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id="toc-Other_stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Other stories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Ill-Advised_Curiosity_summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Ill-Advised_Curiosity_summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 The Ill-Advised Curiosity summary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Ill-Advised_Curiosity_summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style_and_interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style_and_interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Style and interpretations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Style_and_interpretations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Style and interpretations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Style_and_interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Use_of_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Use of language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_of_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meaning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meaning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Meaning </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meaning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Themes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Background </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Background-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Background subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spurious_Second_Part_by_Avellaneda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spurious_Second_Part_by_Avellaneda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Spurious Second Part by Avellaneda </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spurious_Second_Part_by_Avellaneda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Setting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Setting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Setting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Setting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Location </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Historical context </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influence_on_modern_Spanish" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_modern_Spanish"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Influence on modern Spanish </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_modern_Spanish-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_the_English_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_the_English_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Influence on the English language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_the_English_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tilting_at_windmills" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tilting_at_windmills"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2.1 Tilting at windmills </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tilting_at_windmills-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Publication </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publication-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Publication subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Publication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English_editions_in_translation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_editions_in_translation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 English editions in translation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_editions_in_translation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_English_translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_English_translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 List of English translations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_English_translations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle List of English translations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_English_translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English_Translation_of_the_Spurious_Don_Quixote" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_Translation_of_the_Spurious_Don_Quixote"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 English Translation of the Spurious Don Quixote </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_Translation_of_the_Spurious_Don_Quixote-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Original" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Original </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translations_of_the_French_Translation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations_of_the_French_Translation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.2 Translations of the French Translation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations_of_the_French_Translation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle See also subsection </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Authors_and_works_mentioned_in_Don_Quixote" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authors_and_works_mentioned_in_Don_Quixote"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Authors and works mentioned in Don Quixote </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authors_and_works_mentioned_in_Don_Quixote-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 General </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Don Quixote</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 123 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-123" aria-hidden="true" > 123 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quichot_(boek)" title="Don Quichot (boek) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Don Quichot (boek)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B6%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%AA%E1%88%96%E1%89%B4" title="ዶን ኪሖቴ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዶን ኪሖቴ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F" title="डॉन क्विक्ज़ोट – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="डॉन क्विक्ज़ोट" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="دون كيخوتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دون كيخوتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixot_d%27a_Mancha" title="Don Quixot d'a Mancha – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Don Quixot d'a Mancha" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote_de_la_Mancha" title="Don Quixote de la Mancha – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Don Quixote de la Mancha" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F" title="डन क्विजोट – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="डन क्विजोट" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote_de_la_Mancha" title="Don Quijote de la Mancha – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Don Quijote de la Mancha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Kixot" title="Don Kixot – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Don Kixot" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87" title="ডন কিহোতে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডন কিহোতে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Дон Кихот (роман) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дон Кихот (роман)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Дон Кіхот (раман) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дон Кіхот (раман)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Хітрамудры ідальга Дон Кіхот Ляманчаскі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хітрамудры ідальга Дон Кіхот Ляманчаскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Дон Кихот – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дон Кихот" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%97%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%8F%E0%BC%8D" title="ཐང་རྗི་ཁོཏ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཐང་རྗི་ཁོཏ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote_de_la_Mancha" title="Don Quijote de la Mancha – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Don Quijote de la Mancha" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Quixot" title="El Quixot – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="El Quixot" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%AFmysln%C3%BD_ryt%C3%AD%C5%99_Don_Quijote_de_la_Mancha" title="Důmyslný rytíř Don Quijote de la Mancha – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Důmyslný rytíř Don Quijote de la Mancha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Don Quixote" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%9A%CE%B9%CF%87%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Δον Κιχώτης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δον Κιχώτης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote_de_la_Mancha" title="Don Quijote de la Mancha – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Don Quijote de la Mancha" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donki%C4%A5oto_(romano)" title="Donkiĥoto (romano) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Donkiĥoto (romano)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Kixote_Mantxakoa" title="On Kixote Mantxakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="On Kixote Mantxakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AA" title="دن کیشوت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دن کیشوت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quichotte" title="Don Quichotte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Don Quichotte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quichot" title="Don Quichot – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Don Quichot" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Don Quixote" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote_da_Mancha" title="Don Quixote da Mancha – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Don Quixote da Mancha" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87" title="ડોન કિહોટે – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ડોન કિહોટે" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%88_%ED%82%A4%ED%98%B8%ED%85%8C" title="돈 키호테 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="돈 키호테" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%BF_(%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BA)" title="Դոն Կիխոտ (վեպ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դոն Կիխոտ (վեպ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F" title="डॉन क्विक्ज़ोट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डॉन क्विक्ज़ोट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Don Quixote" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote_de_La_Mancha" title="Don Quixote de La Mancha – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Don Quixote de La Mancha" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote_de_la_Mancha" title="Don Quijote de la Mancha – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Don Quijote de la Mancha" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_K%C3%ADk%C3%B3ti" title="Don Kíkóti – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Don Kíkóti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Chisciotte_della_Mancia" title="Don Chisciotte della Mancia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Don Chisciotte della Mancia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%98" title="דון קישוט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דון קישוט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="დონ კიხოტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დონ კიხოტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quichotte" title="Don Quichotte – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Don Quichotte" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_K%C3%AE%C5%9Fot" title="Don Kîşot – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Don Kîşot" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Дон Кихот – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дон Кихот" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Дон Кихот (роман) – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Дон Кихот (роман)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Kishot_de_la_Mancha" title="Don Kishot de la Mancha – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Don Kishot de la Mancha" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominus_Quixotus_a_Manica" title="Dominus Quixotus a Manica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dominus Quixotus a Manica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dons_Kihots" title="Dons Kihots – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dons Kihots" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Don Quixote" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Kichotas" title="Don Kichotas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Don Kichotas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Cixote" title="Sir Cixote – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sir Cixote" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote_de_la_Mancha" title="Don Quijote de la Mancha – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Don Quijote de la Mancha" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Дон Кихот – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дон Кихот" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86" title="ഡോൺ ക്വിഹോട്ടെ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡോൺ ക്വിഹോട്ടെ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dun_Kixott_mill-Man%C4%8Ba" title="Dun Kixott mill-Manċa – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Dun Kixott mill-Manċa" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F" title="डॉन क्विक्झोट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डॉन क्विक्झोट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="დონ კიხოტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დონ კიხოტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AA" title="دون كيشوت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دون كيشوت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AA" title="دون کیشوت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="دون کیشوت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Don Quixote" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Don Quixote" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Don Quixote" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Дон Кихот – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дон Кихот" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Ingenioso_Hidalgo_Don_Quixote_de_la_Mancha" title="El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quichot_(boek)" title="Don Quichot (boek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Don Quichot (boek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87" title="दन किहोते – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="दन किहोते" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86" title="ドン・キホーテ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドン・キホーテ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B2n_Quish%C3%B2t" title="Dòn Quishòt – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dòn Quishòt" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote_sarguzashtlari" title="Don Quixote sarguzashtlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Don Quixote sarguzashtlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87" title="ਦੌਨ ਕੀਹੋਤੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਦੌਨ ਕੀਹੋਤੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خدائی فوجدار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خدائی فوجدار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote_di_Mancha" title="Don Quijote di Mancha – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Don Quijote di Mancha" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote_de_la_Mancha" title="Don Quijote de la Mancha – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Don Quijote de la Mancha" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Kichot_(powie%C5%9B%C4%87)" title="Don Kichot (powieść) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Don Kichot (powieść)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_Quixote" title="Dom Quixote – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dom Quixote" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote_de_La_Mancha" title="Don Quijote de La Mancha – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Don Quijote de La Mancha" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Дон Кихот (роман) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дон Кихот (роман)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Chisciote_de_sa_M%C3%A0ntzia" title="Don Chisciote de sa Màntzia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Don Chisciote de sa Màntzia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Don Quixote" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Kishoti_i_Man%C3%A7%C3%ABs" title="Don Kishoti i Mançës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Don Kishoti i Mançës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Chisciotti" title="Don Chisciotti – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Don Chisciotti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Don Quixote" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B4myseln%C3%BD_rytier_Don_Quijote_de_la_Mancha" title="Dômyselný rytier Don Quijote de la Mancha – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dômyselný rytier Don Quijote de la Mancha" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Kihot" title="Don Kihot – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Don Kihot" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%86%D8%AA" title="دۆن کیشۆت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دۆن کیشۆت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Дон Кихот – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дон Кихот" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote_de_la_Mancha" title="Don Quijote de la Mancha – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Don Quijote de la Mancha" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Don Quixote" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="டான் குய்க்ஸோட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டான் குய்க்ஸோட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Kicu%E1%B9%AD" title="Don Kicuṭ – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Don Kicuṭ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%87" title="డాన్ కీహోటే – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="డాన్ కీహోటే" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%86%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ดอนกิโฆเต้ แห่งลามันช่า ขุนนางต่ำศักดิ์นักฝัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดอนกิโฆเต้ แห่งลามันช่า ขุนนางต่ำศักดิ์นักฝัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Ki%C5%9Fot" title="Don Kişot – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Don Kişot" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Kihot" title="Don Kihot – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Don Kihot" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Дон Кіхот – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дон Кіхот" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84)" title="خدائی فوجدار (ناول) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خدائی فوجدار (ناول)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Chissote_de_%C5%82a_M%C3%A0ncia" title="Don Chissote de ła Mància – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Don Chissote de ła Mància" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quijote" title="Don Quijote – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Don Quijote" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Don Quixote" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%90%89%E8%A8%B6%E5%BE%B7" title="唐吉訶德 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="唐吉訶德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A2" title="דאן קיכאטע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דאן קיכאטע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%90%89%E8%A8%B6%E5%BE%B7" title="唐吉訶德 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="唐吉訶德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%82%E5%90%89%E8%AF%83%E5%BE%B7" title="堂吉诃德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="堂吉诃德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Spanish novel. For the title character, see <a href="/wiki/Alonso_Quijano" title="Alonso Quijano">Alonso Quijano</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Don Quixote (disambiguation)">Don Quixote (disambiguation)</a>. "Quijote" redirects here. For the genus of gastropod, see <a href="/wiki/Quijote_(gastropod)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quijote (gastropod)">Quijote (gastropod)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Don Quixote <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Don+Quixote&rft.author=%5B%5BMiguel+de+Cervantes%5D%5D&rft.date=1605+%28Part+One%29%3Cbr+%2F%3E1615+%28Part+Two%29&rft.pub=%5B%5BFrancisco+de+Robles%5D%5D&rft.place=%5B%5BHabsburg+Spain%5D%5D"></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Title_page_first_edition_Don_Quijote.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Title_page_first_edition_Don_Quijote.jpg/250px-Title_page_first_edition_Don_Quijote.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="401" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Title_page_first_edition_Don_Quijote.jpg/375px-Title_page_first_edition_Don_Quijote.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Title_page_first_edition_Don_Quijote.jpg/500px-Title_page_first_edition_Don_Quijote.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="1762" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Don Quixote de la Mancha (first edition, 1605)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data">El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Spanish" title="Early Modern Spanish">Early Modern Spanish</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Robles" title="Francisco de Robles">Francisco de Robles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1605 (Part One) 1615 (Part Two)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburg Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Published in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1612 (Part One) 1620 (Part Two)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Decimal_Classification" title="Dewey Decimal Classification">Dewey Decimal</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">863</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/LCC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCC (identifier)"><abbr title="Library of Congress Classification">LC Class</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">PQ6323</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Original text</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/es:Don_Quijote_de_la_Mancha" class="extiw" title="s:es:Don Quijote de la Mancha">El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha</a> at Spanish <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Translation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Don_Quixote" class="extiw" title="s:Don Quixote">Don Quixote</a> at Wikisource</td></tr></tbody></table> Don Quixote,<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-spelling-3">[b]</a> the full title being The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha,<a href="#cite_note-Spanishtitle-4">[c]</a> is a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novel</a> by <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes</a>. It was originally published in two parts, in 1605 and 1615. Considered a founding work of <a href="/wiki/Western_literature" title="Western literature">Western literature</a>, it is often said to be the first modern <a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">novel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[3]</a> Don Quixote is also one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_works_by_number_of_translations" title="List of literary works by number of translations">most-translated books in the world</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[4]</a> and one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_books" title="List of best-selling books">best-selling novels of all time</a>. The plot revolves around the adventures of a member of the lowest nobility, an <a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_(nobility)" title="Hidalgo (nobility)">hidalgo</a><a href="#cite_note-hidalgo-8">[d]</a> from <a href="/wiki/La_Mancha" title="La Mancha">La Mancha</a> named <a href="/wiki/Alonso_Quijano" title="Alonso Quijano">Alonso Quijano</a>, who reads so many <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_romance" title="Chivalric romance">chivalric romances</a> that he loses his mind and decides to become a <a href="/wiki/Knight-errant" title="Knight-errant">knight-errant</a> (caballero andante) to revive <a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">chivalry</a> and serve his nation, under the name <a href="/wiki/Don_(honorific)" title="Don (honorific)">Don</a> Quixote de la Mancha.<a href="#cite_note-spelling-3">[b]</a> He recruits as his squire a simple farm labourer, <a href="/wiki/Sancho_Panza" title="Sancho Panza">Sancho Panza</a>, who brings a unique, earthy wit to Don Quixote's lofty rhetoric. In the first part of the book, Don Quixote does not see the world for what it is and prefers to imagine that he is living out a knightly story meant for the annals of all time. However, as <a href="/wiki/Salvador_de_Madariaga" title="Salvador de Madariaga">Salvador de Madariaga</a> pointed out in his Guía del lector del Quijote (1972 [1926]),<a href="#cite_note-9">[5]</a> referring to "the Sanchification of Don Quixote and the Quixotization of Sancho", as "Sancho's spirit ascends from reality to illusion, Don Quixote's declines from illusion to reality".<a href="#cite_note-10">[6]</a> The book had a major influence on the literary community, as evidenced by direct references in <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Musketeers" title="The Three Musketeers">The Three Musketeers</a> (1844),<a href="#cite_note-11">[7]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Rostand" title="Edmond Rostand">Edmond Rostand</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cyrano_de_Bergerac_(play)" title="Cyrano de Bergerac (play)">Cyrano de Bergerac</a> (1897)<a href="#cite_note-12">[8]</a> as well as the word <a href="/wiki/Quixotism" title="Quixotism">quixotic</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> referred to the book as having "swept the world's admiration for the mediaeval chivalry-silliness out of existence".<a href="#cite_note-13">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-twain-14">[e]</a> It has been described by some as the greatest work ever written.<a href="#cite_note-15">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary">Summary</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Summary">edit</a>]</div> For Cervantes and the readers of his day, Don Quixote was a one-volume book published in 1605, divided internally into four parts, not the first part of a two-part set. The mention in the 1605 book of further adventures yet to be told was totally conventional, did not indicate any authorial plans for a continuation, and was not taken seriously by the book's first readers.<a href="#cite_note-17">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_1">Part 1</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Part 1">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustave_Dor%C3%A9_-_Miguel_de_Cervantes_-_Don_Quixote_-_Part_1_-_Chapter_1_-_Plate_1_%22A_world_of_disorderly_notions,_picked_out_of_his_books,_crowded_into_his_imagination%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9_-_Miguel_de_Cervantes_-_Don_Quixote_-_Part_1_-_Chapter_1_-_Plate_1_%22A_world_of_disorderly_notions%2C_picked_out_of_his_books%2C_crowded_into_his_imagination%22.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9_-_Miguel_de_Cervantes_-_Don_Quixote_-_Part_1_-_Chapter_1_-_Plate_1_%22A_world_of_disorderly_notions%2C_picked_out_of_his_books%2C_crowded_into_his_imagination%22.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9_-_Miguel_de_Cervantes_-_Don_Quixote_-_Part_1_-_Chapter_1_-_Plate_1_%22A_world_of_disorderly_notions%2C_picked_out_of_his_books%2C_crowded_into_his_imagination%22.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6456" data-file-height="8352" /></a><figcaption>Don Quixote goes mad from his reading of books of chivalry. Engraving by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_first_sally">The first sally</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The first sally">edit</a>]</div> Cervantes, in a <a href="/wiki/Metafictional" class="mw-redirect" title="Metafictional">metafictional</a> narrative, writes that the first few chapters were taken from "the archives of La Mancha", and the rest were translated from an Arabic text by the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moorish</a> historian <a href="/wiki/Cide_Hamete_Benengeli" title="Cide Hamete Benengeli">Cide Hamete Benengeli</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alonso_Quixano" class="mw-redirect" title="Alonso Quixano">Alonso Quixano</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_(nobility)" title="Hidalgo (nobility)">hidalgo</a> nearing 50 years of age who lives in a deliberately unspecified region of <a href="/wiki/La_Mancha" title="La Mancha">La Mancha</a> with his niece and housekeeper. While he lives a frugal life, as an avid reader of chivalric romances, he is full of fantasies about chivalry. Eventually, he goes mad and decides to become a <a href="/wiki/Knight_errant" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight errant">knight errant</a>. To that end, he dons an old suit of armor, renames himself "Don Quixote", names his old workhorse "<a href="/wiki/Rocinante" title="Rocinante">Rocinante</a>", and designates Aldonza Lorenzo (a slaughterhouse worker with a famed hand for salting pork) his <a href="/wiki/Courtly_love" title="Courtly love">lady love</a>, renaming her <a href="/wiki/Dulcinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulcinea">Dulcinea del Toboso</a>. As he travels in search of adventure, he arrives at an inn that he believes to be a castle, calls the prostitutes he meets there "ladies", and demands that the innkeeper, whom he takes to be the lord of the castle, dub him a knight. The innkeeper agrees. Quixote starts the night holding <a href="/wiki/Vigil" title="Vigil">vigil</a> at the inn's horse trough, which Quixote imagines to be a chapel. He then becomes involved in a fight with <a href="/wiki/Arriero" title="Arriero">muleteers</a> who try to remove his armor from the horse trough so that they can water their mules. In a pretended ceremony, the innkeeper dubs him a knight to be rid of him and sends him on his way. Quixote encounters a servant named Andres who is tied to a tree and beaten by his master over disputed wages. Quixote orders the master to stop beating Andres and untie him and makes the master swear to treat Andres fairly. However, the beating is resumed, and redoubled, as soon as Quixote leaves. Quixote then encounters traders from <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>. He demands that they agree that Dulcinea del Toboso is the most beautiful woman in the world. One of them demands to see her picture so that he can decide for himself. Enraged, Quixote charges at them but his horse stumbles, causing him to fall. One of the traders beats up Quixote, who is left at the side of the road until a neighboring peasant brings him back home. While Quixote lies unconscious in his bed, his niece, the housekeeper, the parish <a href="/wiki/Curate" title="Curate">curate</a>, and the local barber burn most of his chivalric and other books. They seal up the room which contained the library, later telling Quixote that it was done by a wizard. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_second_sally">The second sally</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The second sally">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Quijote_Illustration_by_Gustave_Dore_VII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Don_Quijote_Illustration_by_Gustave_Dore_VII.jpg/220px-Don_Quijote_Illustration_by_Gustave_Dore_VII.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Don_Quijote_Illustration_by_Gustave_Dore_VII.jpg/330px-Don_Quijote_Illustration_by_Gustave_Dore_VII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Don_Quijote_Illustration_by_Gustave_Dore_VII.jpg/440px-Don_Quijote_Illustration_by_Gustave_Dore_VII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="3851" /></a><figcaption>Illustration by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a> depicting the famous windmill scene</figcaption></figure> Don Quixote asks his neighbour, the poor farm labourer <a href="/wiki/Sancho_Panza" title="Sancho Panza">Sancho Panza</a>, to be his squire, promising him a petty governorship. Sancho agrees and they sneak away at dawn. Their adventures together begin with Quixote's attack on some windmills which he believes to be ferocious giants. They next encounter two Benedictine <a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">friars</a> and, nearby, an unrelated lady in a carriage. Quixote takes the friars to be enchanters who are holding the lady captive, knocks one of them from his horse, and is challenged by an armed <a href="/wiki/Basque_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque people">Basque</a> travelling with the company. The combat ends with the lady leaving her carriage and commanding those travelling with her to "surrender" to Quixote. After a friendly encounter with some goatherds and a less friendly one with some <a href="/wiki/Yanguas" title="Yanguas">Yanguesan</a> porters driving <a href="/wiki/Galician_horse" title="Galician horse">Galician ponies</a>, Quixote and Sancho return to the "castle" (inn), where a mix-up involving a servant girl's romantic rendezvous with another guest results in a brawl. Quixote explains to Sancho that the castle is enchanted. They decide to leave, but Quixote, following the example of the fictional knights, leaves without paying. Sancho ends up wrapped in a blanket and tossed in the air by several mischievous guests at the inn before he manages to follow. After further adventures involving a dead body, a barber's basin that Quixote imagines as the legendary helmet of <a href="/wiki/Mambrino" title="Mambrino">Mambrino</a>, and a group of <a href="/wiki/Galley_slave" title="Galley slave">galley slaves</a>, they wander into the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Morena" title="Sierra Morena">Sierra Morena</a>. There they encounter the dejected and mostly mad Cardenio, who relates his <a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Cardenio#Synopsis_of_"Cardenio",_the_episode_in_the_novel_Don_Quixote" title="The History of Cardenio">story</a>. Quixote decides to imitate Cardenio and live like a hermit. He sends Sancho to deliver a letter to Dulcinea, but instead Sancho finds the barber and priest from his village. They make a plan to trick Quixote into coming home, recruiting Dorotea, a woman they discover in the forest, to pose as the Princess Micomicona, a damsel in distress. The plan works and Quixote and the group return to the inn, though Quixote is now convinced, thanks to a lie told by Sancho when asked about the letter, that Dulcinea wants to see him. At the inn, several other plots intersect and are resolved. Meanwhile, a sleepwalking Quixote does battle with some <a href="/wiki/Wineskin" title="Wineskin">wineskins</a> which he takes to be the giant who stole the princess Micomicona's kingdom. An officer of the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Hermandad" title="Santa Hermandad">Santa Hermandad</a> arrives with a warrant for Quixote's arrest for freeing the galley slaves, but the priest begs for the officer to have mercy on account of Quixote's insanity. The officer agrees and Quixote is locked in a cage which he is made to think is an enchantment. He has a learned conversation with a Toledo <a href="/wiki/Canon_(clergy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon (clergy)">canon</a> he encounters by chance on the road, in which the canon expresses his scorn for untruthful chivalric books, but Don Quixote defends them. The group stops to eat and lets Quixote out of the cage; he gets into a fight with a goatherd and with a group of pilgrims, who beat him into submission, before he is finally brought home. The narrator ends the story by saying that he has found manuscripts of Quixote's further adventures. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_2">Part 2</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Part 2">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Quijote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Don_Quijote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg/220px-Don_Quijote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Don_Quijote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg/330px-Don_Quijote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Don_Quijote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg/440px-Don_Quijote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="905" /></a><figcaption>Don Quixote de la Mancha and Sancho Panza, 1863, by Gustave Doré</figcaption></figure> Although the two parts are now published as a single work, Don Quixote, Part Two was a sequel published ten years after the original novel. In an early example of <a href="/wiki/Metafiction" title="Metafiction">metafiction</a>, Part Two indicates that several of its characters have read the first part of the novel and are thus familiar with the history and peculiarities of the two protagonists. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_third_sally">The third sally</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The third sally">edit</a>]</div> Don Quixote and Sancho are on their way to El Toboso to meet Dulcinea, with Sancho aware that his story about Dulcinea was a complete fabrication. They reach the city at daybreak and decide to enter at nightfall. However, a bad omen frightens Quixote into retreat and they quickly leave. Sancho is instead sent out alone by Quixote to meet Dulcinea and act as a go-between. Sancho's luck brings three peasant girls along the road and he quickly tells Quixote that they are Dulcinea and her ladies-in-waiting and as beautiful as ever. Since Quixote only sees the peasant girls, Sancho goes on to pretend that an enchantment of some sort is at work. A duke and duchess encounter the duo. These nobles have read Part One of the story and are themselves very fond of books of chivalry. They decide to play along for their own amusement, beginning a string of imagined adventures and practical jokes. As part of one prank, Quixote and Sancho are led to believe that the only way to release Dulcinea from her spell is for Sancho to give himself three thousand three hundred lashes. Sancho naturally resists this course of action, leading to friction with his master. Under the duke's patronage, Sancho eventually gets his promised governorship, though it is false, and he proves to be a wise and practical ruler before all ends in humiliation. Near the end, Don Quixote reluctantly sways towards sanity. Quixote battles the Knight of the White Moon (a young man from Quixote's hometown who had earlier posed as the Knight of Mirrors) on the beach in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>. Defeated, Quixote submits to prearranged chivalric terms: the vanquished must obey the will of the conqueror. He is ordered to lay down his arms and cease his acts of chivalry for a period of one year, by which time his friends and relatives hope he will be cured. On the way back home, Quixote and Sancho "resolve" the disenchantment of Dulcinea. Upon returning to his village, Quixote announces his plan to retire to the countryside as a shepherd, but his housekeeper urges him to stay at home. Soon after, he retires to his bed with a deathly illness, and later awakes from a dream, having fully become Alonso Quixano once more. Sancho tries to restore his faith and his interest in Dulcinea, but Quixano only renounces his previous ambition and apologizes for the harm he has caused. He dictates his will, which includes a provision that his niece will be disinherited if she marries a man who reads books of chivalry. After Quixano dies, the author emphasizes that there are no more adventures to relate and that any further books about Don Quixote would be spurious. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_stories">Other stories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other stories">edit</a>]</div> Don Quixote, Part One contains a number of stories which do not directly involve the two main characters, but which are narrated by some of the <a href="/wiki/Picaresque" class="mw-redirect" title="Picaresque">picaresque</a> figures encountered by the Don and Sancho during their travels. The longest and best known of these is "El Curioso Impertinente" (The Ill-Advised Curiosity), found in Part One, Book Four. This story, read to a group of travelers at an inn, tells of a <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florentine</a> nobleman, Anselmo, who becomes obsessed with testing his wife's fidelity and talks his close friend <a href="/wiki/Lothario" title="Lothario">Lothario</a> into attempting to seduce her, with disastrous results for all. In Part Two, the author acknowledges the criticism of his digressions in Part One and promises to concentrate the narrative on the central characters (although at one point he laments that his narrative muse has been constrained in this manner). Nevertheless, "Part Two" contains several back narratives related by peripheral characters. Several abridged editions have been published which delete some or all of the extra tales in order to concentrate on the central narrative.<a href="#cite_note-18">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Ill-Advised_Curiosity_summary">The Ill-Advised Curiosity summary</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Ill-Advised Curiosity summary">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1879,_El_ingenioso_hidalgo_D._Quijote_de_la_Mancha,_Arremeti%C3%B3_%C3%A1_Lotario_con_la_daga_desenvainada,_Mestres.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A man raises a hand to stop a woman with a long dagger." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/1879%2C_El_ingenioso_hidalgo_D._Quijote_de_la_Mancha%2C_Arremeti%C3%B3_%C3%A1_Lotario_con_la_daga_desenvainada%2C_Mestres.jpg/220px-1879%2C_El_ingenioso_hidalgo_D._Quijote_de_la_Mancha%2C_Arremeti%C3%B3_%C3%A1_Lotario_con_la_daga_desenvainada%2C_Mestres.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/1879%2C_El_ingenioso_hidalgo_D._Quijote_de_la_Mancha%2C_Arremeti%C3%B3_%C3%A1_Lotario_con_la_daga_desenvainada%2C_Mestres.jpg/330px-1879%2C_El_ingenioso_hidalgo_D._Quijote_de_la_Mancha%2C_Arremeti%C3%B3_%C3%A1_Lotario_con_la_daga_desenvainada%2C_Mestres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/1879%2C_El_ingenioso_hidalgo_D._Quijote_de_la_Mancha%2C_Arremeti%C3%B3_%C3%A1_Lotario_con_la_daga_desenvainada%2C_Mestres.jpg/440px-1879%2C_El_ingenioso_hidalgo_D._Quijote_de_la_Mancha%2C_Arremeti%C3%B3_%C3%A1_Lotario_con_la_daga_desenvainada%2C_Mestres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>"Camilla threatens Lothario with a dagger", illustration by Apeles Mestres, engraving by Francisco Fusté</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Story_within_a_story" title="Story within a story">story within a story</a> relates that, for no particular reason, Anselmo decides to test the fidelity of his wife, Camilla, and asks his friend, Lothario, to seduce her. Thinking that to be madness, Lothario reluctantly agrees, and soon reports to Anselmo that Camilla is a faithful wife. Anselmo learns that Lothario has lied and attempted no seduction. He makes Lothario promise to try in earnest and leaves town to make this easier. Lothario tries and Camilla writes letters to her husband telling him of the attempts by Lothario and asking him to return. Anselmo makes no reply and does not return. Lothario then falls in love with Camilla, who eventually reciprocates; an affair between them ensues, but is not disclosed to Anselmo, and their affair continues after Anselmo returns. One day, Lothario sees a man leaving Camilla's house and jealously presumes she has taken another lover. He tells Anselmo that, at last, he has been successful and arranges a time and place for Anselmo to see the seduction. Before this rendezvous, however, Lothario learns that the man was the lover of Camilla's maid. He and Camilla then contrive to deceive Anselmo further: When Anselmo watches them, she refuses Lothario, protests her love for her husband, and stabs herself lightly in the breast. Anselmo is reassured of her fidelity. The affair restarts with Anselmo none the wiser. Later, the maid's lover is discovered by Anselmo. Fearing that Anselmo will kill her, the maid says she will tell Anselmo a secret the next day. Anselmo tells Camilla that this is to happen, and Camilla expects that her affair is to be revealed. Lothario and Camilla flee that night. The maid flees the next day. Anselmo searches for them in vain before learning from a stranger of his wife's affair. He starts to write the story, but dies of grief before he can finish. Lothario is killed in battle soon afterward and Camilla dies of grief. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style_and_interpretations">Style and interpretations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Style and interpretations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_of_language">Use of language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Use of language">edit</a>]</div> The novel's farcical elements make use of punning and similar verbal playfulness. Character-naming in Don Quixote makes ample figural use of contradiction, inversion, and irony, such as the names <a href="/wiki/Rocinante" title="Rocinante">Rocinante</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[14]</a> (a reversal) and <a href="/wiki/Dulcinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Dulcinea">Dulcinea</a> (an allusion to illusion), and the word quixote itself, possibly a pun on quijada (jaw) but certainly<a href="#cite_note-20">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[16]</a> cuixot (Catalan: thighs), a reference to a horse's <a href="/wiki/Rump_(animal)" title="Rump (animal)">rump</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[17]</a> As a military term, the word quijote refers to <a href="/wiki/Cuisses" title="Cuisses">cuisses</a>, part of a full suit of <a href="/wiki/Plate_armour" title="Plate armour">plate armour</a> protecting the thighs. The Spanish suffix -ote denotes the augmentative—for example, grande means large, but grandote means extra large, with grotesque connotations. Following this example, Quixote would suggest 'The Great Quijano', an oxymoronic play on words that makes much sense in light of the character's delusions of grandeur.<a href="#cite_note-23">[18]</a> Cervantes wrote his work in <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Spanish" title="Early Modern Spanish">Early Modern Spanish</a>, heavily borrowing from <a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish" title="Old Spanish">Old Spanish</a>, the medieval form of the language. The language of Don Quixote, although still containing <a href="/wiki/Archaisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaisms">archaisms</a>, is far more understandable to modern Spanish readers than is, for instance, the completely medieval Spanish of the <a href="/wiki/Poema_de_mio_Cid" class="mw-redirect" title="Poema de mio Cid">Poema de mio Cid</a>, a kind of Spanish that is as different from Cervantes' language as <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> is from <a href="/wiki/Modern_English" title="Modern English">Modern English</a>. The Old Castilian language was also used to show the higher class that came with being a knight errant. In Don Quixote, there are basically two different types of Castilian: Old Castilian is spoken only by Don Quixote, while the rest of the roles speak a contemporary (late 16th century) version of Spanish. The Old Castilian of Don Quixote is a humoristic resource—he copies the language spoken in the chivalric books that made him mad; and many times when he talks nobody is able to understand him because his language is too old. This humorous effect is more difficult to see nowadays because the reader must be able to distinguish the two old versions of the language, but when the book was published it was much celebrated. (English translations can get some sense of the effect by having Don Quixote use <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Bible</a> or Shakespearean English, or even <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a>.)<a href="#cite_note-24">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[20]</a> In Old Castilian, the letter x represented the sound written sh in modern English, so the name was originally pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[kiˈʃote]</a>. However, as Old Castilian evolved towards modern Spanish, a <a href="/wiki/Sound_change" title="Sound change">sound change</a> caused it to be pronounced with a <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">voiceless velar fricative</a> [<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>] sound (like the <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a> or <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> ch), and today the Spanish pronunciation of "Quixote" is <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[kiˈxote]</a>. The original pronunciation is reflected in languages such as <a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonese_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonese dialect">Leonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, where it is pronounced with a "sh" or "ch" sound; the French opera <a href="/wiki/Don_Quichotte" title="Don Quichotte">Don Quichotte</a> is one of the best-known modern examples of this pronunciation. Today, English speakers generally attempt something close to the modern Spanish pronunciation of Quixote (Quijote), as <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/kiːˈhoʊti/</a>,<a href="#cite_note-oed-1">[1]</a> although the traditional English <a href="/wiki/Spelling_pronunciation" title="Spelling pronunciation">spelling-based pronunciation</a> with the value of the letter x in modern English is still sometimes used, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkwɪksət/</a> or <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkwɪksoʊt/</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a>, the preferred pronunciation amongst members of the educated classes was <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkwɪksət/</a> until well into the 1970s, as part of a tendency for the upper class to "anglicise its borrowing ruthlessly".<a href="#cite_note-26">[21]</a> The traditional English rendering is preserved in the pronunciation of the adjectival form <a href="/wiki/Quixotism" title="Quixotism">quixotic</a>, i.e., <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/kwɪkˈsɒtɪk/</a>,<a href="#cite_note-27">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[23]</a> defined by <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a> as the foolishly impractical pursuit of ideals, typically marked by rash and lofty romanticism.<a href="#cite_note-29">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meaning">Meaning</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Meaning">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a> says Don Quixote is the first modern novel, and that the protagonist is at war with <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Freud</a>'s reality principle, which accepts the necessity of dying. Bloom says that the novel has an endless range of meanings, but that a recurring theme is the human need to withstand suffering.<a href="#cite_note-30">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edith_Grossman" title="Edith Grossman">Edith Grossman</a>, who wrote and published a highly acclaimed<a href="#cite_note-31">[26]</a> English translation of the novel in 2003, says that the book is mostly meant to move people into emotion using a systematic change of course, on the verge of both tragedy and comedy at the same time. Grossman has stated:<blockquote>The question is that Quixote has multiple interpretations [...] and how do I deal with that in my translation. I'm going to answer your question by avoiding it [...] so when I first started reading the Quixote I thought it was the most tragic book in the world, and I would read it and weep [...] As I grew older [...] my skin grew thicker [...] and so when I was working on the translation I was actually sitting at my computer and laughing out loud. This is done [...] as Cervantes did it [...] by never letting the reader rest. You are never certain that you truly got it. Because as soon as you think you understand something, Cervantes introduces something that contradicts your premise.<a href="#cite_note-32">[27]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Themes">Themes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Themes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Quichotte_Honor%C3%A9_Daumier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Don_Quichotte_Honor%C3%A9_Daumier.jpg/220px-Don_Quichotte_Honor%C3%A9_Daumier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Don_Quichotte_Honor%C3%A9_Daumier.jpg/330px-Don_Quichotte_Honor%C3%A9_Daumier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Don_Quichotte_Honor%C3%A9_Daumier.jpg/440px-Don_Quichotte_Honor%C3%A9_Daumier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2244" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption>Don Quixote by <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Daumier" title="Honoré Daumier">Honoré Daumier</a> (1868)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Don_Quixote" title="Special:EditPage/Don Quixote">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The novel's structure is <a href="/wiki/Episode" title="Episode">episodic</a> in form. The full title is indicative of the tale's object, as ingenioso (Spanish) means "quick with inventiveness",<a href="#cite_note-33">[28]</a> marking the transition of modern literature from <a href="/wiki/Classical_unities" title="Classical unities">dramatic</a> to thematic unity. The novel takes place over a long period of time, including many adventures united by common themes of the nature of reality, reading, and dialogue in general. Although <a href="/wiki/Burlesque" title="Burlesque">burlesque</a> on the surface, the novel, especially in its second half, has served as an important thematic source not only in literature but also in much of art and music, inspiring works by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>. The contrasts between the tall, thin, fancy-struck and idealistic Quixote and the fat, squat, world-weary Panza is a motif echoed ever since the book's publication, and Don Quixote's imaginings are the butt of outrageous and cruel practical jokes in the novel. Even faithful and simple Sancho is forced to deceive him at certain points. The novel is considered a satire of <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">orthodoxy</a>, veracity and even nationalism.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In exploring the individualism of his characters, Cervantes helped lead literary practice beyond the narrow convention of the <a href="/wiki/Chivalric_romance" title="Chivalric romance">chivalric romance</a>. He <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">spoofs</a> the chivalric romance<a href="#cite_note-34">[29]</a> through a straightforward retelling of a series of acts that redound to the <a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">knightly virtues</a> of the hero. The character of Don Quixote became so well known in its time that the word <a href="/wiki/Quixotism" title="Quixotism">quixotic</a> was quickly adopted by many languages. Characters such as Sancho Panza and Don Quixote's steed, <a href="/wiki/Rocinante" title="Rocinante">Rocinante</a>, are emblems of Western literary culture. The phrase "<a href="/wiki/Tilting_at_windmills" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilting at windmills">tilting at windmills</a>" to describe an act of attacking imaginary enemies (or an act of extreme idealism), derives from an iconic scene in the book. It stands in a unique position between medieval <a href="/wiki/Romance_(heroic_literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance (heroic literature)">romance</a> and the modern novel. The former consists of disconnected stories featuring the same characters and settings with little exploration of the inner life of even the main character. The latter are usually focused on the psychological evolution of their characters. In Part I, Quixote imposes himself on his environment. By Part II, people know about him through "having read his adventures", and so, he needs to do less to maintain his image. By his deathbed, he has regained his sanity, and is once more "Alonso Quixano the Good". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> Sources for Don Quixote include the Castilian novel <a href="/wiki/Amadis_de_Gaula" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadis de Gaula">Amadis de Gaula</a>, which had enjoyed great popularity throughout the 16th century. Another prominent source, which Cervantes evidently admires more, is <a href="/wiki/Tirant_lo_Blanch" title="Tirant lo Blanch">Tirant lo Blanch</a>, which the priest describes in Chapter VI of Quixote as "the best book in the world." (However, the sense in which it was "best" is much debated among scholars. Since the 19th century, the passage has been called "the most difficult passage of Don Quixote".) The scene of the book burning provides a list of Cervantes's likes and dislikes about literature. Cervantes makes a number of references to the Italian poem <a href="/wiki/Orlando_furioso" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando furioso">Orlando furioso</a>. In chapter 10 of the first part of the novel, Don Quixote says he must take the magical helmet of <a href="/wiki/Mambrino" title="Mambrino">Mambrino</a>, an episode from Canto I of Orlando, and itself a reference to <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Maria_Boiardo" title="Matteo Maria Boiardo">Matteo Maria Boiardo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Orlando_innamorato" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando innamorato">Orlando innamorato</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[30]</a> The interpolated story in chapter 33 of Part four of the First Part is a retelling of a tale from Canto 43 of Orlando, regarding a man who tests the fidelity of his wife.<a href="#cite_note-36">[31]</a> Another important source appears to have been Apuleius's <a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Ass" title="The Golden Ass">The Golden Ass</a>, one of the earliest known novels, a picaresque from late classical antiquity. The wineskins episode near the end of the interpolated tale "The Curious Impertinent" in chapter 35 of the first part of Don Quixote is a clear reference to Apuleius, and recent scholarship suggests that the moral philosophy and the basic trajectory of Apuleius's novel are fundamental to Cervantes' program.<a href="#cite_note-37">[32]</a> Similarly, many of both Sancho's adventures in Part II and proverbs throughout are taken from popular Spanish and Italian folklore. Cervantes' experiences as a <a href="/wiki/Galley_slave" title="Galley slave">galley slave</a> in Algiers also influenced Quixote.<a href="#cite_note-38">[33]</a> Medical theories may have also influenced Cervantes' literary process. Cervantes had familial ties to the distinguished medical community. His father, Rodrigo de Cervantes, and his great-grandfather, Juan Díaz de Torreblanca, were surgeons. Additionally, his sister, Andrea de Cervantes, was a nurse.<a href="#cite_note-Lopez-Munoz-39">[34]</a> He also befriended many individuals involved in the medical field, in that he knew medical author Francisco Díaz, an expert in urology, and royal doctor <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Ponce_de_Santa_Cruz" title="Antonio Ponce de Santa Cruz">Antonio Ponce de Santa Cruz</a> who served as a personal doctor to both Philip III and Philip IV of Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Palma-40">[35]</a> Apart from the personal relations Cervantes maintained within the medical field, Cervantes' personal life was defined by an interest in medicine. He frequently visited patients from the Hospital de Inocentes in Sevilla.<a href="#cite_note-Lopez-Munoz-39">[34]</a> Furthermore, Cervantes explored medicine in his personal library. His library contained more than 200 volumes and included books like Examen de Ingenios, by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Huarte" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Huarte">Juan Huarte</a> and Practica y teórica de cirugía, by Dionisio Daza Chacón that defined medical literature and medical theories of his time.<a href="#cite_note-Palma-40">[35]</a> Researchers Isabel Sanchez Duque and Francisco Javier Escudero have found that Cervantes was a friend of the family Villaseñor, which was involved in a combat with Francisco de Acuña. Both sides combated disguised as medieval knights in the road from <a href="/wiki/El_Toboso" title="El Toboso">El Toboso</a> to <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Esteban" title="Miguel Esteban">Miguel Esteban</a> in 1581. They also found a person called Rodrigo Quijada, who bought the title of nobility of "hidalgo", and created diverse conflicts with the help of a squire.<a href="#cite_note-41">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spurious_Second_Part_by_Avellaneda">Spurious Second Part by Avellaneda</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Spurious Second Part by Avellaneda">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Quixote_Illustration_I.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Don_Quixote_Illustration_I.jpg/220px-Don_Quixote_Illustration_I.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Don_Quixote_Illustration_I.jpg/330px-Don_Quixote_Illustration_I.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Don_Quixote_Illustration_I.jpg/440px-Don_Quixote_Illustration_I.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="856" /></a><figcaption>Illustration to The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, Volume II</figcaption></figure> It is not certain when Cervantes began writing Part Two of Don Quixote, but he had probably not proceeded much further than Chapter LIX by late July 1614. In about September, however, a spurious Part Two, entitled Second Volume of the Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha: by the Licenciado (doctorate) <a href="/wiki/Alonso_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Avellaneda" title="Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda">Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Tordesillas" title="Tordesillas">Tordesillas</a>, was published in <a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a> by an unidentified <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragonese</a> who was an admirer of <a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a>, rival of Cervantes.<a href="#cite_note-Ei-43">[38]</a> It was translated into <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> by William Augustus Yardley, Esquire in two volumes in 1784. Some modern scholars suggest that Don Quixote's fictional encounter with Avellaneda's book in Chapter 59 of Part II should not be taken as the date that Cervantes encountered it, which may have been much earlier. Avellaneda's identity has been the subject of many theories, but there is no consensus as to who he was. In its prologue, the author gratuitously insulted Cervantes, who took offense and responded; the last half of Chapter LIX and most of the following chapters of Cervantes's Segunda Parte lend some insight into the effects upon him; Cervantes manages to work in some subtle digs at Avellaneda's own work, and in his preface to Part II, comes very near to criticizing Avellaneda directly. In his introduction to The Portable Cervantes, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Putnam" title="Samuel Putnam">Samuel Putnam</a>, a noted translator of Cervantes' novel, calls Avellaneda's version "one of the most disgraceful performances in history".<a href="#cite_note-44">[39]</a> The second part of Cervantes' Don Quixote, finished as a direct result of the Avellaneda book, has come to be regarded by some literary critics<a href="#cite_note-45">[40]</a> as superior to the first part, because of its greater depth of characterization, its discussions, mostly between Quixote and Sancho, on diverse subjects, and its philosophical insights. In Cervantes's Segunda Parte, Don Quixote visits a printing-house in Barcelona and finds Avellaneda's Second Part being printed there, in an early example of <a href="/wiki/Metafiction" title="Metafiction">metafiction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-46">[41]</a> Don Quixote and Sancho Panza also meet one of the characters from Avellaneda's book, Don Alvaro Tarfe, and make him swear that the "other" Quixote and Sancho are impostors.<a href="#cite_note-47">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Setting">Setting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Setting">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Location">Location</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Location">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_statues_of_Don_Quixote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bronze_statues_of_Don_Quixote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg/170px-Bronze_statues_of_Don_Quixote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bronze_statues_of_Don_Quixote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg/255px-Bronze_statues_of_Don_Quixote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bronze_statues_of_Don_Quixote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg/340px-Bronze_statues_of_Don_Quixote_and_Sancho_Panza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1237" data-file-height="1858" /></a><figcaption>Bronze statues of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, at the <a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Espa%C3%B1a_(Madrid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaza de España (Madrid)">Plaza de España</a> in Madrid</figcaption></figure> Cervantes' story takes place on the plains of <a href="/wiki/La_Mancha" title="La Mancha">La Mancha</a>, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Comarca" title="Comarca">comarca</a> of <a href="/wiki/Campo_de_Montiel_(Ciudad_Real)" title="Campo de Montiel (Ciudad Real)">Campo de Montiel</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">En un lugar de La Mancha, de cuyo nombre no quiero acordarme, no ha mucho tiempo que vivía un hidalgo de los de lanza en astillero, adarga antigua, rocín flaco y galgo corredor. (Somewhere in La Mancha, in a place whose name I do not care to remember, a gentleman lived not long ago, one of those who has a lance and ancient shield on a shelf and keeps a skinny nag and a greyhound for racing.)<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote, Volume I, Chapter I (translated by <a href="/wiki/Edith_Grossman" title="Edith Grossman">Edith Grossman</a>)</cite></div></blockquote> The location of the village to which Cervantes alludes in the opening sentence of Don Quixote has been the subject of debate since its publication over four centuries ago. Indeed, Cervantes deliberately omits the name of the village, giving an explanation in the final chapter: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Such was the end of the Ingenious Gentleman of La Mancha, whose village Cide Hamete would not indicate precisely, in order to leave all the towns and villages of La Mancha to contend among themselves for the right to adopt him and claim him as a son, as the seven cities of Greece contended for Homer.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote, Volume II, Chapter 74</cite></div></blockquote> In 2004, a multidisciplinary team of academics from <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Complutense University">Complutense University</a>, led by Francisco Parra Luna, Manuel Fernández Nieto, and Santiago Petschen Verdaguer, deduced that the village was that of <a href="/wiki/Villanueva_de_los_Infantes,_Ciudad_Real" title="Villanueva de los Infantes, Ciudad Real">Villanueva de los Infantes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a> Their findings were published in a paper titled "'El Quijote' como un sistema de distancias/tiempos: hacia la localización del lugar de la Mancha", which was later published as a book: El enigma resuelto del Quijote. The result was replicated in two subsequent investigations: "La determinación del lugar de la Mancha como problema estadístico" and "The Kinematics of the Quixote and the Identity of the 'Place in La Mancha'".<a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[45]</a> Translators of Don Quixote, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Ormsby_(translator)" title="John Ormsby (translator)">John Ormsby</a>,<a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a> have commented that the region of <a href="/wiki/La_Mancha" title="La Mancha">La Mancha</a> is one of the most desertlike, unremarkable regions of Spain, the least romantic and fanciful place that one would imagine as the home of a courageous knight. On the other hand, as Borges points out: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">I suspect that in Don Quixote, it does not rain a single time. The landscapes described by Cervantes have nothing in common with the landscapes of Castile: they are conventional landscapes, full of meadows, streams, and copses that belong in an Italian novel.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[47]</a></cite></div></blockquote> The story also takes place in <a href="/wiki/El_Toboso" title="El Toboso">El Toboso</a> where Don Quixote goes to seek <a href="/wiki/Dulcinea_del_Toboso" title="Dulcinea del Toboso">Dulcinea</a>'s blessings. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Historical context">edit</a>]</div> Don Quixote is said to reflect the Spanish society in which Cervantes lived and wrote.<a href="#cite_note-:1-53">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hapsburg_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Hapsburg Spain">Spain's status as a world power</a> was declining, and the Spanish national treasury was bankrupt due to expensive foreign wars.<a href="#cite_note-:1-53">[48]</a> Spanish cultural dominance was also waning as the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> had put the Spanish Roman Catholic Church on the defensive, which had led to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-53">[48]</a> Meanwhile, the hidalgo class was losing relevance because of changes in Spanish society which made the high ideals of <a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">chivalry</a> obsolete.<a href="#cite_note-:1-53">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billete_de_1_peseta_del_Banco_de_Espa%C3%B1a,_1951_(Anverso).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Billete_de_1_peseta_del_Banco_de_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_1951_%28Anverso%29.jpg/220px-Billete_de_1_peseta_del_Banco_de_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_1951_%28Anverso%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Billete_de_1_peseta_del_Banco_de_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_1951_%28Anverso%29.jpg/330px-Billete_de_1_peseta_del_Banco_de_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_1951_%28Anverso%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Billete_de_1_peseta_del_Banco_de_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_1951_%28Anverso%29.jpg/440px-Billete_de_1_peseta_del_Banco_de_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_1951_%28Anverso%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>Don Quixote on a 1 <a href="/wiki/Spanish_peseta" title="Spanish peseta">Peseta</a> banknote from 1951</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_quixote_tile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Don_quixote_tile.jpg/220px-Don_quixote_tile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Don_quixote_tile.jpg/330px-Don_quixote_tile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Don_quixote_tile.jpg/440px-Don_quixote_tile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Tiles depicting scenes from Don Quixote on a bench in <a href="/wiki/Chapultepec" title="Chapultepec">Chapultepec</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madrid_street_art_don_quijote.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Madrid_street_art_don_quijote.jpg/220px-Madrid_street_art_don_quijote.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Madrid_street_art_don_quijote.jpg/330px-Madrid_street_art_don_quijote.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Madrid_street_art_don_quijote.jpg/440px-Madrid_street_art_don_quijote.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Madrid street art near Plaza España involving Don Quixote</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_influenced_by_Don_Quixote" title="List of works influenced by Don Quixote">List of works influenced by Don Quixote</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_modern_Spanish">Influence on modern Spanish</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Influence on modern Spanish">edit</a>]</div> Don Quixote continues to be the <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_replication" title="Origin of replication">origin of replication</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] for authors. In 2002 the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute" title="Norwegian Nobel Institute">Norwegian Nobel Institute</a> conducted a study among writers from 55 countries, the <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">majority</a> voted Don Quixote "the greatest work of fiction ever written".<a href="#cite_note-54">[49]</a> The opening sentence of the book created a classic Spanish cliché with the phrase de cuyo nombre no quiero acordarme ("whose name I do not wish to recall"):<a href="#cite_note-55">[50]</a> En un lugar de la Mancha, de cuyo nombre no quiero acordarme, no ha mucho tiempo que vivía un hidalgo de los de lanza en astillero, adarga antigua, rocín flaco y galgo corredor.<a href="#cite_note-56">[51]</a> ("In a village of La Mancha, whose name I do not wish to recall, there lived, not very long ago, one of those gentlemen with a lance in the lance-rack, an ancient shield, a skinny old horse, and a fast greyhound.")<a href="#cite_note-57">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_on_the_English_language">Influence on the English language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Influence on the English language">edit</a>]</div> Don Quixote alongside its many translations, has also provided a number of idioms and expressions to the English language. Examples with their own articles include the phrase "<a href="/wiki/The_pot_calling_the_kettle_black" title="The pot calling the kettle black">the pot calling the kettle black</a>" and the adjective "<a href="/wiki/Quixotism" title="Quixotism">quixotic</a>."<a href="#cite_note-58">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tilting_at_windmills">Tilting at windmills</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tilting at windmills">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Tilting at Windmills" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tilting_at_windmills_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tilting at windmills (disambiguation)">Tilting at windmills (disambiguation)</a>.</div> Tilting at windmills is an English <a href="/wiki/Idiom" title="Idiom">idiom</a> that means "attacking imaginary enemies". The expression is derived from Don Quixote, and the word "tilt" in this context refers to <a href="/wiki/Jousting" title="Jousting">jousting</a>. This phrase is sometimes also expressed as "charging at windmills" or "fighting the windmills".<a href="#cite_note-fight_windmills-60">[55]</a> The phrase is sometimes used to describe either confrontations where adversaries are incorrectly perceived, or courses of action that are based on misinterpreted or misapplied heroic, romantic, or idealistic justifications.<a href="#cite_note-61">[56]</a> It may also connote an inopportune, unfounded, and vain effort against adversaries real or imagined.<a href="#cite_note-Ammer-62">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publication">Publication</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Publication">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Illustration_to_Don_Quixote_de_la_Mancha_by_Miguel_de_Cervantes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Illustration_to_Don_Quixote_de_la_Mancha_by_Miguel_de_Cervantes.jpg/220px-Illustration_to_Don_Quixote_de_la_Mancha_by_Miguel_de_Cervantes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Illustration_to_Don_Quixote_de_la_Mancha_by_Miguel_de_Cervantes.jpg/330px-Illustration_to_Don_Quixote_de_la_Mancha_by_Miguel_de_Cervantes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Illustration_to_Don_Quixote_de_la_Mancha_by_Miguel_de_Cervantes.jpg/440px-Illustration_to_Don_Quixote_de_la_Mancha_by_Miguel_de_Cervantes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1838" data-file-height="1538" /></a><figcaption>Illustration to Don Quixote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes (the edition translated by Charles Jarvis)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Quixote_attacking_a_puppet_theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Don_Quixote_attacking_a_puppet_theatre.jpg/170px-Don_Quixote_attacking_a_puppet_theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Don_Quixote_attacking_a_puppet_theatre.jpg/255px-Don_Quixote_attacking_a_puppet_theatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Don_Quixote_attacking_a_puppet_theatre.jpg/340px-Don_Quixote_attacking_a_puppet_theatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="1718" /></a><figcaption>Don Quixote. Close-up of illustration</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Quixote_-_Engravings_by_Gustave_Dor%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Don_Quixote_-_Engravings_by_Gustave_Dor%C3%A9.jpg/220px-Don_Quixote_-_Engravings_by_Gustave_Dor%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Don_Quixote_-_Engravings_by_Gustave_Dor%C3%A9.jpg/330px-Don_Quixote_-_Engravings_by_Gustave_Dor%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Don_Quixote_-_Engravings_by_Gustave_Dor%C3%A9.jpg/440px-Don_Quixote_-_Engravings_by_Gustave_Dor%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9000" data-file-height="5062" /></a><figcaption>Collage of the engravings of The Adventures of Don Quixote by Gustave Doré</figcaption></figure> In July 1604, Cervantes sold the rights of El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha (known as Don Quixote, Part I) to the publisher-bookseller <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Robles" title="Francisco de Robles">Francisco de Robles</a> for an unknown sum.<a href="#cite_note-63">[58]</a> License to publish was granted in September, the printing was finished in December, and the book came out on 16 January 1605.<a href="#cite_note-64">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-BrO-65">[60]</a> The novel was an immediate success. Most of the 400 copies of the first <a href="/wiki/Edition_(book)" title="Edition (book)">edition</a> were sent to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>, with the publisher hoping to get a better price in the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-Histoire-66">[61]</a> Although most of them disappeared in a shipwreck near <a href="/wiki/La_Havana" class="mw-redirect" title="La Havana">La Havana</a>, approximately 70 copies reached <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a>, from where they were sent to <a href="/wiki/Cuzco" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuzco">Cuzco</a>, in the heart of the defunct <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Histoire-66">[61]</a> No sooner was it in the hands of the public than preparations were made to issue derivative (pirated) editions. In 1614 a fake second part was published by a mysterious author under the pen name Avellaneda. This author was never satisfactorily identified. This rushed Cervantes into writing and publishing a genuine second part in 1615, which was a year before his own death.<a href="#cite_note-:0-46">[41]</a> Don Quixote had been growing in favour, and its author's name was now known beyond the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>. By August 1605, there were two Madrid editions, two published in Lisbon, and one in <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>. Publisher Francisco de Robles secured additional copyrights for <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a> and Portugal for a second edition.<a href="#cite_note-Orm-67">[62]</a> Sale of these publishing rights deprived Cervantes of further financial profit on Part One. In 1607, an edition was printed in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>. <a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Robles" title="Francisco de Robles">Robles</a>, the Madrid publisher, found it necessary to meet demand with a third edition, a seventh publication in all, in 1608. Popularity of the book in Italy was such that a Milan bookseller issued an Italian edition in 1610. Yet another Brussels edition was called for in 1611.<a href="#cite_note-BrO-65">[60]</a> Since then, numerous editions have been released and in total, the novel is believed to have sold more than 500 million copies worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-68">[63]</a> The work has been produced in numerous editions and languages, the Cervantes Collection, at the <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_New_South_Wales" title="State Library of New South Wales">State Library of New South Wales</a> includes over 1,100 editions. These were collected, by <a href="/wiki/Ben_Haneman" title="Ben Haneman">Ben Haneman</a>, over a period of thirty years.<a href="#cite_note-69">[64]</a> In 1613, Cervantes published the <a href="/wiki/Novelas_ejemplares" title="Novelas ejemplares">Novelas ejemplares</a>, dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Maecenas" class="mw-redirect" title="Maecenas">Maecenas</a> of the day, the <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Castro_y_Andrade" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Fernández de Castro y Andrade">Conde de Lemos</a>. Eight and a half years after Part One had appeared came the first hint of a forthcoming Segunda Parte (Part Two). "You shall see shortly", Cervantes says, "the further exploits of Don Quixote and humours of Sancho Panza."<a href="#cite_note-70">[65]</a> Don Quixote, Part Two, published by the same press as its predecessor, appeared late in 1615, and quickly reprinted in Brussels and Valencia (1616) and Lisbon (1617). Parts One and Two were published as one edition in Barcelona in 1617. Historically, Cervantes' work has been said to have "smiled <a href="/wiki/Spanish_chivalry" title="Spanish chivalry">Spain's chivalry</a> away", suggesting that Don Quixote as a chivalric satire contributed to the demise of Spanish Chivalry.<a href="#cite_note-71">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_editions_in_translation">English editions in translation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: English editions in translation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Quichote_And_Sancho_Panza_by_Louis_Aquetin_-_Louis_Anquetin_-_ABDAG005120.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Don_Quichote_And_Sancho_Panza_by_Louis_Aquetin_-_Louis_Anquetin_-_ABDAG005120.jpg/220px-Don_Quichote_And_Sancho_Panza_by_Louis_Aquetin_-_Louis_Anquetin_-_ABDAG005120.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Don_Quichote_And_Sancho_Panza_by_Louis_Aquetin_-_Louis_Anquetin_-_ABDAG005120.jpg/330px-Don_Quichote_And_Sancho_Panza_by_Louis_Aquetin_-_Louis_Anquetin_-_ABDAG005120.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Don_Quichote_And_Sancho_Panza_by_Louis_Aquetin_-_Louis_Anquetin_-_ABDAG005120.jpg/440px-Don_Quichote_And_Sancho_Panza_by_Louis_Aquetin_-_Louis_Anquetin_-_ABDAG005120.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>Don Quichote And Sancho Panza by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Anquetin" title="Louis Anquetin">Louis Anquetin</a></figcaption></figure> There are many translations of the book, and it has been adapted many times in shortened versions. Many derivative editions were also written at the time, as was the custom of envious or unscrupulous writers. Seven years after the Parte Primera appeared, Don Quixote had been translated into French, German, Italian, and English, with the first French translation of 'Part II' appearing in 1618, and the first English translation in 1620. One abridged adaptation, authored by Agustín Sánchez, runs slightly over 150 pages, cutting away about 750 pages.<a href="#cite_note-72">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Shelton_(translator)" title="Thomas Shelton (translator)">Thomas Shelton</a>'s English translation of the First Part appeared in 1612 while Cervantes was still alive, although there is no evidence that Shelton had met the author. Although Shelton's version is cherished by some, according to <a href="/wiki/John_Ormsby_(translator)" title="John Ormsby (translator)">John Ormsby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Putnam" title="Samuel Putnam">Samuel Putnam</a>, it was far from satisfactory as a carrying over of Cervantes' text.<a href="#cite_note-Orm-67">[62]</a> Shelton's translation of the novel's Second Part appeared in 1620. Near the end of the 17th century, <a href="/wiki/John_Phillips_(author)" title="John Phillips (author)">John Phillips</a>, a nephew of poet <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>, published what Putnam considered the worst English translation. The translation, as literary critics claim, was not based on Cervantes' text but mostly on a French work by Filleau de Saint-Martin and on notes which Thomas Shelton had written. Around 1700, a version by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Antoine_Motteux" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Antoine Motteux">Pierre Antoine Motteux</a> appeared. Motteux's translation enjoyed lasting popularity; it was reprinted as the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</a> Series edition of the novel until recent times.<a href="#cite_note-peabody-73">[68]</a> Nonetheless, future translators would find much to fault in Motteux's version: Samuel Putnam criticized "the prevailing slapstick quality of this work, especially where <a href="/wiki/Sancho_Panza" title="Sancho Panza">Sancho Panza</a> is involved, the obtrusion of the obscene where it is found in the original, and the slurring of difficulties through omissions or expanding upon the text". John Ormsby considered Motteux's version "worse than worthless", and denounced its "infusion of Cockney flippancy and facetiousness" into the original.<a href="#cite_note-74">[69]</a> The proverb "The proof of the pudding is in the eating" is widely attributed to Cervantes. The Spanish word for pudding (budín), however, does not appear in the original text but premieres in the Motteux translation.<a href="#cite_note-75">[70]</a> In Smollett's translation of 1755 he notes that the original text reads literally "you will see when the eggs are fried", meaning "time will tell".<a href="#cite_note-76">[71]</a> A translation by Captain <a href="/wiki/John_Stevens_(translator)" title="John Stevens (translator)">John Stevens</a>, which revised Thomas Shelton's version, also appeared in 1700, but its publication was overshadowed by the simultaneous release of Motteux's translation.<a href="#cite_note-peabody-73">[68]</a> In 1742, the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jervas" title="Charles Jervas">Charles Jervas</a> translation appeared, posthumously. Through a printer's error, it came to be known, and is still known, as "the Jarvis translation". It was the most scholarly and accurate English translation of the novel up to that time, but future translator John Ormsby points out in his own introduction to the novel that the Jarvis translation has been criticized as being too stiff. Nevertheless, it became the most frequently reprinted translation of the novel until about 1885. Another 18th-century translation into English was that of <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Smollett" title="Tobias Smollett">Tobias Smollett</a>, himself a novelist, first published in 1755. Like the Jarvis translation, it continues to be reprinted today. A translation by Alexander James Duffield appeared in 1881 and another by Henry Edward Watts in 1888. Most modern translators take as their model the 1885 translation by John Ormsby.<a href="#cite_note-77">[72]</a> An expurgated children's version, under the title The Story of Don Quixote, was published in 1922 (available on <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a>). It leaves out the risqué sections as well as chapters that young readers might consider dull, and embellishes a great deal on Cervantes' original text. The title page actually gives credit to the two editors as if they were the authors, and omits any mention of Cervantes.<a href="#cite_note-78">[73]</a> The most widely read English-language translations of the mid-20th century are by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Putnam" title="Samuel Putnam">Samuel Putnam</a> (1949), <a href="/wiki/J._M._Cohen" title="J. M. Cohen">J. M. Cohen</a> (1950; <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Classics" title="Penguin Classics">Penguin Classics</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Starkie" title="Walter Starkie">Walter Starkie</a> (1957). The last English translation of the novel in the 20th century was by <a href="/wiki/Burton_Raffel" title="Burton Raffel">Burton Raffel</a>, published in 1996. The 21st century has already seen five new translations of the novel into English. The first is by <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rutherford" title="John D. Rutherford">John D. Rutherford</a> and the second by <a href="/wiki/Edith_Grossman" title="Edith Grossman">Edith Grossman</a>. Reviewing the novel in The New York Times, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes" title="Carlos Fuentes">Carlos Fuentes</a> called Grossman's translation a "major literary achievement"<a href="#cite_note-79">[74]</a> and another called it the "most transparent and least impeded among more than a dozen English translations going back to the 17th century."<a href="#cite_note-80">[75]</a> In 2005, the year of the novel's 400th anniversary, Tom Lathrop published a new English translation of the novel, based on a lifetime of specialized study of the novel and its history.<a href="#cite_note-81">[76]</a> The fourth translation of the 21st century was released in 2006 by former university librarian James H. Montgomery, 26 years after he had begun it, in an attempt to "recreate the sense of the original as closely as possible, though not at the expense of Cervantes' literary style."<a href="#cite_note-82">[77]</a> In 2011, another translation by Gerald J. Davis appeared, which is self-published via Lulu.com.<a href="#cite_note-83">[78]</a> The latest and the sixth translation of the 21st century is Diana de Armas Wilson's 2020 revision of <a href="/wiki/Burton_Raffel" title="Burton Raffel">Burton Raffel</a>'s translation. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_English_translations">List of English translations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: List of English translations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Shelton_(translator)" title="Thomas Shelton (translator)">Thomas Shelton</a> (1612 & 1620)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Phillips_(author)" title="John Phillips (author)">John Phillips</a> (1687) – the nephew of <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stevens_(translator)" title="John Stevens (translator)">Captain John Stevens</a> (1700) (revision of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Shelton_(translator)" title="Thomas Shelton (translator)">Thomas Shelton</a>)</li> <li>Ned Ward (1700), (The) Life & Notable Adventures of Don Quixote merrily translated into Hudibrastic Verse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Antoine_Motteux" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Antoine Motteux">Pierre Antoine Motteux</a> (1700)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ozell" title="John Ozell">John Ozell</a> (1719) (revision of Pierre Antoine Motteux)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Jervas" title="Charles Jervas">Charles Jervas</a> (1742)</li> <li>Dr. <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Smollett" title="Tobias Smollett">Tobias Smollett</a> (1755) (revision of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jervas" title="Charles Jervas">Charles Jervas</a>)</li> <li>George Kelly (1769) (considered as another revision of Pierre Antoine Motteux)</li> <li>Charles Henry Wilmot (1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Smirke" title="Mary Smirke">Mary Smirke</a> with engravings by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smirke_(painter)" title="Robert Smirke (painter)">Robert Smirke</a> (1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_James_Duffield" title="Alexander James Duffield">Alexander James Duffield</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ormsby_(translator)" title="John Ormsby (translator)">John Ormsby</a> (1885). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/TheIngeniousGentlemanDonQuixoteOfLaMancha/The%20Ingenious%20Gentleman%20Don%20Quixote%20of%20La%20Mancha#mode/2up">The original version</a>, available free on the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>, is to be preferred to the Wikisource and similar versions, which do not include Ormsby's careful notes and with his Introduction much abbreviated.<a href="#cite_note-Eisenberg-84">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Watts" title="Henry Edward Watts">Henry Edward Watts</a> (1888)</li> <li>Robinson Smith (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Putnam" title="Samuel Putnam">Samuel Putnam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Modern_Library" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</a>, 1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._Cohen" title="J. M. Cohen">J. M. Cohen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</a>, 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Starkie" title="Walter Starkie">Walter Starkie</a> (1964)</li> <li>Joseph Ramon Jones and Kenneth Douglas (1981) (revision of Ormsby). (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393090185" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393090185">978-0393090185</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393090183" title="Special:BookSources/0393090183">0393090183</a>) - <a href="/wiki/Norton_Critical_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Norton Critical Edition">Norton Critical Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Raffel" title="Burton Raffel">Burton Raffel</a> (<a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton" class="mw-redirect" title="W. W. Norton">Norton</a>, 1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rutherford" title="John D. Rutherford">John David Rutherford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</a>, 2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Grossman" title="Edith Grossman">Edith Grossman</a> (2003)</li> <li>O. M. Brack Jr. (2003) (revision of the 1755 <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Smollett" title="Tobias Smollett">Tobias Smollett</a> revision of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jervas" title="Charles Jervas">Charles Jervas</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Albert_Lathrop" class="extiw" title="es:Thomas Albert Lathrop">Thomas Albert Lathrop</a> (2005, Second Edition: 2007)</li> <li>James H. Montgomery (2006)</li> <li>E.C. Riley (2008) (revision of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jervas" title="Charles Jervas">Charles Jervas</a>)</li> <li>Gerald J. Davis (2011)</li> <li>Diana de Armas Wilson (2020) (revision of <a href="/wiki/Burton_Raffel" title="Burton Raffel">Burton Raffel</a>)</li></ol> </div> Reviewing 26 out of the current 28 English translations as a whole in 2008, Daniel Eisenberg stated that there is no one translation ideal for every purpose but expressed a preference for those of Putnam and the revision of Ormsby's translation by Douglas and Jones.<a href="#cite_note-Eisenberg-84">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_Translation_of_the_Spurious_Don_Quixote">English Translation of the Spurious Don Quixote</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: English Translation of the Spurious Don Quixote">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Original">Original</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Original">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>John Esten Keller and Alberta Wilson Server (1980)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Translations_of_the_French_Translation">Translations of the French Translation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Translations of the French Translation">edit</a>]</div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Captain" title="Captain">Captain</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Stevens_(translator)" title="John Stevens (translator)">John Stevens</a> (1705)</li> <li>William Augustus Yardley (1784)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/32px-Book_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/48px-Book_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/64px-Book_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="238" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Novels" title="Portal:Novels">Novels portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/48px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/64px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Don_Quixote_characters" title="List of Don Quixote characters">List of Don Quixote characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_influenced_by_Don_Quixote" title="List of works influenced by Don Quixote">List of works influenced by Don Quixote</a> – including a gallery of paintings and illustrations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Jos%C3%A9_da_Silva" title="António José da Silva">António José da Silva</a> – writer of Vida do Grande Dom Quixote de la Mancha e do Gordo Sancho Pança (1733)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coco_(folklore)" title="Coco (folklore)">Coco</a> – In the last chapter, the epitaph of Don Quijote identifies him as "el coco".<a href="#cite_note-85">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_La_Mancha" title="Man of La Mancha">Man of La Mancha</a>, a musical play based on the life of Cervantes, author of Don Quixote.<a href="#cite_note-86">[81]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsignor_Quixote" title="Monsignor Quixote">Monsignor Quixote</a>, a novel by <a href="/wiki/Graham_Greene" title="Graham Greene">Graham Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Menard,_Author_of_the_Quixote" title="Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote">Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote</a>, a short story by <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges" title="Jorge Luis Borges">Jorge Luis Borges</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Authors_and_works_mentioned_in_Don_Quixote">Authors and works mentioned in Don Quixote</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Authors and works mentioned in Don Quixote">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feliciano_de_Silva" title="Feliciano de Silva">Feliciano de Silva</a> – author of Don Quixote's favourite books, 'for their lucidity of style and complicated conceits were as pearls in his sight, particularly when in his reading he came upon courtships and cartels, where he often found passages like "the reason of the unreason with which my reason is afflicted so weakens my reason that with reason I murmur at your beauty;" or again, ;"the high heavens, that of your divinity divinely fortify you with the stars, render you deserving of the desert your greatness deserves."'<a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Avellaneda" title="Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda">Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda</a> – author of a spurious sequel to Don Quixote which, in turn, is referenced in the actual sequel</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amad%C3%ADs_de_Gaula" title="Amadís de Gaula">Amadís de Gaula</a> – one of the chivalric novels found in Don Quixote's library</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belian%C3%ADs_de_Grecia" title="Belianís de Grecia">Belianís</a> – one of the chivalric novels found in the library of Don Quixote</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirant_lo_Blanch" title="Tirant lo Blanch">Tirant lo Blanch</a> – one of the chivalric novels mentioned by Don Quixote</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: General">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Great books">Great books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_books" title="List of best-selling books">List of best-selling books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_100_best_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of 100 best books">Lists of 100 best books</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌdɒn kiːˈhoʊti/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">DON kee-HOH-tee</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-teɪ/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">-⁠tay</a>,<a href="#cite_note-oed-1">[1]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Spanish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[doŋ kiˈxote]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/04\/Don-Quijote-pronunciation_%28sur_de_Espa%C3%B1a%29.ogg\/Don-Quijote-pronunciation_%28sur_de_Espa%C3%B1a%29.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Don-Quijote-pronunciation (sur de Espa\u00f1a).ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/Don-Quijote-pronunciation_%28sur_de_Espa%C3%B1a%29.ogg/Don-Quijote-pronunciation_%28sur_de_Espa%C3%B1a%29.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Don-Quijote-pronunciation_(sur_de_Espa%C3%B1a).ogg" title="File:Don-Quijote-pronunciation (sur de España).ogg">ⓘ</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Spanish" title="Early Modern Spanish">Early Modern Spanish</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[doŋ kiˈʃote]</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-spelling-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-spelling_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-spelling_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-spelling_3-2">c</a> The modern-day spelling of Quixote in Spanish is Quijote. </li> <li id="cite_note-Spanishtitle-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Spanishtitle_4-0">^</a> Spanish: El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha<a href="#cite_note-spelling-3">[b]</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[el iŋxeˈnjoso jˈðalɣo ðoŋ kiˈxote ðe la ˈmantʃa]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c6\/Es-pe_-_Don_Quijote_ext.ogg\/Es-pe_-_Don_Quijote_ext.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Es-pe - Don Quijote ext.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/Es-pe_-_Don_Quijote_ext.ogg/Es-pe_-_Don_Quijote_ext.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Es-pe_-_Don_Quijote_ext.ogg" title="File:Es-pe - Don Quijote ext.ogg">ⓘ</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">Early Modern Spanish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[el inʃeˈnjos̺o jˈðalɣo ðoŋ kiˈʃote ðe la ˈmantʃa, -os̺o hiˈðal-]</a>. In Part 2, hidalgo is replaced with caballero (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[kaβaˈʎeɾo]</a>), meaning "knight". </li> <li id="cite_note-hidalgo-8"><a href="#cite_ref-hidalgo_8-0">^</a> Although in popular usage, the term identifies a nobleman or woman, hidalga, without a hereditary title, the reality of the hidalguía, that is, the condition of hidalgo or hidalga, was, in practice, much more complex. Among other aspects, although not usually great landowners, hidalgos were exempted from paying taxes. </li> <li id="cite_note-twain-14"><a href="#cite_ref-twain_14-0">^</a> "A curious exemplification of the power of a single book for good or harm is shown in the effects wrought by Don Quixote and those wrought by <a href="/wiki/Ivanhoe" title="Ivanhoe">Ivanhoe</a>. The first swept the world's admiration for the mediaeval chivalry-silliness out of existence; and the other restored it. As far as our South is concerned, the good work done by <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Cervantes</a> is pretty nearly a dead letter, so effectually has <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Scott</a>'s pernicious influence undermined it." <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> (1883). <a href="/wiki/Life_on_the_Mississippi" title="Life on the Mississippi">Life on the Mississippi</a>, p. 34. (Cited in Moore, 1922.) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-oed-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oed_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-oed_1-1">b</a> Oxford English Dictionary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130904125210/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Don-Quixote">"Don Quixote".</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom,_Harold2003" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom">Bloom, Harold</a> (13 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/dec/13/classics.miguelcervantes">"The knight in the mirror"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 5 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+knight+in+the+mirror&rft.date=2003-12-13&rft.au=Bloom%2C+Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2003%2Fdec%2F13%2Fclassics.miguelcervantes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuchau_de_Lecea,_Ana2018" class="citation web cs1">Puchau de Lecea, Ana (25 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/guide-to-the-classics-don-quixote-the-worlds-first-modern-novel-and-one-of-the-best-94097">"Guide to the classics: Don Quixote, the world's first modern novel – and one of the best"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a>. Retrieved 1 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Guide+to+the+classics%3A+Don+Quixote%2C+the+world%27s+first+modern+novel+%E2%80%93+and+one+of+the+best&rft.date=2018-06-25&rft.au=Puchau+de+Lecea%2C+Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fguide-to-the-classics-don-quixote-the-worlds-first-modern-novel-and-one-of-the-best-94097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMineo2016" class="citation news cs1">Mineo, Liz (25 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2016/04/a-true-giant/">"A true giant"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Gazette" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Gazette">Harvard Gazette</a>. Boston. Retrieved 28 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Gazette&rft.atitle=A+true+giant&rft.date=2016-04-25&rft.aulast=Mineo&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.harvard.edu%2Fgazette%2Fstory%2F2016%2F04%2Fa-true-giant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Salvador_de_Madariaga" title="Salvador de Madariaga">Madariaga, Salvador de</a> (1972) [1926]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cvc.cervantes.es/literatura/quijote_antologia/madariaga.htm">Guía del lector del Quijote, Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, , 7.ª ed., caps. VII y VIII (pp. 127-135 y 137-148).</a> <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cervantes" title="Instituto Cervantes">Centro Virtual Cervantes</a>. Retrieved 3 June 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Pope, Randolph D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/cervantes-bulletin-of-the-cervantes-society-of-america--37/html/027870ae-82b2-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_25.html">"Metamorphosis and Don Quixote". Cervantes: Bulletin of the Cervantes Society of America. Special Issue, Winter 1988, pp. 93–94.</a> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes_Virtual_Library" title="Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library">Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library</a>. Retrieved 3 June 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDumas1893" class="citation book cs1">Dumas, Alexandre (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m2sWAAAAYAAJ&dq=Don+Quixote+took+windmills+for+giants+and+sheep+for+armies%3B+d%27Artagnan+took+every+smile+for+an+insult+and+every+glance+for+a+provocation&pg=PA8">The Three Musketeers (being the First of the D'Artagnan Romances.)</a>. United States: Collier. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Musketeers+%28being+the+First+of+the+D%27Artagnan+Romances.%29&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Collier&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Dumas&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm2sWAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3DDon%2BQuixote%2Btook%2Bwindmills%2Bfor%2Bgiants%2Band%2Bsheep%2Bfor%2Barmies%253B%2Bd%2527Artagnan%2Btook%2Bevery%2Bsmile%2Bfor%2Ban%2Binsult%2Band%2Bevery%2Bglance%2Bfor%2Ba%2Bprovocation%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRostand1926" class="citation book cs1">Rostand, Edmond (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VPZJAQAAIAAJ&q=cyrano%20de%20bergerac">Cyrano de Bergerac: An Heroic Comedy in Five Acts</a>. United States: Henry Holt. p. 96.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyrano+de+Bergerac%3A+An+Heroic+Comedy+in+Five+Acts.&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=Henry+Holt&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Rostand&rft.aufirst=Edmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVPZJAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dcyrano%2520de%2520bergerac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2024" class="citation journal cs1">Moore, Olin Harris (3 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/457388.pdf">"Mark Twain and Don Quixote"</a> (PDF). PMLA. 37 (2): 324–346. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F457388">10.2307/457388</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0030-8129">0030-8129</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/457388">457388</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PMLA&rft.atitle=Mark+Twain+and+Don+Quixote&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=324-346&rft.date=2024-05-03&rft.issn=0030-8129&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F457388%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F457388&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Olin+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fpdf%2F457388.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1972609.stm">"Don Quixote gets authors' votes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 7 May 2002. Retrieved 5 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Don+Quixote+gets+authors%27+votes&rft.date=2002-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F1972609.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrisafis2003" class="citation news cs1">Chrisafis, Angelique (21 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/08/humanities.books">"Don Quixote is the world's best book say the world's top authors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. London. Retrieved 13 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Don+Quixote+is+the+world%27s+best+book+say+the+world%27s+top+authors&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.aulast=Chrisafis&rft.aufirst=Angelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2002%2Fmay%2F08%2Fhumanities.books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenberg1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Eisenberg" class="extiw" title="es:Daniel Eisenberg">Eisenberg, Daniel</a> [in Spanish] (1991) [1976]. "El rucio de Sancho y la fecha de composición de la Segunda Parte de Don Quijote". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/estudios-cervantinos-0/html/ffcdbca6-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_34.html#I_10_">Estudios cervantinos</a>. Revised version of article first published in <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Revista_de_Filolog%C3%ADa_Hisp%C3%A1nica" class="extiw" title="es:Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica">es:Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica</a>, vol. 25, 1976, pp. 94–102. Barcelona: <a href="/wiki/Sirmio" title="Sirmio">Sirmio</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788477690375" title="Special:BookSources/9788477690375"><bdi>9788477690375</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924114455/http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/hisp/56826142007993728511191/p0000002.htm#I_8_">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=El+rucio+de+Sancho+y+la+fecha+de+composici%C3%B3n+de+la+Segunda+Parte+de+Don+Quijote&rft.btitle=Estudios+cervantinos&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pub=Sirmio&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9788477690375&rft.aulast=Eisenberg&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cervantesvirtual.com%2Fobra-visor%2Festudios-cervantinos-0%2Fhtml%2Fffcdbca6-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_34.html%23I_10_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> An example is The Portable Cervantes (New York: Viking Penguin, 1949), which contains an abridged version of the Samuel Putnam translation. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> rocinante: deriv. of rocín, work horse; colloq., brusque labourer; rough, unkempt man. Real Academia Española. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell1969" class="citation journal cs1">Russell, P. E. (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3723440">""Don Quixote" as a Funny Book"</a>. The Modern Language Review. 64 (2): 312–326. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3723440">10.2307/3723440</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-7937">0026-7937</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3723440">3723440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Modern+Language+Review&rft.atitle=%22Don+Quixote%22+as+a+Funny+Book&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=312-326&rft.date=1969&rft.issn=0026-7937&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3723440%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3723440&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=P.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3723440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Dulcinea">"Dulcinea | Don Quixote, Aldonza, Love Interest | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Dulcinea+%7C+Don+Quixote%2C+Aldonza%2C+Love+Interest+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FDulcinea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> quijote1.2: rump or haunch. Real Academia Española. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzález_Echevarría2015" class="citation book cs1">González Echevarría, Roberto (2015). "1. Introduction: Why Read the Quixote?". Cervantes' Don Quixote. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300213317" title="Special:BookSources/9780300213317"><bdi>9780300213317</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1.+Introduction%3A+Why+Read+the+Quixote%3F&rft.btitle=Cervantes%27+Don+Quixote&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780300213317&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez+Echevarr%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Miguel-de-Cervantes/Publication-of-Don-Quixote">"Miguel de Cervantes - Don Quixote, Spanish Literature, Novelist | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Miguel+de+Cervantes+-+Don+Quixote%2C+Spanish+Literature%2C+Novelist+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMiguel-de-Cervantes%2FPublication-of-Don-Quixote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://courier.unesco.org/en/articles/don-quixote-castilian-spanish-mandarin-and-back-again">"Don Quixote: Translation from Castilian Spanish to Mandarin and back again | The UNESCO Courier"</a>. courier.unesco.org. Retrieved 1 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=courier.unesco.org&rft.atitle=Don+Quixote%3A+Translation+from+Castilian+Spanish+to+Mandarin+and+back+again+%7C+The+UNESCO+Courier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcourier.unesco.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2Fdon-quixote-castilian-spanish-mandarin-and-back-again&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters1986" class="citation book cs1">Peters, P. H., ed. (1986). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GQW0VubfHBgC&q=Quixote+%22John+Ormsby%22++translation&pg=PA43">the original</a> on 4 August 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quarterly+Review&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Gifford&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Coleridge%2C+Sir+John+Taylor&rft.au=Lockhart%2C+John+Gibson&rft.au=Elwin%2C+Whitwell&rft.au=MacPherson%2C+William&rft.au=Smith%2C+William&rft.au=Murray%2C+Sir+John&rft.au=Prothero%2C+George+Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGQW0VubfHBgC%26q%3DQuixote%2B%2522John%2BOrmsby%2522%2B%2Btranslation%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> Professor Borges: A Course on English Literature. 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New York, USA: Barron's Educational Series, Inc. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8120-3512-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8120-3512-7"><bdi>0-8120-3512-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miguel+de+Cervantes%27+Don+Quixote&rft.place=New+York%2C+USA&rft.series=Barron%27s+Book+Notes&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational+Series%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-8120-3512-7&rft.aulast=Milton&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ammer-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Ammer_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmmer2003" class="citation book cs1">Ammer, Christine (2003). 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Retrieved 31 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+does+%22tilt+at+windmills%22+mean%3F&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage%C2%AE+Dictionary+of+Idioms&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0618249534&rft.aulast=Ammer&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fidioms.yourdictionary.com%2Ftilt-at-windmills&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClement2002" class="citation journal cs1">Clement, Richard W. (2002). "Francisco de Robles, Cervantes, and the Spanish Book Trade". 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"Don Quichotte, best-seller mondial". n°322. <a href="/wiki/L%27Histoire" title="L'Histoire">L'Histoire</a>. p. 30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=n%C2%B0322&rft.atitle=Don+Quichotte%2C+best-seller+mondial&rft.pages=30&rft.date=2007-07%2F2007-08&rft.au=Gruzinski%2C+Serge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orm-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Orm_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Orm_67-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Ormsby_(translator)" title="John Ormsby (translator)">Ormsby, J.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/c/cervantes/c41d/preface1.html">"About Cervantes and Don Quixote"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060903225311/http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/c/cervantes/c41d/preface1.html">Archived</a> 3 September 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrabianowski2018" class="citation web cs1">Grabianowski, Ed (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/literature/21-best-sellers1.htm">"The 21 Best-selling Books of All Time"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HowStuffWorks" title="HowStuffWorks">HowStuffWorks</a>. p. 1. Retrieved 28 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HowStuffWorks&rft.atitle=The+21+Best-selling+Books+of+All+Time&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Grabianowski&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fentertainment.howstuffworks.com%2Farts%2Fliterature%2F21-best-sellers1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/research-collections-significant-collections/cervantes-collection">"Cervantes Collection"</a>. www.sl.nsw.gov.au. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sl.nsw.gov.au&rft.atitle=Cervantes+Collection&rft.date=2015-06-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sl.nsw.gov.au%2Fresearch-collections-significant-collections%2Fcervantes-collection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> See also the introduction to Cervantes, Miguel de (1984) Don Quixote, Penguin p. 18, for a discussion of Cervantes' statement in response to Avellaneda's attempt to write a sequel. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrestage1928" class="citation book cs1">Prestage, Edgar (1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chivalryseriesof0000pres">Chivalry</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chivalryseriesof0000pres/page/110">110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chivalry&rft.pages=110&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Prestage&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchivalryseriesof0000pres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070814074311/http://belgrado.cervantes.es/Biblioteca/Fichas/Cervantes.%20Saavedra%2C%20Miguel%20de%20%281547-1616%29_114_58_1.shtml">"Library catalogue of the Cervantes Institute of Belgrade"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belgrado.cervantes.es/Biblioteca/Fichas/Cervantes.%20Saavedra,%20Miguel%20de%20(1547-1616)_114_58_1.shtml">the original</a> on 14 August 2007. Retrieved 26 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Library+catalogue+of+the+Cervantes+Institute+of+Belgrade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbelgrado.cervantes.es%2FBiblioteca%2FFichas%2FCervantes.%2520Saavedra%2C%2520Miguel%2520de%2520%281547-1616%29_114_58_1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-peabody-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-peabody_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-peabody_73-1">b</a> Sieber, Harry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020604104844/http://quixote.mse.jhu.edu/Translation.html">"Don Quixote in Translation".</a> The Don Quixote Exhibit, Tour 2, Chapter 5. George Peabody Library. 1996. Retrieved 26 December 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100823072058/http://cervantes.tamu.edu/english/ctxt/DonQ-JohnOrmsby/DonQ-JohnOrmsby.html">"Translator's Preface: About this translation"</a>. Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes, Translated by John Ormsby. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cervantes.tamu.edu/english/ctxt/DonQ-JohnOrmsby/DonQ-JohnOrmsby.html">the original</a> on 23 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Translator%27s+Preface%3A+About+this+translation&rft.btitle=Don+Quixote+by+Miguel+de+Cervantes%2C+Translated+by+John+Ormsby&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcervantes.tamu.edu%2Fenglish%2Fctxt%2FDonQ-JohnOrmsby%2FDonQ-JohnOrmsby.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phrases.org.uk/meanings/proof-of-the-pudding.html">"Proverb "Proof of the Pudding is in the Eating""</a>. 11 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proverb+%22Proof+of+the+Pudding+is+in+the+Eating%22&rft.date=2023-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphrases.org.uk%2Fmeanings%2Fproof-of-the-pudding.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes, translated by Tobias Smollett, Introduction and Notes by Carole Slade; Barnes and Noble Classics, New York p. 318 </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBattestin1997" class="citation journal cs1">Battestin, Martin C. 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Retrieved 5 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Project+Gutenberg+eBook+of+The+Story+of+Don+Quixote%2C+by+Arvid+Paulson%2C+Clayton+Edwards%2C+and+Miguel+de+Cervantes+Saavedra&rft.pub=Gutenberg.org&rft.date=2009-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F29468%2F29468-h%2F29468-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuentes2003" class="citation news cs1">Fuentes, Carlos (2 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/02/books/tilt.html">"Tilt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tilt&rft.date=2003-11-02&rft.aulast=Fuentes&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F11%2F02%2Fbooks%2Ftilt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEder2003" class="citation news cs1">Eder, Richard (14 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/14/books/books-of-the-times-beholding-windmills-and-wisdom-from-a-new-vantage.html">"Beholding Windmills and Wisdom From a New Vantage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Beholding+Windmills+and+Wisdom+From+a+New+Vantage&rft.date=2003-11-14&rft.aulast=Eder&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2003%2F11%2F14%2Fbooks%2Fbooks-of-the-times-beholding-windmills-and-wisdom-from-a-new-vantage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrath2007" class="citation web cs1">McGrath, Michael J (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-net.org/~cervant/csa/artics08/McGraths08.pdf">"Reviews: Don Quixote trans. Tom Lathrop"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/H-Net" title="H-Net">H-Net</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150205002729/http://www.h-net.org/~cervant/csa/artics08/McGraths08.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reviews%3A+Don+Quixote+trans.+Tom+Lathrop&rft.pub=H-Net&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=Michael+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.h-net.org%2F~cervant%2Fcsa%2Fartics08%2FMcGraths08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrath2010" class="citation web cs1">McGrath, Michael J. 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James Montgomery"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/H-Net" title="H-Net">H-Net</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015185225/http://www.h-net.org/~cervant/csa/artics10/McGrathS10.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reviews%3A+Don+Quixote+trans.+James+Montgomery&rft.pub=H-Net&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.h-net.org%2F~cervant%2Fcsa%2Fartics10%2FMcGrathS10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2012" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Gerald J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D-zBAwAAQBAJ">Don Quixote</a>. Lulu Enterprises Incorporated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1105810664" title="Special:BookSources/978-1105810664"><bdi>978-1105810664</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Don+Quixote&rft.pub=Lulu+Enterprises+Incorporated&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1105810664&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Gerald+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD-zBAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eisenberg-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eisenberg_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eisenberg_84-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenberg2006" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Eisenberg" class="extiw" title="es:Daniel Eisenberg">Eisenberg, Daniel</a> [in Spanish] (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.h-net.org/~cervantes/csa/artics-f06/eisenbergsf06.pdf">"The Text of Don Quixote as Seen by its Modern English Translators"</a> (PDF). Cervantes: Journal of the Cervantes Society of America. 26: 103–126. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fcervantes.26.1.103">10.3138/cervantes.26.1.103</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:189378056">189378056</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081011155545/http://www.h-net.org/~cervantes/csa/artics-f06/eisenbergsf06.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cervantes%3A+Journal+of+the+Cervantes+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=The+Text+of+Don+Quixote+as+Seen+by+its+Modern+English+Translators&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=103-126&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fcervantes.26.1.103&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A189378056%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Eisenberg&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.h-net.org%2F~cervantes%2Fcsa%2Fartics-f06%2Feisenbergsf06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102015252/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2000/2000-h/2000-h.htm">El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha</a>. Gutenberg.org. 27 April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2000/2000-h/2000-h.htm">the original</a> on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+Ingenioso+Hidalgo+Don+Quijote+de+la+Mancha&rft.pub=Gutenberg.org&rft.date=2010-04-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F2000%2F2000-h%2F2000-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231939/http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/cervante/csa/artics99/wasserma.htm">"Interview with Wasserman"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/cervante/csa/artics99/wasserma.htm">the original</a> on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Wasserman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusers.ipfw.edu%2Fjehle%2Fcervante%2Fcsa%2Fartics99%2Fwasserma.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Cervantes" class="citation book cs1">de Cervantes, Miguel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/996/996-h/996-h.htm">Don Quixote</a>. p. Chapter 1. Retrieved 25 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Don+Quixote&rft.pages=Chapter+1&rft.aulast=de+Cervantes&rft.aufirst=Miguel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F996%2F996-h%2F996-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Quixote" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Bandera, Cesáreo (2011). The Humble Story of Don Quixote: reflections on the birth of the modern novel. Washington: The Catholic University of America Press.</li> <li>Bloom, Harold (ed.) (2000). Cervantes' Don Quixote (Modern Critical Interpretations). Chelsea House Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7910-5922-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7910-5922-7">0-7910-5922-7</a>.</li> <li>D' Haen, Theo (ed.) (2009). International Don Quixote. Editions Rodopi B.V. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-420-2583-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-420-2583-2">90-420-2583-2</a>.</li> <li>Dobbs, Ronnie (ed.) (2015). Don Quixote and the History of the Novel. Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Duran, Manuel and Rogg, Fay R. (2006). Fighting Windmills: Encounters with Don Quixote. Yale University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11022-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11022-7">978-0-300-11022-7</a>.</li> <li>González Echevarría, Roberto (ed.) (2005). Cervantes' Don Quixote: A Casebook. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> US. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-516938-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-516938-7">0-19-516938-7</a>.</li> <li>Graf, Eric C. (2007). Cervantes and Modernity: Four Essays on Don Quijote. Bucknell University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61148-261-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61148-261-4">978-1-61148-261-4</a>.</li> <li>Hoyle, Alan (2016). "Don Quixote of La Mancha"(1605): Highlights and Lowlights. Rocks Lane Editions. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1G8TjkbjWgCv7eYXFvzzbfgTd6ORRxhuf/view?ts=5e9db51f">See</a></li> <li>Hoyle, Alan (2023).‘Don Quixote of La Mancha’ Part II (1615): Low Points and High Points. Rocks Lane Editions. ISBN 9781914584367.</li> <li>Johnson, Carroll B (ed.) (2006). Don Quijote Across Four Centuries: 1605–2005. <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cuesta_Hispanic_Monographs" title="Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs">Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58871-088-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-58871-088-2">1-58871-088-2</a>.</li> <li>Pérez, Rolando (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/32654689/What_is_Don_Quijote_Don_Quixote_And...And...And_The_Disjunctive_Synthesis_of_Cervantes_and_Kathy_Acker">See on Academia.edu "What is Don Quijote/Don Quixote And... And... And the Disjunctive Synthesis of Cervantes and Kathy Acker." Cervantes ilimitado: cuatrocientos años del Quijote. Ed. Nuria Morgado. ALDEEU.</a></li> <li>Pérez, Rolando (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ehumanista.ucsb.edu/sites/default/files/sitefiles/ehumanista/volume47/ehum47.perez.pdf">"Cervantes's 'Republic': On Representation, Imitation, and Unreason". eHumanista 47. 89–111.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Don_Quixote" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Don Quixote">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a> Spanish <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/es:Don_Quijote_de_la_Mancha" class="extiw" title="s:es:Don Quijote de la Mancha">Don Quijote de la Mancha</a> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/miguel-de-cervantes-saavedra/don-quixote/john-ormsby">Don Quixote</a> at <a href="/wiki/Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/996">Don Quixote</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=Don+Quixote&author=Saavedra&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced">Don Quixote</a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p003hydl">Don Quixote</a> on <a href="/wiki/In_Our_Time_(radio_series)" title="In Our Time (radio series)">In Our Time</a> at the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bnc.cat/esl/Fons-i-col-leccions/Cerca-Fons-i-col-leccions/Col-leccio-Cervantina">Cervantine Collection of the Biblioteca de Catalunya</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/rarebook/coll/cervantes.html">Miguel de Cervantes Collection</a> has rare first volumes in multiple languages of Don Quixote. From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes</a>'s <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Don Quixote</a> (1605/1615)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Don_Quixote_characters" title="List of Don Quixote characters">Characters, imaginary characters, and animals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_Quijano" title="Alonso Quijano">Alonso Quixano / Don Quixote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_Panza" title="Sancho Panza">Sancho Panza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cide_Hamete_Benengeli" title="Cide Hamete Benengeli">Cide Hamete Benengeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavile%C3%B1o" title="Clavileño">Clavileño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulcinea_del_Toboso" title="Dulcinea del Toboso">Dulcinea del Toboso / Aldonza Lorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin%C3%A9s_de_Pasamonte" title="Ginés de Pasamonte">Ginés de Pasamonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricote_(Don_Quixote)" title="Ricote (Don Quixote)">Ricote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocinante" title="Rocinante">Rocinante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Comical_History_of_Don_Quixote" title="The Comical History of Don Quixote">The Comical History of Don Quixote</a> (1694 play)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Falsehood" title="Double Falsehood">Double Falsehood</a> (1727 play)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opera and musical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quichotte_chez_la_Duchesse" title="Don Quichotte chez la Duchesse">Don Quichotte chez la Duchesse</a> (1743)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quichotte_auf_der_Hochzeit_des_Comacho" title="Don Quichotte auf der Hochzeit des Comacho">Don Quichotte auf der Hochzeit des Comacho</a> (1761 opera)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancho_Pan%C3%A7a_(opera)" title="Sancho Pança (opera)">Sancho Pança dans son isle</a> (1762 opera)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Chisciotte_alle_nozze_di_Gamace" title="Don Chisciotte alle nozze di Gamace">Don Chisciotte alle nozze di Gamace</a> (1771 opera)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(opera)" title="Don Quixote (opera)">Don Quixote</a> (1898 opera)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quichotte" title="Don Quichotte">Don Quichotte</a> (1910 opera)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_La_Mancha" title="Man of La Mancha">Man of La Mancha</a> (1964 musical, "<a href="/wiki/The_Impossible_Dream_(The_Quest)" title="The Impossible Dream (The Quest)">The Impossible Dream</a>" song)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(Strauss)" title="Don Quixote (Strauss)">Don Quixote</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>, 1898)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(ballet)" title="Don Quixote (ballet)">Don Quixote</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Minkus" title="Ludwig Minkus">Ludwig Minkus</a>, 1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(1903_film)" title="Don Quixote (1903 film)">Don Quixote</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incident_from_Don_Quixote" title="Incident from Don Quixote">Incident from Don Quixote</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(1923_film)" title="Don Quixote (1923 film)">Don Quixote</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(1933_film)" title="Don Quixote (1933 film)">Don Quixote</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(1947_film)" title="Don Quixote (1947 film)">Don Quixote</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(unfinished_film)" title="Don Quixote (unfinished film)">Don Quixote</a> (1955–1969, unfinished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(1957_film)" title="Don Quixote (1957 film)">Don Quixote</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulcinea_(film)" title="Dulcinea (film)">Dulcinea</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Chisciotte_and_Sancio_Panza" title="Don Chisciotte and Sancio Panza">Don Chisciotte and Sancio Panza</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_La_Mancha_(film)" title="Man of La Mancha (film)">Man of La Mancha</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quijote_cabalga_de_nuevo" title="Don Quijote cabalga de nuevo">Don Quijote cabalga de nuevo</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(2000_film)" title="Don Quixote (2000 film)">Don Quixote</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_La_Mancha" title="Lost in La Mancha">Lost in La Mancha</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote,_Knight_Errant" title="Don Quixote, Knight Errant">Don Quixote, Knight Errant</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_of_the_Knights" title="Honor of the Knights">Honor de cavalleria</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Xote" title="Donkey Xote">Donkey Xote</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(2010_film)" title="Don Quixote (2010 film)">Don Quixote</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(2015_film)" title="Don Quixote (2015 film)">Don Quixote</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Killed_Don_Quixote" title="The Man Who Killed Don Quixote">The Man Who Killed Don Quixote</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Dreams_of_Giants" title="He Dreams of Giants">He Dreams of Giants</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I,_Don_Quixote" title="I, Don Quixote">I, Don Quixote</a> (1959 teleplay)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zukkoke_Knight_-_Don_De_La_Mancha" title="Zukkoke Knight - Don De La Mancha">Zukkoke Knight - Don De La Mancha</a> (1980 series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Don_Coyote_and_Sancho_Panda" title="The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho Panda">The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho Panda</a> (1989 series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Quijote_de_Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="El Quijote de Miguel de Cervantes">El Quijote de Miguel de Cervantes</a> (1992 series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(TV_series)" title="Don Quixote (TV series)">Don Quixote</a> (2011 series)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Album</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Leyenda_de_la_Mancha" title="La Leyenda de la Mancha">La Leyenda de la Mancha</a> (1998, "<a href="/wiki/Molinos_de_viento_(M%C3%A4go_de_Oz_song)" title="Molinos de viento (Mägo de Oz song)">Molinos de viento</a>" song)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(Picasso)" title="Don Quixote (Picasso)">Don Quixote</a> (1955 sketch)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(Kennedy_Center_sculpture)" title="Don Quixote (Kennedy Center sculpture)">Don Quixote</a> (1976 sculpture)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Avellaneda" title="Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda">Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amad%C3%ADs_de_Gaula" title="Amadís de Gaula">Amadís de Gaula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_influenced_by_Don_Quixote" title="List of works influenced by Don Quixote">List of works influenced by Don Quixote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quixotism" title="Quixotism">Quixotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Cardenio" title="The History of Cardenio">The History of Cardenio</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Truth_about_Sancho_Panza" title="The Truth about Sancho Panza">The Truth about Sancho Panza</a>" (1931 short story)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pierre_Menard,_Author_of_the_Quixote" title="Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote">Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote</a>" (1939 short story)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsignor_Quixote" title="Monsignor Quixote">Monsignor Quixote</a> (1982 novel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Don_Quix-ote" title="Super Don Quix-ote">Super Don Quix-ote</a> (1984 video game)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Miguel_de_Cervantes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Template:Miguel de Cervantes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Template talk:Miguel de Cervantes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Miguel de Cervantes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Miguel_de_Cervantes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works (chronologically)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Siege_of_Numantia" title="The Siege of Numantia">The Siege of Numantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Galatea" title="La Galatea">La Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocho_comedias_y_ocho_entremeses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses (page does not exist)">Ocho comedias y ocho entremeses</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_retablo_de_las_maravillas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El retablo de las maravillas (page does not exist)">El retablo de las maravillas</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_retablo_de_las_maravillas" class="extiw" title="es:El retablo de las maravillas">es</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_cueva_de_Salamanca" title="La cueva de Salamanca">La cueva de Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_juez_de_los_divorcios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El juez de los divorcios (page does not exist)">El juez de los divorcios</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_juez_de_los_divorcios" class="extiw" title="es:El juez de los divorcios">es</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_viejo_celoso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El viejo celoso (page does not exist)">El viejo celoso</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_viejo_celoso" class="extiw" title="es:El viejo celoso">es</a>]</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novelas_ejemplares" title="Novelas ejemplares">Exemplary Novels</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/La_gitanilla" title="La gitanilla">La gitanilla</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rinconete_y_Cortadillo" title="Rinconete y Cortadillo">Rinconete y Cortadillo</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/El_licenciado_Vidriera" title="El licenciado Vidriera">El licenciado Vidriera</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=La_espa%C3%B1ola_inglesa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La española inglesa (page does not exist)">La española inglesa</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_espa%C3%B1ola_inglesa" class="extiw" title="es:La española inglesa">es</a>]"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/El_celoso_extreme%C3%B1o" title="El celoso extremeño">El celoso extremeño</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/La_ilustre_fregona" title="La ilustre fregona">La ilustre fregona</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=La_fuerza_de_la_sangre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La fuerza de la sangre (page does not exist)">La fuerza de la sangre</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/El_coloquio_de_los_perros" class="mw-redirect" title="El coloquio de los perros">El coloquio de los perros</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Don Quixote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viaje_del_Parnaso" title="Viaje del Parnaso">Viaje del Parnaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_trabajos_de_Persiles_y_Sigismunda" title="Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda">Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Cervantes" title="Casa de Cervantes">Casa de Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes_Prize" title="Miguel de Cervantes Prize">Miguel de Cervantes Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_of_26_September_1575" title="Action of 26 September 1575">Action of 26 September 1575</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q480#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q480#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q480#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/184295284">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4113209-9">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81032847">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11937284k">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11937284k">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00627059">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35026948">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX3383563">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000345658&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=261226">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810645727605606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007585711105171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027300935">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/e07997c8-779e-4547-99e3-549c37f3cf65">MusicBrainz work</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&oldid=1256979381">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Don_Quixote&oldid=1256979381</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Don_Quixote" title="Category:Don Quixote">Don Quixote</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1600s_fantasy_novels" title="Category:1600s fantasy novels">1600s fantasy novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Comedy_novels" title="Category:Comedy novels">Comedy novels</a></li><li><a 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