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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trinity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Trinity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trinity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sin,_salvation,_and_the_incarnation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sin,_salvation,_and_the_incarnation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sin, salvation, and the incarnation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sin,_salvation,_and_the_incarnation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resurrection_of_Christ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resurrection_of_Christ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Resurrection of Christ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resurrection_of_Christ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Christian life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virgin_Mary_and_other_saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgin_Mary_and_other_saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Virgin Mary and other saints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgin_Mary_and_other_saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eschatology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eschatology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Eschatology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eschatology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bible" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bible"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Bible</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bible-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holy_tradition_and_patristic_consensus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_tradition_and_patristic_consensus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Holy tradition and patristic consensus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_tradition_and_patristic_consensus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorial_expansion_and_doctrinal_integrity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_expansion_and_doctrinal_integrity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Territorial expansion and doctrinal integrity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_expansion_and_doctrinal_integrity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liturgy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liturgy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Liturgy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Liturgy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Liturgy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Liturgy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Church_calendar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Church_calendar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Church calendar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church_calendar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Church_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Church_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Church services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Church_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music_and_chanting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_chanting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Music and chanting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_chanting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Traditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Traditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Traditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Monasticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monasticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Monasticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monasticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Icons_and_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Icons_and_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Icons and symbols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Icons_and_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Icons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Icons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Icons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Icons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iconostasis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iconostasis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Iconostasis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iconostasis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cross" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cross"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Cross</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cross-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_and_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Art and architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_and_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Local customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holy_mysteries_(sacraments)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_mysteries_(sacraments)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Holy mysteries (sacraments)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Holy_mysteries_(sacraments)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Holy mysteries (sacraments) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Holy_mysteries_(sacraments)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baptism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baptism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Baptism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baptism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chrismation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chrismation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Chrismation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chrismation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holy_Communion_(Eucharist)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_Communion_(Eucharist)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Holy Communion (Eucharist)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_Communion_(Eucharist)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repentance_(Confession)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repentance_(Confession)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Repentance (Confession)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repentance_(Confession)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Marriage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holy_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holy_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Holy orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holy_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tertiary_reference_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tertiary_reference_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Tertiary reference works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tertiary_reference_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern Orthodoxy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مسيحية أرثوذكسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسيحية أرثوذكسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99rqi_ortodoks_xristianl%C4%B1q" title="Şərqi ortodoks xristianlıq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şərqi ortodoks xristianlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Православие дине – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Православие дине" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B5" title="Праваслаўе – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Праваслаўе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B5" title="Праваслаўе – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Праваслаўе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Православие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Православие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravoslavlje" title="Pravoslavlje – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pravoslavlje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үнэн алдарта шажан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үнэн алдарта шажан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianisme_ortodox" title="Cristianisme ortodox – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cristianisme ortodox" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Православи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Православи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravoslav%C3%AD" title="Pravoslaví – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pravoslaví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95igeusk" title="Õigeusk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Õigeusk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B8%CF%8C%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BE%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ανατολικός Ορθόδοξος Χριστιανισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανατολικός Ορθόδοξος Χριστιανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortodoxia_bizantina" title="Ortodoxia bizantina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ortodoxia bizantina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortodoksismo" title="Ortodoksismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ortodoksismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristautasun_ortodoxo" title="Kristautasun ortodoxo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kristautasun ortodoxo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C" title="مسیحیت ارتدکس شرقی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسیحیت ارتدکس شرقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianisme_orthodoxe" title="Christianisme orthodoxe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Christianisme orthodoxe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EA%B5%90" title="동방정교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동방정교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ուղղափառություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուղղափառություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravoslavlje" title="Pravoslavlje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pravoslavlje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortodoxismo" title="Ortodoxismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ortodoxismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortodoksi_Timur" title="Ortodoksi Timur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ortodoksi Timur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BD%C3%A6%D0%B3_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Растуырнæг дин – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Растуырнæг дин" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მართლმადიდებლობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მართლმადიდებლობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waorthodoksi" title="Waorthodoksi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waorthodoksi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianitas_Orthodoxa" title="Christianitas Orthodoxa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Christianitas Orthodoxa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareiztic%C4%ABba" title="Pareizticība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pareizticība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Православие – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Православие" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristianisma_%C3%B4rt%C3%B4d%C3%B4ksa" title="Kristianisma ôrtôdôksa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kristianisma ôrtôdôksa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="ഓർത്തഡോൿസ്‌ സഭകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓർത്തഡോൿസ്‌ സഭകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="მართმადიდებელობა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მართმადიდებელობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ارتودوكسيه شرقيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارتودوكسيه شرقيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ортодоксан керсталла – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ортодоксан керсталла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortodoxia" title="Ortodoxia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ortodoxia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Танле тын – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Танле тын" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravoslavlik" title="Pravoslavlik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pravoslavlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawos%C5%82awie" title="Prawosławie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prawosławie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismo_ortodoxo" title="Cristianismo ortodoxo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cristianismo ortodoxo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortodoksl%C4%B1q" title="Ortodokslıq – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ortodokslıq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%94" title="Православіє – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Православіє" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Православие – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Православие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Christianity" title="Orthodox Christianity – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Orthodox Christianity" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%95%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BA" title="ඕර්තඩොක්ස් ක්‍රිස්තියානි ධර්මය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඕර්තඩොක්ස් ක්‍රිස්තියානි ධර්මය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%A5" title="Православиѥ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Православиѥ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%99%D0%B5" title="Православље – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Православље" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravoslavlje" title="Pravoslavlje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pravoslavlje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortodox_kristendom" title="Ortodox kristendom – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ortodox kristendom" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravoslawl%C4%B1q" title="Pravoslawlıq – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Pravoslawlıq" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Масеҳияти православӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Масеҳияти православӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Ortodoksluk" title="Doğu Ortodoksluk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doğu Ortodoksluk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%27%D1%8F" title="Православ'я – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Православ'я" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="东正教 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="东正教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3333484#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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Christianity">Eastern Christianity</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Holy-Sepulchre_Jesus-Detail-01.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)"><img alt="Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jerusalem_Holy-Sepulchre_Jesus-Detail-01.png/120px-Jerusalem_Holy-Sepulchre_Jesus-Detail-01.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jerusalem_Holy-Sepulchre_Jesus-Detail-01.png/180px-Jerusalem_Holy-Sepulchre_Jesus-Detail-01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Jerusalem_Holy-Sepulchre_Jesus-Detail-01.png/240px-Jerusalem_Holy-Sepulchre_Jesus-Detail-01.png 2x" data-file-width="1432" data-file-height="1416" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Mainstream communions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.75em 0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Eritrean</a> -, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_See_of_Cilicia" title="Holy See of Cilicia">Cilicia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Indian</a>) </small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Independent communions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.75em 0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual Russian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Protestant_Christianity" title="Eastern Protestant Christianity">Eastern Protestantism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.75em 0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Evangelical_Church" title="Armenian Evangelical Church">Armenian Evangelical Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Evangelical_Church" title="Assyrian Evangelical Church">Assyrian Evangelical Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Pentecostal_Church" title="Assyrian Pentecostal Church">Assyrian Pentecostal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Believers_Eastern_Church" title="Believers Eastern Church">Believers Eastern Church of India</a></li> <li>Eastern Rite Community in Germany and the Czech Republic</li> <li>Evangelical Baptist Church of Georgia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Egypt_(Synod_of_the_Nile)" title="Evangelical Church of Egypt (Synod of the Nile)">Evangelical Church of Egypt (Synod of the Nile)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Romania" title="Evangelical Church of Romania">Evangelical Church of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Slovenia" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovenia">Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Orthodox_Church" title="Evangelical Orthodox Church">Evangelical Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Protestant_Evangelical_Church" title="Kosovo Protestant Evangelical Church">Kosovo Protestant Evangelical Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%27ent%27ay" title="P'ent'ay">P'ent'ay - Ethiopian and Eritrean Evangelical Churches</a></li> <li>Russian Evangelical Church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite#Society_for_Eastern_Rite_Anglicanism" title="Byzantine Rite">Society for Eastern Rite Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church_of_India" title="St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India">St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India</a></li> <li>St. Valentine's Fellowship</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Lutheran_Church" title="Ukrainian Lutheran Church">Ukrainian Lutheran Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Eastern liturgical rites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.75em 0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Rite" title="Coptic Rite">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Rite">Ge'ez</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_rites" title="Malabar rites">Malabar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Major controversies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.75em 0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monophysitism" title="Monophysitism">Monophysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaphysitism" title="Miaphysitism">Miaphysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyophysitism" title="Dyophysitism">Dyophysitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotikon" title="Henotikon">Henotikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesaropapism" title="Caesaropapism">Caesaropapism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-Chapter_Controversy" title="Three-Chapter Controversy">Three Chapters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoenergism" title="Monoenergism">Monoenergism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monothelitism" title="Monothelitism">Monothelitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyoenergism" title="Dyoenergism">Dyoenergism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyothelitism" title="Dyothelitism">Dyothelitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulicianism" title="Paulicianism">Paulicianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogomilism" title="Bogomilism">Bogomilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">Hesychasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Protestant_Christianity" title="Eastern Protestant Christianity">Eastern Protestantism</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Traditions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.75em 0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite" title="Melkite">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodoxy">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Christianity" title="Syriac Christianity">Syriac</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #efefef">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Christianity" title="Category:Christianity">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #efefef"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size notpageimage skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Principal symbol of Christianity"><img alt="Principal symbol of Christianity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/75px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/100px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></li><li>Foundations</li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="God the Father (Christianity)">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_apologetics" title="Christian apologetics">Apologetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christian_theology" title="History of Christian theology">History of theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_council" title="Ecumenical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #efefef;background:#efefef;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">(full list)</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Christianity" title="Nicene Christianity">Nicene</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedevacantism" title="Sedevacantism">Sedevacantism</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastern Orthodox</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodox</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Free Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravian [Hussite]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">United Protestant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational Christianity</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_Church_of_God_International" title="Members Church of God International">Members Church of God International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">The New Church (Swedenborgian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unitarian,_Universalist,_and_Unitarian_Universalist_churches" title="List of Unitarian, Universalist, and Unitarian Universalist churches">Unitarians and Universalists</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: 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title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_prayer" title="Christian prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">Sermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Christian cross"><img alt="Christian cross" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/20px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/30px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/40px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_sidebar" title="Template talk:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Eastern Orthodoxy</b>, otherwise known as <b>Eastern Orthodox Christianity</b> or <b>Byzantine Christianity</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Holt_2012_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holt_2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the three main <a href="/wiki/Branches_of_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Branches of Christianity">branches</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chalcedonian_Christianity" title="Chalcedonian Christianity">Chalcedonian Christianity</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McAuliffe2008_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McAuliffe2008-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the <a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Pentarchy</a> of the first millennium, the mainstream (or "<a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church">canonical</a>") <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> is <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">organised</a> into <a href="/wiki/Autocephalous" class="mw-redirect" title="Autocephalous">autocephalous</a> churches independent from each other. In the 21st century, the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Autocephalous_Eastern_Orthodox_churches" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">number of mainstream autocephalous churches is seventeen</a>; there also exist <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Unrecognised_churches" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">autocephalous churches unrecognized by those mainstream ones</a>. Autocephalous churches choose their own <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">primate</a>. Autocephalous churches can have <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_jurisdiction" title="Ecclesiastical jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> (authority) over other churches, some of which have the status of "<a href="/wiki/Autonomy_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" title="Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)">autonomous</a>" which means they have more autonomy than simple <a href="/wiki/Eparchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Eparchies">eparchies</a>. </p><p>Many of these jurisdictions correspond to the territories of one or more modern states; the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Patriarchate of Moscow</a>, for example, corresponds to Russia and some of the other <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">post-Soviet states</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can also include <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(religious_jurisdiction)" title="Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)">metropolises</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishoprics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishoprics">bishoprics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Parishes">parishes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Monasteries">monasteries</a>, or outlying <a href="/wiki/Metochion" title="Metochion">metochions</a> corresponding to diasporas that can also be located outside the country where the primate resides (e.g., the case of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a> whose <a href="/wiki/Canonical_territory" title="Canonical territory">canonical territory</a> is located partly in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Greece" title="Northern Greece">northern Greece</a> and the east); sometimes they overlap (the case of <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> where the jurisdictions of the patriarchs <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_All_Romania" title="Patriarch of All Romania">of Bucharest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Moscow_and_all_Rus%27" title="Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'">of Moscow</a> overlap). </p><p>The spread of Eastern Orthodoxy began in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">eastern area</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Basin">Mediterranean Basin</a> within <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Greek_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek culture">Greek culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Holt_2012_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holt_2012-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its communities share an understanding, teaching and offices of great similarity, with a strong sense of seeing each other as parts of one Church. Adherents of Eastern Orthodox Christianity sees their year punctuated by the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">liturgical calendar</a> of the church on which they depend. Eastern Orthodoxy holds that the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a> proceeds from the <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a> and rejects the <i><a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a></i> clause ("and the <a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">Son</a>") added to the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a>, on the grounds that no <a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">council</a> was called for the addition.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theology">Theology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Eastern Orthodox theology</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trinity">Trinity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Trinity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eastern Orthodox Christians believe in the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a>, three distinct, divine persons (<i><a href="/wiki/Hypostasis_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypostasis (philosophy)">hypostases</a></i>), without overlap or <a href="/wiki/Sabellianism" title="Sabellianism">modality</a> among Them, Who each fully share in one divine <a href="/wiki/Essence" title="Essence">essence</a> (<i>ousia</i>, Greek: οὐσία)—uncreated, immaterial, and <a href="/wiki/God_and_eternity" title="God and eternity">eternal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993208–211_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993208–211-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These three persons are typically distinguished by their relation to each other. The <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a> is eternal, neither begotten nor proceeding from any, the <a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">Son</a> is eternal and begotten of the Father, and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Spirit (Christianity)">Holy Spirit</a> is eternal and proceeds from the Father.<sup id="cite_ref-Theokritoff_2010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Theokritoff_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eastern Orthodox doctrine regarding the Trinity is summarised in the Greek edition of the <a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed#Niceno-Constantinopolitan_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a>, which notably does not affirm the <a href="/wiki/Filioque" title="Filioque">Filioque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993202_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993202-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eastern Orthodox Christians believe in a <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">conception of God</a> (God is only one), which is both <a href="/wiki/Transcendence_(religion)" title="Transcendence (religion)">transcendent</a> (wholly independent of, and removed from, the material universe) and <a href="/wiki/Immanence" title="Immanence">immanent</a> (involved in the material universe).<sup id="cite_ref-Theokritoff_2010_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Theokritoff_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In discussing God's relationship to His creation, Eastern Orthodox theology <a href="/wiki/Essence%E2%80%93Energies_distinction" class="mw-redirect" title="Essence–Energies distinction">distinguishes</a> between God's eternal essence, which is totally transcendent, and His <i>uncreated energies</i>, which is how He reaches humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-Theokritoff_2010_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Theokritoff_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The God who is transcendent and the God who touches mankind are one and the same.<sup id="cite_ref-Theokritoff_2010_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Theokritoff_2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That is, these energies are not something that proceed from God or that God produces, but rather they are God himself: distinct, yet inseparable from God's inner being.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare199367–69_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare199367–69-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This view is often called <a href="/wiki/Palamism" title="Palamism">Palamism</a>. </p><p>In understanding the Trinity as "one God in three persons", "three persons" is not to be emphasised more than "one God", and vice versa. While the three persons are distinct, they are united in one divine essence, and Their oneness is expressed in community and action so completely that They cannot be considered separately. For example, Their salvation of mankind is an activity engaged in common: "Christ became man by the good will of the Father and by the cooperation of the Holy Spirit. Christ sends the Holy Spirit who proceeds from the Father, and the Holy Spirit forms Christ in our hearts, and thus God the Father is glorified." Their "communion of essence" is "indivisible". Trinitarian terminology—essence, hypostasis, etc.—are used "philosophically", "to answer the ideas of the heretics", and "to place the terms where they separate error and truth".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHierotheos1998128–130_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHierotheos1998128–130-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sin,_salvation,_and_the_incarnation"><span id="Sin.2C_salvation.2C_and_the_incarnation"></span>Sin, salvation, and the incarnation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sin, salvation, and the incarnation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Damascus_(arabic_icon).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/John_Damascus_%28arabic_icon%29.gif/193px-John_Damascus_%28arabic_icon%29.gif" decoding="async" width="193" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/John_Damascus_%28arabic_icon%29.gif/289px-John_Damascus_%28arabic_icon%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/John_Damascus_%28arabic_icon%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="364" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When Eastern Orthodox Christians refer to "fallen nature", they do not mean that human nature has become evil in itself. Human nature is still formed in the image of God; humans are still God's creation, and God has never created anything evil, but fallen nature remains open to evil intents and actions. It is sometimes said among the Eastern Orthodox that humans are "inclined to sin"; that is, people find some sinful things attractive. It is the nature of temptation to make sinful things seem the more attractive, and it is the fallen nature of humans that seeks or succumbs to the attraction. Eastern Orthodox Christians reject the <a href="/wiki/Augustinianism" title="Augustinianism">Augustinian position</a> that the descendants of Adam and Eve are actually guilty of the <a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">original sin</a> of their ancestors.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resurrection_of_Christ">Resurrection of Christ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Resurrection of Christ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1678._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%9E_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/1678._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%9E_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg/200px-1678._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%9E_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/1678._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%9E_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg/300px-1678._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%9E_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/1678._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%9E_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg/399px-1678._%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5_%D1%9E_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>A 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox</a> icon of the Resurrection</figcaption></figure> <p>The Eastern Orthodox Church understands the death and resurrection of Jesus to be real historical events, as described in the gospels of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_life">Christian life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Christian life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Church teaching is that Eastern Orthodox Christians, through baptism, enter a new life of salvation through repentance whose purpose is to share in the life of God through the work of the Holy Spirit. The Eastern Orthodox Christian life is a spiritual pilgrimage in which each person, through the <a href="/wiki/Imitation_of_Christ" title="Imitation of Christ">imitation of Christ</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">hesychasm</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHierotheos1998234–237,_(241=Glossary)_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHierotheos1998234–237,_(241=Glossary)-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cultivates the practice of unceasing prayer. Each life occurs within the life of the church as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">body of Christ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2006[httporthodoxinfocomgeneraltheosis-englishpdf_34]_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2006[httporthodoxinfocomgeneraltheosis-englishpdf_34]-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is then through the fire of God's love in the action of the Holy Spirit that each member becomes more holy, more wholly unified with Christ, starting in this life and continuing in the next.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxford_Dict_Christian_Church3rd_ed_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxford_Dict_Christian_Church3rd_ed-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church teaches that everyone, being born in God's image, is called to <a href="/wiki/Theosis_(Eastern_Christian_theology)" title="Theosis (Eastern Christian theology)">theosis</a>, fulfillment of the image in likeness to God. God the creator, having divinity by nature, offers each person participation in divinity by cooperatively accepting His gift of grace. This isn't to be mistaken as participating in the essence of God but rather participating in His energies. This would mean that we do not become "divine", we still remain human but become "gods" by grace, or in other words "icons of the living God" as many call it. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2006[httporthodoxinfocomgeneraltheosis-englishpdf_21]_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2006[httporthodoxinfocomgeneraltheosis-englishpdf_21]-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Eastern Orthodox Church, in understanding itself to be the <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a>, and similarly in understanding the Christian life to lead to the unification in Christ of all members of his body, views the church as embracing all Christ's members, those now living on earth, and also all those through the ages who have passed on to the heavenly life. The church includes the Christian saints from all times, and also judges, prophets and righteous Jews of the first covenant, Adam and Eve, even the angels and heavenly hosts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHierotheos199825–30_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHierotheos199825–30-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Eastern Orthodox services, the earthly members together with the heavenly members worship God as one community in Christ, in a union that transcends time and space and joins heaven to earth. This unity of the Church is sometimes called the <i><a href="/wiki/Communion_of_the_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Communion of the saints">communion of the saints</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHierotheos199823_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHierotheos199823-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virgin_Mary_and_other_saints">Virgin Mary and other saints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Virgin Mary and other saints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tinos_panagia_evangelistria_200707_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Tinos_panagia_evangelistria_200707_04.jpg/220px-Tinos_panagia_evangelistria_200707_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Tinos_panagia_evangelistria_200707_04.jpg/330px-Tinos_panagia_evangelistria_200707_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Tinos_panagia_evangelistria_200707_04.jpg/440px-Tinos_panagia_evangelistria_200707_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Tinos" title="Our Lady of Tinos">Our Lady of Tinos</a> is the major <a href="/wiki/Marian_shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian shrine">Marian shrine</a> in Greece</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vladimirskaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Vladimirskaya.jpg/220px-Vladimirskaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Vladimirskaya.jpg/330px-Vladimirskaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Vladimirskaya.jpg/440px-Vladimirskaya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Theotokos_of_Vladimir" class="mw-redirect" title="Theotokos of Vladimir">Theotokos of Vladimir</a>, one of the most venerated Orthodox Christian icons of the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pre-eminent among the saints is the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> (commonly referred to as <i>Theotokos</i> or <i>Bogorodica</i>: "<a href="/wiki/Mother_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother of God">Mother of God</a>"). In <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Eastern Orthodox theology</a>, the Mother of God is the fulfillment of the Old Testament archetypes revealed in the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> (because she carried the New Covenant in the person of Christ) and the <a href="/wiki/Burning_bush" title="Burning bush">burning bush</a> that appeared before <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> (symbolising the Mother of God's carrying of God without being consumed).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Eastern Orthodox believe that Christ, from the moment of his conception, was both fully God and fully human. Mary is thus called the <i>Theotokos</i> or <i>Bogorodica</i> as an affirmation of the divinity of the one to whom she gave birth. It is also believed that her virginity was not compromised in conceiving God-incarnate, that she was not harmed and that she remained forever a virgin. Scriptural references to "brothers" of Christ are interpreted as kin. Due to her unique place in salvation history according to Eastern Orthodox teaching, Mary is honoured above all other saints in this religion and especially venerated for the great work that God accomplished through her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993257–258_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993257–258-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Eastern Orthodox Church regards the bodies of all saints as holy because of their participation in prescribed rituals called <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Holy_mysteries_(sacraments)" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">holy mysteries</a>. Physical items connected with saints are also regarded as holy, through their participation in the earthly works of those saints. According to Eastern Orthodox church teaching and tradition, God himself bears witness to this holiness of saints' <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a> through the many miracles connected with them that have been reported throughout history since biblical times, often including healing from disease and injury.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993234_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993234-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eschatology">Eschatology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Eschatology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torcello_-_Santa_Maria_Assunta.Last_Judgement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Torcello_-_Santa_Maria_Assunta.Last_Judgement.jpg/200px-Torcello_-_Santa_Maria_Assunta.Last_Judgement.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Torcello_-_Santa_Maria_Assunta.Last_Judgement.jpg/300px-Torcello_-_Santa_Maria_Assunta.Last_Judgement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Torcello_-_Santa_Maria_Assunta.Last_Judgement.jpg/400px-Torcello_-_Santa_Maria_Assunta.Last_Judgement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2760" data-file-height="3684" /></a><figcaption><i>Last Judgment</i>: 12th-century <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> mosaic from <a href="/wiki/Torcello" title="Torcello">Torcello</a> Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <p>Eastern Orthodox Christians believe that when a person dies the soul is temporarily separated from the body. Though it may linger for a short period on Earth, it is ultimately escorted either to paradise (<a href="/wiki/Abraham%27s_bosom" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham's bosom">Abraham's bosom</a>) or the darkness of <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_Hades" title="Christian views on Hades">Hades</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Particular_judgment" title="Particular judgment">Temporary Judgment</a>. Orthodox do not accept the doctrine of <a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">Purgatory</a>, which is held by Catholicism. The soul's experience of either of these states is only a "foretaste"—being experienced only by the soul—until the <a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Final Judgment</a>, when the soul and body will be reunited.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-soul_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soul-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Eastern Orthodox believe that the state of the soul in Hades can be affected by the love and prayers of the righteous up until the Last Judgment.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this reason the Church offers a special <a href="/wiki/Prayer_for_the_dead" title="Prayer for the dead">prayer for the dead</a> on the third day, ninth day, fortieth day, and the one-year anniversary after the death of an Eastern Orthodox Christian. There are also several days throughout the year that are set aside for general commemoration of the departed, sometimes including nonbelievers. These days usually fall on a Saturday, since it was on a Saturday that Christ lay in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Tomb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-soul_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soul-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Eastern Orthodox believe that after the Final Judgment: </p> <ul><li>All souls will be reunited with their <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_the_Dead" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection of the Dead">resurrected bodies</a>.</li> <li>All souls will fully experience their spiritual state.</li> <li>Having been perfected, the saints will forever progress towards a deeper and fuller love of God, which equates with eternal happiness.<sup id="cite_ref-soul_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soul-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bible">Bible</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bible"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol5v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol5v.jpg/200px-Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol5v.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol5v.jpg/300px-Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol5v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol5v.jpg/400px-Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol5v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption><i>David glorified by the women of Israel</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Psalter" title="Paris Psalter">Paris Psalter</a>, example of the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian art (Byzantine)</a> (sometimes called the <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Renaissance" title="Macedonian Renaissance">Macedonian Renaissance</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The official Bible of the Eastern Orthodox Church contains the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> text of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a> given in the translation by <a href="/wiki/Theodotion" title="Theodotion">Theodotion</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Patriarchal_Text" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchal Text">Patriarchal Text</a> is used for the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orthodox Christians hold that the Bible is a verbal icon of Christ, as proclaimed by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea" title="Second Council of Nicaea">7th ecumenical council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1991209_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1991209-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They refer to the Bible as <a href="/wiki/Holy_scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy scripture">holy scripture</a>, meaning writings containing the foundational truths of the Christian faith as revealed by Christ and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> to its divinely inspired human authors. Holy scripture forms the primary and authoritative written witness of <a href="/wiki/Holy_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy tradition">holy tradition</a> and is essential as the basis for all Orthodox teaching and belief.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1991209_(quoting_[[John_Chrysostom|St._John_Chrysostom]]):_"It_is_impossible_for_a_man_to_be_saved_if_he_does_not_read_the_Scriptures."_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1991209_(quoting_[[John_Chrysostom|St._John_Chrysostom]]):_"It_is_impossible_for_a_man_to_be_saved_if_he_does_not_read_the_Scriptures."-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once established as holy scripture, there has never been any question that the Eastern Orthodox Church holds the full list<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2022)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> of books to be venerable and beneficial for reading and study,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though it informally holds some books in higher esteem than others, the four gospels highest of all. Of the subgroups significant enough to be named, the "<a href="/wiki/Anagignoskomena" class="mw-redirect" title="Anagignoskomena">Anagignoskomena</a>" (ἀναγιγνωσκόμενα, "things that are read") comprises ten of the Old Testament books rejected in the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Bible" title="Protestant Bible">Protestant canon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-deuterocanonical_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deuterocanonical-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but deemed by the Eastern Orthodox worthy to be read in worship services, even though they carry a lesser esteem than the 39 books of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew canon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lowest tier contains the remaining books not accepted by either Protestants or Catholics, among them, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a>. Though it is a psalm, and is in the book of psalms, it is not classified as being within the Psalter (the first 150 psalms).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eastern Orthodoxy does not subscribe to the doctrine of <i><a href="/wiki/Sola_scriptura" title="Sola scriptura">sola scriptura</a></i>. Rather, Eastern Orthodoxy teaches that its church has defined what Scripture is, and therefore, its church also interprets the meanings of Scripture.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scriptures are understood by Eastern Orthodox interpretation to contain historical fact, poetry, idiom, metaphor, simile, moral fable, parable, prophecy and <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_literature" title="Wisdom literature">wisdom literature</a>, and each bears its own consideration in its interpretation. While divinely inspired, the text still consists of words in human languages, arranged in humanly recognisable forms. The Eastern Orthodox Church does not oppose honest critical and historical study of the Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-Ware1991_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ware1991-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holy_tradition_and_patristic_consensus">Holy tradition and patristic consensus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Holy tradition and patristic consensus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Eastern Orthodoxy, "<a href="/wiki/Vincentian_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincentian Canon">that faith which has been believed everywhere, always, and by all</a>", the faith taught by Jesus to the apostles, given life by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>, and passed down to future generations without additions and without subtractions, is known as <a href="/wiki/Holy_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy tradition">holy tradition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993195–196_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993195–196-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holy tradition does not change in the Eastern Orthodox Church because it encompasses those things that do not change: the nature of the one God in Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, the history of God's interactions with his peoples, the Law as given to the Israelites, all Christ's teaching as given to the disciples and Jews and recorded in scripture, including the parables, the prophecies, the miracles, and his own example to humanity in his extreme humility. It encompasses also the worship of the church, which grew out of the worship of the synagogue and temple and was extended by Christ at the last supper, and the relationship between God and his people which that worship expresses, which is also evidenced between Christ and his disciples. It includes the authority that Christ bestowed on his disciples when he made them apostles.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Holy tradition is firm, even unyielding, but not rigid or legalistic; instead, it lives and breathes within the church.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the New Testament was entirely written by the early church (mostly the apostles). The whole Bible was accepted as scripture by means of holy tradition practised within the early church. The writing and acceptance took five centuries, by which time the holy scriptures themselves had become in their entirety a part of holy tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1991205_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1991205-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But holy tradition did not change, because "that faith which has been believed everywhere, always, and by all" remained consistent, without additions, and without subtractions. The historical development of the Divine Liturgy and other worship services and devotional practices of the church provide a similar example of extension and growth "without change".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1991213_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1991213-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Besides these, holy tradition includes the doctrinal definitions and statements of faith of the seven ecumenical councils, including the <a href="/wiki/Nicene-Constantinopolitan_Creed" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed">Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed</a>, and some later local councils, patristic writings, <a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church">canon law</a>, and icons. Not all portions of holy tradition are held to be equally strong. Some—the holy scriptures foremost, certain aspects of worship, especially in the Divine Liturgy, the doctrines of the ecumenical councils, the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed—possess a verified authority that endures forever, irrevocably. However, with local councils and patristic writings, the church applies a selective judgement. Some councils and writers have occasionally fallen into error, and some contradict each other.<sup id="cite_ref-Ware1991_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ware1991-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In other cases, opinions differ, no consensus is forthcoming, and all are free to choose. With agreement among the Church Fathers, though, the authority of interpretation grows, and full patristic consensus is very strong. With canon law (which tends to be highly rigorous and very strict, especially with clergy) an unalterable validity also does not apply, since canons deal with living on earth, where conditions are always changing and each case is subject to almost infinite variation from the next.<sup id="cite_ref-Ware1991_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ware1991-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By tradition, the Eastern Orthodox Church, when faced with issues that are larger than a single bishop can resolve, holds a local council. The bishops convene (as St. Paul called the Corinthians to do) to seek the <i>mind of the church</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A council's declarations or edicts then reflect its consensus (if one can be found). An ecumenical council is only called for issues of such importance, difficulty or pervasiveness that smaller councils are insufficient to address them. Ecumenical councils' declarations and canons carry binding weight by virtue of their representation across the whole church, by which the mind of the church can be readily seen. However, not all issues are so difficult as to require an ecumenical council to resolve. Some doctrines or decisions, not defined in a formal statement or proclaimed officially, nevertheless are held by the church unshakably and unanimously without internal disturbance, and these, also reflecting the mind of the church, are just as firmly irrevocable as a formal declaration of an ecumenical council. Lack of formality does not imply lack of authority within holy tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-Ware1991_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ware1991-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_expansion_and_doctrinal_integrity">Territorial expansion and doctrinal integrity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Territorial expansion and doctrinal integrity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the church increased in size through the centuries, the logistic dynamics of operating such large entities shifted: patriarchs, metropolitans, archimandrites, abbots and abbesses, all rose up to cover certain points of administration.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liturgy">Liturgy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Liturgy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox worship</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meister_der_Sophien-Kathedrale_von_Ohrid_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Meister_der_Sophien-Kathedrale_von_Ohrid_001.jpg/220px-Meister_der_Sophien-Kathedrale_von_Ohrid_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Meister_der_Sophien-Kathedrale_von_Ohrid_001.jpg/330px-Meister_der_Sophien-Kathedrale_von_Ohrid_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Meister_der_Sophien-Kathedrale_von_Ohrid_001.jpg/440px-Meister_der_Sophien-Kathedrale_von_Ohrid_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2020" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">Fresco</a> of <a href="/wiki/Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil the Great">Basil the Great</a>, in the church of <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Sophia,_Ohrid" title="Church of Saint Sophia, Ohrid">Saint Sophia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohrid" title="Ohrid">Ohrid</a>. The saint is shown <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecrating</a> the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Mysteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Mysteries">Gifts</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Divine Liturgy</a> which bears his name.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Church_calendar">Church calendar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Church calendar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Lesser cycles also run in tandem with the annual ones. A weekly cycle of days prescribes a specific focus for each day in addition to others that may be observed:<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Each day of the Weekly Cycle is dedicated to certain special memorials. Sunday is dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Christ's Resurrection</a>; Monday honors the holy bodiless powers (angels, archangels, etc.); Tuesday is dedicated to the prophets and especially the greatest of the prophets, <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">St. John the Forerunner and Baptist of the Lord</a>; Wednesday is consecrated to the Cross and recalls Judas' betrayal; Thursday honors the holy apostles and hierarchs, especially <a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">St. Nicholas, Bishop of Myra in Lycia</a>; Friday is also consecrated to the Cross and recalls the day of the Crucifixion; Saturday is dedicated to All Saints, especially the <a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God</a>, and to the memory of all those who have departed this life in the hope of resurrection and eternal life.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Church_services">Church services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Church services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canonical_hours#Byzantine_Rite_usage" title="Canonical hours">Canonical hours § Byzantine Rite usage</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music_and_chanting">Music and chanting</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Music and chanting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriarchate_Constantinopolis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Patriarchate_Constantinopolis.jpg/220px-Patriarchate_Constantinopolis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Patriarchate_Constantinopolis.jpg/330px-Patriarchate_Constantinopolis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Patriarchate_Constantinopolis.jpg/440px-Patriarchate_Constantinopolis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Chanters singing on the <a href="/wiki/Kliros" title="Kliros">kliros</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._George,_Istanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St. George, Istanbul">Church of St. George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchate of Constantinople">Patriarchate of Constantinople</a></figcaption></figure> <p>For the composition of religious chant, the <a href="/wiki/Octoechos" title="Octoechos">Octoechos</a>, an eight-<a href="/wiki/Mode_(music)" title="Mode (music)">tone (mode)</a> system, analogous to the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_mode" title="Gregorian mode">Gregorian modes</a> in the West, and to other ancient Christian musical systems, is used. <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine music</a> is <a href="/wiki/Microtonal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtonal music">microtonal</a>. </p><p>Northern Slavs, however, have used simpler tonal systems evolved through the sundry local types of <a href="/wiki/Znamenny_chant" title="Znamenny chant">Znamenny chant</a>; today <a href="/wiki/Western_culture#Music" title="Western culture">Western music</a>, often with <a href="/wiki/Four-part_harmony" title="Four-part harmony">four-part harmony</a>, and the "tones" are simply sets of melodies. </p><p>There are numerous versions and styles that are traditional and acceptable and these vary a great deal between cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993238_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993238-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditions">Traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monasticism">Monasticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Monasticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_monasticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox monasticism">Eastern Orthodox monasticism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Degrees_of_Eastern_Orthodox_monasticism" title="Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism">Degrees of Eastern Orthodox monasticism</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katharinenkloster_Sinai_BW_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Katharinenkloster_Sinai_BW_2.jpg/220px-Katharinenkloster_Sinai_BW_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Katharinenkloster_Sinai_BW_2.jpg/330px-Katharinenkloster_Sinai_BW_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Katharinenkloster_Sinai_BW_2.jpg/440px-Katharinenkloster_Sinai_BW_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine%27s_Monastery" title="Saint Catherine's Monastery">Saint Catherine's Monastery</a> (6th century), <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Eastern Orthodox Church places emphasis and awards a high level of prestige to traditions of <a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">monasticism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">asceticism</a> with roots in <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Christianity</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a> and Byzantine <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. The most important centres of Christian Orthodox monasticism are <a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine%27s_Monastery" title="Saint Catherine's Monastery">Saint Catherine's Monastery</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> (<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Athos" title="Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Greece" title="Northern Greece">Northern Greece</a>. </p><p>All bishops are monks; if a man who is not a monk is elected a bishop, he must be tonsured a monk before he may be consecrated. Customarily, also, a man must either be a monk or be married to be ordained. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Icons_and_symbols">Icons and symbols</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Icons and symbols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">Christian symbolism</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Icons">Icons</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Icons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrej_Rubl%C3%ABv_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Andrej_Rubl%C3%ABv_001.jpg/220px-Andrej_Rubl%C3%ABv_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Andrej_Rubl%C3%ABv_001.jpg/330px-Andrej_Rubl%C3%ABv_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Andrej_Rubl%C3%ABv_001.jpg/440px-Andrej_Rubl%C3%ABv_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2497" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trinity_(Andrei_Rublev)" title="Trinity (Andrei Rublev)"><i>Hospitality of Abraham</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Rublev" title="Andrei Rublev">Andrei Rublev</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Aspects of the <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> borrow from the pre-Christian <a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic art</a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Chadwick_(theologian)" title="Henry Chadwick (theologian)">Henry Chadwick</a> wrote, "In this instinct there was a measure of truth. The representations of Christ as the Almighty Lord on his judgment throne owed something to pictures of Zeus. Portraits of the Mother of God were not wholly independent of a pagan past of venerated mother-goddesses. In the popular mind the saints had come to fill a role that had been played by heroes and deities."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Icons can be found adorning the walls of churches and often cover the inside structure completely.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993271_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993271-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Eastern Orthodox homes have an area set aside for family prayer, usually an eastern facing wall, where are hung many icons. Icons have been part of Orthodox Christianity since the beginning of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iconostasis">Iconostasis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Iconostasis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iconostasis" title="Iconostasis">Iconostasis</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:People%27s_Salvation_Cathedral_-_Days_of_Consecration_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/People%27s_Salvation_Cathedral_-_Days_of_Consecration_3.jpg/224px-People%27s_Salvation_Cathedral_-_Days_of_Consecration_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/People%27s_Salvation_Cathedral_-_Days_of_Consecration_3.jpg/336px-People%27s_Salvation_Cathedral_-_Days_of_Consecration_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/People%27s_Salvation_Cathedral_-_Days_of_Consecration_3.jpg/448px-People%27s_Salvation_Cathedral_-_Days_of_Consecration_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>Iconostasis of the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_People%27s_Salvation_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian People's Salvation Cathedral">Romanian People's Salvation Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An <i>iconostasis</i>, also called the <i>templon</i>, is a wall of <a href="/wiki/Icons" class="mw-redirect" title="Icons">icons</a> and religious paintings, separating the <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary" title="Sanctuary">sanctuary</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">church</a>. <i>Iconostasis</i> also refers to a portable icon stand that can be placed anywhere within a church. The modern iconostasis evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Templon" title="Templon">templon</a> in the 11th century. The evolution of the iconostasis probably owes a great deal to 14th-century <a href="/wiki/Hesychasm" title="Hesychasm">Hesychast</a> <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mysticism</a> and the wood-carving genius of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>. </p><p>The first ceiling-high, five-leveled Russian iconostasis was designed by <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Rublyov" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrey Rublyov">Andrey Rublyov</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Dormition" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of the Dormition">cathedral of the Dormition</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a> in 1408. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cross">Cross</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cross"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Greek_cross.svg/220px-Greek_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Greek_cross.svg/330px-Greek_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Greek_cross.svg/440px-Greek_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Cross">Greek cross</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OrthodoxCrossblack.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/OrthodoxCrossblack.svg/220px-OrthodoxCrossblack.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/OrthodoxCrossblack.svg/330px-OrthodoxCrossblack.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/OrthodoxCrossblack.svg/440px-OrthodoxCrossblack.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="211" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodoxy">Russian Orthodox</a> cross</figcaption></figure> <p>The small top crossbar represents the sign that <a href="/wiki/Pontius_Pilate" title="Pontius Pilate">Pontius Pilate</a> nailed above Christ's head. It often is inscribed with an acronym, "INRI", Latin for "<a href="/wiki/INRI" class="mw-redirect" title="INRI">Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews</a>" or "INBI", Greek Ἰησοῦς ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεύς τῶν Ἰουδαίων for "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews".<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other crosses associated with the Eastern Orthodox Church are the more traditional single-bar crosses, budded designs, the <a href="/wiki/Greek_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek cross">Greek cross</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Latin_cross" title="Latin cross">Latin cross</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_cross" title="Jerusalem cross">Jerusalem cross</a> (cross pattée), <a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic crosses</a>, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A common symbolism of the slanted foot stool is the foot-rest points up, toward Heaven, on Christ's right hand-side, and downward, to Hades, on Christ's left. "Between two thieves Thy Cross did prove to be a balance of righteousness: wherefore one of them was dragged down to Hades by the weight of his blasphemy <i>[the balance points downward]</i>, whereas the other was lightened of his transgressions unto the comprehension of theology <i>[the balance points upward]</i>. O Christ God, glory to Thee."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_and_architecture">Art and architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Art and architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_church_architecture" title="Eastern Orthodox church architecture">Eastern Orthodox church architecture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orthodox-Church-interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Orthodox-Church-interior.jpg/240px-Orthodox-Church-interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Orthodox-Church-interior.jpg/360px-Orthodox-Church-interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Orthodox-Church-interior.jpg/480px-Orthodox-Church-interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>An illustration of the traditional interior of an Eastern Orthodox church.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Archdiocesan_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity" title="Archdiocesan Cathedral of the Holy Trinity">Archdiocesan Cathedral of the Holy Trinity</a> on New York City's <a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East Side</a> is the largest Eastern Orthodox Christian church in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-StudentEd_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StudentEd-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_customs">Local customs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Local customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broken_vases_on_Holy_Saturday_in_Corfu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Broken_vases_on_Holy_Saturday_in_Corfu.jpg/180px-Broken_vases_on_Holy_Saturday_in_Corfu.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Broken_vases_on_Holy_Saturday_in_Corfu.jpg/270px-Broken_vases_on_Holy_Saturday_in_Corfu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Broken_vases_on_Holy_Saturday_in_Corfu.jpg/360px-Broken_vases_on_Holy_Saturday_in_Corfu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Shards of pottery vases on the street, after being thrown from the windows of nearby houses. A <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a> tradition in <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Locality is also expressed in regional terms of churchly jurisdiction, which is often also drawn along national lines. Many Orthodox churches adopt a national title (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Autocephalous_Church_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania">Albanian Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgarian Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgian Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Ukrainian Orthodox</a>, etc.) and this title can identify which language is used in services, which bishops preside, and which of the typica is followed by specific <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/congregation" class="extiw" title="wikt:congregation">congregations</a>. In the Middle East, Orthodox Christians are usually referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)">Rum</a></i> ("Roman") Orthodox, because of their historical connection with the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBinns20023_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBinns20023-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holy_mysteries_(sacraments)"><span id="Holy_mysteries_.28sacraments.29"></span>Holy mysteries (sacraments)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Holy mysteries (sacraments)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Those things which in the West are often termed <a href="/wiki/Sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments">sacraments</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sacramentals" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramentals">sacramentals</a> are known among the Eastern Orthodox as the "sacred mysteries". While the Roman Catholic Church numbers seven sacraments, and many Protestant groups list two (baptism and the Eucharist) or even none, the Eastern Orthodox do not limit the number. However, for the sake of convenience, <a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">catechisms</a> often speak of the seven great mysteries. Among these are <a href="/wiki/Holy_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Communion">Holy Communion</a> (the most direct connection), <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrismation" title="Chrismation">Chrismation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)" title="Confession (religion)">confession</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unction" class="mw-redirect" title="Unction">unction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matrimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrimony">matrimony</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordination</a>. But the term also properly applies to other sacred actions such as monastic <a href="/wiki/Tonsure" title="Tonsure">tonsure</a> or the blessing of <a href="/wiki/Holy_water_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Holy water in Eastern Christianity">holy water</a>, and involves fasting, almsgiving, or an act as simple as lighting a candle, burning incense, praying or asking God's blessing on food.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993274–277_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993274–277-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baptism">Baptism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Baptism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GreekOrthodoxBaptism1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/GreekOrthodoxBaptism1.jpg/220px-GreekOrthodoxBaptism1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/GreekOrthodoxBaptism1.jpg/330px-GreekOrthodoxBaptism1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/GreekOrthodoxBaptism1.jpg/440px-GreekOrthodoxBaptism1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>An Eastern Orthodox baptism</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a> is the mystery which transforms the old and sinful person into a new and pure one; the old life, the sins, any mistakes made are gone and a clean slate is given. Through baptism a person is united to the <a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a> by becoming a member of the Eastern Orthodox Church. During the service, <a href="/wiki/Holy_water_in_Eastern_Christianity" title="Holy water in Eastern Christianity">water</a> is blessed. The catechumen is fully immersed in the water three times in the name of the Trinity. This is considered to be a death of the "old man" by participation in the crucifixion and burial of Christ, and a rebirth into new life in Christ by participation in his resurrection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993277–278_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993277–278-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Properly, the mystery of baptism is administered by bishops and priests; however, <a href="/wiki/Emergency_baptism" title="Emergency baptism">in emergencies any Eastern Orthodox Christian can baptise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993278_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993278-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chrismation">Chrismation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Chrismation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chrismation" title="Chrismation">Chrismation</a> (sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmation</a>) is the mystery by which a baptised person is granted the gift of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a> through anointing with Holy <a href="/wiki/Chrism" title="Chrism">Chrism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993278–279_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993278–279-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is normally given immediately after baptism as part of the same service, but is also used to receive lapsed members of the Eastern Orthodox Church.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarakas198756–57_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarakas198756–57-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As baptism is a person's participation in the death and resurrection of Christ, so Chrismation is a person's participation in the coming of the Holy Spirit at <a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ware1993p279_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ware1993p279-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A baptised and chrismated Eastern Orthodox Christian is a full member of the church and may receive the Eucharist regardless of age.<sup id="cite_ref-ware1993p279_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ware1993p279-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anointing with chrism substitutes for the laying-on of hands described in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarakas198757_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarakas198757-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holy_Communion_(Eucharist)"><span id="Holy_Communion_.28Eucharist.29"></span>Holy Communion (Eucharist)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Holy Communion (Eucharist)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liturgy_St_James_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Liturgy_St_James_1.jpg/220px-Liturgy_St_James_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Liturgy_St_James_1.jpg/330px-Liturgy_St_James_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Liturgy_St_James_1.jpg/440px-Liturgy_St_James_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Eucharistic elements prepared for the Divine Liturgy</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Communion</a> is given only to baptised and chrismated Eastern Orthodox Christians who have prepared by fasting, prayer and confession. The priest administers the gifts with a spoon, called a "cochlear", directly into the recipient's mouth from the chalice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993287_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993287-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From baptism young infants and children are carried to the chalice to receive holy communion.<sup id="cite_ref-ware1993p279_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ware1993p279-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repentance_(Confession)"><span id="Repentance_.28Confession.29"></span>Repentance (Confession)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Repentance (Confession)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Confession_(religion)" title="Confession (religion)">Confession (religion)</a></div> <p>There are many different practices regarding how often Eastern Orthodox Christians should go to confession. Some Patriarchates advise confession before each reception of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Communion">Holy Communion</a>, others advise confessing during each of the four fasting periods (<a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Great Lent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Fast" title="Apostles' Fast">Apostles' Fast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dormition_Fast" class="mw-redirect" title="Dormition Fast">Dormition Fast</a>), and there are many additional variants.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Marriage in the Eastern Orthodox Church">Marriage in the Eastern Orthodox Church</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wedding_of_Nicholas_II_and_Alexandra_Feodorovna_by_Laurits_Tuxen_(1895,_Hermitage).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Wedding_of_Nicholas_II_and_Alexandra_Feodorovna_by_Laurits_Tuxen_%281895%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg/250px-Wedding_of_Nicholas_II_and_Alexandra_Feodorovna_by_Laurits_Tuxen_%281895%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Wedding_of_Nicholas_II_and_Alexandra_Feodorovna_by_Laurits_Tuxen_%281895%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg/375px-Wedding_of_Nicholas_II_and_Alexandra_Feodorovna_by_Laurits_Tuxen_%281895%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Wedding_of_Nicholas_II_and_Alexandra_Feodorovna_by_Laurits_Tuxen_%281895%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg/500px-Wedding_of_Nicholas_II_and_Alexandra_Feodorovna_by_Laurits_Tuxen_%281895%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1433" /></a><figcaption>The wedding of Tsar <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Nicholas II of Russia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>From the Orthodox perspective, marriage is one of the holy mysteries or sacraments. As well as in many other Christian traditions, for example in Catholicism, it serves to unite a woman and a man in eternal union and love before God, with the purpose of following Christ and his Gospel and raising up a faithful, holy family through their holy union.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The church understands marriage to be the union of one man and one woman, and certain Orthodox leaders have spoken out strongly in opposition to the civil institution of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jesus said that "when they rise from the dead, they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven" (Mk 12:25). For the Orthodox Christian this passage should not be understood to imply that Christian marriage will not remain a reality in the Kingdom, but points to the fact that relations will not be "fleshy", but "spiritual".<sup id="cite_ref-meyendorff70_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meyendorff70-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Love between wife and husband, as an icon of relationship between Christ and Church, is eternal.<sup id="cite_ref-meyendorff70_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meyendorff70-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The church does recognise that there are rare occasions when it is better that couples do separate, but there is no official recognition of civil divorces. For the E. Orthodox, to say that marriage is indissoluble means that it should not be broken, the violation of such a union, perceived as holy, being an offense resulting from either adultery or the prolonged absence of one of the partners. Thus, permitting remarriage is an act of compassion of the church towards sinful man.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holy_orders">Holy orders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Holy orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kheirotonia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kheirotonia.jpg/250px-Kheirotonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kheirotonia.jpg/375px-Kheirotonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Kheirotonia.jpg/500px-Kheirotonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2872" data-file-height="2024" /></a><figcaption>Eastern Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Subdeacon" title="Subdeacon">subdeacon</a> being ordained to the <a href="/wiki/Diaconate" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaconate">diaconate</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> has placed his <a href="/wiki/Omophorion" title="Omophorion">omophorion</a> and right hand on the head of the candidate and is reading the <i>Prayer of <a href="/wiki/Christian_laying_on_of_hands" title="Christian laying on of hands">Cheirotonia</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Widowed priests and <a href="/wiki/Deacons" class="mw-redirect" title="Deacons">deacons</a> may not remarry and it is common for such members of the clergy to retire to a monastery (see <a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy" title="Clerical celibacy">clerical celibacy</a>). This is also true of widowed wives of clergy, who do not remarry and become nuns when their children are grown. Only men are allowed to receive <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">holy orders</a>, although <a href="/wiki/Deaconesses" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaconesses">deaconesses</a> historically had both liturgical and pastoral functions within the church.<sup id="cite_ref-Karras_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karras-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, the Patriarchate of Alexandria decided to reintroduce the order of deaconess.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2017, <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Theodore_II_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria">Patriarch Theodore II</a> consecrated five women to be deacons within the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Patriarchate of Alexandria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_by_country" title="Eastern Orthodoxy by country">Eastern Orthodoxy by country</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Eastern_Orthodox_population.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/World_Eastern_Orthodox_population.png/250px-World_Eastern_Orthodox_population.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/World_Eastern_Orthodox_population.png/375px-World_Eastern_Orthodox_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/World_Eastern_Orthodox_population.png/500px-World_Eastern_Orthodox_population.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Eastern Orthodox population by country</figcaption></figure> <p>Eastern Orthodoxy is the predominant religion in Russia (77%),<sup id="cite_ref-VTSIOM_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VTSIOM-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Public_Opinion_Foundation_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Public_Opinion_Foundation-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where roughly half the world's Eastern Orthodox Christians live. The religion is also heavily concentrated in the rest of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, where it is the majority religion in Ukraine (65.4%<sup id="cite_ref-Razumkov2016_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Razumkov2016-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–77%),<sup id="cite_ref-pewforum1_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pewforum1-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Romania (81%),<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWeb_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWeb-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> (48%<sup id="cite_ref-Belarus2011_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belarus2011-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–73%<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Greece (98%),<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWeb_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWeb-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> (86%),<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWeb_79-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWeb-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> (86%),<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWeb_79-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWeb-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> (90%),<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWeb_79-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWeb-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> (83%),<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWeb_79-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWeb-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> (70%),<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWeb_79-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWeb-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> (80%)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWeb_79-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWeb-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> (73%);<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWeb_79-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWeb-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is also predominant in the disputed territories of <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a>. </p><p>Significant minorities are present in several European countries, such as: <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (31%),<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWeb_79-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWeb-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> (24%), <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> (24%), <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> (7–10%),<sup id="cite_ref-albania_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-albania-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> (4%), <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> (4%), <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> (2%), <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (2%)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> (1.5%). In the <a href="/wiki/Former_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Former USSR">former Soviet republics</a> of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, Eastern Orthodoxy constitutes the dominant religion in northern <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, representing 17.9% of the population of the region,<sup id="cite_ref-2013table28_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2013table28-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is also a significant minority in <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> (10%), <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> (4%), <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> (3%), <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (2%),<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWeb_79-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWeb-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> (1%). </p><p>Significant Eastern Orthodox populations in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a> (primarily <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church" title="Greek Orthodox Church">Greek Orthodox</a>) are in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> (8%),<sup id="cite_ref-freedom_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freedom-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> (5–8%), <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> (2–5%),<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> (1%–2.5%),<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (1–2%).<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">Eastern Orthodox theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">Revised Julian calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_cross" title="Russian Orthodox cross">Russian Orthodox cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushkovayzet" title="Ushkovayzet">Ushkovayzet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eastern_Orthodox_saints" title="List of Eastern Orthodox saints">List of Eastern Orthodox saints</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-deuterocanonical-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-deuterocanonical_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">deuterocanonical books</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Holt_2012-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holt_2012_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holt_2012_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHolt2012" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Holt, Andrew (2012) [2011]. "Byzantine Christianity". <i>The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization</i>. <a href="/wiki/Chichester,_West_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="Chichester, West Sussex">Chichester, West Sussex</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9780470670606.wbecc0212">10.1002/9780470670606.wbecc0212</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470670606" title="Special:BookSources/9780470670606"><bdi>9780470670606</bdi></a>. <q>Byzantine Christianity originated in the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> where it evolved concurrently with the emerging Byzantine state. It was the dominant form of Eastern Christianity throughout the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and during this period <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_theology" title="Eastern Orthodox theology">it developed a complex theological system</a> with <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">unique spiritual practices</a>. Byzantine Christianity's fortunes were in many ways tied to the Byzantine state, because when the empire experienced expansion and heightened influence so did the faith. [...] Although <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">the empire eventually fell</a> under the weight of centuries of <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_wars" title="Arab–Byzantine wars">Islamic aggression</a>, much of Byzantine Christianity has survived in the modern <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox churches</a>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Byzantine+Christianity&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Christian+Civilization&rft.place=Chichester%2C+West+Sussex&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9780470670606.wbecc0212&rft.isbn=9780470670606&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McAuliffe2008-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McAuliffe2008_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAuliffe2008" class="citation book cs1">McAuliffe, Garrett (2008). <i>Culturally Alert Counseling: A Comprehensive Introduction</i>. <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">SAGE Publishing</a>. p. 532. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-1006-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-1006-4"><bdi>978-1-4129-1006-4</bdi></a>. <q>About one-third of the world's population is considered Christian and can be divided into three main branches: (1) Roman Catholicism (the largest coherent group, representing over one billion baptized members); (2) Orthodox Christianity (including Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy); and (3) Protestantism (comprising many denominations and schools of thought, including Anglicanism, Reformed, Presbyterianism, Lutheranism, Methodism, Evangelicalism, and Pentecostalism).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culturally+Alert+Counseling%3A+A+Comprehensive+Introduction&rft.pages=532&rft.pub=SAGE+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-1006-4&rft.aulast=McAuliffe&rft.aufirst=Garrett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirolaMonahan2016" class="citation book cs1">Mirola, William; Monahan, Susanne C. (2016). <i>Religion Matters: What Sociology Teaches Us About Religion In Our World</i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-34451-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-34451-3"><bdi>978-1-317-34451-3</bdi></a>. <q>Orthodox Churches represent one of the three major branches of Christianity, along with Roman Catholicism and Protestantism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+Matters%3A+What+Sociology+Teaches+Us+About+Religion+In+Our+World&rft.place=London+and+New+York+City&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-34451-3&rft.aulast=Mirola&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Monahan%2C+Susanne+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richters, Katja. <i>The Post-Soviet Russian Orthodox Church: Politics, Culture and Greater Russia</i> (2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFr._Lawrence_Farley2012" class="citation web cs1">Fr. Lawrence Farley (11 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/reflections/fr.-lawrence-farley/the-filoque-clause">"The Filioque Clause"</a>. <i>Orthodox Church in America</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151026161646/https://www.oca.org/reflections/fr.-lawrence-farley/the-filoque-clause">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orthodox+Church+in+America&rft.atitle=The+Filioque+Clause&rft.date=2012-07-11&rft.au=Fr.+Lawrence+Farley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Freflections%2Ffr.-lawrence-farley%2Fthe-filoque-clause&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993208–211-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993208–211_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, pp. 208–211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Theokritoff_2010-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Theokritoff_2010_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Theokritoff_2010_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Theokritoff_2010_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Theokritoff_2010_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTheokritoff2010" class="citation book cs1">Theokritoff, Elizabeth (2010) [2008]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jP2vivMSezMC&pg=PA63">"Part I: Doctrine and Tradition – Creator and creation"</a>. In Cunningham, Mary B.; Theokritoff, Elizabeth (eds.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Orthodox Christian Theology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 63–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCCOL9780521864848.005">10.1017/CCOL9780521864848.005</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139001977" title="Special:BookSources/9781139001977"><bdi>9781139001977</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921092741/https://books.google.com/books?id=jP2vivMSezMC&pg=PA63">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+I%3A+Doctrine+and+Tradition+%E2%80%93+Creator+and+creation&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Orthodox+Christian+Theology&rft.place=Cambridge+and+New+York&rft.pages=63-77&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCCOL9780521864848.005&rft.isbn=9781139001977&rft.aulast=Theokritoff&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjP2vivMSezMC%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993202-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993202_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare199367–69-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare199367–69_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, pp. 67–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHierotheos1998128–130-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHierotheos1998128–130_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHierotheos1998">Hierotheos 1998</a>, pp. 128–130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Matusiak, Fr. John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=3&SID=3">"Original Sin"</a>. Orthodox Church in America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607095648/http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=3&SID=3">Archived</a> from the original on 7 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Original+Sin&rft.pub=Orthodox+Church+in+America&rft.aulast=Matusiak&rft.aufirst=Fr.+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2FQA.asp%3FID%3D3%26SID%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMastrantonis2015" class="citation web cs1">Mastrantonis, George (12 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goarch.org/-/the-fundamental-teachings-of-the-eastern-orthodox-church">"The Fundamental Teachings of the Eastern Orthodox Church"</a>. <i>Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greek+Orthodox+Archdiocese+of+America&rft.atitle=The+Fundamental+Teachings+of+the+Eastern+Orthodox+Church&rft.date=2015-08-12&rft.aulast=Mastrantonis&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.goarch.org%2F-%2Fthe-fundamental-teachings-of-the-eastern-orthodox-church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oca.org/orthodoxy/the-orthodox-faith/doctrine-scripture/the-symbol-of-faith/resurrection">"The Orthodox Faith - Volume I - Doctrine and Scripture - The Symbol of Faith - Resurrection"</a>. <i>www.oca.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oca.org&rft.atitle=The+Orthodox+Faith+-+Volume+I+-+Doctrine+and+Scripture+-+The+Symbol+of+Faith+-+Resurrection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Forthodoxy%2Fthe-orthodox-faith%2Fdoctrine-scripture%2Fthe-symbol-of-faith%2Fresurrection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHierotheos1998234–237,_(241=Glossary)-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHierotheos1998234–237,_(241=Glossary)_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHierotheos1998">Hierotheos 1998</a>, pp. 234–237, (241=Glossary).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2006[httporthodoxinfocomgeneraltheosis-englishpdf_34]-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2006[httporthodoxinfocomgeneraltheosis-englishpdf_34]_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2006">George 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthodoxinfo.com/general/theosis-english.pdf">34</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxford_Dict_Christian_Church3rd_ed-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxford_Dict_Christian_Church3rd_ed_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOxford_Dict_Christian_Church3rd_ed">Oxford Dict Christian Church & 3rd ed</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Fitzgerald, Fr. Thomas (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith7114">"Spirituality"</a>. Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329012245/http://goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith7114">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spirituality&rft.pub=Greek+Orthodox+Archdiocese+of+America&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Fr.+Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goarch.org%2Fourfaith%2Fourfaith7114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeorge2006[httporthodoxinfocomgeneraltheosis-englishpdf_21]-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeorge2006[httporthodoxinfocomgeneraltheosis-englishpdf_21]_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorge2006">George 2006</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthodoxinfo.com/general/theosis-english.pdf">21</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHierotheos199825–30-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHierotheos199825–30_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHierotheos1998">Hierotheos 1998</a>, pp. 25–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHierotheos199823-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHierotheos199823_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHierotheos1998">Hierotheos 1998</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory_of_Nyssa1978" class="citation book cs1">Gregory of Nyssa (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gregoryofnyssa00abra/page/59"><i>The life of Moses</i></a>. Transl., introduction and notes by Abraham J. Malherbe and Everett Ferguson; preface by John Meyendorff. New York: Paulist Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gregoryofnyssa00abra/page/59">59</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-2112-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-2112-0"><bdi>978-0-8091-2112-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+life+of+Moses&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-2112-0&rft.au=Gregory+of+Nyssa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgregoryofnyssa00abra%2Fpage%2F59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993257–258-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993257–258_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, pp. 257–258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993234-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993234_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, p. 234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravoslavieto.com/docs/eng/Orthodox_Catechism_of_Philaret.htm"><i>The Longer Catechism of The Orthodox, Catholic, Eastern Church</i></a>, an Orthodox catechism from 1830, by <a href="/wiki/Filaret,_Metropolitan_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Filaret, Metropolitan of Moscow">Metropolitan Philaret</a>. Start with item 366 or 372. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703171158/http://www.pravoslavieto.com/docs/eng/Orthodox_Catechism_of_Philaret.htm">Archived</a> 3 July 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-soul-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-soul_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-soul_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-soul_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rose, Father Seraphim, <i>The Soul After Death</i>, St. Herman Press, Platina, CA, c. 1980</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravoslavieto.com/docs/eng/Orthodox_Catechism_of_Philaret.htm"><i>The Longer Catechism</i></a>, Item 377. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703171158/http://www.pravoslavieto.com/docs/eng/Orthodox_Catechism_of_Philaret.htm">Archived</a> 3 July 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_Lella2002" class="citation book cs1">Di Lella, Alexander A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kvtbNQtMqEUC&pg=PA586">"The Textual History of Septuagint-Daniel and Theodotion Daniel"</a>. In Collins, John Joseph; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). <i>The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception</i>. Vol. 2. Brill. p. 586. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780391041288" title="Special:BookSources/9780391041288"><bdi>9780391041288</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921092742/https://books.google.com/books?id=kvtbNQtMqEUC&pg=PA586">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Textual+History+of+Septuagint-Daniel+and+Theodotion+Daniel&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Daniel%3A+Composition+and+Reception&rft.pages=586&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780391041288&rft.aulast=Di+Lella&rft.aufirst=Alexander+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkvtbNQtMqEUC%26pg%3DPA586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeislerNix2012" class="citation book cs1">Geisler, Norman L.; Nix, William E. (2012). <i>From God to Us: How We Got Our Bible</i>. Moody Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802428820" title="Special:BookSources/9780802428820"><bdi>9780802428820</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+God+to+Us%3A+How+We+Got+Our+Bible&rft.pub=Moody+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780802428820&rft.aulast=Geisler&rft.aufirst=Norman+L.&rft.au=Nix%2C+William+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1991209-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1991209_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1991">Ware 1991</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1991209_(quoting_[[John_Chrysostom|St._John_Chrysostom]]):_"It_is_impossible_for_a_man_to_be_saved_if_he_does_not_read_the_Scriptures."-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1991209_(quoting_[[John_Chrysostom|St._John_Chrysostom]]):_"It_is_impossible_for_a_man_to_be_saved_if_he_does_not_read_the_Scriptures."_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1991">Ware 1991</a>, p. 209 (quoting <a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">St. John Chrysostom</a>): "It is impossible for a man to be saved if he does not read the Scriptures.".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pomazansky, Michael, Orthodox Dogmatic Theology, pp. 33–34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS.T._Kimbrough2005" class="citation book cs1">S.T. Kimbrough (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q-vhwjamOioC&pg=PA23"><i>Orthodox And Wesleyan Scriptural Understanding And Practice</i></a>. St Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88141-301-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88141-301-4"><bdi>978-0-88141-301-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orthodox+And+Wesleyan+Scriptural+Understanding+And+Practice&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=St+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-88141-301-4&rft.au=S.T.+Kimbrough&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq-vhwjamOioC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orthodox Study Bible, St. Athanasius Academy of Theology, 2008, p. 778, commentary</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ware, Bishop Kallistos (Timothy), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orthodoxinfo.com/phronema/ware_howto.aspx"><i>How to Read the Bible</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201235402/http://orthodoxinfo.com/phronema/ware_howto.aspx">Archived</a> 1 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved 11 June 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ware1991-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ware1991_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ware1991_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ware1991_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ware1991_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1991">Ware 1991</a>, pp. 210–215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993195–196-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993195–196_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, pp. 195–196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter of 1718, in <a href="/wiki/George_Williams_(priest)" title="George Williams (priest)">George Williams</a>, <i>The Orthodox Church of the East in the 18th Century</i>, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bible: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+16:19&version=nkjv">Matthew 16:19</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lossky" title="Vladimir Lossky">Vladimir Lossky</a>, <i>Tradition is the Life of the Holy Spirit in the Church</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1991205-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1991205_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1991">Ware 1991</a>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1991213-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1991213_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1991">Ware 1991</a>, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bible: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Corinthians+1:10&version=nkjv">1 Cor 1:10</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doepa.org/about_orthodoxy.html">"The Five Cycles"</a>. <i>Orthodox Worship</i>. The Diocese of Eastern Pennsylvania, Orthodox Church in America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713125935/http://doepa.org/about_orthodoxy.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orthodox+Worship&rft.atitle=The+Five+Cycles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoepa.org%2Fabout_orthodoxy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993238-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993238_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, p. 238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry Chadwick, The Early Church, 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993271-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993271_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150322064748/http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/things/icons.htm">"Icons – Orthodox Christianity – Religion Facts"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/things/icons.htm">the original</a> on 22 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Icons+%E2%80%93+Orthodox+Christianity+%E2%80%93+Religion+Facts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religionfacts.com%2Fchristianity%2Fthings%2Ficons.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBinz2004" class="citation book cs1">Binz, Stephen J. (2004). <i>The Names of Jesus</i>. New London: Twenty-Third Publications. pp. 81–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781585953158" title="Special:BookSources/9781585953158"><bdi>9781585953158</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Names+of+Jesus&rft.place=New+London&rft.pages=81-82&rft.pub=Twenty-Third+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781585953158&rft.aulast=Binz&rft.aufirst=Stephen+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A good explanation of the 3-bar cross was written by Orthodox symbologist Alexander Roman and can be found at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ukrainian-orthodoxy.org/questions/2010/threeBarCross.php">http://www.ukrainian-orthodoxy.org/questions/2010/threeBarCross.php</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220201124021/http://www.ukrainian-orthodoxy.org/questions/2010/threeBarCross.php">Archived</a> 1 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.synaxis.info/old-rite/0_oldbelief/instructional_eng/cross_symbolism.html">"An Explanation of the Traditional Russian Orthodox Three-bar Cross"</a>. <i>www.synaxis.info</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150704065215/http://www.synaxis.info/old-rite/0_oldbelief/instructional_eng/cross_symbolism.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.synaxis.info&rft.atitle=An+Explanation+of+the+Traditional+Russian+Orthodox+Three-bar+Cross&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.synaxis.info%2Fold-rite%2F0_oldbelief%2Finstructional_eng%2Fcross_symbolism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StudentEd-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StudentEd_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_E._FitzGerald1998" class="citation book cs1">Thomas E. FitzGerald (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_F5yntZocGIC&q=%22holy+trinity%22+cathedral+greek++74&pg=PA147"><i>The Orthodox Church: Student Edition</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96438-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96438-2"><bdi>978-0-275-96438-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921092743/https://books.google.com/books?id=_F5yntZocGIC&q=%22holy+trinity%22+cathedral+greek++74&pg=PA147">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Church%3A+Student+Edition&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96438-2&rft.au=Thomas+E.+FitzGerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_F5yntZocGIC%26q%3D%2522holy%2Btrinity%2522%2Bcathedral%2Bgreek%2B%2B74%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBinns20023-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBinns20023_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBinns2002">Binns 2002</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993274–277-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993274–277_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, pp. 274–277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993277–278-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993277–278_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, pp. 277–278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993278-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993278_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFr._Thomas_Hopko1981" class="citation web cs1">Fr. Thomas Hopko (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111025114723/http://oca.org/OCchapter.asp?SID=2&ID=52">"The Orthodox Faith"</a>. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oca.org/OCchapter.asp?SID=2&ID=52">the original</a> on 25 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Faith&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Fr.+Thomas+Hopko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foca.org%2FOCchapter.asp%3FSID%3D2%26ID%3D52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993278–279-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993278–279_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, pp. 278–279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarakas198756–57-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarakas198756–57_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarakas1987">Harakas 1987</a>, pp. 56–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ware1993p279-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ware1993p279_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ware1993p279_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ware1993p279_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, p. 279</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarakas198757-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarakas198757_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarakas1987">Harakas 1987</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWare1993287-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWare1993287_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWare1993">Ware 1993</a>, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191120021323/http://www.orthodox-christian-comment.co.uk/confession_communion_preparation_for_communion.htm">"Confession, Communion and Preparation for Communion"</a>. <i>Orthodox Christian Comment</i>. 31 August 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orthodox-christian-comment.co.uk/confession_communion_preparation_for_communion.htm">the original</a> on 20 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orthodox+Christian+Comment&rft.atitle=Confession%2C+Communion+and+Preparation+for+Communion&rft.date=2007-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orthodox-christian-comment.co.uk%2Fconfession_communion_preparation_for_communion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110405033300/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/letters/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_02021994_families_en.html">"Letter to Families by Pope John Paul II"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/letters/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_02021994_families_en.html">the original</a> on 5 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+to+Families+by+Pope+John+Paul+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fjohn_paul_ii%2Fletters%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_jp-ii_let_02021994_families_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Meyendorff1975" class="citation book cs1">John Meyendorff (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YSSCUO1tonkC&pg=PA13"><i>Marriage: An Orthodox Perspective</i></a>. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-913836-05-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-913836-05-7"><bdi>978-0-913836-05-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921092743/https://books.google.com/books?id=YSSCUO1tonkC&pg=PA13">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marriage%3A+An+Orthodox+Perspective&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-913836-05-7&rft.au=John+Meyendorff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYSSCUO1tonkC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110610200407/http://saintandrew.net/documents/FINALOrthodoxBishopsProp8Statement.pdf">"Statement of Orthodox Christian Bishops"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saintandrew.net/documents/FINALOrthodoxBishopsProp8Statement.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+of+Orthodox+Christian+Bishops&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaintandrew.net%2Fdocuments%2FFINALOrthodoxBishopsProp8Statement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oca.org/news/590">"OCA Reaffirms SCOBA Statement in Wake of Massachusetts Same-Sex Marriage Ruling"</a>. 17 May 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100622082955/http://www.oca.org/news/590">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OCA+Reaffirms+SCOBA+Statement+in+Wake+of+Massachusetts+Same-Sex+Marriage+Ruling&rft.date=2004-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oca.org%2Fnews%2F590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meyendorff70-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-meyendorff70_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-meyendorff70_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Meyendorff1975" class="citation book cs1">John Meyendorff (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YSSCUO1tonkC&pg=PA18"><i>Marriage: An Orthodox Perspective</i></a>. St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-913836-05-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-913836-05-7"><bdi>978-0-913836-05-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921092743/https://books.google.com/books?id=YSSCUO1tonkC&pg=PA18">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marriage%3A+An+Orthodox+Perspective&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-913836-05-7&rft.au=John+Meyendorff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYSSCUO1tonkC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMgr._Athenagoras_Peckstadt,_Bishop_of_Sinope2005" class="citation web cs1">Mgr. Athenagoras Peckstadt, Bishop of Sinope (18 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/liturgics/athenagoras_remarriage.htm">"Marriage, Divorce and Remarriage in the Orthodox Church: Economia and Pastoral Guidance"</a>. The Orthodox research Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090120133149/http://orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/liturgics/athenagoras_remarriage.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marriage%2C+Divorce+and+Remarriage+in+the+Orthodox+Church%3A+Economia+and+Pastoral+Guidance&rft.pub=The+Orthodox+research+Institute&rft.date=2005-05-18&rft.au=Mgr.+Athenagoras+Peckstadt%2C+Bishop+of+Sinope&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org%2Farticles%2Fliturgics%2Fathenagoras_remarriage.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karras-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karras_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarras2004" class="citation journal cs1">Karras, Valerie A. (June 2004). "Female Deacons in the Byzantine Church". <i>Church History</i>. <b>73</b> (2): 272–316. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS000964070010928X">10.1017/S000964070010928X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-6407">0009-6407</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161817885">161817885</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Church+History&rft.atitle=Female+Deacons+in+the+Byzantine+Church&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=272-316&rft.date=2004-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161817885%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0009-6407&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS000964070010928X&rft.aulast=Karras&rft.aufirst=Valerie+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://religionnews.com/2017/03/09/orthodox-church-debate-over-women-deacons-moves-one-step-closer-to-reality/">"Orthodox Church debate over women deacons moves one step closer to reality"</a>. <i>Religion News Service</i>. 9 March 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112025044/https://religionnews.com/2017/03/09/orthodox-church-debate-over-women-deacons-moves-one-step-closer-to-reality/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Religion+News+Service&rft.atitle=Orthodox+Church+debate+over+women+deacons+moves+one+step+closer+to+reality&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freligionnews.com%2F2017%2F03%2F09%2Forthodox-church-debate-over-women-deacons-moves-one-step-closer-to-reality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222133346/http://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/index.php?module=news&action=details&id=1207">"Second Day of Deliberations of the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Alexandria"</a>. <i>patriarchateofalexandria.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/index.php?module=news&action=details&id=1207">the original</a> on 22 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>. <q>Regarding the issue of the institution of Deaconesses, it was decided to revive this and a tripartite committee of Hierarchs was appointed for a detailed consideration of the subject.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=patriarchateofalexandria.com&rft.atitle=Second+Day+of+Deliberations+of+the+Holy+Synod+of+the+Patriarchate+of+Alexandria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patriarchateofalexandria.com%2Findex.php%3Fmodule%3Dnews%26action%3Ddetails%26id%3D1207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncronline.org/news/theology/orthodox-move-women-deacons-called-revitalization-not-innovation">"Orthodox move for women deacons is 'revitalization' not 'innovation'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>National Catholic Reporter</i>. 30 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230326030550/https://www.ncronline.org/news/theology/orthodox-move-women-deacons-called-revitalization-not-innovation">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Reporter&rft.atitle=Orthodox+move+for+women+deacons+is+%27revitalization%27+not+%27innovation%27&rft.date=2017-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncronline.org%2Fnews%2Ftheology%2Forthodox-move-women-deacons-called-revitalization-not-innovation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VTSIOM-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VTSIOM_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929201730/https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=268&uid=13365%2F">"VTSIOM"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=268&uid=13365">the original</a> on 29 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VTSIOM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwciom.ru%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D268%26uid%3D13365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Public_Opinion_Foundation-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Public_Opinion_Foundation_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953">"Ценности: религиозность / ФОМ"</a>. <i>fom.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731170154/https://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fom.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%3A+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%2F+%D0%A4%D0%9E%D0%9C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffom.ru%2Fobshchestvo%2F10953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is no official census of religion in Russia, and estimates are based on surveys only. In August 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sreda.org/arena">ARENA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143249/http://sreda.org/arena">Archived</a> 12 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> determined that about 48% of Russians are Christians (including Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, and non-denominational), which is slightly less than an absolute 50%+ majority. However, later that year the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.levada.ru/17-12-2012/v-rossii-74-pravoslavnykh-i-7-musulman">Levada Center</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121231020830/http://www.levada.ru/17-12-2012/v-rossii-74-pravoslavnykh-i-7-musulman">Archived</a> 31 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> determined that 76% of Russians are Christians, and in June 2013 the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953">Public Opinion Foundation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200415213226/https://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953">Archived</a> 15 April 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> determined that 65% of Russians are Christians. These findings are in line with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/">Pew</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004115616/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/">Archived</a> 4 October 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>'s 2010 survey, which determined that 73.6% of Russians are Christians, with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=268&uid=13365">VTSIOM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929201730/https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=268&uid=13365%2F">Archived</a> 29 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>'s 2010 survey (~77% Christian), and with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fgi-tbff.org/sites/default/files/elfinder/FGIImages/Research/fromresearchtopolicy/ipsos_mori_briefing_pack.pdf#page=40">Ipsos MORI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117013643/http://www.fgi-tbff.org/sites/default/files/elfinder/FGIImages/Research/fromresearchtopolicy/ipsos_mori_briefing_pack.pdf">Archived</a> 17 January 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>'s 2011 survey (69%).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Razumkov2016-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Razumkov2016_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.razumkov.org.ua/upload/Religiya_200516_A4.compressed.pdf">РЕЛІГІЯ, ЦЕРКВА, СУСПІЛЬСТВО І ДЕРЖАВА: ДВА РОКИ ПІСЛЯ МАЙДАНУ (<i>Religion, Church, Society and State: Two Years after Maidan</i>)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422181327/http://old.razumkov.org.ua/upload/Religiya_200516_A4.compressed.pdf">Archived</a> 22 April 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2016 report by <a href="/wiki/Razumkov_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Razumkov Center">Razumkov Center</a> in collaboration with the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches. pp. 27–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pewforum1-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pewforum1_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130805020311/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf">"Pewforum: Christianity (2010)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Field+Listing+%3A%3A+Religions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2122.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belarus2011-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Belarus2011_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.by/upload/pdf/religion_eng.pdf">"Religion and denominations in the Republic of Belarus by the Commissioner on Religions and Nationalities of the Republic of Belarus from November 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014085840/http://www.mfa.gov.by/upload/pdf/religion_eng.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Eerdmans, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-0521-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-0521-8"><bdi>978-0-8028-0521-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Many+Faces+of+Faith%3A+A+Guide+to+World+Religions+and+Christian+Traditions&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2002-05-03&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-0521-8&rft.aulast=Losch&rft.aufirst=Richard+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOdKCVjCschMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1966). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/orthodoxycatholi0000meye"><i>Orthodoxy and Catholicity</i></a></span>. New York: Sheed & Ward.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orthodoxy+and+Catholicity&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Sheed+%26+Ward&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Forthodoxycatholi0000meye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (2000) [1975]. <i>Marriage – An Orthodox Perspective</i> (Revised Third ed.). <a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vladimir%27s_Orthodox_Theological_Seminary#St._Vladimir’s_Seminary_Press_(SVS_Press)" title="Saint Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary">Saint Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary#St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press (SVS Press)</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-913836-05-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-913836-05-2"><bdi>0-913836-05-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marriage+%E2%80%93+An+Orthodox+Perspective&rft.place=Yonkers%2C+New+York&rft.edition=Revised+Third&rft.pub=Saint+Vladimir%27s+Orthodox+Theological+Seminary%23St.+Vladimir%25E2%2580%2599s+Seminary+Press+%28SVS+Press%29&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-913836-05-2&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1975) [1969]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WI8hAAAAMAAJ"><i>Christ in Eastern Christian Thought</i></a> (2nd ed.). Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780913836279" title="Special:BookSources/9780913836279"><bdi>9780913836279</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christ+in+Eastern+Christian+Thought&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9780913836279&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWI8hAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=96nLw6UAwBYC"><i>Living Tradition: Orthodox Witness in the Contemporary World</i></a>. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780913836279" title="Special:BookSources/9780913836279"><bdi>9780913836279</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+Tradition%3A+Orthodox+Witness+in+the+Contemporary+World&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780913836279&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D96nLw6UAwBYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9HQ3YU9SAG8C"><i>The Byzantine Legacy in the Orthodox Church</i></a>. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780913836903" title="Special:BookSources/9780913836903"><bdi>9780913836903</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantine+Legacy+in+the+Orthodox+Church&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780913836903&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9HQ3YU9SAG8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vc-ZC7B3v80C"><i>Catholicity and the Church</i></a>. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780881410068" title="Special:BookSources/9780881410068"><bdi>9780881410068</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholicity+and+the+Church&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780881410068&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvc-ZC7B3v80C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1983) [1974]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GoVeDXMvY-8C"><i>Byzantine Theology: Historical Trends and Doctrinal Themes</i></a> (Revised 2nd ed.). New York: Fordham University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780823209675" title="Special:BookSources/9780823209675"><bdi>9780823209675</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantine+Theology%3A+Historical+Trends+and+Doctrinal+Themes&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Revised+2nd&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780823209675&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGoVeDXMvY-8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6J_YAAAAMAAJ"><i>Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D.</i></a> Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780881410556" title="Special:BookSources/9780881410556"><bdi>9780881410556</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+unity+and+Christian+divisions%3A+The+Church+450-680+A.D.&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780881410556&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6J_YAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/romeconstantinop00meye"><i>Rome, Constantinople, Moscow: Historical and Theological Studies</i></a></span>. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780881411348" title="Special:BookSources/9780881411348"><bdi>9780881411348</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome%2C+Constantinople%2C+Moscow%3A+Historical+and+Theological+Studies&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780881411348&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fromeconstantinop00meye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyendorff1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Meyendorff" title="John Meyendorff">Meyendorff, John</a> (1996) [1962]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E16XzwPdJtsC"><i>The Orthodox Church: Its Past and Its Role in the World Today</i></a> (Revised 4th ed.). Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780913836811" title="Special:BookSources/9780913836811"><bdi>9780913836811</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Church%3A+Its+Past+and+Its+Role+in+the+World+Today&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.edition=Revised+4th&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780913836811&rft.aulast=Meyendorff&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE16XzwPdJtsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNielsenJohnsonEllis2001" class="citation cs2">Nielsen, Stevan L.; Johnson, W. Brad; Ellis, Albert (1 May 2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kc9QwRSREuAC"><i>Counseling and Psychotherapy With Religious Persons: A Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Approach</i></a>, Taylor & Francis, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4106-0070-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4106-0070-7"><bdi>978-1-4106-0070-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Counseling+and+Psychotherapy+With+Religious+Persons%3A+A+Rational+Emotive+Behavior+Therapy+Approach&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2001-05-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4106-0070-7&rft.aulast=Nielsen&rft.aufirst=Stevan+L.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+W.+Brad&rft.au=Ellis%2C+Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKc9QwRSREuAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrthodox_Eastern_Church1909" class="citation cs2">Orthodox Eastern Church (1909), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v44ktwAACAAJ"><i>The Shorter Catechism of the Eastern Orthodox Catholic Church</i></a>, Rincon Publishing Co.<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shorter+Catechism+of+the+Eastern+Orthodox+Catholic+Church&rft.pub=Rincon+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1909&rft.au=Orthodox+Eastern+Church&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv44ktwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWare1991" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Kallistos_Ware" title="Kallistos Ware">Ware, Bishop Kallistos (Timothy)</a> (1991) [first published 1964], <i>The Orthodox Church</i> (revised original ed.), New York: Penguin Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-013529-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-013529-9"><bdi>978-0-14-013529-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Church&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=revised+original&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-14-013529-9&rft.aulast=Ware&rft.aufirst=Bishop+Kallistos+%28Timothy%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWare1993" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Kallistos_Ware" title="Kallistos Ware">Ware, Bishop Kallistos (Timothy)</a> (29 April 1993), <i>The Orthodox Church</i> (new ed.), New York: Penguin Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-014656-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-014656-1"><bdi>978-0-14-014656-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Church&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=new&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1993-04-29&rft.isbn=978-0-14-014656-1&rft.aulast=Ware&rft.aufirst=Bishop+Kallistos+%28Timothy%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWare2015" class="citation book cs1">Ware, Bishop Kallistos (Timothy) (2015). <i>The Orthodox Church</i> (third ed.). <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, UK: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780141980638" title="Special:BookSources/9780141980638"><bdi>9780141980638</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Church&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.edition=third&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780141980638&rft.aulast=Ware&rft.aufirst=Bishop+Kallistos+%28Timothy%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Great Book of Needs: Expanded and Supplemented (Volume 1): The Holy Mysteries</i>. Translated by Saint Tikhon's Monastery. <a href="/wiki/South_Canaan_Township,_Pennsylvania" title="South Canaan Township, Pennsylvania">South Canaan, Pennsylvania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Tikhon%27s_Orthodox_Theological_Seminary" title="Saint Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Seminary">Saint Tikhon's Seminary Press</a> (published 2000). 1998. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781878997562" title="Special:BookSources/9781878997562"><bdi>9781878997562</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Book+of+Needs%3A+Expanded+and+Supplemented+%28Volume+1%29%3A+The+Holy+Mysteries&rft.place=South+Canaan%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Saint+Tikhon%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9781878997562&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tertiary_reference_works">Tertiary reference works</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Tertiary reference works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Heritage_Dict5th_ed" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?"><i>American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i></a> (5th ed.), Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-547-04101-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-547-04101-8"><bdi>978-0-547-04101-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-547-04101-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mpiIQgAACAAJ&q=Columbia+Encyclopedia"><i>Columbia Encyclopedia</i></a> (6th ed.), Columbia Univ. Press, June 2000, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-5015-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-5015-5"><bdi>978-0-7876-5015-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Columbia+Encyclopedia&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Columbia+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2000-06&rft.isbn=978-0-7876-5015-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmpiIQgAACAAJ%26q%3DColumbia%2BEncyclopedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica_Online" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica Online</i></a>, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopedia_of_Christianity2003" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ly4DgtT3LkC"><i>Encyclopedia of Christianity</i></a>, vol. 3, Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2003, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2415-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2415-8"><bdi>978-0-8028-2415-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Christianity&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2415-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ly4DgtT3LkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140602201023/http://www.answers.com/library/Mideast%2B%26%2BN.%2BAfrica%2BEncyclopedia"><i>Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East & North Africa</i></a> (2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference US, August 2004, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865769-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865769-1"><bdi>978-0-02-865769-1</bdi></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answers.com/library/Mideast+%26+N.+Africa+Encyclopedia">the original</a> on 2 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Modern+Middle+East+%26+North+Africa&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference+US&rft.date=2004-08&rft.isbn=978-0-02-865769-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.answers.com%2Flibrary%2FMideast%2B%2526%2BN.%2BAfrica%2BEncyclopedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchadé_Encyclopedia_of_World_Religions2006" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=130GngEACAAJ"><i>Encyclopedia of World Religions</i></a>, Concord Pub., 25 October 2006, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60136-000-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60136-000-7"><bdi>978-1-60136-000-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.pub=Concord+Pub.&rft.date=2006-10-25&rft.isbn=978-1-60136-000-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D130GngEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1pGbdI4L0qsC"><i>Encyclopedia of World Religions</i></a> (revised ed.), Infobase Publishing, 2007, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6141-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6141-9"><bdi>978-0-8160-6141-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-6141-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1pGbdI4L0qsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerriam-Webster_Encyclopedia_of_World_Religions1999" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC"><i>Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions</i></a>, Merriam-Webster, September 1999, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0"><bdi>978-0-87779-044-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1999-09&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-044-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZP_f9icf2roC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140531070229/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/"><i>Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/">the original</a> on 31 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster+Online+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOxford_Dict_Christian_Church3rd_ed" class="citation cs2"><i>Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church</i> (3rd rev. ed.), Oxford University Press, 2005, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280290-3"><bdi>978-0-19-280290-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+the+Christian+Church&rft.edition=3rd+rev.&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280290-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Orthodoxy&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdeney1908" class="citation book cs1">Adeney, Walter F. (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/greekeasternchu00aden/greekeasternchu00aden.pdf"><i>The Greek and Eastern Churches</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+and+Eastern+Churches&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Adeney&rft.aufirst=Walter+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2Fgreekeasternchu00aden%2Fgreekeasternchu00aden.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuxhoevedenWoloschak2011" class="citation book cs1">Buxhoeveden, Daniel; Woloschak, Gayle, eds. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5wKiAgAAQBAJ"><i>Science and the Eastern Orthodox Church</i></a> (1st ed.). Farnham: Ashgate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781409481614" title="Special:BookSources/9781409481614"><bdi>9781409481614</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921092819/https://books.google.com/books?id=5wKiAgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+the+Eastern+Orthodox+Church&rft.place=Farnham&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781409481614&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5wKiAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvornik1948" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dvornik" title="Francis Dvornik">Dvornik, Francis</a> (1948). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/photianschism0000dvor"><i>The Photian Schism: History and Legend</i></a></span>. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Photian+Schism%3A+History+and+Legend&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Dvornik&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphotianschism0000dvor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_H._Erickson" title="John H. Erickson">Erickson, John H.</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XgRrh2M08p0C"><i>The Challenge of Our Past: Studies in Orthodox Canon Law and Church History</i></a>. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780881410860" title="Special:BookSources/9780881410860"><bdi>9780881410860</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921093246/https://books.google.com/books?id=XgRrh2M08p0C">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Challenge+of+Our+Past%3A+Studies+in+Orthodox+Canon+Law+and+Church+History&rft.place=Crestwood%2C+NY&rft.pub=St.+Vladimir%27s+Seminary+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780881410860&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXgRrh2M08p0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErickson1992" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_H._Erickson" title="John H. Erickson">Erickson, John H.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/juristcu52&div=35">"The Local Churches and Catholicity: An Orthodox Perspective"</a>. <i>The Jurist</i>. <b>52</b>: 490–508. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104155109/https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/juristcu52&div=35">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jurist&rft.atitle=The+Local+Churches+and+Catholicity%3A+An+Orthodox+Perspective&rft.volume=52&rft.pages=490-508&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FLandingPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%2Fjuristcu52%26div%3D35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFairbairn2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Fairbairn" title="Donald Fairbairn">Fairbairn, Donald</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eKYM6FVxYKIC"><i>Eastern Orthodoxy through Western Eyes</i></a>. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664224974" title="Special:BookSources/9780664224974"><bdi>9780664224974</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921093248/https://books.google.com/books?id=eKYM6FVxYKIC">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Orthodoxy+through+Western+Eyes&rft.place=Louisville%2C+KY&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780664224974&rft.aulast=Fairbairn&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeKYM6FVxYKIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzGerald2007" class="citation book cs1">FitzGerald, Thomas (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fHtSuvaVAAoC">"Eastern Christianity in the United States"</a>. <i>The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity</i>. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 269–279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470766392" title="Special:BookSources/9780470766392"><bdi>9780470766392</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921093248/https://books.google.com/books?id=fHtSuvaVAAoC">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eastern+Christianity+in+the+United+States&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Eastern+Christianity&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.pages=269-279&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780470766392&rft.aulast=FitzGerald&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfHtSuvaVAAoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussey1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joan_M._Hussey" title="Joan M. Hussey">Hussey, Joan M.</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ERnZAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire</i></a>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198269014" title="Special:BookSources/9780198269014"><bdi>9780198269014</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921093249/https://books.google.com/books?id=ERnZAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Church+in+the+Byzantine+Empire&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780198269014&rft.aulast=Hussey&rft.aufirst=Joan+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DERnZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Krindatch, Alexei D. ed., <i>Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Churches</i> (Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coptics.info/Books/AtlasAmericanOrthodoxChurchesSample.pdf">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006040625/http://www.coptics.info/Books/AtlasAmericanOrthodoxChurchesSample.pdf">Archived</a> 6 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLossky1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lossky" title="Vladimir Lossky">Lossky, Vladimir</a> (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=11cJAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church</i></a> (1. ed.). London: J. Clarke. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780227675366" title="Special:BookSources/9780227675366"><bdi>9780227675366</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921093249/https://books.google.com/books?id=11cJAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mystical+Theology+of+the+Eastern+Church&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1.&rft.pub=J.+Clarke&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=9780227675366&rft.aulast=Lossky&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D11cJAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMascall1958" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Lionel_Mascall" title="Eric Lionel Mascall">Mascall, Eric Lionel</a> (1958). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/recoveryofunityt0000masc"><i>The Recovery of Unity: A Theological Approach</i></a></span>. London: Longmans.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Recovery+of+Unity%3A+A+Theological+Approach&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longmans&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Mascall&rft.aufirst=Eric+Lionel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frecoveryofunityt0000masc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuckin2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_McGuckin" class="mw-redirect" title="John Anthony McGuckin">McGuckin, John Anthony</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jxbZAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Orthodox Church: An Introduction to its History, Doctrine, and Spiritual Culture</i></a> (1. ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405150668" title="Special:BookSources/9781405150668"><bdi>9781405150668</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Orthodox+Church%3A+An+Introduction+to+its+History%2C+Doctrine%2C+and+Spiritual+Culture&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.edition=1.&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781405150668&rft.aulast=McGuckin&rft.aufirst=John+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjxbZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuckin2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_McGuckin" class="mw-redirect" title="John Anthony McGuckin">McGuckin, John Anthony</a>, ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N3y2wwEACAAJ"><i>The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity</i></a>. Vol. 1. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405185394" title="Special:BookSources/9781405185394"><bdi>9781405185394</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921093249/https://books.google.com/books?id=N3y2wwEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Eastern+Orthodox+Christianity&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781405185394&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN3y2wwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuckin2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_McGuckin" class="mw-redirect" title="John Anthony McGuckin">McGuckin, John Anthony</a>, ed. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_jYsAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity</i></a>. Vol. 2. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405185394" title="Special:BookSources/9781405185394"><bdi>9781405185394</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921093755/https://books.google.com/books?id=_jYsAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Eastern+Orthodox+Christianity&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781405185394&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_jYsAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObolensky1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Obolensky" title="Dimitri Obolensky">Obolensky, Dimitri</a> (1974) [1971]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RlBoAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500–1453</i></a>. London: Cardinal. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780351176449" title="Special:BookSources/9780351176449"><bdi>9780351176449</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921093756/https://books.google.com/books?id=RlBoAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantine+Commonwealth%3A+Eastern+Europe%2C+500%E2%80%931453&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cardinal&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780351176449&rft.aulast=Obolensky&rft.aufirst=Dimitri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRlBoAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOstrogorsky1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Ostrogorsky" title="George Ostrogorsky">Ostrogorsky, George</a> (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt0_AAAAYAAJ"><i>History of the Byzantine State</i></a>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230423035501/https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt0_AAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Byzantine+State&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Ostrogorsky&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBt0_AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParaskevasReinstein1969" class="citation book cs1">Paraskevas, J. E.; Reinstein, F. (1969). <i>The Eastern Orthodox Church: A Brief History</i>. Washington: El Greco Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eastern+Orthodox+Church%3A+A+Brief+History&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=El+Greco+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Paraskevas&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rft.au=Reinstein%2C+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Runciman, Steven</a> (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WxsrAAAAIAAJ"><i>The Great Church in Captivity: A Study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the Eve of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence</i></a> (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521071888" title="Special:BookSources/9780521071888"><bdi>9780521071888</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921093757/https://books.google.com/books?id=WxsrAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Church+in+Captivity%3A+A+Study+of+the+Patriarchate+of+Constantinople+from+the+Eve+of+the+Turkish+Conquest+to+the+Greek+War+of+Independence&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=9780521071888&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWxsrAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEastern+Orthodoxy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_B._Scouteris" title="Constantine B. Scouteris">Scouteris, Constantine</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/misc/scouteris_orthodox_church.htm">A Brief Outline of the Orthodox Church, Ἐκκλησιαστικός Φάρος, 65 (2004), pp. 60–75.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203141021/http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/misc/scouteris_orthodox_church.htm">Archived</a> 3 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eastern_Orthodox_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist wraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_footer" title="Template:Eastern Orthodox Church footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_footer" title="Template talk:Eastern Orthodox Church footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Orthodox_Church_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Orthodox Church footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eastern_Orthodox_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Autocephalous and autonomous churches</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autocephaly" title="Autocephaly">Autocephalous churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentarchy" title="Pentarchy">Four ancient patriarchates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_I_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew I of Constantinople">Bartholomew I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Alexandria" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria">Alexandria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Theodore_II_of_Alexandria" title="Patriarch Theodore II of Alexandria">Theodore II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Antioch" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch">Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_X_of_Antioch" title="John X of Antioch">John X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarchate_of_Jerusalem" title="Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Theophilos_III_of_Jerusalem" title="Patriarch Theophilos III of Jerusalem">Theophilos III</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Junior <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate" title="Patriarchate">patriarchates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russia</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n0_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n0-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow" title="Patriarch Kirill of Moscow">Kirill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porfirije,_Serbian_Patriarch" title="Porfirije, Serbian Patriarch">Porfirije</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgaria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniil_of_Bulgaria" title="Daniil of Bulgaria">Daniil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Daniel_of_Romania" title="Patriarch Daniel of Romania">Daniel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilia_II_of_Georgia" title="Ilia II of Georgia">Ilia II</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autocephalous<br /><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">archdioceses</a>/<a href="/wiki/Metropolis_(religious_jurisdiction)" title="Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)">metropolises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_III_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="George III of Cyprus">George III</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ieronymos_II_of_Athens" title="Ieronymos II of Athens">Ieronymos II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Albanian Orthodox Church">Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_of_Albania" title="Anastasios of Albania">Anastasios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Orthodox_Church" title="Polish Orthodox Church">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sawa_(Hrycuniak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawa (Hrycuniak)">Sawa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_the_Czech_Lands_and_Slovakia" title="Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia">Czech Lands and Slovakia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rastislav_(Gont)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rastislav (Gont)">Rastislav</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">America</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tikhon_(Mollard)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tikhon (Mollard)">Tikhon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Ukraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_I_of_Ukraine" title="Epiphanius I of Ukraine">Epiphanius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Archdiocese_of_Ohrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid">North Macedonia</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stefan,_Archbishop_of_Ohrid_and_Macedonia" title="Stefan, Archbishop of Ohrid and Macedonia">Stefan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ByzantineCross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/60px-ByzantineCross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/90px-ByzantineCross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/ByzantineCross.svg/120px-ByzantineCross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="581" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomy_(Eastern_Orthodoxy)" title="Autonomy (Eastern Orthodoxy)">Autonomous churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sinai" title="Church of Sinai">Sinai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Finland" title="Orthodox Church of Finland">Finland (Ecumenical Patriarchate)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Apostolic_Orthodox_Church" title="Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church">Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_92-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_Japan" title="Orthodox Church in Japan">Japan (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_92-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Orthodox_Church" title="Chinese Orthodox Church">China (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_92-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_(Moscow_Patriarchate)" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)">Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n3_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n3-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Metropolis_of_the_Americas" title="Romanian Orthodox Metropolis of the Americas">Americas (Romanian Patriarchate)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Bessarabia" title="Metropolis of Bessarabia">Bessarabia (Romanian Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_92-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u_and_All_Moldova" title="Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova">Moldova (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n1_92-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n1-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><span style="background:#ddddff">Semi-autonomous churches</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Crete" title="Church of Crete">Crete (Ecumenical Patriarchate)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Moscow_Patriarchate" title="Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate">Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n2_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n2-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_of_Russia" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia">Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n2_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n2-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Eastern_Orthodox_episcopal_assemblies" title="Category:Eastern Orthodox episcopal assemblies">Diaspora<br />Assemblies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Australia,_New_Zealand,_and_Oceania" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania">Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Austria" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Austria">Austria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Belgium,_Holland,_and_Luxembourg" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg">Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Canada" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Canada">Canada</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_France" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of France">France</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Germany" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Germany">Germany</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Great Britain and Ireland">Great Britain and Ireland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Italy_and_Malta" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Italy and Malta">Italy and Malta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Latin_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Latin America">Latin America</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Scandinavia" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Spain and Portugal">Spain and Portugal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Switzerland and Liechtenstein</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Canonical_Orthodox_Bishops_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America">United States of America</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="History of the Eastern Orthodox Church">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles in the New Testament</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">State church of the Roman Empire</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Schism_of_the_Russian_Church" title="Schism of the Russian Church">Raskol</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Catacomb_Church" title="Catacomb Church">Catacomb Church</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Old_Calendarists" title="Old Calendarists">Old Calendarists</a></dd> <dd>Moscow–Constantinople schisms <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/15th%E2%80%9316th_century_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="15th–16th century Moscow–Constantinople schism">15th–16th c.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="1996 Moscow–Constantinople schism">1996</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">2018</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Divine_Liturgy" title="Divine Liturgy">Liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine Rite</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_John_Chrysostom" title="Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom">Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Basil" title="Liturgy of Saint Basil">Liturgy of Saint Basil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_James" title="Liturgy of Saint James">Liturgy of Saint James</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_Saint_Cyril" title="Liturgy of Saint Cyril">Liturgy of Saint Mark</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church#Unrecognized_churches" title="Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Unrecognized Eastern Orthodox churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_by_country" title="Eastern Orthodoxy by country">Eastern Orthodoxy by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church">Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note_n0-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n0_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The ROC <a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">severed full communion</a> with the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 2018, and later severed full communion with the <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">primates</a> of the Church of Greece, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, and the Church of Cyprus in 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note_n1-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_92-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_92-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_92-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_92-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_92-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n1_92-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note_n3-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n3_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UOC-MP was moved to formally cut ties with the ROC as of May 27th 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-note_n2-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-note_n2_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-note_n2_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Semi-autonomous part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> whose autonomy is not universally recognized.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist"> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christian_denominations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christian_denominations" title="Template:Christian denominations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christian_denominations" title="Template talk:Christian denominations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christian_denominations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christian denominations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christian_denominations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">Major<br />branches</a><br /><span style="font-size:90%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic<br />Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Belarusian Greek Catholic Church">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Croatian and Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Hungarian Greek Catholic Church">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht_(Old_Catholic)" title="Union of Utrecht (Old Catholic)">Union of Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Scranton" title="Union of Scranton">Union of Scranton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariavite_Church" title="Mariavite Church">Mariavite Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariavite_Church" title="Catholic Mariavite Church">Catholic Mariavite Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Independent_Catholic_denominations" title="List of Independent Catholic denominations">See list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastern<br />Orthodox</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Constantinople</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Orthodox Church">Finnish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Antioch" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Orthodox_Church" title="Chinese Orthodox Church">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Orthodox_Church_of_Moscow_Patriarchate" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate">Estonian (Moscow)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Orthodox Church">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia">Outside Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_(Moscow_Patriarchate)" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)">Ukrainian (Moscow)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Orthodox_Church" title="Georgian Orthodox Church">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Cyprus" title="Church of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Greece" title="Church of Greece">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Albanian Orthodox Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_and_Slovak_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church">Czech and Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldovan Orthodox Church">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_of_Bessarabia" title="Metropolis of Bessarabia">Bessarabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Ohrid_Archbishopric" title="Orthodox Ohrid Archbishopric">Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Orthodox_Church" title="Latvian Orthodox Church">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">OCA/American-Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orth.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Tewahedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Eritrean Tewahedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_Church_USA" title="Mennonite Church USA">Mennonite Church USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Conference_of_Mennonite_Brethren_Churches" title="Canadian Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches">Canadian Mennonite Brethren Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_Church_Canada" title="Mennonite Church Canada">Mennonite Church Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Schwarzenau Brethren</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Brethren" title="Church of the Brethren">Church of the Brethren</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Australia" title="Anglican Church of Australia">Anglican Church of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Canada" title="Anglican Church of Canada">Anglican Church of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_Aotearoa,_New_Zealand_and_Polynesia" title="Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia">Anglican Church in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Nigeria" title="Church of Nigeria">Church of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Scottish Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Church in Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican_movement" title="Continuing Anglican movement">Continuing Anglican movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_African_Church" title="The African Church">The African Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_North_America" title="Anglican Church in North America">Anglican Church in North America</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Baptists" title="Alliance of Baptists">Alliance of Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_Association" title="American Baptist Association">American Baptist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_Churches_USA" title="American Baptist Churches USA">American Baptist Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Bible_Fellowship_International" title="Baptist Bible Fellowship International">Baptist Bible Fellowship International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Missionary_Association_of_America" title="Baptist Missionary Association of America">Baptist Missionary Association of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Baptist_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Baptist Association of America">Conservative Baptist Association of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Converge_(Baptist_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Converge (Baptist organization)">Converge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Association_of_Regular_Baptist_Churches" title="General Association of Regular Baptist Churches">General Association of Regular Baptist Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Free_Will_Baptists" title="National Association of Free Will Baptists">National Association of Free Will Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Primitive_Baptist_Convention_of_the_U.S.A." title="National Primitive Baptist Convention of the U.S.A.">National Primitive Baptist Convention, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Baptist_Conference" title="North American Baptist Conference">North American Baptist Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Baptist" title="Independent Baptist">Independent Baptist Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention_of_America,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.">National Baptist Convention of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention,_USA,_Inc." title="National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.">National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Missionary_Baptist_Convention_of_America" title="National Missionary Baptist Convention of America">National Missionary Baptist Convention of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_National_Baptist_Convention" title="Progressive National Baptist Convention">Progressive National Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Baptist_Ministries" title="Australian Baptist Ministries">Australian Baptist Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Baptist_Ministries" title="Canadian Baptist Ministries">Canadian Baptist Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Baptist_Convention" title="Canadian National Baptist Convention">Canadian National Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fellowship (Canada)">The Fellowship (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Union of New Zealand">Baptist Union of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Baptist_Convention" title="Nigerian Baptist Convention">Nigerian Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Baptist_Churches_in_Ireland" title="Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland">Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist Union of Great Britain">Baptist Union of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Scotland" title="Baptist Union of Scotland">Baptist Union of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Wales" title="Baptist Union of Wales">Baptist Union of Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Pietism" title="Pietism">Pietist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Anderson,_Indiana)" title="Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)">Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Covenant_Church" title="Evangelical Covenant Church">Evangelical Covenant Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Free_Church_of_America" title="Evangelical Free Church of America">Evangelical Free Church of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">The Salvation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Church" title="Wesleyan Church">Wesleyan Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Holiness_Church" title="Wesleyan Holiness Church">Wesleyan Holiness Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Methodist_Church_of_Australia" title="Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia">Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_World_Federation" title="Lutheran World Federation">World Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Christian_Protestant_Church" title="Batak Christian Protestant Church">Batak Christian Protestant Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_of_Australia" title="Lutheran Church of Australia">Lutheran Church of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">ELCA, America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Canada" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada">ELCC, Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_Great_Britain" title="Lutheran Church in Great Britain">Lutheran Church in Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_of_Christ_in_Nigeria" title="Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria">Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lutheran_Council" title="International Lutheran Council">International Lutheran Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Canada">Lutheran Church–Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessional_Evangelical_Lutheran_Conference" title="Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference">Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Confessional_and_Missional_Lutheran_Forum" title="Global Confessional and Missional Lutheran Forum">Global Confessional and Missional Lutheran Forum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Lutheran_Church" title="North American Lutheran Church">North American Lutheran Church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Methodist_Council" title="World Methodist Council">World Methodist Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Church">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Zion_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church">African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Christian Methodist Episcopal Church">Christian Methodist Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_New_Zealand" title="Methodist Church of New Zealand">Methodist Church of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="British Methodist Episcopal Church">British Methodist Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United Church of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Methodist Church of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Ireland" title="Methodist Church in Ireland">Methodist Church in Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Gospel_Fellowship" title="China Gospel Fellowship">China Gospel Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Cleveland,_Tennessee)" title="Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)">Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_in_Christ" title="Church of God in Christ">Church of God in Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_of_Prophecy" title="Church of God of Prophecy">Church of God of Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_on_the_Rock_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Church on the Rock International">Church on the Rock International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangcheng_Fellowship" title="Fangcheng Fellowship">Fangcheng Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Gospel_Baptist_Church_Fellowship" title="Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship">Full Gospel Baptist Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsong_Church" title="Hillsong Church">Hillsong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Church_of_the_Foursquare_Gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="International Church of the Foursquare Gospel">Intl. Church of the Foursquare Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Pentecostal_Holiness_Church" title="International Pentecostal Holiness Church">Intl. Pentecostal Holiness Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Pentecostal Church of God">Pentecostal Church of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pentecostal_Church_International" title="United Pentecostal Church International">United Pentecostal Church Intl.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C3_Church_Global" title="C3 Church Global">C3 Church Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRC_Churches_International" title="CRC Churches International">CRC Churches Intl.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Communion_International" title="Grace Communion International">Grace Communion Intl.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_Centres_International" title="Revival Centres International">Revival Centres Intl.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Church_of_Pentecost" title="Apostolic Church of Pentecost">Apostolic Church of Pentecost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Assemblies_of_Canada" title="Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada">Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemed_Christian_Church_of_God" title="Redeemed Christian Church of God">Redeemed Christian Church of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apostolic_Church_Nigeria" title="The Apostolic Church Nigeria">Apostolic Church Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_Faith_Mission_International" title="The Gospel Faith Mission International">Gospel Faith Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord%27s_Chosen_Charismatic_Revival_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Lord's Chosen Charismatic Revival Movement (page does not exist)">The Lord's Chosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Faith_Church_Worldwide" title="Living Faith Church Worldwide">Living Faith Church Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Faith_Mission_of_South_Africa" title="Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa">Apostolic Faith Mission of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Church_(1911_denomination)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Church (1911 denomination)">Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elim_Pentecostal_Church" title="Elim Pentecostal Church">Elim Pentecostal Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a><br />/<a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed Church">Reformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Reformed_Church_in_North_America" title="Christian Reformed Church in North America">Christian Reformed Church in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Congregational_Christian_Conference" title="Conservative Congregational Christian Conference">Conservative Congregational Christian Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Presbyterian_Church" title="Cumberland Presbyterian Church">Cumberland Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_(United_States)" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church (United States)">Evangelical Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Presbyterian_Church_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Presbyterian Church in America">Korean Presbyterian Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Community_Churches" title="International Council of Community Churches">International Council of Community Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Congregational_Christian_Churches" title="National Association of Congregational Christian Churches">National Association of Congregational Christian Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_America" title="Presbyterian Church in America">Presbyterian Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_America" title="Reformed Church in America">Reformed Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Reformed_Churches_of_Australia" title="Christian Reformed Churches of Australia">Christian Reformed Churches of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Congregational_Churches" title="Fellowship of Congregational Churches">Fellowship of Congregational Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Australia" title="Presbyterian Church of Australia">Presbyterian Church of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_Church_in_Australia" title="Uniting Church in Australia">Uniting Church in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_and_American_Reformed_Churches" title="Canadian and American Reformed Churches">Canadian and American Reformed Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%89glise_r%C3%A9form%C3%A9e_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Église réformée du Québec">L'Église réformée du Québec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Canada" title="Presbyterian Church in Canada">Presbyterian Church in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Canada" title="United Church of Canada">United Church of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Indonesia" title="Protestant Church in Indonesia">Protestant Church in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Jesus_Christ_in_Madagascar" title="Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar">Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand">Presbyterian Church of New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Reformed_Church_of_Nigeria" title="Christian Reformed Church of Nigeria">Christian Reformed Church of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Christ_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Christ in Nigeria">Church of Christ in Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Christ_in_the_Sudan_Among_the_Tiv" title="Church of Christ in the Sudan Among the Tiv">Church of Christ in the Sudan Among the Tiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_Christ" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of Christ">Evangelical Reformed Church of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Nigeria" title="Presbyterian Church of Nigeria">Presbyterian Church of Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_of_Christ_in_Nigeria" title="Reformed Church of Christ in Nigeria">Reformed Church of Christ in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Presbyterian_Churches" title="Associated Presbyterian Churches">Asso. Presbyterian Churches, Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_Federation" title="Congregational Federation">Congregational Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales">Evangelical Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Ireland" title="Presbyterian Church in Ireland">Presbyterian Church in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Wales" title="Presbyterian Church of Wales">Presbyterian Church of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Reformed_Church" title="United Reformed Church">United Reformed Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_in_Zambia" title="United Church in Zambia">United Church in Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Stone-<br />Campbell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church_(Disciples_of_Christ)" title="Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)">Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Christian_Church_in_Canada" title="Evangelical Christian Church in Canada">Evangelical Christian Church in Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Christian_Convention" title="North American Christian Convention">North American Christian Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ_in_Australia" title="Churches of Christ in Australia">Churches of Christ in Australia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br /><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_Christian_Church" title="Advent Christian Church">Advent Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li></ul></li> <li>other <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_and_Missionary_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian and Missionary Alliance">Christian and Missionary Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_Winning_All" title="Evangelical Church Winning All">Evangelical Church Winning All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QIC-United_Evangelical_Church" title="QIC-United Evangelical Church">QIC-United Evangelical Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Gospel_Fellowship" title="Grace Gospel Fellowship">Grace Gospel Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFCA_International" title="IFCA International">IFCA International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Jewish_Alliance_of_America" title="Messianic Jewish Alliance of America">Messianic Jewish Alliance of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newfrontiers" title="Newfrontiers">Newfrontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Vineyard_Churches" title="Association of Vineyard Churches">Vineyard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Brethren" title="Exclusive Brethren">Exclusive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Brethren" title="Open Brethren">Open</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Friends" title="Conservative Friends">Conservative Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Friends_Church_International" title="Evangelical Friends Church International">Evangelical Friends Church International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_General_Conference" title="Friends General Conference">Friends General Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_United_Meeting" title="Friends United Meeting">Friends United Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers_in_Africa#Kenya" title="Quakers in Africa">Friends Church in Kenya</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Nestorian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian Church of the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient Church of the East</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedenborgianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedenborgianism">Swedenborgianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Church" title="Unity Church">Unity Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion#Folk_Christianity" title="Folk religion">Folk Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">Folk Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Orthodoxy" title="Folk Orthodoxy">Folk Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements"><span style="font-size:90%;">Movements</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-initiated_church" title="African-initiated church">African-initiated church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Asceticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_atheism" title="Christian atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_theology" title="Dominion theology">Dominionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ecumenism" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_church" title="Emerging church">Emerging church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_church" title="House church">Home church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_sacramental_movement" title="Independent sacramental movement">Independent sacramental movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="New Thought Movement">New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/24px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/32px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christianity_footer" title="Template talk:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christianity footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christianity" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Christianity-related_articles" title="Index of Christianity-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Christianity" title="Outline of Christianity">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Christianity" title="Glossary of Christianity">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Christians" title="Lists of Christians">Lists of Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_by_country" title="Christianity by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">(Scriptures)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed" title="Creed">Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_gospel" title="The gospel">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Covenant" title="New Covenant">New Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Christian tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity" title="History of Christianity">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Christianity" title="Timeline of Christianity">timeline</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Christianity" title="Spread of Christianity">spread</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">in Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion" title="Christianity as the Roman state religion">State church of the Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canon">Christian biblical canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">East–West Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Relations with Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_influences_on_the_Islamic_world" title="Christian influences on the Islamic world">Influences</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denominations</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_by_number_of_members" title="List of Christian denominations by number of members">members</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christianity" title="Reformed Christianity">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Rite_Orthodoxy" title="Western Rite Orthodoxy">Western Rite Orthodoxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastern Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Churches" title="Oriental Orthodox Churches">Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">Church of the East (Nestorian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationism" title="Restorationism">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a></li> <li><span title="Tagalog-language text"><span lang="tl" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_theology" title="Christian theology">Theology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christianity" title="Holy Spirit in Christianity">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tradition" title="Sacred tradition">Tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_again" title="Born again">Born again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_worship" title="Eastern Orthodox worship">Eastern Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_liturgy" title="Protestant liturgy">Protestant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology" title="Mariology">Mariology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiology" title="Ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_Christ" title="Body of Christ">Body of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">Canon law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">Sacraments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_sick" title="Anointing of the sick">Anointing of the Sick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">Holy orders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mission" title="Christian mission">Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ablution_in_Christianity" title="Ablution in Christianity">Ablution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hygiene_in_Christianity" title="Hygiene in Christianity">Hygiene</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ethics" title="Christian ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_science" title="Christianity and science">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups" title="Rejection of evolution by religious groups">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_politics" title="Christianity and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_poverty_and_wealth" title="Christian views on poverty and wealth">Views on poverty and wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_architecture" title="Church architecture">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_cathedrals_and_great_churches" title="Architecture of cathedrals and great churches">Architecture of cathedrals and great churches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trinity_in_art" title="The Trinity in art">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_the_Father_in_Western_art" title="God the Father in Western art">God the Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Christian_art" title="Holy Spirit in Christian art">Holy Spirit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">Catechism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Flag" title="Christian Flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_literature" title="Christian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mythology" title="Christian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_piety" title="Popular piety">Popular piety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cathedrals" title="Lists of cathedrals">Cathedrals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_movements" title="List of Christian movements">Movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crusading_movement" title="Crusading movement">Crusading movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_environmentalism" title="Christian views on environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_existentialism" title="Christian existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism" title="Christian fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_left" title="Christian left">Left</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_mysticism" title="Christian mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperity_theology" title="Prosperity theology">Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Catholicism" title="Traditionalist Catholicism">Traditionalist Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">Ecumenism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Charta_Oecumenica" title="Charta Oecumenica">Charta Oecumenica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches" title="World Council of Churches">World Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Evangelical_Alliance" title="World Evangelical Alliance">World Evangelical Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Anti-Christian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Christian universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Christianity" title="Criticism of Christianity">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Christians" title="Cultural Christians">Cultural Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_other_religions" title="Christianity and other religions">Relations with other religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/16px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" 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title="Template talk:Religion topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religious_groups_and_denominations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religious groups and denominations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a>/<a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelder Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restorationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Students</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement#Associated_Bible_Students" title="Bible Student movement">Associated Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Bible_Students" title="Free Bible Students">Free Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Man" title="Friends of Man">Friends of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Kitawala" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Kitawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laymen%27s_Home_Missionary_Movement" title="Laymen's Home Missionary Movement">Laymen's Home Missionary Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Swedenborgianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Modernist Salafism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Illahism" title="Ali-Illahism">Ali-Illahism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishikism" title="Ishikism">Ishikism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Alevism" title="Kurdish Alevism">Kurdish Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdawi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdawi movement">Mahdavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milah_Abraham" title="Milah Abraham">Milah Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azali" title="Azali">Azalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilm-e-Khshnoom" title="Ilm-e-Khshnoom">Ilm-e-Khshnoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaznan" title="Mazdaznan">Mazdaznan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabakism">Shabakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Assianism/Uatsdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshani_movement" title="Roshani movement">Roshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Manichaeism" title="Chinese Manichaeism">Chinese Manichaeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_teaching" title="Luo teaching">Luoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuo_folk_religion" title="Nuo folk religion">Nuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Salvationist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiantiandao" title="Xiantiandao">Xiantiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiguandao" title="Yiguandao">Yiguandao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions" title="Chinese ritual mastery traditions">Folk Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_folk_religion" title="Yao folk religion">Yao Taoism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_sects_and_schools" title="Shinto sects and schools">list</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D" title="Shugendō">Shugendō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Korean shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheondoism" title="Cheondoism">Cheondoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeung_San_Do" title="Jeung San Do">Jeungsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnamese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_M%E1%BA%ABu" title="Đạo Mẫu">Đạo Mẫu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Caodaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hoahaoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_B%E1%BB%ADu_S%C6%A1n_K%E1%BB%B3_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương">Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka_Sampradaya" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapatya" title="Ganapatya">Ganapatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaumaram" title="Kaumaram">Kaumaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saura_(Hinduism)" title="Saura (Hinduism)">Sauraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Neo-Hinduism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Thiền</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Amidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Neo-Buddhism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalash_people#Religion" title="Kalash people">Kalash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kirat Mundhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedda#Religion" title="Vedda">Vedda religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Altaic_languages" title="Altaic languages">Altaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" title="Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_creation_myth" title="Tungusic creation myth">Tungusic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenks#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_shamanism" title="Manchu shamanism">Manchu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarna_(place)" title="Sarna (place)">Sarnaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parmalim" title="Parmalim">Batak Parmalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people#Religion_and_festivals" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Sabahan_religions" title="Traditional Sabahan religions">Traditional Sabahan religions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_Kepercayaan" title="Aliran Kepercayaan">Aliran Kepercayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitayan" title="Kapitayan">Kapitayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemena" title="Pemena">Karo Pemena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_folk_religion" title="Malaysian folk religion">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Philippine_folk_religions" title="Indigenous Philippine folk religions">Philippine Dayawism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religious_beliefs_of_the_Tagalog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_religion" title="Hawaiian religion">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marapu" title="Marapu">Sumbese Marapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sundanese Wiwitan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native<br />American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_mythology" title="Abenaki mythology">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">Alaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_traditional_beliefs" title="Anishinaabe traditional beliefs">Anishinaabe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe#Spiritual_beliefs" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midewiwin" title="Midewiwin">Midewiwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabunowin" title="Wabunowin">Wabunowin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache#Religion" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_mythology" title="Blackfoot mythology">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_narratives_of_Indigenous_Californians" title="Traditional narratives of Indigenous Californians">Californian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuksu_(religion)" title="Kuksu (religion)">Kuksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_mythology" title="Miwok mythology">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_mythology" title="Ohlone mythology">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_religion" title="Pomo religion">Pomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_mythology" title="Chilote mythology">Chilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_religion" title="Crow religion">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance" title="Ghost Dance">Ghost Dance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sun_Dance" title="Sun Dance">Sun Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_mythology" title="Guarani mythology">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_mythology" title="Haida mythology">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_mythology" title="Ho-Chunk mythology">Ho-Chunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_mythology" title="Iroquois mythology">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_spiritual_beliefs" title="Cherokee spiritual beliefs">Cherokee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mothers_Society" title="Four Mothers Society">Four Mothers Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keetoowah_Nighthawk_Society" title="Keetoowah Nighthawk Society">Keetoowah Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse_Religion" title="Longhouse Religion">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people#Religion" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Muscogee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_mythology" title="Seneca mythology">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyandot religion">Wyandot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples#Religion" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jivaroan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_mythology" title="Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology">Kwakwakaʼwakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape_mythology" title="Lenape mythology">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_religion" title="Mapuche religion">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_religion" title="Purépecha religion">Purépecha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo#Spiritual_and_religious_beliefs" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_mythology" title="Nuu-chah-nulth mythology">Nuu-chah-nulth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_mythology" title="Pawnee mythology">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_religion" title="Pueblo religion">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Pueblo#Religion" title="Acoma Pueblo">Acoma Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_mythology" title="Zuni mythology">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux#Religion" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_religion" title="Lakota religion">Lakota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wocekiye" title="Wocekiye">Wocekiye</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian_mythology" title="Tsimshian mythology">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_mythology" title="Ute mythology">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions#Washat_Dreamers_Religion" title="Native American religions">Washat Dreamers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui#Yaqui_cosmology_and_religion" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_religion" title="Ahom religion">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" title="Miao folk religion">Hmongism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_(religion)" title="Mo (religion)">Mo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_folk_religion" title="Tai folk religion">Satsana Phi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_folk_religion" title="Burmese folk religion">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzhuism" title="Benzhuism">Benzhuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathouism" title="Bathouism">Bathouism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mun_(religion)" title="Mun (religion)">Bongthingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba" title="Dongba">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donyi-Polo" title="Donyi-Polo">Donyi-Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraka">Heraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kiratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_folk_religion" title="Qiang folk religion">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional <br /> African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">North African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">Berber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" title="Church of the Guanche People">Guanche church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Sub-Saharan<br />African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Akamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_religion" title="Akan religion">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluba_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluba mythology">Baluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_traditional_religion" title="Zulu traditional religion">Zulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushongo_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushongo mythology">Bushongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinka_religion" title="Dinka religion">Dinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogon_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogon religion">Dogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomean_religion" title="Dahomean religion">Fon and Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_people" title="Ik people">Ik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotuko_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotuko mythology">Lotuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozi_mythology" title="Lozi mythology">Lozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" title="Lugbara mythology">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" title="Mbuti mythology">Mbuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odinala" title="Odinala">Odinala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_religion" title="San religion">San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Serer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_mythology" title="Tumbuka mythology">Tumbuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo_people" title="Urhobo people">Urhobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waaqeffanna" title="Waaqeffanna">Waaqeffanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">Diasporic</a>:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Bantu" title="Candomblé Bantu">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Jej%C3%A9" title="Candomblé Jejé">Jejé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Ketu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfa" title="Comfa">Comfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convince" title="Convince">Convince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espiritismo" title="Espiritismo">Espiritismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumina" title="Kumina">Kumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">Obeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_de_Mina" title="Tambor de Mina">Tambor de Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Aboriginal Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_mythology" title="Papuan mythology">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">Siberian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New<br /> religious<br /> movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syncretic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Religion" title="Coconut Religion">Coconut Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meivazhi" title="Meivazhi">Meivazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modekngei" title="Modekngei">Modekngei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Acropolis" title="New Acropolis">New Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh_movement" title="Rajneesh movement">Rajneesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roerichism" title="Roerichism">Roerichism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subud" title="Subud">Subud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensegrity_(Castaneda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensegrity (Castaneda)">Tensegrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Theosophy" title="Neo-Theosophy">Neo-Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Yoga" title="Agni Yoga">Agni Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_White_Brotherhood" title="Universal White Brotherhood">White Brotherhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Modern<br />paganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godianism" title="Godianism">Godianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" title="Baltic neopaganism">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" title="Dievturība">Dievturība</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" title="Caucasian neopaganism">Caucasian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz neopaganism">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_Xabze" title="Adyghe Xabze">Circassian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenism (modern religion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism" title="Polytheistic reconstructionism">Polytheistic reconstructionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Roman_religion" title="Reconstructionist Roman religion">Italo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Authentism" title="Russian Authentism">Authentism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" title="Uralic neopaganism">Uralic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_neopaganism" title="Estonian neopaganism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Finnish_paganism" title="Modern Finnish paganism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Native_Faith" title="Hungarian Native Faith">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_religion" title="Mari religion">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzyan_native_religion" title="Erzyan native religion">Erzya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Vos" title="Udmurt Vos">Udmurt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Zalmoxianism</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_pagan_movements" title="List of modern pagan movements">list</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">De novo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckankar" title="Eckankar">Eckankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Way" title="Fourth Way">Fourth Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jediism" title="Jediism">Jediism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Historical_religions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">Historical religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people#Religion" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_mythology" title="Prussian mythology">Old Prussian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_mythology" title="Basque mythology">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_mythology" title="Cook Islands mythology">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuegians#Spiritual_culture" title="Fuegians">Fuegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_mythology" title="Selk'nam mythology">Selk'nam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_paganism" title="Frankish paganism">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(religion)" title="Orphism (religion)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#System_of_beliefs" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation#Religion" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Harappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurrian_religion" title="Hurrian religion">Hurrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederacy#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Confederacy">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroon_religion" title="Jamaican Maroon religion">Jamaican Maroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdakism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Indigenous_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan Indigenous religion">Nauruan Indigenous religion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_religion" title="Olmec religion">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian mythology">Dacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_religion" title="Illyrian religion">Illyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_religion" title="Thracian religion">Thracian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketmaker_III_Era#Culture_and_religion" title="Basketmaker III Era">Ancestral Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_II_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo II Period">Pueblo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_III_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo III Period">Pueblo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_IV_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo IV Period">Pueblo IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cult of Magna Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_religion" title="Gallo-Roman religion">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_religion" title="Punic religion">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_religion" title="Scythian religion">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_mythology" title="Somali mythology">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_religion" title="Tongan religion">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu#Religion" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vainakh_religion" title="Vainakh religion">Vainakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization#Religion_and_Myth" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">Apostasy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Religious_disaffiliation" title="Religious disaffiliation">Disaffiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_behaviour" title="Religious behaviour">Behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belief#Religion" title="Belief">Beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_to_prayer" title="Call to prayer">Call to prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_(religion)" title="Covenant (religion)">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">Denomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_worship" title="Fire worship">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion" title="Indigenous religion">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice" title="Novice">Novice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopraxy" title="Orthopraxy">Orthopraxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">Purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_space" title="Sacred space">Sacred space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_waters" title="Sacred waters">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains" title="Sacred mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tree" title="Sacred tree">Trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_symbol" title="Religious symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth" title="Religious views on truth">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_and_religion" title="Water and religion">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">Worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Astral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">Place</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheism" title="Nontheism">Nontheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious<br />studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" title="Cognitive science of religion">Cognitive science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion" title="Evolutionary psychology of religion">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_religion" title="Neuroscience of religion">Neurotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">Soteriology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">Salvation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_about_religion" title="Theories about religion">Theories about religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_religion" title="Women and religion">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society" title="Category:Religion and society">Religion <br />and society</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" title="Religion and agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_business" title="Religion and business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_assimilation" title="Religious assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">Proselytism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_religion" title="Disability and religion">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_fanaticism" title="Religious fanaticism">Fanaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_religion" title="Growth of religion">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_happiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and happiness">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_religion" title="Minority religion">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">National church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" title="Importance of religion by country">National religiosity levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">Populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religiocentrism" title="Religiocentrism">Religiocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_video_games" title="Religion and video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" title="Wealth and religion">Wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligion" title="Antireligion">Antireligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_religion" title="Criticism of religion">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_deconstruction" title="Positive deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_theology" title="Secular theology">Secular theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Overviews<br />and <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion-related_lists" title="Category:Religion-related lists">lists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_been_considered_deities" title="List of people who have been considered deities">Deification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_founders_of_religious_traditions" title="List of founders of religious traditions">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_religion-related_articles" title="Index of religion-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_peaceful_gatherings" title="List of largest peaceful gatherings">Mass gatherings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" title="List of new religious movements">New religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" title="List of religious organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_religion" title="Outline of religion">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religions and spiritual traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_religion" title="Timeline of religion">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion by country</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Algeria" title="Religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Angola" title="Religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Benin" title="Religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Botswana" title="Religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burundi" title="Religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cameroon" title="Religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chad" title="Religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Egypt" title="Religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Religion in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eritrea" title="Religion in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eswatini" title="Religion in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gabon" title="Religion in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Gambia" title="Religion in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ghana" title="Religion in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea" title="Religion in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Religion in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Religion in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kenya" title="Religion in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lesotho" title="Religion in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liberia" title="Religion in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Libya" title="Religion in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Madagascar" title="Religion in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malawi" title="Religion in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mali" title="Religion in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritania" title="Religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritius" title="Religion in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Morocco" title="Religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Namibia" title="Religion in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niger" title="Religion in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Rwanda" title="Religion in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Religion in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Senegal" title="Religion in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Seychelles" title="Religion in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Religion in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Somalia" title="Religion in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Africa" title="Religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Sudan" title="Religion in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan" title="Religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tanzania" title="Religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Togo" title="Religion in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tunisia" title="Religion in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uganda" title="Religion in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zambia" title="Religion in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zimbabwe" title="Religion in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bahrain" title="Religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bhutan" title="Religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brunei" title="Religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_East_Timor" title="Religion in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jordan" title="Religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kuwait" title="Religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Laos" title="Religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lebanon" title="Religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Maldives" title="Religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia" title="Religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Myanmar" title="Religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nepal" title="Religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oman" title="Religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Qatar" title="Religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Singapore" title="Religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen" title="Religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Europe" title="Religion in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Andorra" title="Religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Austria" title="Religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belarus" title="Religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a 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title="Religion in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_El_Salvador" title="Religion in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guatemala" title="Religion in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Haiti" title="Religion in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Honduras" title="Religion in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jamaica" title="Religion in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mexico" title="Religion in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nicaragua" title="Religion in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Panama" title="Religion in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts 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