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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Byzantine Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ottoman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archons_of_the_Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archons_of_the_Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archons_of_the_Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Archon</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archon" title="Archon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Archon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86" title="أركون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أركون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxont" title="Arxont – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arxont" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Архонт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Архонт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Архонт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Архонт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcont" title="Arcont – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arcont" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%B3n" title="Archón – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Archón" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archon_(Amt)" title="Archon (Amt) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Archon (Amt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhont" title="Arhont – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arhont" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%81%CF%87%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Άρχων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άρχων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arconte" title="Arconte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arconte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkonto" title="Arkonto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arkonto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkonte" title="Arkonte – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arkonte" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AA" title="آرکنت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرکنت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archonte" title="Archonte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Archonte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arconte" title="Arconte – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arconte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%98" title="아르콘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아르콘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Արքոնտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արքոնտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhont" title="Arhont – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arhont" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkonto" title="Arkonto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arkonto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkhon" title="Arkhon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arkhon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arconte" title="Arconte – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arconte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ארכון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארכון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="არქონტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არქონტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Архонт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Архонт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Архонт – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Архонт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archon" title="Archon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Archon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archontas" title="Archontas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Archontas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkh%C3%B3n" title="Arkhón – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Arkhón" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archont_(ambt)" title="Archont (ambt) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Archont (ambt)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="アルコーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルコーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkont" title="Arkont – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arkont" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcont" title="Arcont – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arcont" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxont" title="Arxont – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arxont" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archont" title="Archont – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Archont" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arconte" title="Arconte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arconte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhonte" title="Arhonte – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arhonte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Архонт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Архонт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhond" title="Arhond – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arhond" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%B3n" title="Archón – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Archón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhont" title="Arhont – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arhont" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Архонт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Архонт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhont" title="Arhont – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arhont" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkontti" title="Arkontti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arkontti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkont" title="Arkont – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arkont" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆர்கோன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆர்கோன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhon" title="Arhon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arhon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Архонт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Архонт" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Greek term for a ruler</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Archon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Archon (disambiguation)">Archon (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragmentary_inscription_bearing_the_names_of_6_city_archons_(politarchs),_2nd_c._BC,_Archaeological_Museum,_Pella_(6929923448).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fragmentary_inscription_bearing_the_names_of_6_city_archons_%28politarchs%29%2C_2nd_c._BC%2C_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Pella_%286929923448%29.jpg/260px-Fragmentary_inscription_bearing_the_names_of_6_city_archons_%28politarchs%29%2C_2nd_c._BC%2C_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Pella_%286929923448%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fragmentary_inscription_bearing_the_names_of_6_city_archons_%28politarchs%29%2C_2nd_c._BC%2C_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Pella_%286929923448%29.jpg/390px-Fragmentary_inscription_bearing_the_names_of_6_city_archons_%28politarchs%29%2C_2nd_c._BC%2C_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Pella_%286929923448%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fragmentary_inscription_bearing_the_names_of_6_city_archons_%28politarchs%29%2C_2nd_c._BC%2C_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Pella_%286929923448%29.jpg/520px-Fragmentary_inscription_bearing_the_names_of_6_city_archons_%28politarchs%29%2C_2nd_c._BC%2C_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Pella_%286929923448%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Fragmentary inscription bearing the names of six city archons (politarchs), 2nd century BC, <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Pella" title="Archaeological Museum of Pella">Archaeological Museum of Pella</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Archon</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ἄρχων</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">árchōn</i></span>, <small>plural:</small> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄρχοντες</span></span>, <i>árchontes</i>) is a Greek word that means "ruler", frequently used as the title of a specific public office. It is the masculine present participle of the verb stem <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αρχ-</span></span>, meaning "to be first, to rule", derived from the same root as words such as <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">monarch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">hierarchy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_Greece">Ancient Greece</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancient Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early literary period of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>, the chief <a href="/wiki/Magistrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Magistrates">magistrates</a> of various Greek city states were called <i>archontes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell1911444_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell1911444-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term was also used throughout Greek history in a more general sense, ranging from "club leader" to "master of the tables" at <i><a href="/wiki/Syssitia" title="Syssitia">syssitia</a></i> to "Roman governor".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, a system of three concurrent archons evolved, the three office holders being known as <i><a href="/wiki/Archon_eponymos" class="mw-redirect" title="Archon eponymos">archon eponymos</a></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄρχων ἐπώνυμος</span></span>), the <i><a href="/wiki/Polemarch" title="Polemarch">polemarch</a></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πολέμαρχος</span></span>), and the <i><a href="/wiki/Archon_basileus" title="Archon basileus">archon basileus</a></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄρχων βασιλεύς</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell1911444_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell1911444-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Athenians_(Aristotle)" title="Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle)">Constitution of the Athenians</a></i>, the power of the king first devolved to the archons, and these offices were filled from the aristocracy by elections every ten years. During this period, the archon eponymos was the chief magistrate, the polemarch was the head of the armed forces, and the archon basileus was responsible for the civic religious arrangements. After 683 BC, the offices were held for only a single year, and the year was named after the archon eponymos. (Many ancient <a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">calendar</a> systems did not number their years consecutively.) Although the process of the next transition is unclear, after 487 BC the archonships were assigned by lot to any citizen and the polemarch's military duties were taken over by a new class of generals known as <i><a href="/wiki/Strategoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategoi">strategoi</a></i>. The polemarch thereafter had only minor religious duties. The archon eponymos remained the titular head of state under <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>, though of much reduced political importance. The archons were assisted by "junior archons", called <i>thesmothetai</i> (pl. of <i>thesmothetēs</i>). After 487 BC, ex-archons were automatically enrolled as life members of the <a href="/wiki/Areopagus" title="Areopagus">Areopagus</a>, though that assembly was no longer extremely important politically at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell1911445_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell1911445-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the Athenian constitution, archons were also in charge of organizing festivals by bringing together poets, playwrights, actors, and city-appointed <a href="/wiki/Choregos" title="Choregos">choregoi</a> (wealthy citizen patrons). The archon would begin this process months in advance of a festival by selecting a chorus of three playwrights based on descriptions of the projected plays. Each playwright would be assigned a choregos, also selected by the archon, from among the wealthy citizens who would pay all the expenses of costumes, masks, and training the chorus. The archon also assigned each playwright a principal actor (the <i>protagonist</i>), as well as a second and third actor. The City Dionysia, an ancient dramatic festival held in March in which tragedy, comedy, and satyric drama originated, was under the direction of one of the principal magistrates, the <i>archon eponymos</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Byzantine_Empire">Byzantine Empire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Byzantine Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> historians usually described foreign rulers as <i>archontes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a> themselves, along with their <a href="/wiki/Kanasubigi" title="Kanasubigi">own titles</a>, often bear the title <i>archon placed by God</i> in inscriptions in Greek. </p><p>Inside Byzantium, the term could be used to refer to any powerful noble or magnate, but in a technical sense, it was applied to a class of provincial governors. In the 8th and 9th centuries, these were the governors of some of the more peripheral provinces, inferior in status to the <i><a href="/wiki/Theme_(Byzantine_district)" title="Theme (Byzantine district)">themata</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cephalonia" title="Cephalonia">Cephalonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>. <i>Archontes</i> were also placed in charge of various naval bases and trade stations, as well as semi-autonomous <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a>-inhabited areas (<i><a href="/wiki/Sclaviniae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sclaviniae">sclaviniae</a></i>) under Byzantine sovereignty. In the 10th–12th centuries, <i>archontes</i> are also mentioned as the governors of specific cities. The area of an archon's jurisdiction was called an <i><b>archontia</b></i> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀρχοντία</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODB-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title was also used for the holders of several financial posts, such as the head of the <a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">mint</a> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἄρχων τῆς χαραγῆς</span></span>), as well as directors of the imperial workshops, arsenals, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The title of <i><b><a href="/wiki/Megas_archon" title="Megas archon">megas archon</a></b></i> ("grand archon") is also attested, as a translation of foreign titles such as "grand prince". In the mid-13th century, it was established as a special court rank, held by the highest-ranking official of the emperor's company. It existed throughout the <a href="/wiki/Palaiologan_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaiologan period">Palaiologan period</a>, but did not have any specific functions.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ottoman Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archonte_Grec,_dessin%C3%A9_par_le_baron_de_Stackelberg_-_Stackelberg_Otto_Magnus_Von_-_1828.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Archonte_Grec%2C_dessin%C3%A9_par_le_baron_de_Stackelberg_-_Stackelberg_Otto_Magnus_Von_-_1828.jpg/220px-Archonte_Grec%2C_dessin%C3%A9_par_le_baron_de_Stackelberg_-_Stackelberg_Otto_Magnus_Von_-_1828.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Archonte_Grec%2C_dessin%C3%A9_par_le_baron_de_Stackelberg_-_Stackelberg_Otto_Magnus_Von_-_1828.jpg/330px-Archonte_Grec%2C_dessin%C3%A9_par_le_baron_de_Stackelberg_-_Stackelberg_Otto_Magnus_Von_-_1828.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Archonte_Grec%2C_dessin%C3%A9_par_le_baron_de_Stackelberg_-_Stackelberg_Otto_Magnus_Von_-_1828.jpg/440px-Archonte_Grec%2C_dessin%C3%A9_par_le_baron_de_Stackelberg_-_Stackelberg_Otto_Magnus_Von_-_1828.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>A Greek archon in Ottoman dress, 1828</figcaption></figure> <p>During the centuries of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman rule in Greece</a>, archons remained a part of urban administration. In <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> during this period, there were four archons appointed every two years by the citizens to serve in the city government as representatives of the Greeks. These archons served alongside the <a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">Cadi</a> (Islamic judge) in the court of the <a href="/wiki/Voivode#Ottoman_Greece" title="Voivode">Voivode</a>. The archons of Ottoman Athens were chosen from the most powerful and wealthy families in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archons_of_the_Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople">Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Archons_of_the_Ecumenical_Patriarchate" title="Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate">Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate</a></div> <p>From time to time, <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">laity</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox Church</a> in communion with the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Patriarch of Constantinople</a> have been granted the title of <i>archon</i> to honor their service to Church administration.<sup id="cite_ref-K_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-K-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1963, archons in the United States were organized into a service society, the Order of St. Andrew. This archon status is not part of the Church hierarchy and is purely honorary. </p><p>An archon is an honoree by His All Holiness the Ecumenical Patriarch, for his outstanding service to the Church, and a well-known, distinguished, and well-respected leader of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox Church</a> (at large). </p><p>It is the sworn oath of the archon to defend and promote the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox Church</a> faith and tradition. His main concern is to protect and promote the Holy Patriarchate and its mission. He is also concerned with <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> and the well-being and general welfare of the Church. </p><p>As it is a significant religious position, the faith and dedication of a candidate for the role are extensively reviewed during consideration; the candidate should have demonstrated commitment for the betterment of the Church, Parish-Diocese, Archdiocese and the community as a whole.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_uses">Other uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Archon" is used in Modern Greek colloquially, as <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">άρχοντας</span></span> (<i>archontas)</i>, for someone that holds a form of status or power,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arab</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Copt" class="mw-redirect" title="Copt">Copts</a> use it in church parlance in the form <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أرخن</span></span> <span title="ISO 233 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʼurḫun</i></span> as a title for a leading member of the <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">laity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archon was the title of <a href="/wiki/Great_Officers_of_State" title="Great Officers of State">Great Officers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can also be used as a title in <a href="/wiki/Fraternities_and_sororities" title="Fraternities and sororities">fraternities and sororities</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostic</a> religious traditions, the term <i><a href="/wiki/Archon_(Gnosticism)" title="Archon (Gnosticism)">archon</a></i> generally refers to a group of seven supernatural beings, associated with the seven <a href="/wiki/Classical_planet" title="Classical planet">classical planets</a> and considered to be responsible for the creation of the physical world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/archon" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/archon">archon</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/27px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/36px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exousiastes" title="Exousiastes">Exousiastes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell1911444-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell1911444_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell1911444_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMitchell1911">Mitchell 1911</a>, p. 444.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMitchell1911445-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell1911445_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMitchell1911">Mitchell 1911</a>, p. 445.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aksum: an African civilisation of late antiquity By Stuart C. Munro-Hay Page 145 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7486-0209-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7486-0209-7">0-7486-0209-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODB-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ODB_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKazhdan1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a>, ed. (1991). <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8"><bdi>0-19-504652-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-504652-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKazhdan1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a>, ed. (1991). <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_Byzantium" title="Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium">The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</a></i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">160–</span>161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-504652-8"><bdi>0-19-504652-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E160-%3C%2Fspan%3E161&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-19-504652-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBartusis1997" class="citation cs2">Bartusis, Mark C. (1997), <i>The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204-1453</i>, University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 382, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-1620-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8122-1620-2"><bdi>0-8122-1620-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Late+Byzantine+Army%3A+Arms+and+Society+1204-1453&rft.pages=382&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8122-1620-2&rft.aulast=Bartusis&rft.aufirst=Mark+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcNeal2010" class="citation book cs1">McNeal, R.A. (2010). <i>Nicholas Biddle in Greece: The Journals and Letters Of 1806</i>. Penn State Press. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/027104165X" title="Special:BookSources/027104165X"><bdi>027104165X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nicholas+Biddle+in+Greece%3A+The+Journals+and+Letters+Of+1806&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Penn+State+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=027104165X&rft.aulast=McNeal&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-K-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-K_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlexandrov2020" class="citation web cs1">Alexandrov, Kirill (2020-03-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orthochristian.com/129620.html">"Who do the Archons of the Patriarchate of Constantinople Serve?"</a>. <i>Orthodox Christianity</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orthodox+Christianity&rft.atitle=Who+do+the+Archons+of+the+Patriarchate+of+Constantinople+Serve%3F&rft.date=2020-03-26&rft.aulast=Alexandrov&rft.aufirst=Kirill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forthochristian.com%2F129620.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slang.gr/lemma/9091-arxontas">"Άρχοντας - SLANG.gr"</a>. <i>www.slang.gr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.slang.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%86%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82+-+SLANG.gr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slang.gr%2Flemma%2F9091-arxontas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBadawiHinds2009" class="citation book cs1">Badawi, El-Said; Hinds, Martin (2009). <i>A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic: Arabic-English</i>. Beirut: Librairie du Liban. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9953865225" title="Special:BookSources/978-9953865225"><bdi>978-9953865225</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Egyptian+Arabic%3A+Arabic-English&rft.place=Beirut&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Librairie+du+Liban&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-9953865225&rft.aulast=Badawi&rft.aufirst=El-Said&rft.au=Hinds%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSiragusa1885" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Siragusa, Giovanni Battista (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wbmkeIqiwFYC&pg=RA1-PA59"><i>Il regno di Guglielmo i in Sicilia</i></a> (in Italian). tip. dello "Statuto,".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+regno+di+Guglielmo+i+in+Sicilia&rft.pub=tip.+dello+%22Statuto%2C%22&rft.date=1885&rft.aulast=Siragusa&rft.aufirst=Giovanni+Battista&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwbmkeIqiwFYC%26pg%3DRA1-PA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i> (<i>aka</i> Liddell and Scott), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-864226-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-864226-1">0-19-864226-1</a></li> <li><i>The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Companion_to_Classical_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Companion to Classical Literature">Oxford Companion to Classical Literature</a></i>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-866121-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-866121-5">0-19-866121-5</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130709042908/http://www.archons.patriarchate.org/">Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMitchell1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mitchell, John Malcolm (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Archon"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Archon">"Archon" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">444–</span>445.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archon&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E444-%3C%2Fspan%3E445&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=John+Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArchon" class="Z3988"></span> This contains a detailed account of the evolution of the Greek office, and the qualifications required. Authorities cited: <ul><li>G. Gilbert, <i>Constitutional Antiquities</i> (Eng. trans., 1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Meyer" title="Eduard Meyer">Eduard Meyer</a>'s <i>Geschichte des Alterthums</i>, ii. sect. 228</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Hendy_Jones_Greenidge" class="mw-redirect" title="Abel Hendy Jones Greenidge">A. H. J. Greenidge</a>, <i>Handbook of Greek Constitutional History</i> (1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wycliffe_Headlam-Morley" class="mw-redirect" title="James Wycliffe Headlam-Morley">J. W. Headlam</a>, <i>On Election by Lot in Athens</i> (Camb., 1891)</li></ul></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archon&oldid=1270595860">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Archon&oldid=1270595860</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Positions_of_subnational_authority" title="Category:Positions of subnational authority">Positions of subnational authority</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_titles" title="Category:Ancient Greek titles">Ancient Greek titles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Byzantine_titles_and_offices" title="Category:Byzantine titles and offices">Byzantine titles and offices</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fraternity_and_sorority_culture" title="Category:Fraternity and sorority culture">Fraternity and sorority culture</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2007" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2007">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2025" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2025">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 January 2025, at 08:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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