubarrota" title="Aljubarrota">Aljubarrota</a> (1385) between the Portuguese and <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castilian</a> armies, <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ABC_BLANCO_Y_NEGRO_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="ABC Serrano Building built by Aníbal González in 1926, Madrid"><img alt="ABC Serrano Building built by Aníbal González in 1926, Madrid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ABC_BLANCO_Y_NEGRO_%282%29.jpg/300px-ABC_BLANCO_Y_NEGRO_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ABC_BLANCO_Y_NEGRO_%282%29.jpg/451px-ABC_BLANCO_Y_NEGRO_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ABC_BLANCO_Y_NEGRO_%282%29.jpg/600px-ABC_BLANCO_Y_NEGRO_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">ABC Serrano Building built by <a href="/wiki/An%C3%ADbal_Gonz%C3%A1lez_%C3%81lvarez-Ossorio" title="Aníbal González Álvarez-Ossorio">Aníbal González</a> in 1926, Madrid</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PlazaEspanaBancos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plaza de España, Seville, of 1928."><img alt="Plaza de España, Seville, of 1928." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/PlazaEspanaBancos.jpg/301px-PlazaEspanaBancos.jpg" decoding="async" width="201" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/PlazaEspanaBancos.jpg/452px-PlazaEspanaBancos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/PlazaEspanaBancos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a,_Seville" title="Plaza de España, Seville">Plaza de España, Seville</a>, of 1928.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Capela_das_Almas_(Porto).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Capela de Santa Catarina, Porto; façade was covered in 1929."><img alt="Capela de Santa Catarina, Porto; façade was covered in 1929." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Capela_das_Almas_%28Porto%29.jpg/235px-Capela_das_Almas_%28Porto%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Capela_das_Almas_%28Porto%29.jpg/352px-Capela_das_Almas_%28Porto%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Capela_das_Almas_%28Porto%29.jpg/469px-Capela_das_Almas_%28Porto%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1918" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Capela de Santa Catarina, Porto; façade was covered in 1929.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 244.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 242.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panel,_Ermera,_Timor-Leste_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese Azulejos depicting the image of Our Lady of Fátima, Ermera, East Timor."><img alt="Portuguese Azulejos depicting the image of Our Lady of Fátima, Ermera, East Timor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Panel%2C_Ermera%2C_Timor-Leste_-_panoramio.jpg/364px-Panel%2C_Ermera%2C_Timor-Leste_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="243" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Panel%2C_Ermera%2C_Timor-Leste_-_panoramio.jpg/546px-Panel%2C_Ermera%2C_Timor-Leste_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Panel%2C_Ermera%2C_Timor-Leste_-_panoramio.jpg/727px-Panel%2C_Ermera%2C_Timor-Leste_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="634" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese Azulejos depicting the image of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Our Lady of Fátima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ermera" title="Ermera">Ermera</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Covilha-CCBY.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Santa Maria Church in Covilhã; façade was covered in the 1940s."><img alt="Santa Maria Church in Covilhã; façade was covered in the 1940s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Covilha-CCBY.jpg/145px-Covilha-CCBY.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Covilha-CCBY.jpg/218px-Covilha-CCBY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Covilha-CCBY.jpg/291px-Covilha-CCBY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2398" data-file-height="3711" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Santa Maria Church in <a href="/wiki/Covilh%C3%A3" title="Covilhã">Covilhã</a>; façade was covered in the 1940s.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Noveau.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Art Nouveau azulejos on a shop in Porto."><img alt="Art Nouveau azulejos on a shop in Porto." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Art_Noveau.jpg/169px-Art_Noveau.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Art_Noveau.jpg/253px-Art_Noveau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Art_Noveau.jpg/337px-Art_Noveau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Art Nouveau azulejos on a shop in Porto.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 120.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 118.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Azulejo_Moderno_-_Iglesia_de_San_Juan_Bautista_de_Chiva_-_Valencia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iglesia de San Juan Bautista de Chiva, Valencia."><img alt="Iglesia de San Juan Bautista de Chiva, Valencia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Azulejo_Moderno_-_Iglesia_de_San_Juan_Bautista_de_Chiva_-_Valencia.jpg/178px-Azulejo_Moderno_-_Iglesia_de_San_Juan_Bautista_de_Chiva_-_Valencia.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Azulejo_Moderno_-_Iglesia_de_San_Juan_Bautista_de_Chiva_-_Valencia.jpg/267px-Azulejo_Moderno_-_Iglesia_de_San_Juan_Bautista_de_Chiva_-_Valencia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Azulejo_Moderno_-_Iglesia_de_San_Juan_Bautista_de_Chiva_-_Valencia.jpg/356px-Azulejo_Moderno_-_Iglesia_de_San_Juan_Bautista_de_Chiva_-_Valencia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="3186" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Iglesia de San Juan Bautista de <a href="/wiki/Chiva,_Valencia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiva, Valencia">Chiva</a>, Valencia.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parede_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Interior of the São Bento railway station, Porto, Portugal, around twenty thousand tiles (551 square meters) installed in the building were created in the 1930s by the painter Jorge Colaço.[42]"><img alt="Interior of the São Bento railway station, Porto, Portugal, around twenty thousand tiles (551 square meters) installed in the building were created in the 1930s by the painter Jorge Colaço.[42]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Parede_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento.jpg/300px-Parede_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Parede_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento.jpg/451px-Parede_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Parede_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento.jpg/601px-Parede_da_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_S%C3%A3o_Bento.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1596" data-file-height="1196" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Interior of the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Bento_Train_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="São Bento Train Station">São Bento railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>, Portugal, around twenty thousand tiles (551 square meters) installed in the building were created in the 1930s by the painter <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Cola%C3%A7o" title="Jorge Colaço">Jorge Colaço</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-portugalvisitor_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-portugalvisitor-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adding_some_blue_to_my_collection_azulejos.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese Azulejos, at the Instituto Menezes Bragança, in the former Portuguese colony in India, Goa."><img alt="Portuguese Azulejos, at the Instituto Menezes Bragança, in the former Portuguese colony in India, Goa." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Adding_some_blue_to_my_collection_azulejos.jpg/169px-Adding_some_blue_to_my_collection_azulejos.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Adding_some_blue_to_my_collection_azulejos.jpg/253px-Adding_some_blue_to_my_collection_azulejos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Adding_some_blue_to_my_collection_azulejos.jpg/337px-Adding_some_blue_to_my_collection_azulejos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese Azulejos, at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_Menezes_Braganza" title="Institute Menezes Braganza">Instituto Menezes Bragança</a>, in the former Portuguese colony in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fonteparcduportugal.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Azulejos in Parc du Portugal, founded in 1953,[45] Little Portugal, Montreal, Canada"><img alt="Azulejos in Parc du Portugal, founded in 1953,[45] Little Portugal, Montreal, Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fonteparcduportugal.JPG/169px-Fonteparcduportugal.JPG" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fonteparcduportugal.JPG/253px-Fonteparcduportugal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fonteparcduportugal.JPG/337px-Fonteparcduportugal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Azulejos in Parc du Portugal, founded in 1953,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Little_Portugal,_Montreal" title="Little Portugal, Montreal">Little Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Canada</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Embaixada_de_Portugal_em_Bissau_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portuguese Azulejos in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau"><img alt="Portuguese Azulejos in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Embaixada_de_Portugal_em_Bissau_03.jpg/400px-Embaixada_de_Portugal_em_Bissau_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Embaixada_de_Portugal_em_Bissau_03.jpg/601px-Embaixada_de_Portugal_em_Bissau_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Embaixada_de_Portugal_em_Bissau_03.jpg/800px-Embaixada_de_Portugal_em_Bissau_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Portuguese Azulejos in <a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a>, Guinea-Bissau</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Recreation_Park_bandshell.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Californian Azulejos, at one of the Long Beach Historic Landmarks, Recreation Park bandshell, US"><img alt="Californian Azulejos, at one of the Long Beach Historic Landmarks, Recreation Park bandshell, US" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Recreation_Park_bandshell.jpg/300px-Recreation_Park_bandshell.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Recreation_Park_bandshell.jpg/451px-Recreation_Park_bandshell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Recreation_Park_bandshell.jpg/600px-Recreation_Park_bandshell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Californian Azulejos, at one of the <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a> Historic Landmarks, <a href="/wiki/Recreation_Park_(Long_Beach,_California)" title="Recreation Park (Long Beach, California)">Recreation Park bandshell</a>, US</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lady_of_Fatima_tiles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luso-American Azulejos depicts an image of Our Lady of Fátima, in The Ironbound, Newark, United States"><img alt="Luso-American Azulejos depicts an image of Our Lady of Fátima, in The Ironbound, Newark, United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Lady_of_Fatima_tiles.jpg/169px-Lady_of_Fatima_tiles.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Lady_of_Fatima_tiles.jpg/253px-Lady_of_Fatima_tiles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Lady_of_Fatima_tiles.jpg/337px-Lady_of_Fatima_tiles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Luso-American</a> Azulejos depicts an image of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Our Lady of Fátima</a>, in <a href="/wiki/The_Ironbound" title="The Ironbound">The Ironbound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>, United States</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 160.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cer%C3%A0mica_de_Manises_(Rajola_de_Val%C3%A8ncia)._Espai_p%C3%BAblic_d%27Alginet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manises tile, in Alginet"><img alt="Manises tile, in Alginet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cer%C3%A0mica_de_Manises_%28Rajola_de_Val%C3%A8ncia%29._Espai_p%C3%BAblic_d%27Alginet.jpg/238px-Cer%C3%A0mica_de_Manises_%28Rajola_de_Val%C3%A8ncia%29._Espai_p%C3%BAblic_d%27Alginet.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cer%C3%A0mica_de_Manises_%28Rajola_de_Val%C3%A8ncia%29._Espai_p%C3%BAblic_d%27Alginet.jpg/357px-Cer%C3%A0mica_de_Manises_%28Rajola_de_Val%C3%A8ncia%29._Espai_p%C3%BAblic_d%27Alginet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cer%C3%A0mica_de_Manises_%28Rajola_de_Val%C3%A8ncia%29._Espai_p%C3%BAblic_d%27Alginet.jpg/476px-Cer%C3%A0mica_de_Manises_%28Rajola_de_Val%C3%A8ncia%29._Espai_p%C3%BAblic_d%27Alginet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="897" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Manises" title="Manises">Manises</a> tile, in <a href="/wiki/Alginet" title="Alginet">Alginet</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Porto40.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="21st-century azulejos (Porto)"><img alt="21st-century azulejos (Porto)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Porto40.JPG/300px-Porto40.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Porto40.JPG/451px-Porto40.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Porto40.JPG/600px-Porto40.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">21st-century azulejos (<a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a>)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lisbon_Metro">Lisbon Metro</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lisbon Metro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Azulejo tiles are present in almost every station in the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Metro" title="Lisbon Metro">Lisbon Metro</a> system. Initially, painter <a href="/wiki/Maria_Keil" title="Maria Keil">Maria Keil</a> (1914–2012), wife of metro system architect <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Keil_do_Amaral" title="Francisco Keil do Amaral">Francisco Keil do Amaral</a> (1910–1975) created the works for the Metro stations. </p><p>A new expansion, completed in 1988, featured works by more contemporary Portuguese artists: Rolando de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1_Nogueira" title="Sá Nogueira">Sá Nogueira</a> in Laranjeiras, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_Pomar" title="Júlio Pomar">Júlio Pomar</a> in Alto dos Moinhos, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cargaleiro" title="Manuel Cargaleiro">Manuel Cargaleiro</a> in <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A9gio_Militar/Luz_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colégio Militar/Luz (Lisbon Metro)">Colégio Militar/Luz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Helena_Vieira_da_Silva" title="Maria Helena Vieira da Silva">Maria Helena Vieira da Silva</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cidade_Universit%C3%A1ria" title="Cidade Universitária">Cidade Universitária</a>. Following on from this, many artists have been commissioned to decorate new and refurbished stations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pieces">Pieces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pieces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Station</b> </td> <td><b>Line</b> </td> <td><b>Artist(s) and date of completion</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alameda_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alameda (Lisbon Metro)">Alameda</a> </td> <td>Green </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1972, & Noronha da Costa,1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alameda_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alameda (Lisbon Metro)">Alameda</a> </td> <td>Red </td> <td>Costa Pinheiro, Alberto Carneiro, & Juahana Bloomstedt, 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfornelos_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfornelos (Lisbon Metro)">Alfornelos</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ana_Vidigal" title="Ana Vidigal">Ana Vidigal</a>, 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alto_dos_Moinhos_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alto dos Moinhos (Lisbon Metro)">Alto dos Moinhos</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>Júlio Pomar, 1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alvalade_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvalade (Lisbon Metro)">Alvalade</a> </td> <td>Green </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1972, Bela Silva, 2006, & Maria Keil, 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amadora_Este_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadora Este (Lisbon Metro)">Amadora Este</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Morais" title="Graça Morais">Graça Morais</a>, 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ameixoeira_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ameixoeira (Lisbon Metro)">Ameixoeira</a> </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td>Irene Buarque, 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anjos_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anjos (Lisbon Metro)">Anjos</a> </td> <td>Green </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1966 & Rogério Ribeiro, 1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Areeiro_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Areeiro (Lisbon Metro)">Areeiro</a> </td> <td>Green </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1972 & Júlia Ventura, 2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arroios_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arroios (Lisbon Metro)">Arroios</a> </td> <td>Green </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1972 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Avenida_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avenida (Lisbon Metro)">Avenida</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>Rogério Ribeiro, 1959, 1982 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baixa-Chiado_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baixa-Chiado (Lisbon Metro)">Baixa-Chiado</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>Ângelo de Sousa, 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baixa-Chiado_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baixa-Chiado (Lisbon Metro)">Baixa-Chiado</a> </td> <td>Green </td> <td>Ângelo de Sousa, 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bela_Vista_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bela Vista (Lisbon Metro)">Bela Vista</a> </td> <td>Red </td> <td>Querubim Lapa, 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Ruivo_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabo Ruivo (Lisbon Metro)">Cabo Ruivo</a> </td> <td>Red </td> <td>David de Almeida, 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cais_do_Sodr%C3%A9_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cais do Sodré (Lisbon Metro)">Cais do Sodré</a> </td> <td>Green </td> <td>António Dacosta, 1998 & Pedro Morais, 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Campo_Grande_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Campo Grande (Lisbon Metro)">Campo Grande</a> </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td>Eduardo Nery, 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Campo_Grande_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Campo Grande (Lisbon Metro)">Campo Grande</a> </td> <td>Green </td> <td>Eduardo Nery, 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Campo_Pequeno_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Campo Pequeno (Lisbon Metro)">Campo Pequeno</a> </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1959, 1979, & Francisco Simões, 1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnide_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnide (Lisbon Metro)">Carnide</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>José de Guimarães, 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chelas_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelas (Lisbon Metro)">Chelas</a> </td> <td>Red </td> <td>Jorge Martins, 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cidade_Universit%C3%A1ria_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cidade Universitária (Lisbon Metro)">Cidade Universitária</a> </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td>Manuel Cargaleiro (Transposition in azulejo of a 1940 painting by Vieira da Silva), 1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A9gio_Militar/Luz_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colégio Militar/Luz (Lisbon Metro)">Colégio Militar/Luz</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>Manuel Cargaleiro, 1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Entre_Campos_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Entre Campos (Lisbon Metro)">Entre Campos</a> </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1959, 1973, & Bartolomeu Cid dos Santos, 1993, & José de Santa Bárbara, 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Intendente_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Intendente (Lisbon Metro)">Intendente</a> </td> <td>Green </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1966 e 1977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jardim_Zool%C3%B3gico_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jardim Zoológico (Lisbon Metro)">Jardim Zoológico</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1959 & Júlio Resende, 1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laranjeiras_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laranjeiras (Lisbon Metro)">Laranjeiras</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>Rolando Sá Nogueira (in collaboration with Fernando Conduto) 1988 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lumiar_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumiar (Lisbon Metro)">Lumiar</a> </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td>António Moutinho, Marta Lima, & Susete Rebelo, 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquês de Pombal (Lisbon Metro)">Marquês de Pombal</a> </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Menez_(painter)" title="Menez (painter)">Menez</a>, 1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Pombal_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquês de Pombal (Lisbon Metro)">Marquês de Pombal</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>Maria Keil, João Cutileiro, & Charters de Almeida, 1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Martim_Moniz_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Martim Moniz (Lisbon Metro)">Martim Moniz</a> </td> <td>Green </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1966, & Gracinda Candeias, 1997, & José João Brito, 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moscavide_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscavide (Lisbon Metro)">Moscavide</a> </td> <td>Red </td> <td>Manuel Bastos, 2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Olivais_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivais (Lisbon Metro)">Olivais</a> </td> <td>Red </td> <td>Nuno de Siqueira & Cecília de Sousa, 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oriente_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriente (Lisbon Metro)">Oriente</a> </td> <td>Red </td> <td>António Ségui, Artur Boyd, Errö, Hundertwasser, Yayoi Kusama, Joaquim Rodrigo, Abdoulaye Konaté, Sean Scully, Raza, Zao Wou Ki, & Magdalena Abakanowicz, 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Parque_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parque (Lisbon Metro)">Parque</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1959 & Françoise Schein, 1994 & Federica Matta, 1994 & João Cutileiro, 1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Picoas_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Picoas (Lisbon Metro)">Picoas</a> </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1959, 1982, & Martins Correia, 1995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pontinha_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontinha (Lisbon Metro)">Pontinha</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>Jacinto Luís, 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pra%C3%A7a_de_Espanha_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Praça de Espanha (Lisbon Metro)">Praça de Espanha</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1959, 1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quinta_das_Conchas_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinta das Conchas (Lisbon Metro)">Quinta das Conchas</a> </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td>Joana Rosa, 2004 & Manuel Baptista, 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rato_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rato (Lisbon Metro)">Rato</a> </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td>Vieira da Silva (transposed to azulejo by Manuel Cargaleiro), & Arpad Szènés, 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Restauradores_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restauradores (Lisbon Metro)">Restauradores</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1959, 1977, Luiz Ventura, 1994, Nadir Afonso & Lagoa Henriques, 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roma_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma (Lisbon Metro)">Roma</a> </td> <td>Green </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1972, Lourdes de Castro & René Bertholo, 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rossio_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossio (Lisbon Metro)">Rossio</a> </td> <td>Green </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1963 & Artur Rosa & Helena Almeida, 1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saldanha_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saldanha (Lisbon Metro)">Saldanha</a> </td> <td>Red </td> <td>Almada Negreiros (transposed by José Almada Negreiros), 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saldanha_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saldanha (Lisbon Metro)">Saldanha</a> </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1959, 1977, Jorge Vieira, 1996, 1997, Luis Filipe de Abreu, 1996, 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Apol%C3%B3nia_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Apolónia (Lisbon Metro)">Santa Apolónia</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>José Santa-Bárbara, 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="São Sebastião (Lisbon Metro)">São Sebastião</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>Maria Keil, 1959, 1977, 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="São Sebastião (Lisbon Metro)">São Sebastião</a> </td> <td>Red </td> <td>Maria Keil, 2009 & Catarina Almada Negreiros, 2009 & Rita Almada Negreiros, 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Senhor_Roubado_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senhor Roubado (Lisbon Metro)">Senhor Roubado</a> </td> <td>Yellow </td> <td>José Pedro Croft, 2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telheiras_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Telheiras (Lisbon Metro)">Telheiras</a> </td> <td>Green </td> <td>Eduardo Batarda, 2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Terreiro_do_Pa%C3%A7o_(Lisbon_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Terreiro do Paço (Lisbon Metro)">Terreiro do Paço</a> </td> <td>Blue </td> <td>João Vieira, 2007 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditions">Traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Moresque_ware" title="Hispano-Moresque ware">Hispano-Moresque ware</a> (Spanish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talavera_de_la_Reina_pottery" title="Talavera de la Reina pottery">Talavera de la Reina pottery</a> (Spanish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manises#The_ceramics_of_Manises" title="Manises">Manises pottery</a> (Spanish)</li> <li>Paterna pottery (Spanish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talavera_pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Talavera pottery">Talavera pottery</a> (Mexican)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriarte_Talavera" title="Uriarte Talavera">Uriarte Talavera</a> (Mexican)</li> <li>El Puente del Arzobispo pottery (Spanish)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_of_protection">State of protection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: State of protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tiles are vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Vandalism" title="Vandalism">vandalism</a>, neglect, and theft due to their prevalence and relative ease of access in historic and often decaying buildings across Portugal. In Lisbon, tiles can sometimes be found for sale in <a href="/wiki/Street_fair" title="Street fair">street fairs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Black_market" title="Black market">black market</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite efforts to raise awareness among buyers, many of whom are foreign tourists. Since 2013, it is illegal to demolish buildings in Portugal with tile-covered façades.<sup id="cite_ref-news_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest number of thefts occurs in Lisbon and authorities estimate that 25% of artistic tiles in that city was lost between 1980 and 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-news2_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main azulejo protection group in Portugal, SOS Azulejo, created in 2007 and working as a dependency of <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADcia_Judici%C3%A1ria" title="Polícia Judiciária">Polícia Judiciária</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-news2_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news2-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has identified the limitation and control of the sale of ancient tiles in those markets as their main goal.<sup id="cite_ref-news_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of Lisbon has created the 'Banco do Azulejo' (<i>tile bank</i>), which collects and stores around 30 thousand tiles from demolished or condemned buildings and from donations. Similar projects exist in the cities of Aveiro, Porto, and Ovar.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2017, a new law was put in place in order to prevent both the demolition of tile-covered buildings and renovation work that includes the removal of tiles, even if they affect only the building's interior.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zellij" title="Zellij">Zellij</a> – Mosaic tile decoration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_architecture" title="Portuguese architecture">Portuguese architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_pavement" title="Portuguese pavement">Portuguese pavement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Spanish architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Azulejo" title="National Museum of the Azulejo">National Museum of the Azulejo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408214103/https://es.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/azulejo">"azulejo – definition of azulejo in Spanish"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Living_Dictionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Living Dictionaries">Oxford Living Dictionaries</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://es.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/azulejo">the original</a> on 8 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=azulejo+%E2%80%93+definition+of+azulejo+in+Spanish&rft.btitle=Oxford+Living+Dictionaries&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fes.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fazulejo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azulejos.fr/index_en.html">"Azulejos: gallery and history of handmade Portuguese and Spanish tiles"</a>. <i>www.azulejos.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.azulejos.fr&rft.atitle=Azulejos%3A+gallery+and+history+of+handmade+Portuguese+and+Spanish+tiles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azulejos.fr%2Findex_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagazine2021" class="citation web cs1">Magazine, Wallpaper* (2021-05-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wallpaper.com/art/at-home-with-brazilian-artist-adriana-varejao">"At home with Brazilian artist Adriana Varejão"</a>. <i>Wallpaper*</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wallpaper%2A&rft.atitle=At+home+with+Brazilian+artist+Adriana+Varej%C3%A3o&rft.date=2021-05-06&rft.aulast=Magazine&rft.aufirst=Wallpaper%2A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wallpaper.com%2Fart%2Fat-home-with-brazilian-artist-adriana-varejao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. the Italian noun <i>laggione</i> on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dizionario.internazionale.it/parola/laggione"><i>Il nuovo De Mauro</i></a> dictionary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuvar2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Duvar, Gazete (2019-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/yazarlar/2019/06/30/kapla-butun-sokaklarimi-azulejo">"Kapla bütün sokaklarımı azulejo!"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gazete_Duvar" title="Gazete Duvar">Gazete Duvar</a></i> (in Turkish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201203072602/https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/yazarlar/2019/06/30/kapla-butun-sokaklarimi-azulejo">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-12-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gazete+Duvar&rft.atitle=Kapla+b%C3%BCt%C3%BCn+sokaklar%C4%B1m%C4%B1+azulejo%21&rft.date=2019-06-30&rft.aulast=Duvar&rft.aufirst=Gazete&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazeteduvar.com.tr%2Fyazarlar%2F2019%2F06%2F30%2Fkapla-butun-sokaklarimi-azulejo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>La Ruta de la Ceramica</i>, Asociación Española de Fabricantes de Azulejos, Castellón, 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDegeorgePorter2001" class="citation book cs1">Degeorge, Gérard; Porter, Yves (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VynrAAAAMAAJ&q=zellij+alicatado"><i>The Art of the Islamic Tile</i></a>. Translated by Radzinowicz, David. Flammarion. pp. 64–65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/208010876X" title="Special:BookSources/208010876X"><bdi>208010876X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+the+Islamic+Tile&rft.pages=64-65&rft.pub=Flammarion&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=208010876X&rft.aulast=Degeorge&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A9rard&rft.au=Porter%2C+Yves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVynrAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dzellij%2Balicatado&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BloomBlair2009-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BloomBlair2009_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_BloomSheila_S._BlairSheila_Blair2009" class="citation book cs1">Jonathan Bloom; Sheila S. Blair; Sheila Blair (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=PA201">"Architecture; X. Decoration; B. Tiles"</a>. <i>Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530991-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530991-1"><bdi>978-0-19-530991-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Architecture%3B+X.+Decoration%3B+B.+Tiles&rft.btitle=Grove+Encyclopedia+of+Islamic+Art+%26+Architecture&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530991-1&rft.au=Jonathan+Bloom&rft.au=Sheila+S.+Blair&rft.au=Sheila+Blair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dun4WcfEASZwC%26pg%3DPA201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Les Métamorphoses de l’azur</i>, Ars Latina, Paris, 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:8_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2020" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IRHbDwAAQBAJ&q=Islamic+Palace+Architecture+in+the+Western+Mediterranean&pg=PP1"><i>Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700–1800</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300218701" title="Special:BookSources/9780300218701"><bdi>9780300218701</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture+of+the+Islamic+West%3A+North+Africa+and+the+Iberian+Peninsula%2C+700%E2%80%931800&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780300218701&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIRHbDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DIslamic%2BPalace%2BArchitecture%2Bin%2Bthe%2BWestern%2BMediterranean%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:022-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:022_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarçais1954" class="citation book cs1">Marçais, Georges (1954). <i>L'architecture musulmane d'Occident</i>. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques. pp. 414–415.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27architecture+musulmane+d%27Occident&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=414-415&rft.pub=Arts+et+m%C3%A9tiers+graphiques&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Mar%C3%A7ais&rft.aufirst=Georges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosser-Owen2010" class="citation book cs1">Rosser-Owen, Mariam (2010). <i>Islamic Arts from Spain</i>. V&A Publishing. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851775989" title="Special:BookSources/9781851775989"><bdi>9781851775989</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Arts+from+Spain&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=V%26A+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781851775989&rft.aulast=Rosser-Owen&rft.aufirst=Mariam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoentroTrindadeMirãoCandeias2014" class="citation journal cs1">Coentro, Susana; Trindade, Rui A. A.; Mirão, José; Candeias, António; Alves, Luís C.; Silva, Rui M. C.; Muralha, Vânia S. F. (1 January 2014). "Hispano-Moresque ceramic tiles from the Monastery of Santa Clara-a-Velha (Coimbra, Portugal)". <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>41</b>: 21–28. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JArSc..41...21C">2014JArSc..41...21C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jas.2013.07.031">10.1016/j.jas.2013.07.031</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10174%2F13806">10174/13806</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0305-4403">0305-4403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=Hispano-Moresque+ceramic+tiles+from+the+Monastery+of+Santa+Clara-a-Velha+%28Coimbra%2C+Portugal%29&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=21-28&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10174%2F13806&rft.issn=0305-4403&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jas.2013.07.031&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014JArSc..41...21C&rft.aulast=Coentro&rft.aufirst=Susana&rft.au=Trindade%2C+Rui+A.+A.&rft.au=Mir%C3%A3o%2C+Jos%C3%A9&rft.au=Candeias%2C+Ant%C3%B3nio&rft.au=Alves%2C+Lu%C3%ADs+C.&rft.au=Silva%2C+Rui+M.+C.&rft.au=Muralha%2C+V%C3%A2nia+S.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2006" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Gordon, ed. 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Oxford University Press. pp. 293, 471. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195189483" title="Special:BookSources/9780195189483"><bdi>9780195189483</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grove+Encyclopedia+of+Decorative+Arts&rft.pages=293%2C+471&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780195189483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrothingham1969" class="citation book cs1">Frothingham, Alice Wilson (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YIwVAQAAIAAJ&q=cuenca+y+arista+tiles"><i>Tile Panels of Spain, 1500-1650</i></a>. order of the trustees, Hispanic Society of America. pp. xiii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87535-110-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87535-110-0"><bdi>978-0-87535-110-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tile+Panels+of+Spain%2C+1500-1650&rft.pages=xiii&rft.pub=order+of+the+trustees%2C+Hispanic+Society+of+America&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-87535-110-0&rft.aulast=Frothingham&rft.aufirst=Alice+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYIwVAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dcuenca%2By%2Barista%2Btiles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCity_Hall_of_Granada,_Tourism_office" class="citation cs2">City Hall of Granada, Tourism office, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.granadatur.com/monumento/220-cuarto-real/"><i>Cuarto Real Plaza de los Campos s/n Realejo. Granada</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cuarto+Real+Plaza+de+los+Campos+s%2Fn+Realejo.+Granada&rft.au=City+Hall+of+Granada%2C+Tourism+office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.granadatur.com%2Fmonumento%2F220-cuarto-real%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFartencordoba.com2020" class="citation cs2">artencordoba.com (10 July 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artencordoba.com/en/other-monuments/mudejar-chapel-san-bartolome-cordoba.html"><i>Mudejar Chapel of San Bartolomé</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mudejar+Chapel+of+San+Bartolom%C3%A9&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft.au=artencordoba.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artencordoba.com%2Fen%2Fother-monuments%2Fmudejar-chapel-san-bartolome-cordoba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morales, Alfredo J. – <i>Francisco Niculoso Pisano</i>, Arte Hispalense, Diputación de Sevilla, 1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2021-04-23/preserving-portuguese-culture-through-tattoos/59485">"Preserving Portuguese culture through tattoos"</a>. <i>www.theportugalnews.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.theportugalnews.com&rft.atitle=Preserving+Portuguese+culture+through+tattoos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theportugalnews.com%2Fnews%2F2021-04-23%2Fpreserving-portuguese-culture-through-tattoos%2F59485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuillermo_García_Ramos1978" class="citation book cs1">Guillermo García Ramos (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ijhCyzkw1Q8C&q=crist%C3%B3bal+de+augusta+alcaz%C3%A1r+de+sevilla&pg=PA16"><i>Jornadas Científicas sobre Cerámica y Vidrio</i></a>. University of Seville. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7405-096-0" title="Special:BookSources/84-7405-096-0"><bdi>84-7405-096-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jornadas+Cient%C3%ADficas+sobre+Cer%C3%A1mica+y+Vidrio&rft.pub=University+of+Seville&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=84-7405-096-0&rft.au=Guillermo+Garc%C3%ADa+Ramos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DijhCyzkw1Q8C%26q%3Dcrist%25C3%25B3bal%2Bde%2Baugusta%2Balcaz%25C3%25A1r%2Bde%2Bsevilla%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMARATANIA2013" class="citation cs2">MARATANIA (5 April 2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maratania.es/152152-loa-azulejos-de-la-casa-de-pilatos-de-los-hermanos-pulido/"><i>Los azulejos de la Casa de Pilatos de los hermanos Pulido – 152</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+azulejos+de+la+Casa+de+Pilatos+de+los+hermanos+Pulido+%E2%80%93+152&rft.date=2013-04-05&rft.au=MARATANIA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaratania.es%2F152152-loa-azulejos-de-la-casa-de-pilatos-de-los-hermanos-pulido%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFloveofspain.com" class="citation cs2">loveofspain.com, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421084104/http://www.loveofspain.com/casa-de-pilatos"><i>THE CASA DE PILATOS – A DREAM ANDALUSIAN PALACE IN THE HEART OF SEVILLE</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loveofspain.com/casa-de-pilatos/">the original</a> on 2017-04-21<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-06</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=THE+CASA+DE+PILATOS+%E2%80%93+A+DREAM+ANDALUSIAN+PALACE+IN+THE+HEART+OF+SEVILLE&rft.au=loveofspain.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loveofspain.com%2Fcasa-de-pilatos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCity_Council_of_Valencia" class="citation cs2">City Council of Valencia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.valencia.es/ayuntamiento/urbanismo2.nsf/0/A361EAD69FB5AAD8C125806C00268B85/$FILE/5731601-Palau%20de%20la%20Generalitat_firmado.pdf?OpenElement"><i>PLAN ESPECIAL DE LOS ENTORNOS DE LOS BIENES DE INTERÉS CULTURAL DE LA ZONA CENTRAL DE CIUTAT VELLA</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=PLAN+ESPECIAL+DE+LOS+ENTORNOS+DE+LOS+BIENES+DE+INTER%C3%89S+CULTURAL+DE+LA+ZONA+CENTRAL+DE+CIUTAT+VELLA&rft.au=City+Council+of+Valencia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.valencia.es%2Fayuntamiento%2Furbanismo2.nsf%2F0%2FA361EAD69FB5AAD8C125806C00268B85%2F%24FILE%2F5731601-Palau%2520de%2520la%2520Generalitat_firmado.pdf%3FOpenElement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.retabloceramico.net/indicend_A_ZO.htm"><i>ÍNDICE CIVIL CERÁMICA ARQUITECTÓNICA. ZÓCALOS</i></a>, retabloceramico.net</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%8DNDICE+CIVIL+CER%C3%81MICA+ARQUITECT%C3%93NICA.+Z%C3%93CALOS&rft.pub=retabloceramico.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.retabloceramico.net%2Findicend_A_ZO.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/197345">"Panel of 4 cuenca tiles"</a>. <i>MET Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Azulejos en el claustro e iglesia". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/ifea/1144?lang=es"><i>PAYMENT LETTER: PEDRO RODRÍGUEZ TO MARCOS IBÁÑEZ (Xaramillo, 1640-1641a</i></a>. Travaux de l'IFEA. Institut français d’études andines. 1641. pp. 81–98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782821826533" title="Special:BookSources/9782821826533"><bdi>9782821826533</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cap%C3%ADtulo+VII.+Azulejos+en+el+claustro+e+iglesia&rft.btitle=PAYMENT+LETTER%3A+PEDRO+RODR%C3%8DGUEZ+TO+MARCOS+IB%C3%81%C3%91EZ+%28Xaramillo%2C+1640-1641a&rft.series=Travaux+de+l%27IFEA&rft.pages=81-98&rft.pub=Institut+fran%C3%A7ais+d%E2%80%99%C3%A9tudes+andines&rft.date=1641&rft.isbn=9782821826533&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifea%2F1144%3Flang%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirta_Linero_BaroniJuan_Ramón_Muñíz_Álvarez2015" class="citation cs2">Mirta Linero Baroni; Juan Ramón Muñíz Álvarez (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5406683.pdf">"Restos de azulejería. Los Azulejos"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF download)</span>, <i>Aportaciones arqueológicas al análisis del arte decorativo murario en Panamá del siglo XVI - Azulejería sevillana del convento de Santo Domingo, Panamá Viejo</i>, Patronage Panamá Viejo, Association of Independent Professionals of the Archeology of Asturias, p. 12</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Restos+de+azulejer%C3%ADa.+Los+Azulejos&rft.btitle=Aportaciones+arqueol%C3%B3gicas+al+an%C3%A1lisis+del+arte+decorativo+murario+en+Panam%C3%A1+del+siglo+XVI+-+Azulejer%C3%ADa+sevillana+del+convento+de+Santo+Domingo%2C+Panam%C3%A1+Viejo&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Patronage+Panam%C3%A1+Viejo%2C+Association+of+Independent+Professionals+of+the+Archeology+of+Asturias&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Mirta+Linero+Baroni&rft.au=Juan+Ram%C3%B3n+Mu%C3%B1%C3%ADz+%C3%81lvarez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fdescarga%2Farticulo%2F5406683.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span>. read online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.docdroid.net/yeiy6a3/aportaciones-arqueologicas-al-analisis-del-arte-decorativo-murario-en-panama-durante-el-siglo-xvi.pdf">https://www.docdroid.net/yeiy6a3/aportaciones-arqueologicas-al-analisis-del-arte-decorativo-murario-en-panama-durante-el-siglo-xvi.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cvc.cervantes.es/artes/ciudades_patrimonio/puebla/historia_tradicion/conventos_02.htm">"Puebla de los Ángeles"</a>. <i>Centro Virtual Cervantes, <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cervantes" title="Instituto Cervantes">Instituto Cervantes</a></i> (in Spanish).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centro+Virtual+Cervantes%2C+Instituto+Cervantes&rft.atitle=Puebla+de+los+%C3%81ngeles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcvc.cervantes.es%2Fartes%2Fciudades_patrimonio%2Fpuebla%2Fhistoria_tradicion%2Fconventos_02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nueva_visión-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nueva_visión_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonio_San_Cristóbal2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_San_Crist%C3%B3bal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio San Cristóbal (page does not exist)">Antonio San Cristóbal</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/ifea/1144?lang=es"><i>Nueva visión de San Francisco de Lima</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas">University of Texas</a>: Institut français d’études andines. pp. 81–98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9972623440" title="Special:BookSources/9972623440"><bdi>9972623440</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nueva+visi%C3%B3n+de+San+Francisco+de+Lima&rft.place=University+of+Texas&rft.pages=81-98&rft.pub=Institut+fran%C3%A7ais+d%E2%80%99%C3%A9tudes+andines&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9972623440&rft.au=Antonio+San+Crist%C3%B3bal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifea%2F1144%3Flang%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAYMENT-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PAYMENT_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Capítulo VII. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zazous+Vinyl+Flooring&rft.atitle=Azulejos%2C+Traditional+Spanish+and+Portuguese+Tiles%2C+Provide+Inspiration+For+Modern+Vinyl+Floor+Tiles&rft.date=2020-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zazous.co.uk%2F2020%2F09%2F10%2Fazulejos-traditional-tile-provides-design-inspiration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webtenerife.co.uk/tenerife/the-island/municipalities/santa-cruz-tenerife/places-interest/plaza-veinticinco-julio.htm?_ga=2.226425180.739225899.1522932926-622647220.1522932926"><i>Plaza 25 de julio</i></a>, webtenerife.com</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plaza+25+de+julio&rft.pub=webtenerife.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webtenerife.co.uk%2Ftenerife%2Fthe-island%2Fmunicipalities%2Fsanta-cruz-tenerife%2Fplaces-interest%2Fplaza-veinticinco-julio.htm%3F_ga%3D2.226425180.739225899.1522932926-622647220.1522932926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/canada/montreal/attractions/parc-du-portugal/a/poi-sig/392909/361431">"Parc du Portugal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lonely+Planet&rft.atitle=Parc+du+Portugal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lonelyplanet.com%2Fcanada%2Fmontreal%2Fattractions%2Fparc-du-portugal%2Fa%2Fpoi-sig%2F392909%2F361431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/thieves-target-historic-portuguese-decorative-tiles">"Thieves target historic Portuguese decorative tiles"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 8 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Thieves+target+historic+Portuguese+decorative+tiles&rft.date=2017-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fthieves-target-historic-portuguese-decorative-tiles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-news-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-news_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-news_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publico.pt/2017/08/23/local/noticia/fachadas-de-azulejo-estao-protegidas-mas-e-dentro-das-casas-que-estao-os-tesouros-1783060">"A lei protege os azulejos mas há quem os continue a vender"</a> [The law protects azulejos, but there are still some who sell them]. <i>Público</i> (in Portuguese). 23 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=P%C3%BAblico&rft.atitle=A+lei+protege+os+azulejos+mas+h%C3%A1+quem+os+continue+a+vender&rft.date=2017-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publico.pt%2F2017%2F08%2F23%2Flocal%2Fnoticia%2Ffachadas-de-azulejo-estao-protegidas-mas-e-dentro-das-casas-que-estao-os-tesouros-1783060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-news2-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-news2_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-news2_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publico.pt/2015/04/19/local/noticia/camaras-apertam-regras-para-proteger-azulejos-mas-os-furtos-estao-a-aumentar-1692745">"Câmaras apertam regras para proteger azulejos mas furtos estão a aumentar"</a> [Cities tighten rules but number of thefts is increasing]. <i>Público</i> (in Portuguese). 19 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=P%C3%BAblico&rft.atitle=C%C3%A2maras+apertam+regras+para+proteger+azulejos+mas+furtos+est%C3%A3o+a+aumentar&rft.date=2015-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publico.pt%2F2015%2F04%2F19%2Flocal%2Fnoticia%2Fcamaras-apertam-regras-para-proteger-azulejos-mas-os-furtos-estao-a-aumentar-1692745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publico.pt/2017/04/18/local/noticia/em-lisboa-o-banco-do-azulejo-ja-funciona-e-inventario-vai-a-meio-1769067">"Em Lisboa, o Banco do Azulejo já funciona e inventário vai a meio"</a> [In Lisbon, 'Banco do Azulejo' is already operational and its inventory is halfway]. <i>Público</i> (in Portuguese). 18 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=P%C3%BAblico&rft.atitle=Em+Lisboa%2C+o+Banco+do+Azulejo+j%C3%A1+funciona+e+invent%C3%A1rio+vai+a+meio&rft.date=2017-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publico.pt%2F2017%2F04%2F18%2Flocal%2Fnoticia%2Fem-lisboa-o-banco-do-azulejo-ja-funciona-e-inventario-vai-a-meio-1769067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsf.pt/sociedade/interior/demolicao-de-fachadas-com-azulejos-interdita-em-todo-o-pais-8718059.html">"Demolição de fachadas com azulejos interdita em todo o país"</a> [Demolition of façades with tiles banned all over the country]. <i>TSF</i> (in Portuguese). 21 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TSF&rft.atitle=Demoli%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+fachadas+com+azulejos+interdita+em+todo+o+pa%C3%ADs&rft.date=2017-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsf.pt%2Fsociedade%2Finterior%2Fdemolicao-de-fachadas-com-azulejos-interdita-em-todo-o-pais-8718059.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dre.pt/web/guest/home/-/dre/108016474/details/maximized?serie=I&day=2017-08-18&date=2017-08-01&dreId=108016472">"Lei n.º 79/2017 - Protege o património azulejar"</a> [Law 79/2017 - Protecting the tile heritage]. <i>Diário da República Eletrónico</i> (in Portuguese). 18 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Di%C3%A1rio+da+Rep%C3%BAblica+Eletr%C3%B3nico&rft.atitle=Lei+n.%C2%BA+79%2F2017+-+Protege+o+patrim%C3%B3nio+azulejar&rft.date=2017-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdre.pt%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fhome%2F-%2Fdre%2F108016474%2Fdetails%2Fmaximized%3Fserie%3DI%26day%3D2017-08-18%26date%3D2017-08-01%26dreId%3D108016472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzulejo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Morales, Alfredo J. – <i>Francisco Niculoso Pisano</i>, Arte Hispalense, Diputación de Sevilla, 1977, 1991</li> <li>dos Santos Simões, J. M. – <i>Azulejaria em Portugal nos séculos XV e XVI : introdução geral</i>, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, 2nd ed., Lisbon, 1990 (in Portuguese)</li> <li>Costa, Vania – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928045538/http://www.accessibleportugal.com/revista/Setembro/azulejos.html">Azulejo</a>, Accessible Travel Magazine, September 2006</li> <li>Meco, José – <i>O Azulejo em Portugal</i>, Alfa, Lisbon, 1988 (in Portuguese)</li> <li>Castel-Branco Pereira, João – <i>Portuguese tiles from the National Museum of Azulejo</i>, Lisbon, 1995, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-302-00661-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-302-00661-3">0-302-00661-3</a></li> <li>Turner, J. – <i>Tile – History and Uses, Portugal</i> in <a href="/wiki/Grove_Dictionary_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Dictionary of Art">Grove Dictionary of Art</a>, MacMillan, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-517068-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-517068-7">0-19-517068-7</a></li> <li><i>The Rough Guide to Portugal</i> – 11th edition March 2005 – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84353-438-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-84353-438-X">1-84353-438-X</a></li> <li>Rentes de Carvalho J. – <i>Portugal, um guia para amigos</i> – in Dutch translation: <i>Portugal – De Arbeiderspers</i>, Amsterdam, 9th ed., August 1999 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-295-3466-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-295-3466-4">90-295-3466-4</a></li> <li>Mucznik, Sonia. – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916053731/http://www5.tau.ac.il/arts/departments/images/stories/journals/arthistory/Assaph6/11mucznik.pdf"><i>The Azulejos of Lisbon</i></a></li> <li>Sabo, Rioleta; Falcato, Jorge. N. and photographs by Nicolas Lemonnier – <i>Portuguese Decorative Tiles</i>, New York, London and Paris, 1998; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7892-0481-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7892-0481-9">0-7892-0481-9</a></li> <li>Barros Veloso, A. J.; Almasqué, Isabel – <i>Portuguese Tiles and Art Nouveau / O Azulejo Portugués ea Arte Nova</i>, Edições Inapa, Portugal, 2000; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/972-8387-64-4" title="Special:BookSources/972-8387-64-4">972-8387-64-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azulejo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Azulejos" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Azulejos">Azulejos</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.retabloceramico.net/indicend_A_ZO.htm">A catalog with many of the historical azulejos in Spain and Portugal with their creation date and details</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131108091534/http://www.museudoazulejo.pt/en-GB/default.aspx">National Azulejo Museum, Portugal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azulejos.fr/index_en.html">An illustrated history of the azulejo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almaviva.com/en/ceramic-techniques/">The over-glaze decoration technique</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/conhecer/exposicoes-virtuais/a-arte-do-azulejo-em-portugal.html">Introduction to the azulejos by the Instituto Camoes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160206185527/http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/conhecer/exposicoes-virtuais/a-arte-do-azulejo-em-portugal.html">Archived</a> 2016-02-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Portuguese)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Architecture_of_Portugal" title="Template:Architecture of Portugal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Architecture_of_Portugal" title="Template talk:Architecture of Portugal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Architecture_of_Portugal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Architecture of Portugal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portuguese_architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_architecture" title="Portuguese architecture">Portuguese architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Romanesque_architecture" title="Portuguese Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Gothic_architecture" title="Portuguese Gothic architecture">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manueline" title="Manueline">Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture_in_Portugal" title="Renaissance architecture in Portugal">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Plain_Style_architecture" title="Portuguese Plain Style architecture">Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture_in_Portugal" title="Baroque architecture in Portugal">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rococo_architecture_in_Portugal" title="Rococo architecture in Portugal">Rococo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pombaline_style" title="Pombaline style">Pombaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Manueline" title="Neo-Manueline">Neo-Manueline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Neo-Mudéjar">Neo-Mudéjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_architecture" title="Summer architecture">Summer architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_Portuguese_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft Portuguese style">Soft Portuguese style</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Pena-1453029.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pena Palace"><img alt="Pena Palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/View_of_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Pena-1453029.jpg/210px-View_of_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Pena-1453029.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/View_of_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Pena-1453029.jpg/315px-View_of_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Pena-1453029.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/View_of_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Pena-1453029.jpg/420px-View_of_Pal%C3%A1cio_Nacional_da_Pena-1453029.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4686" data-file-height="3210" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Portugal" title="List of airports in Portugal">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Portugal" title="List of bridges in Portugal">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Portugal" title="List of castles in Portugal">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Portugal" title="List of cathedrals in Portugal">Cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_stadiums_in_Portugal" title="List of football stadiums in Portugal">Football stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Portugal" title="Health in Portugal">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Portugal" title="List of dams and reservoirs in Portugal">Reservoirs and dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Portugal" title="List of tallest structures in Portugal">Tallest buildings and structures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azulejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_woodcarving_in_Portugal" title="Gilded woodcarving in Portugal">Gilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lioz" title="Lioz">Lioz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_pavement" title="Portuguese pavement">Pavement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Colonial_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Colonial architecture">Portuguese Colonial architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Portuguese_architecture" title="Sino-Portuguese architecture">Sino-Portuguese architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobrado_(architecture)" title="Sobrado (architecture)">Sobrado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_Portuguese_Origin_in_the_World" title="Seven Wonders of Portuguese Origin in the World">Seven Wonders of Portuguese Origin in the World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_architects" title="List of Portuguese architects">Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments of Portugal">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Portugal" title="Housing in Portugal">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGESPAR" class="mw-redirect" title="IGESPAR">IGESPAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_Portugal" title="Seven Wonders of Portugal">Seven Wonders of Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Architecture_in_Portugal" title="Category:Architecture in Portugal">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Renaissance" title="Portuguese Renaissance">Portuguese Renaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Architecture_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Architecture_of_Spain" title="Template:Architecture of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Architecture_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Architecture of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Architecture_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Architecture of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Architecture_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Architecture of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_architecture#Megalithic_architecture" title="Spanish architecture">Megalithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberians" title="Iberians">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castro_culture" title="Castro culture">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_art_and_architecture" title="Visigothic art and architecture">Visigothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_architecture" title="Asturian architecture">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Andalusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_art_and_architecture" title="Mozarabic art and architecture">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repoblaci%C3%B3n_art_and_architecture" title="Repoblación art and architecture">Repoblación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_art" title="Mudéjar art">Mudéjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Romanesque" title="First Romanesque">First Romanesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture_in_Spain" title="Romanesque architecture in Spain">Romanesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Gothic_architecture" title="Spanish Gothic architecture">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Gothic" title="Catalan Gothic">Catalan Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelline_(architectural_style)" title="Isabelline (architectural style)">Isabelline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Gothic" title="Valencian Gothic">Valencian Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cisneros_(architecture)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cisneros (architecture) (page does not exist)">Cisneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateresque" title="Plateresque">Plateresque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Renaissance_architecture" title="Spanish Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism_(Spanish_architecture)" title="Purism (Spanish architecture)">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herrerian_style" title="Herrerian style">Herrerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Baroque_architecture" title="Spanish Baroque architecture">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churrigueresque" title="Churrigueresque">Churrigueresque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture#Spain" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rococo_in_Spain" title="Rococo in Spain">Rococo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_Art_Nouveau" title="Valencian Art Nouveau">Valencian Art Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Neo-Mudéjar">Neo-Mudéjar</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1_2941.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sagrada Família"><img alt="Sagrada Família" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1_2941.jpg/110px-%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1_2941.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1_2941.jpg/165px-%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1_2941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1_2941.jpg/220px-%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1_2941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2774" data-file-height="4099" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Spain" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Spain">Buildings<br />and structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_sites_in_Spain" title="List of Roman sites in Spain">Roman sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar" title="Alcázar">Alcázars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcazaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcazaba">Alcazabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_towers_of_Cantabria" title="Defensive towers of Cantabria">Cantabrian defensive towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Spain" title="List of castles in Spain">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castros_(Spain)" title="Castros (Spain)">Castros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Spain" title="List of cathedrals in Spain">Cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3rreo" title="Hórreo">Hórreos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_Spain" title="List of lighthouses in Spain">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llotja" title="Llotja">Llotjes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasteries_in_Spain" title="Monasteries in Spain">Monasteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_sites" title="Spanish royal sites">Royal sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_Spain" title="List of windmills in Spain">Windmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Spain" title="List of airports in Spain">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indoor_arenas_in_Spain" title="List of indoor arenas in Spain">Indoor arenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Spain" title="List of museums in Spain">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_Spain" title="List of stadiums in Spain">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Spain" title="List of tallest buildings in Spain">Tallest buildings</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Spain" title="List of tallest structures in Spain">structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_destroyed_landmarks_in_Spain" title="List of destroyed landmarks in Spain">Destroyed heritage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_architects" title="List of Spanish architects">Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_patio" title="Andalusian patio">Andalusian patio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Towns_of_Andalusia" title="White Towns of Andalusia">Andalusian White Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_architecture_of_Aragon" title="Mudéjar architecture of Aragon">Aragonese Mudéjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_vault" title="Catalan vault">Catalan vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gaud%C3%AD_buildings" title="List of Gaudí buildings">Gaudí buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alh%C3%B3ndiga_(building)" title="Alhóndiga (building)">Alhóndiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alqueria" title="Alqueria">Alqueria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artesonado" title="Artesonado">Artesonado</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azulejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baserri" title="Baserri">Baserri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caba%C3%B1a_pasiega" title="Cabaña pasiega">Cabaña pasiega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_monta%C3%B1esa" title="Casa montañesa">Casa montañesa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Casona_monta%C3%B1esa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Casona montañesa (page does not exist)">Casona montañesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corral_de_comedias" title="Corral de comedias">Corral de comedias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortijo" title="Cortijo">Cortijo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finca" title="Finca">Finca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estipite" title="Estipite">Estipite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacienda" title="Hacienda">Hacienda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masia" title="Masia">Masia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirador_(architecture)" title="Mirador (architecture)">Mirador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palloza" title="Palloza">Palloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazo" title="Pazo">Pazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_(residence)" title="Real (residence)">Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_garden" title="Spanish garden">Spanish garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeseria" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeseria">Yeseria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Architecture_in_Spain" title="Category:Architecture in Spain">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islamic_art" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_art" title="Template:Islamic art"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_art" title="Template talk:Islamic art"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_art" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic art"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islamic_art" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic art</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_architecture" title="Abbasid architecture">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty#Architecture" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_architecture" title="Anatolian Seljuk architecture">Anatolian Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Islamic_architecture" title="Chinese Islamic architecture">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_architecture" title="Fatimid architecture">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seljuk_architecture" title="Great Seljuk architecture">Great Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_architecture" title="Hausa architecture">Hausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Islamic_architecture" title="Indo-Islamic architecture">Indo-Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Muslim_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Muslim architecture">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Bahmani_and_Deccan_Sultanates" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the Bahmani and Deccan Sultanates">Bahmani and Deccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_architecture" title="Mughal architecture">Mughal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_architecture_in_Indonesia" title="Mosque architecture in Indonesia">Indonesian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture#Malaysia" title="Islamic architecture">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_architecture" title="Iranian architecture">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_architecture" title="Mamluk architecture">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_architecture" title="Moorish architecture">Moorish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_architecture" title="Ottoman architecture">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudano-Sahelian_architecture" title="Sudano-Sahelian architecture">Sudano-Sahelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_architecture" title="Swahili architecture">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_mosque" title="Tatar mosque">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_architecture" title="Timurid architecture">Timurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_architecture" title="Umayyad architecture">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Yemen#Islamic_period" title="Architecture of Yemen">Yemeni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_architectural_elements" title="Category:Islamic architectural elements">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ablaq" title="Ablaq">Ablaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banna%27i" title="Banna'i">Banna'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwan" title="Iwan">Iwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jali" title="Jali">Jali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashrabiya" title="Mashrabiya">Mashrabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Mihrab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">Minaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moc%C3%A1rabe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mocárabe">Mocárabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqarnas" title="Muqarnas">Muqarnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitara_(textile)" title="Sitara (textile)">Sitara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stucco_decoration_in_Islamic_architecture" title="Stucco decoration in Islamic architecture">Stucco decoration</a></li> <li><i>See also</i> Decoration</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Islamic_Tiling_(186943375).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Islamic_Tiling_%28186943375%29.jpeg/110px-Islamic_Tiling_%28186943375%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="110" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Islamic_Tiling_%28186943375%29.jpeg/165px-Islamic_Tiling_%28186943375%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Islamic_Tiling_%28186943375%29.jpeg/220px-Islamic_Tiling_%28186943375%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="1091" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_art" title="Bangladeshi art">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_art" title="Persian art">Persian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_art#Early_Islamic_period" title="Persian art">Early</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qajar_art" title="Qajar art">Qajar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safavid_art" title="Safavid art">Safavid</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_art" title="Turkish art">Turkish</a> (<a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Ottoman_Empire#Decorative_arts" title="Culture of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_rug" title="Oriental rug">Carpets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gul_(design)" title="Gul (design)">Gul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilim" title="Kilim">Kilim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilim_motifs" title="Kilim motifs">Motifs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_carpet" title="Persian carpet">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_carpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish carpet">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_rug" title="Prayer rug">Prayer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_pottery" title="Islamic pottery">Pottery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fritware" title="Fritware">Fritware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Moresque_ware" title="Hispano-Moresque ware">Hispano-Moresque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iznik_pottery" title="Iznik pottery">Iznik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_lustreware" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic lustreware">Lustreware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mina%27i_ware" title="Mina'i ware">Mina'i ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_pottery" title="Persian pottery">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_influences_on_Islamic_pottery" title="Chinese influences on Islamic pottery">Chinese influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Textiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">Batik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damask" title="Damask">Damask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikat" title="Ikat">Ikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_embroidery" title="Islamic embroidery">Embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soumak" title="Soumak">Soumak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzani_(textile)" title="Suzani (textile)">Suzani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Woodwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khatam" title="Khatam">Khatam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minbar" title="Minbar">Minbar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_music" title="Islamic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art#Islamic_brasswork" title="Islamic art">Brass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_steel" title="Damascus steel">Damascus steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enamelled_glass#Islamic" title="Enamelled glass">Enamelled glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_glass" title="Islamic glass">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardstone_carving#Islamic_hardstone_carving" title="Hardstone carving">Hardstone carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_carving#Islamic_ivory" title="Ivory carving">Ivory carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosque_lamp" title="Mosque lamp">Mosque lamp</a></li> <li>Stained glass <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabaka_(window)" title="Shabaka (window)">Shabaka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts of<br />the book</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_miniature" title="Islamic miniature">Miniatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_miniature" title="Arabic miniature">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_painting" title="Mughal painting">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_miniature" title="Ottoman miniature">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_miniature" title="Persian miniature">Persian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calligraphy" title="Islamic calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_calligraphy" title="Arabic calligraphy">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwani" title="Diwani">Diwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_calligraphy" title="Indian calligraphy">Indo-Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kufic" title="Kufic">Kufic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhaqqaq" title="Muhaqqaq">Muhaqqaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naskh_(script)" title="Naskh (script)">Naskh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq">Nastaliq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_calligraphy" title="Persian calligraphy">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sini_(script)" title="Sini (script)">Sini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliq_script" title="Taliq script">Taliq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuluth" title="Thuluth">Thuluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughra" title="Tughra">Tughra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muraqqa" title="Muraqqa">Muraqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilya" title="Hilya">Hilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_illumination" title="Ottoman illumination">Ottoman illumination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_ornament" title="Islamic ornament">Decoration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">Arabesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_geometric_patterns" title="Islamic geometric patterns">Geometric patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girih" title="Girih">Girih</a> (<a href="/wiki/Girih_tiles" title="Girih tiles">tiles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zellij" title="Zellij">Zellij</a></li> <li><i>See also</i> Calligraphy</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_garden" title="Islamic garden">The garden</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charbagh" title="Charbagh">Charbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_garden" title="Mughal garden">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman gardens">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradise_garden" title="Paradise garden">Paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_gardens" title="Persian gardens">Persian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_of_Islamic_art" title="List of museums of Islamic art">Museums,<br />collections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Islamic_Art,_Berlin" title="Museum of Islamic Art, Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Islamic_Art,_Cairo" title="Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Islamic_Art,_Doha" title="Museum of Islamic Art, Doha">Doha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Islamic_Art,_Ghazni" title="Museum of Islamic Art, Ghazni">Ghazni</a></li> <li>Istanbul (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_and_Islamic_Arts_Museum" title="Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum">Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Turkish_Calligraphy_Art" title="Museum of Turkish Calligraphy Art">Calligraphy Art</a>)</li> <li>Jerusalem (<a href="/wiki/Islamic_Museum,_Jerusalem" title="Islamic Museum, Jerusalem">Islamic Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_for_Islamic_Art,_Jerusalem" title="Museum for Islamic Art, Jerusalem">Museum for Islamic Art, Jerusalem</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Arts_Museum_Malaysia" title="Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li>London (<a href="/wiki/British_Museum#Islamic_art" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum#Islamic_art" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">V&A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khalili_Collection_of_Islamic_Art" title="Khalili Collection of Islamic Art">Khalili Collection</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art#Islamic_art" title="Los Angeles County Museum of Art">Los Angeles</a></li> <li>Marrakech (<a href="/wiki/Marrakech_Museum" title="Marrakech Museum">Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majorelle_Garden" title="Majorelle Garden">Majorelle Garden</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Museum_of_Australia" title="Islamic Museum of Australia">Melbourne</a></li> <li>Paris (<a href="/wiki/Arab_World_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab World Institute">Arab World Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louvre#Islamic_art" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Civilisations_Museum" title="Asian Civilisations Museum">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Museum" title="Aga Khan Museum">Toronto (Aga Khan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Museum_of_Tripoli" title="Islamic Museum of Tripoli">Tripoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Exhibitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_the_Sultans" title="Empire of the Sultans">Empire of the Sultans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heaven_on_Earth:_Art_from_Islamic_Lands" title="Heaven on Earth: Art from Islamic Lands">Heaven on Earth: Art from Islamic Lands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hajj:_Journey_to_the_Heart_of_Islam" title="Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam">Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principles,<br />influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Art:_Mirror_of_the_Invisible_World" title="Islamic Art: Mirror of the Invisible World">Islamic Art: Mirror of the Invisible World</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aniconism_in_Islam" title="Aniconism in Islam">Aniconism in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Saracenic_architecture" title="Indo-Saracenic architecture">Indo-Saracenic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_world_contributions_to_Medieval_Europe" title="Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe">Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_influences_on_Western_art" title="Islamic influences on Western art">Influences on Western art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grotesque" title="Grotesque">Grotesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moresque" title="Moresque">Moresque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_and_architecture" title="Mathematics and architecture">Mathematics and architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Revival_architecture" title="Moorish Revival architecture">Moorish Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar" title="Mudéjar">Mudéjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_carpets_in_Renaissance_painting" title="Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting">Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Kufic" title="Pseudo-Kufic">Pseudo-Kufic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stilfragen" title="Stilfragen">Stilfragen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topkap%C4%B1_Scroll" title="Topkapı Scroll">Topkapı Scroll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" 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