CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Harold Bloom - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7d195ba1-ffeb-41ce-adff-7ce580401a5d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Harold_Bloom","wgTitle":"Harold Bloom","wgCurRevisionId":1256045492,"wgRevisionId":1256045492,"wgArticleId":26255613,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1: long volume value","CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use mdy dates from October 2019","Articles needing additional references from October 2019","All articles needing additional references","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019", "All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from July 2018","Articles with permanently dead external links","Commons category link from Wikidata","Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia","People appearing on C-SPAN","1930 births","2019 deaths","20th-century American educators","20th-century American writers","21st-century American academics","21st-century American writers","Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge","American academics of English literature","American literary critics","American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent","American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent","Cornell University alumni","Jewish American academics","Jewish scholars","Literary critics of English","MacArthur Fellows","Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters","New York University faculty","Shakespearean scholars","The Bronx High School of Science alumni","W. B. Yeats scholars","William Blake scholars","Writers from the Bronx", "Writers from New Haven, Connecticut","Yale Sterling Professors","Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni","Yale University faculty","Yiddish-speaking people"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Harold_Bloom","wgRelevantArticleId":26255613,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish": true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q345612","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges": "ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Harold_Bloom%2C_literary_critic%2C_author%2C_teacher_at_Yale.jpg/1200px-Harold_Bloom%2C_literary_critic%2C_author%2C_teacher_at_Yale.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1746"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Harold_Bloom%2C_literary_critic%2C_author%2C_teacher_at_Yale.jpg/800px-Harold_Bloom%2C_literary_critic%2C_author%2C_teacher_at_Yale.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1164"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Harold_Bloom%2C_literary_critic%2C_author%2C_teacher_at_Yale.jpg/640px-Harold_Bloom%2C_literary_critic%2C_author%2C_teacher_at_Yale.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="931"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Harold Bloom - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Harold_Bloom rootpage-Harold_Bloom skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Harold+Bloom" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Harold+Bloom" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Harold+Bloom" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Harold+Bloom" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teaching_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Teaching career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaching_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Writing career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Writing_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Writing career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Writing_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defense_of_Romanticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defense_of_Romanticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Defense of Romanticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defense_of_Romanticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Influence theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Addenda_and_developments_of_his_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Addenda_and_developments_of_his_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Addenda and developments of his theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Addenda_and_developments_of_his_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Novel_experiment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novel_experiment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Novel experiment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novel_experiment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Religious criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Western_Canon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Western_Canon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span><i>The Western Canon</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Western_Canon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_on_Shakespeare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_on_Shakespeare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Work on Shakespeare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_on_Shakespeare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s_and_2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s_and_2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>2000s and 2010s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s_and_2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Written_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Written_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Written works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Written_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Written works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Written_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference_Series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference_Series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Reference Series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference_Series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Harold Bloom</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_(%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A8)" title="هارولد بلوم (كاتب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هارولد بلوم (كاتب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Blum" title="Harold Blum – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Harold Blum" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="هارولد بلوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هارولد بلوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Харолд Блум – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Харолд Блум" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC" title="Χάρολντ Μπλουμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάρολντ Μπλουμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="هارولد بلوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هارولد بلوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%9F%B4%EB%93%9C_%EB%B8%94%EB%A3%B8" title="해럴드 블룸 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="해럴드 블룸" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A4_%D4%B2%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հարոլդ Բլում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարոլդ Բլում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D" title="הרולד בלום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרולד בלום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haroldus_Bloom" title="Haroldus Bloom – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Haroldus Bloom" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Харолд Блум – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Харолд Блум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85" title="هارولد بلوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هارولد بلوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="ハロルド・ブルーム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハロルド・ブルーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AE" title="ਹੈਰੋਲਡ ਬਲੂਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੈਰੋਲਡ ਬਲੂਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Блум, Гарольд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Блум, Гарольд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Харолд Блум – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Харолд Блум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Гарольд Блум – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гарольд Блум" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="Harold Bloom – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Harold Bloom" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%A7%86" title="哈罗德·布鲁姆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈罗德·布鲁姆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q345612#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Harold_Bloom" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Bloom"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Harold_Bloom" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Harold_Bloom" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&oldid=1256045492" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Harold_Bloom&id=1256045492&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHarold_Bloom"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHarold_Bloom"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Harold_Bloom&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harold_Bloom" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Harold_Bloom" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q345612" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American literary critic, scholar, and writer (1930–2019)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the screenwriter, see <a href="/wiki/Harold_Jack_Bloom" title="Harold Jack Bloom">Harold Jack Bloom</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Harold Bloom</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_Bloom,_literary_critic,_author,_teacher_at_Yale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bloom in 1986"><img alt="Bloom in 1986" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Harold_Bloom%2C_literary_critic%2C_author%2C_teacher_at_Yale.jpg/220px-Harold_Bloom%2C_literary_critic%2C_author%2C_teacher_at_Yale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Harold_Bloom%2C_literary_critic%2C_author%2C_teacher_at_Yale.jpg/330px-Harold_Bloom%2C_literary_critic%2C_author%2C_teacher_at_Yale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Harold_Bloom%2C_literary_critic%2C_author%2C_teacher_at_Yale.jpg/440px-Harold_Bloom%2C_literary_critic%2C_author%2C_teacher_at_Yale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3223" data-file-height="4689" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.4em;">Bloom in 1986</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1930-07-11</span>)</span>July 11, 1930<br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">October 14, 2019<span style="display:none">(2019-10-14)</span> (aged 89)<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">Literary critic</a></li><li>writer</li><li>professor</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Education</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke College, Cambridge">Pembroke College, Cambridge</a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Literary movement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">1955–2019</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Jeanne Gould</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1958)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Children</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">2</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Harold Bloom</b> (July 11, 1930 – October 14, 2019) was an American literary critic and the <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Professor" title="Sterling Professor">Sterling Professor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Bloom was called "probably the most famous literary critic in the English-speaking world".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After publishing his first book in 1959, Bloom wrote more than 50 books,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including over 40 books of <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">literary criticism</a>, several books discussing religion, and one novel. He edited hundreds of anthologies concerning numerous literary and philosophical figures for the <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelsea House">Chelsea House</a> publishing firm.<sup id="cite_ref-chronicle.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chronicle.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytbegley_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytbegley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloom's books have been translated into more than 40 languages. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bloom was a defender of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Western_canon" title="Western canon">Western canon</a> at a time when literature departments were focusing on what he derided as the "<a href="/wiki/School_of_Resentment" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Resentment">School of Resentment</a>" (which included <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>, and other ideologies).<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Herman2003_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman2003-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bloom was born in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> on July 11, 1930,<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to Paula (née Lev) and William Bloom. He lived in the <a href="/wiki/Bronx" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronx">Bronx</a> at 1410 <a href="/wiki/Grand_Concourse_(Bronx)" title="Grand Concourse (Bronx)">Grand Concourse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was raised as an <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Jew">Orthodox Jew</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>-speaking household, where he learned literary <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he learned English at the age of six.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloom's father, a garment worker, was born in <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> and his <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Jews">Lithuanian Jewish</a> mother, a homemaker, near <a href="/wiki/Brest_Litovsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Brest Litovsk">Brest Litovsk</a> in what is today <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harold had three older sisters and an older brother. He was the last living sibling.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a boy, Bloom read <a href="/wiki/Hart_Crane" title="Hart Crane">Hart Crane</a>'s <i>Collected Poems</i>, a collection that inspired his lifelong fascination with poetry.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloom went to the <a href="/wiki/Bronx_High_School_of_Science" title="Bronx High School of Science">Bronx High School of Science</a>, where his grades were poor but his standardized-test scores were high.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1951 he received a B.A. degree in <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classics</a> from Cornell, where he was a student of English literary critic <a href="/wiki/M._H._Abrams" title="M. H. Abrams">M. H. Abrams</a>, and in 1955 a Ph.D. from Yale.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1954–55 Bloom was a <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulbright Scholar">Fulbright Scholar</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Pembroke College, Cambridge">Pembroke College, Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bloom was a standout student at Yale, where he clashed with the faculty of <a href="/wiki/New_Critics" class="mw-redirect" title="New Critics">New Critics</a>, including <a href="/wiki/William_K._Wimsatt" title="William K. Wimsatt">William K. Wimsatt</a>. Several years later Bloom dedicated his book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Anxiety_of_Influence" title="The Anxiety of Influence">The Anxiety of Influence</a></i> to Wimsatt<i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teaching_career">Teaching career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Teaching career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bloom was a member of the Yale English Department from 1955 to 2019, teaching his final class four days before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur Fellowship">MacArthur Fellowship</a> in 1985. From 1988 to 2004, Bloom was Berg Professor of English at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> while maintaining his position at Yale. In 2010, he became a founding patron of <a href="/wiki/Ralston_College" title="Ralston College">Ralston College</a>, a new institution in <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah, Georgia</a>, that focuses on primary texts.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fond of <a href="/wiki/Term_of_endearment" title="Term of endearment">endearments</a>, Bloom addressed both male and female students and friends as "my dear".<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bloom married Jeanne Gould in 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had two children.<sup id="cite_ref-latimesobit_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimesobit-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2005 interview, Jeanne said that she and Harold were both <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheists</a>, which he denied: "No, no, I'm not an atheist. It's no fun being an atheist."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bloom was the subject of a 1990 article in <i><a href="/wiki/GQ" title="GQ">GQ</a></i> titled "Bloom in Love", which accused him of having affairs with female graduate students. He called the article a "disgusting piece of character assassination". Bloom's friend and colleague the biographer <a href="/wiki/R._W._B._Lewis" title="R. W. B. Lewis">R. W. B. Lewis</a> said in 1994 that Bloom's "wandering, I gather is a thing of the past. I hate to say it, but he rather bragged about it, so that wasn't very secret for a number of years."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2004 article for <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i> magazine, <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Wolf" title="Naomi Wolf">Naomi Wolf</a> wrote that while she was an undergraduate student at Yale University in 1983, Bloom attended a dinner with her, saying he would discuss her writing. Instead, she claims that he came on to her, placing his hand on her inner thigh.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolf2004_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolf2004-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloom "vigorously denied" the allegation.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bloom never retired from teaching, swearing that he would need to be removed from the classroom "in a great big body bag". He had open heart surgery in 2002 and broke his back after a fall in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-latimesobit_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimesobit-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died at a hospital in <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, on October 14, 2019. He was 89 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTObit_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTObit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_career">Writing career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Writing career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Harold_Bloom" title="Special:EditPage/Harold Bloom">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Harold+Bloom%22">"Harold Bloom"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Harold+Bloom%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Harold+Bloom%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Harold+Bloom%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Harold+Bloom%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Harold+Bloom%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defense_of_Romanticism">Defense of Romanticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Defense of Romanticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bloom began his career with a sequence of highly regarded monographs on <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a> (<i>Shelley's Myth-making</i>, <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, originally Bloom's doctoral dissertation),<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a> (<i>Blake's Apocalypse</i>, <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>), <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a> (<i>Yeats</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stevens" title="Wallace Stevens">Wallace Stevens</a> (<i>Wallace Stevens: The Poems of Our Climate</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these, he defended the High Romantics against <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">neo-Christian</a> critics influenced by such writers as <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>, who became a recurring intellectual foil. Bloom had a contentious approach: his first book, <i>Shelley's Myth-making</i>, charged many contemporary critics with sheer carelessness in their reading of the poet.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence_theory">Influence theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Influence theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lion-faced_deity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Lion-faced_deity.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="252" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption>A lion-faced <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">deity</a> associated with <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a>. Bloom frequently referred to Gnosticism when speaking about general and personal religious matters.</figcaption></figure> <p>After a personal crisis during the late 1960s, Bloom became deeply interested in <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, and the ancient mystic traditions of <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a>. In a 2003 interview with Bloom, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Pakenham" title="Michael Pakenham">Michael Pakenham</a>, the book editor for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a></i>, noted that Bloom had long called himself a "Jewish Gnostic". Bloom responded: "I am using 'Gnostic' in a very broad way. I am nothing if not Jewish... I really am a product of Yiddish culture. But I can't understand a <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>, who could be all-powerful and all-knowing and would allow the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_death_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi death camps">Nazi death camps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Influenced by his reading, he began a series of books that focused on the way in which poets struggle to create their individual poetic visions without being overcome by the influence of the poets who inspired them to write. </p><p>The first of these books, <i>Yeats</i>, challenged the conventional critical view of <a href="/wiki/William_Butler_Yeats" class="mw-redirect" title="William Butler Yeats">William Butler Yeats</a>'s poetic career. In the introduction to this volume, Bloom set out the basic principles of his new approach to criticism: "Poetic influence, as I conceive it, is a variety of melancholy or the anxiety-principle." New poets become inspired to write because they have read and admired previous poets, but this admiration turns into resentment when the new poets discover that the poets they idolized have already said everything they wish to say. The poets become disappointed because they "cannot be <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> early in the morning. There have been too many Adams, and they have named everything."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to evade this psychological obstacle, according to Bloom, poets must be convinced that earlier poets have gone wrong somewhere and failed in their vision, thus leaving open the possibility that they have something to add to the tradition. Poets' love for their heroes turns into antagonism toward them: "Initial love for the precursor's poetry is transformed rapidly enough into revisionary strife, without which individuation is not possible."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book that followed <i>Yeats</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Anxiety_of_Influence" title="The Anxiety of Influence">The Anxiety of Influence</a></i>, which Bloom started writing in 1967, drew upon the example of <a href="/wiki/Walter_Jackson_Bate" title="Walter Jackson Bate">Walter Jackson Bate</a>'s <i>The Burden of the Past and The English Poet</i> and recast in systematic psychoanalytic form Bate's historicized account of the despair 17th- and 18th-century poets felt about their inability to equal their predecessors. Bloom attempted to trace the psychological process by which poets broke free from their precursors to achieve their own poetic visions. He drew a sharp distinction between "strong poets", who perform "strong misreadings" of their precursors, and "weak poets", who merely repeat their precursors' ideas as though following a kind of doctrine. He described this process in terms of a sequence of "revisionary ratios", through which strong poets pass in the course of their careers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Addenda_and_developments_of_his_theory">Addenda and developments of his theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Addenda and developments of his theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harold_Bloom_(Agon_portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Harold_Bloom_%28Agon_portrait%29.jpg/220px-Harold_Bloom_%28Agon_portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Harold_Bloom_%28Agon_portrait%29.jpg/330px-Harold_Bloom_%28Agon_portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Harold_Bloom_%28Agon_portrait%29.jpg/440px-Harold_Bloom_%28Agon_portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2114" data-file-height="1935" /></a><figcaption>Photo portrait from the <a href="/wiki/Dust_jacket" title="Dust jacket">dust jacket</a> of <i>Agon: Towards a Theory of Revisionism</i> (1982)</figcaption></figure> <p><i>A Map of Misreading</i> picks up where <i>The Anxiety of Influence</i> left off, making several adjustments to Bloom's system of revisionary ratios. <i>Kabbalah and Criticism</i> attempts to invoke the esoteric interpretive system of the <a href="/wiki/Lurianic_Kabbalah" title="Lurianic Kabbalah">Lurianic Kabbalah</a>, as explicated by scholar <a href="/wiki/Gershom_Scholem" title="Gershom Scholem">Gershom Scholem</a>, as an alternate system of mapping the path of poetic influence. <i>Figures of Capable Imagination</i> collected odd pieces Bloom had written in the process of composing his "influence" books. </p><p>Bloom continued to write about influence theory throughout the 1970s and '80s, and penned little thereafter that did not invoke his ideas about influence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novel_experiment">Novel experiment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Novel experiment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bloom's fascination with <a href="/wiki/David_Lindsay_(novelist)" title="David Lindsay (novelist)">David Lindsay</a>'s fantasy novel <i><a href="/wiki/A_Voyage_to_Arcturus" title="A Voyage to Arcturus">A Voyage to Arcturus</a></i> led him to take a brief break from criticism to compose a sequel to it. This novel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Flight_to_Lucifer" title="The Flight to Lucifer">The Flight to Lucifer</a></i>, was Bloom's only work of fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Violet_Apple_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Violet_Apple-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_criticism">Religious criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Religious criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bloom then entered a phase of what he called "religious criticism", beginning with <i>Ruin the Sacred Truths: Poetry and Belief from the Bible to the Present</i> (1989). In <i>The Book of J</i> (1990), he and <a href="/wiki/David_Rosenberg_(poet)" title="David Rosenberg (poet)">David Rosenberg</a> (who translated the biblical texts) portrayed one of the posited ancient documents that formed the basis of the first five books of the Bible (see <a href="/wiki/Documentary_hypothesis" title="Documentary hypothesis">documentary hypothesis</a>) as the work of a great literary artist who had no intention of composing a <a href="/wiki/Dogmatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogmatic">dogmatically</a> religious work (see <a href="/wiki/Jahwist" title="Jahwist">Jahwist</a>). They envisaged this anonymous writer as a woman attached to the court of the successors of the Israelite kings <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="King Solomon">Solomon</a> – a piece of speculation that drew much attention. Later, Bloom said that the speculations did not go far enough, and perhaps he should have identified J with the biblical <a href="/wiki/Bathsheba" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Jesus and Yahweh: The Names Divine</i> (2004), he revisits some of the territory covered in <i>The Book of J</i> in discussing the significance of <a href="/wiki/YHWH" class="mw-redirect" title="YHWH">Yahweh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jesus_of_Nazareth" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus of Nazareth">Jesus of Nazareth</a> as literary characters, while casting a critical eye on historical approaches and asserting the fundamental incompatibility of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Christianity and Judaism">Christianity and Judaism</a>. </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Religion" title="The American Religion">The American Religion</a></i> (1992), Bloom surveyed the major varieties of <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> and post-Protestant religious faiths that originated in the United States and argued that, in terms of their psychological hold on their adherents, most had more in common with <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">gnosticism</a> than with historical Christianity. The exception was the <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, whom Bloom regards as non-Gnostic. He elsewhere predicted that the <a href="/wiki/Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a> strains of <a href="/wiki/American_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="American Christianity">American Christianity</a> would overtake mainstream Protestant divisions in popularity in the next few decades.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i>Omens of Millennium</i> (1996), Bloom identifies these American religious elements as on the periphery of an old – and not inherently Christian – gnostic, religious tradition that invokes a complex of ideas and experiences concerning <a href="/wiki/Angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelology">angelology</a>, interpretation of dreams as <a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">prophecy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Near-death_experience" title="Near-death experience">near-death experiences</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">millennialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his essay in <i>The <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Thomas" title="Gospel of Thomas">Gospel of Thomas</a></i>, Bloom writes that none of Thomas's <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a> sayings have survived in the original language.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Meyer" title="Marvin Meyer">Marvin Meyer</a> generally agreed and further confirmed that the earlier versions of that text were likely written in either Aramaic or Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meyer ends his introduction with an endorsement of much of Bloom's essay.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloom notes the otherworldliness of the Jesus in Thomas's sayings by making reference to "the paradox also of the American Jesus".<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Western_Canon"><i>The Western Canon</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The Western Canon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Canon" title="The Western Canon">The Western Canon</a></i> (1994), a survey of the major literary works of Europe and the Americas since the 14th century, focuses on 26 works Bloom considers sublime and representative of their nations<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of the <a href="/wiki/Western_canon" title="Western canon">Western canon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides analyses of the canon's various representative works, Bloom's major concern in the volume was to reclaim literature from what he called the "<a href="/wiki/School_of_Resentment" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Resentment">School of Resentment</a>", the mostly academic critics who espoused a social purpose in their work. Bloom asserted that the goals of reading must be solitary <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesthetic">aesthetic</a> pleasure and self-insight rather than the goal of improving one's society held by "forces of resentment". He cast the latter as absurd, writing: "The idea that you benefit the insulted and injured by reading someone of their own origins rather than reading Shakespeare is one of the oddest illusions ever promoted by or in our schools." His position was that politics had no place in literary criticism: that a <a href="/wiki/Feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist">feminist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> reading of <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i> would tell us something about feminism and Marxism but probably nothing about <i>Hamlet</i>. </p><p>In addition to considering how much influence a writer had had on later writers, Bloom proposed the concept of "canonical strangeness" (cf. <a href="/wiki/Uncanny" title="Uncanny">uncanny</a>) as a benchmark of a literary work's merit. <i>The Western Canon</i> also included a list – noted by the general public with widespread interest – of the Western works from antiquity to the present that Bloom considered either permanent members of the canon of literary classics, or candidates for that status. Bloom said that he made the list off the top of his head at his editor's request, and that he did not stand by it.<sup id="cite_ref-vice_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_on_Shakespeare">Work on Shakespeare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Work on Shakespeare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?116383-1/shakespeare-invention-human">Presentation by Bloom on <i>Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human</i>, December 10, 1998</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor,_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg/220px-William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg/330px-William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg/440px-William_Shakespeare_by_John_Taylor%2C_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3059" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> (1564–1616)</figcaption></figure> <p>Bloom had a deep appreciation for <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> considering him the supreme center of the Western canon.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first edition of <i>The Anxiety of Influence</i> almost completely avoided Shakespeare, whom Bloom then considered barely touched by the psychological drama of anxiety. The second edition, published in 1997, added a long preface that mostly expounded Shakespeare's debt to <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Chaucer</a>, and his <a href="/wiki/Agon#Literature" title="Agon">agon</a> with <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Marlowe" title="Christopher Marlowe">Christopher Marlowe</a>, who set the stage for him by breaking free of ecclesiastical and moralizing overtones. </p><p>In his later survey, <i><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare:_The_Invention_of_the_Human" title="Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human">Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human</a></i> (1998), Bloom provided an analysis of each of Shakespeare's 38 plays, "twenty-four of which are masterpieces".<sup id="cite_ref-Harold_Bloom_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harold_Bloom-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Written as a companion to the general reader and theater-goer, Bloom declared that <a href="/wiki/Bardolatry" title="Bardolatry">bardolatry</a> "ought to be even more a secular religion than it already is".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also contended in the work that Shakespeare "invented" humanity, in that he prescribed the now-common practice of "overhearing" ourselves, which drives our changes. The two paragons of his theory were <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Falstaff" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir John Falstaff">Sir John Falstaff</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_1" title="Henry IV, Part 1">Henry IV</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Hamlet" title="Prince Hamlet">Hamlet</a>, whom Bloom saw as representing self-satisfaction and self-loathing, respectively. These two characters, <a href="/wiki/Iago" title="Iago">Iago</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a> Bloom believed (citing <a href="/wiki/A._C._Bradley" title="A. C. Bradley">A. C. Bradley</a>) are "the four Shakespearean characters most inexhaustible to meditation".<sup id="cite_ref-Harold_Bloom_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harold_Bloom-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout <i>Shakespeare</i>, characters from disparate plays are imagined alongside and interacting with each other. Contemporary academics and critics decried this as harking back to the out-of-fashion character criticism of Bradley (and others), who are explicitly praised in the book. As in <i>The Western Canon</i>, Bloom criticizes what he calls the "School of Resentment" for its failure to live up to the challenge of Shakespeare's universality and for <a href="/wiki/Balkanization" title="Balkanization">balkanizing</a> the study of literature through multicultural and <a href="/wiki/New_Historicism" class="mw-redirect" title="New Historicism">historicist</a> departments. Asserting Shakespeare's singular popularity throughout the world, Bloom proclaims him the only truly multicultural author. Repudiating the "social energies" to which historicists ascribed Shakespeare's authorship, Bloom pronounced his modern academic foes – and all of society – to be but "a parody of Shakespearean energies". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s_and_2010s">2000s and 2010s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2000s and 2010s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?157968-1/how-read-why"><i>Booknotes</i> interview with Bloom on <i>How to Read and Why</i>, September 3, 2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Bloom consolidated his work on the Western canon with the publication of <i>How to Read and Why</i> (2000) and <i>Genius: A Mosaic of One Hundred Exemplary Creative Minds</i> (2003). <i>Hamlet: Poem Unlimited</i> (also 2003) is an amendment to <i>Shakespeare: Invention of the Human</i> written after Bloom decided the chapter on <i>Hamlet</i> in the earlier book had been too focused on the textual question of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ur-Hamlet" title="Ur-Hamlet">Ur-Hamlet</a></i> to cover his most central thoughts on the play itself. Some elements of religious criticism were combined with his secular criticism in <i>Where Shall Wisdom Be Found</i> (2004), and a more complete return to religious criticism was marked by the publication of <i>Jesus and Yahweh: The Names Divine</i> (2005). Throughout the decade he also compiled, edited and introduced several major anthologies of poetry. </p><p>Bloom took part in <a href="/wiki/Paul_Festa" title="Paul Festa">Paul Festa</a>'s 2006 documentary <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apparition_of_the_Eternal_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apparition of the Eternal Church (page does not exist)">Apparition of the Eternal Church</a></i>. It centers on people's reactions to hearing for the first time <a href="/wiki/Olivier_Messiaen" title="Olivier Messiaen">Olivier Messiaen</a>'s organ piece <i><a href="/wiki/Apparition_de_l%27%C3%A9glise_%C3%A9ternelle" title="Apparition de l'église éternelle">Apparition de l'église éternelle</a></i>. </p><p>Bloom began a book under the working title <i>Living Labyrinth</i>, centering on Shakespeare and <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a>, which was published as <i>The Anatomy of Influence: Literature as a Way of Life</i> (2011). </p><p>In July 2011, after the publication of <i>The Anatomy of Influence</i> and after finishing work on <i>The Shadow of a Great Rock</i>, Bloom was working on three further projects: </p> <ul><li><i>Achievement in the Evening Land from Emerson to Faulkner</i>, a history of American literature following the canonical model, which ultimately developed into his book <i>The Daemon Knows: Literary Greatness and the American Sublime</i> (2015).</li> <li><i>The Hum of Thoughts Evaded in the Mind: A Literary Memoir</i>, which ultimately developed into his book <i>Possessed by Memory: The Inward Light of Criticism</i> (2019), the last book Bloom published during his lifetime.</li> <li>a play with the working title <i>Walt Whitman: A Musical Pageant</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By November 2011, Bloom had changed the title to <i>To You Whoever You Are: A Pageant Celebrating Walt Whitman</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This work is unpublished and it is unknown how much of it was finished.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_Johnson_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Samuel_Johnson_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg/220px-Samuel_Johnson_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Samuel_Johnson_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg/330px-Samuel_Johnson_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Samuel_Johnson_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg/440px-Samuel_Johnson_by_Joshua_Reynolds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Canon" title="The Western Canon">The Western Canon</a></i>, Bloom claimed that <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a> was "unmatched by any critic in any nation before or after him".</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1986, Bloom credited <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Frye" title="Northrop Frye">Northrop Frye</a> as his nearest precursor. He told <a href="/wiki/Imre_Salusinszky" title="Imre Salusinszky">Imre Salusinszky</a> in 1986: "In terms of my own theorizations ... the precursor proper has to be Northrop Frye. I purchased and read <i><a href="/wiki/Fearful_Symmetry_(Frye)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fearful Symmetry (Frye)">Fearful Symmetry</a></i> a week or two after it had come out and reached the bookstore in Ithaca, New York. It ravished my heart away. I have tried to find an alternative father in Mr. <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Burke" title="Kenneth Burke">Kenneth Burke</a>, who is a charming fellow and a very powerful critic, but I don't come from Burke, I come out of Frye."<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But in <i>Anatomy of Influence</i> (2011), Bloom wrote, "I no longer have the patience to read anything by Frye" and nominated <a href="/wiki/Angus_Fletcher_(critic)" title="Angus Fletcher (critic)">Angus Fletcher</a> among his living contemporaries as his "critical guide and conscience". Elsewhere that year, he recommended Fletcher's <i>Colors of the Mind</i> and <a href="/wiki/M._H._Abrams" title="M. H. Abrams">M. H. Abrams</a>'s <i>The Mirror and the Lamp</i>. In this late phase, Bloom also emphasized the tradition of earlier critics such as <a href="/wiki/William_Hazlitt" title="William Hazlitt">William Hazlitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Pater" title="Walter Pater">Walter Pater</a>, <a href="/wiki/A._C._Bradley" title="A. C. Bradley">A. C. Bradley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>, describing Johnson in <i>The Western Canon</i> as "unmatched by any critic in any nation before or after him". In his 2012 foreword to <i>The Fourth Dimension of a Poem</i> (WW Norton, 2012), Bloom indicated the influence Abrams had upon him in his years at Cornell.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bloom's theory of poetic influence regards the development of <a href="/wiki/Western_literature" title="Western literature">Western literature</a> as a process of borrowing and misreading. Writers find their creative inspiration in previous writers and begin by imitating them, but must make their own work different from their precursors'. As a result, Bloom argues, authors of real power must inevitably "misread" their precursors to make room for fresh imaginings.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Observers often identified Bloom with <a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">deconstruction</a>, but he never admitted to sharing more than a few ideas with deconstructionists. He told <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moynihan" title="Robert Moynihan">Robert Moynihan</a> in 1983, "What I think I have in common with the school of deconstruction is the mode of negative thinking or negative awareness, in the technical, philosophical sense of the negative, but which comes to me through <a href="/wiki/Apophatic_theology" title="Apophatic theology">negative theology</a> ... There is no escape, there is simply the given, and there is nothing that we can do."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bloom's association with the <a href="/wiki/Western_canon" title="Western canon">Western canon</a> provoked a substantial interest in his opinion of the relative importance of contemporary writers. In the late 1980s, Bloom told an interviewer: "Probably the most powerful living Western writer is <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Beckett</a>. He's certainly the most authentic."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of British writers, Bloom said: "<a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hill" title="Geoffrey Hill">Geoffrey Hill</a> is the strongest British poet now active" and "no other contemporary British novelist seems to me to be of <a href="/wiki/Iris_Murdoch" title="Iris Murdoch">Iris Murdoch</a>'s eminence". After Murdoch died, Bloom expressed admiration for the novelists <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ackroyd" title="Peter Ackroyd">Peter Ackroyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Will_Self" title="Will Self">Will Self</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Banville" title="John Banville">John Banville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/A._S._Byatt" title="A. S. Byatt">A. S. Byatt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i>Genius: A Mosaic of One Hundred Exemplary Creative Minds</i> (2003), he called the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago" title="José Saramago">José Saramago</a> "the most gifted novelist alive in the world today" and "one of the last titans of an expiring literary genre". </p><p>Of American novelists, Bloom said in 2003, "there are four living American novelists I know of who are still at work and who deserve our praise".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saying that "they write the Style of our Age" and that "each has composed canonical works", he identified them as <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pynchon" title="Thomas Pynchon">Thomas Pynchon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cormac_McCarthy" title="Cormac McCarthy">Cormac McCarthy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Don_DeLillo" title="Don DeLillo">Don DeLillo</a>. He named their respective masterpieces as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Crying_of_Lot_49" title="The Crying of Lot 49">The Crying of Lot 49</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow" title="Gravity's Rainbow">Gravity's Rainbow</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mason_%26_Dixon" title="Mason & Dixon">Mason & Dixon</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Sabbath%27s_Theater" title="Sabbath's Theater">Sabbath's Theater</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/American_Pastoral" title="American Pastoral">American Pastoral</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Blood_Meridian" title="Blood Meridian">Blood Meridian</a></i>; and <i><a href="/wiki/Underworld_(DeLillo_novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Underworld (DeLillo novel)">Underworld</a></i>. He added to this estimate the work of <a href="/wiki/John_Crowley_(author)" title="John Crowley (author)">John Crowley</a>, with special interest in his <a href="/wiki/Aegypt_Sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegypt Sequence">Aegypt Sequence</a> and novel <i><a href="/wiki/Little,_Big" title="Little, Big">Little, Big</a></i>, saying, "only a handful of living writers in English can equal him as a stylist, and most of them are poets ... only Philip Roth consistently writes on Crowley's level".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloom called Crowley's <i>Little, Big</i> "a neglected masterpiece" and "the most enchanting twentieth-century book I know". He wrote the afterword to a 40th-anniversary edition of the novel.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly before his death, Bloom expressed admiration for the works of <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Cohen_(writer)" title="Joshua Cohen (writer)">Joshua Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Giraldi" title="William Giraldi">William Giraldi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nell_Freudenberger" title="Nell Freudenberger">Nell Freudenberger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i>Kabbalah and Criticism</i> (1975), Bloom identified <a href="/wiki/Robert_Penn_Warren" title="Robert Penn Warren">Robert Penn Warren</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Merrill" title="James Merrill">James Merrill</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ashbery" title="John Ashbery">John Ashbery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bishop" title="Elizabeth Bishop">Elizabeth Bishop</a> as the most important living American poets. By the 1990s, he regularly named <a href="/wiki/A._R._Ammons" title="A. R. Ammons">A. R. Ammons</a> along with Ashbery and Merrill, and he later identified <a href="/wiki/Henri_Cole" title="Henri Cole">Henri Cole</a> as the crucial American poet of the generation following those three. He expressed great admiration for the Canadian poets <a href="/wiki/Anne_Carson" title="Anne Carson">Anne Carson</a>, particularly her <a href="/wiki/Verse_novel" title="Verse novel">verse novel</a> <i>Autobiography of Red</i>, and <a href="/wiki/A._F._Moritz" title="A. F. Moritz">A. F. Moritz</a>, whom Bloom called "a true poet".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloom also listed <a href="/wiki/Jay_Wright_(poet)" title="Jay Wright (poet)">Jay Wright</a> as one of only a handful of major living poets and the best living American poet after Ashbery's death.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bloom's introduction to <i>Modern Critical Interpretations: Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow</i> (1986) features his canon of the "twentieth-century American Sublime", the greatest works of American art produced in the 20th century. Playwright <a href="/wiki/Tony_Kushner" title="Tony Kushner">Tony Kushner</a> sees Bloom as an important influence on his work.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bloom's work has drawn polarized responses, even among established literary scholars. Bloom was called "probably the most celebrated literary critic in the United States"<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "America's best-known man of letters".<sup id="cite_ref-powells1_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powells1-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1994 <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> article said that many younger critics see Bloom as an "outdated oddity",<sup id="cite_ref-nytbegley_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytbegley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas a 1998 <i>New York Times</i> article called him "one of the most gifted of contemporary critics".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_Wood_(critic)" title="James Wood (critic)">James Wood</a> wrote: "Vatic, repetitious, imprecisely reverential, though never without a peculiar charm of his own – a kind of campiness, in fact – Bloom as a literary critic in the last few years has been largely unimportant."<sup id="cite_ref-powells1_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powells1-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bloom responded to questions about Wood in an interview by saying: "There are period pieces in criticism as there are period pieces in the novel and in poetry. The wind blows and they will go away... There's nothing to the man... I don't want to talk about him".<sup id="cite_ref-vice_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vice-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 21st century, Bloom often found himself at the center of literary controversy after criticizing popular writers such as <a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich">Adrienne Rich</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/David_Foster_Wallace" title="David Foster Wallace">David Foster Wallace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the pages of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Paris_Review" title="The Paris Review">The Paris Review</a></i>, he criticized the <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>-leaning <a href="/wiki/Poetry_slam" title="Poetry slam">poetry slam</a>, saying: "It is the death of art."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/Doris_Lessing" title="Doris Lessing">Doris Lessing</a> received the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>, he bemoaned the "pure political correctness" of the award to an author of "fourth-rate science fiction", while conceding his appreciation of Lessing's earlier work.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MormonVoices, a group associated with <a href="/wiki/FairMormon" class="mw-redirect" title="FairMormon">Foundation for Apologetic Information & Research</a>, included Bloom on its Top Ten Anti-Mormon Statements of 2011 list for saying, "The current head of the Mormon Church, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Monson" title="Thomas S. Monson">Thomas S. Monson</a>, known to his followers as 'prophet, seer and revelator', is indistinguishable from the secular plutocratic oligarchs who exercise power in our supposed democracy."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was despite Bloom's sympathy for <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>, the founding <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a>, whom he called a "religious genius".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Written_works">Written works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Written works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><i>Shelley's Mythmaking</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959.</li> <li><i>The Visionary Company: A Reading of English Romantic Poetry</i>. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1961. Revised and enlarged edn. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1971.</li> <li><i>Blake's Apocalypse: A Study in Poetic Argument</i>. Anchor Books: New York: Doubleday and Co., 1963.</li> <li><i>The Literary Criticism of John Ruskin.</i>; edited with introduction. New York: DoubleDay, 1965.</li> <li><i>Walter Pater: Marius the Epicurean</i>; edition with introduction. New York: New American Library, 1970.</li> <li><i>Romanticism and Consciousness: Essays in Criticism.</i>; edited with introduction. New York: Norton, 1970.</li> <li><i>Yeats</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-501603-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-501603-3">0-19-501603-3</a></li> <li><i>The Ringers in the Tower: Studies in Romantic Tradition</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Anxiety_of_Influence" title="The Anxiety of Influence">The Anxiety of Influence: A Theory of Poetry</a></i>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973; 2nd edn, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-511221-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-511221-0">0-19-511221-0</a></li> <li><i>The Selected Writings of Walter Pater</i>; edition with introduction and notes. New York: New American Library, 1974.</li> <li><i>A Map of Misreading</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975.</li> <li><i>Kabbalah and Criticism</i>. New York : Seabury Press, 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-0242-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-0242-9">0-8264-0242-9</a></li> <li><i>Poetry and Repression: Revisionism from Blake to Stevens</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976.</li> <li><i>Figures of Capable Imagination</i>. New York: Seabury Press, 1976.</li> <li><i>Wallace Stevens: The Poems of our Climate</i>. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1977.</li> <li><i>Deconstruction and Criticism</i>. New York: Seabury Press, 1980.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flight_to_Lucifer" title="The Flight to Lucifer">The Flight to Lucifer: A Gnostic Fantasy</a></i>. New York: Vintage Books, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-74323-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-74323-7">0-394-74323-7</a></li> <li><i>Agon: Towards a Theory of Revisionism</i>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.</li> <li><i>The Breaking of the Vessels</i>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.</li> <li><i>The strong light of the canonical: Kafka, Freud and Scholem as revisionists of Jewish culture and thought</i>. Published by New York: The City College, 1987.</li> <li><i>The Poetics of Influence: New and Selected Criticism</i>. New Haven: Henry R. Schwab, 1988.</li> <li><i>Ruin the Sacred Truths: Poetry and Belief from the Bible to the Present</i>. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989.</li> <li><i>The Book of J: Translated from the Hebrew by David Rosenberg; Interpreted by Harold Bloom</i>. New York: Grove Press, 1990 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-4191-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-4191-9">0-8021-4191-9</a></li> <li><i>The Gospel of Thomas: The Hidden Sayings of Jesus</i>; translation with introduction, critical edition of the Coptic text and notes by Marvin Meyer, with an interpretation by Harold Bloom. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Religion:_The_Emergence_of_the_Post-Christian_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Religion: The Emergence of the Post-Christian Nation">The American Religion: The Emergence of the Post-Christian Nation</a></i>; Touchstone Books; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-86737-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-86737-7">0-671-86737-7</a> (1992; August 1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Canon" title="The Western Canon">The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages</a></i>. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1994.</li> <li><i>Omens of Millennium: The Gnosis of Angels, Dreams, and Resurrection</i>. New York: Riverhead Books, 1996.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare:_The_Invention_of_the_Human" title="Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human">Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human</a></i>. New York: 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57322-751-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-57322-751-X">1-57322-751-X</a></li> <li><i>How to Read and Why</i>. New York: Scribner, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-85906-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-85906-8">0-684-85906-8</a></li> <li><i>Stories and Poems for Extremely Intelligent Children of All Ages</i>. New York: 2001.</li> <li><i>El futur de la imaginació (The Future of the Imagination)</i>. Barcelona: <a href="/wiki/Anagrama" class="mw-redirect" title="Anagrama">Anagrama</a> / Empúries, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-7596-927-5" title="Special:BookSources/84-7596-927-5">84-7596-927-5</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genius:_A_Mosaic_of_One_Hundred_Exemplary_Creative_Minds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genius: A Mosaic of One Hundred Exemplary Creative Minds (page does not exist)">Genius: A Mosaic of One Hundred Exemplary Creative Minds</a></i>. New York: 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-446-52717-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-446-52717-3">0-446-52717-3</a></li> <li><i>Hamlet: Poem Unlimited</i>. New York: 2003.</li> <li><i>The Best Poems of the English Language: From Chaucer Through Frost</i>. New York: 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-054041-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-054041-9">0-06-054041-9</a></li> <li><i>Where Shall Wisdom Be Found?</i> New York: 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57322-284-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-57322-284-4">1-57322-284-4</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jesus_and_Yahweh:_The_Names_Divine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jesus and Yahweh: The Names Divine (page does not exist)">Jesus and Yahweh: The Names Divine</a></i>. 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57322-322-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57322-322-0">1-57322-322-0</a></li> <li><i>American Religious Poems: An Anthology By Harold Bloom</i>. 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-931082-74-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-931082-74-X">1-931082-74-X</a></li> <li><i>Fallen Angels</i>, illustrated by Mark Podwal. Yale University Press, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-12348-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-12348-5">0-300-12348-5</a></li> <li><i>Till I End My Song: A Gathering of Last Poems</i> Harper, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-192305-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-192305-2">0-06-192305-2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Anatomy_of_Influence:_Literature_as_a_Way_of_Life&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Anatomy of Influence: Literature as a Way of Life (page does not exist)">The Anatomy of Influence: Literature as a Way of Life</a></i>. Yale University Press, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-16760-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-16760-1">0-300-16760-1</a></li> <li><i>The Shadow of a Great Rock: A Literary Appreciation of The King James Bible</i>. Yale University Press, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-16683-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-16683-4">0-300-16683-4</a></li> <li><i>The Daemon Knows: Literary Greatness and the American Sublime</i>. Spiegel & Grau, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-812-99782-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-812-99782-4">0-812-99782-4</a></li> <li><i>Falstaff: Give Me Life</i>. Scribner, 2017. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6413-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6413-2">978-1-5011-6413-2</a></li> <li><i>Cleopatra: I Am Fire and Air</i>. Scribner, 2017. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6416-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6416-3">978-1-5011-6416-3</a></li> <li><i>Lear: The Great Image of Authority</i>. Scribner, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6419-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6419-4">978-1-5011-6419-4</a></li> <li><i>Iago: The Strategies of Evil</i>. Scribner, 2018. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6422-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6422-4">978-1-5011-6422-4</a></li> <li><i>Macbeth: A Dagger of the Mind</i>. Scribner, 2019. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6425-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6425-5">978-1-5011-6425-5</a></li> <li><i>Possessed by Memory: The Inward Light of Criticism</i>. Knopf, 2019. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-5255-2088-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-5255-2088-7">978-0-5255-2088-7</a></li> <li><i>Take Arms Against a Sea of Troubles: The Power of the Reader's Mind Over a Universe of Death</i>. Yale, 2020. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300247282" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300247282">978-0300247282</a></li> <li><i>The Bright Book of Life: Novels to Read and Re-read</i>. Knopf, 2020. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0525657262" title="Special:BookSources/978-0525657262">978-0525657262</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/12/21/home/stevens-vendler.html">"On Extended Wings"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170815110925/http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/12/21/home/stevens-vendler.html">Archived</a> August 15, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; Wallace Stevens' Longer Poems. By Helen Hennessy Vendler, (Review), <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, October 5, 1969.</li> <li>"Poets' meeting in the heyday of their youth; A Single Summer With Lord Byron", <i>The New York Times</i>, February 15, 1970.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1970/11/22/archives/an-angels-spirit-in-a-decaying-and-active-body.html">"An angel's spirit in a decaying (and active) body"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113948/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/11/22/archives/an-angels-spirit-in-a-decaying-and-active-body.html">Archived</a> July 9, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, November 22, 1970.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1975/11/12/archives/the-use-of-poetry.html">"The Use of Poetry"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113940/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/11/12/archives/the-use-of-poetry.html">Archived</a> July 9, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, November 12, 1975.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1976/04/18/archives/northrop-frye-exalting-the-designs-of-romance-the-secular-scripture.html">"Northrop Frye exalting the designs of romance; The Secular Scripture"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113942/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/04/18/archives/northrop-frye-exalting-the-designs-of-romance-the-secular-scripture.html">Archived</a> July 9, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, April 18, 1976.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/08/04/archives/on-solitude-in-america.html">"On Solitude in America"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113941/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/08/04/archives/on-solitude-in-america.html">Archived</a> July 9, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, August 4, 1977.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/05/archives/the-criticpoet.html">"The Critic/Poet"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113949/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/05/archives/the-criticpoet.html">Archived</a> July 9, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, February 5, 1978.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/07/22/archives/a-fusion-of-traditions-rosenberg.html">"A Fusion of Traditions: The Collected Works of Isaac Rosenberg"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113940/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/07/22/archives/a-fusion-of-traditions-rosenberg.html">Archived</a> July 9, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, July 22, 1979.</li> <li>"Straight Forth Out of Self", <i>The New York Times</i>, June 22, 1980.</li> <li>"The Heavy Burden of the Past; Poets", <i>The New York Times</i>, January 4, 1981.</li> <li>"The Pictures of the Poet; The Painting and Drawings of William Blake, by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Butlin" title="Martin Butlin">Martin Butlin</a>. Vol. I, Text. Vol. II, Plates" (review), <i>The New York Times</i>, January 3, 1982.</li> <li>"A Novelist's Bible; The Story of the Stories, The Chosen People and Its God. By Dan Jacobson" (review), <i>The New York Times</i>, October 17, 1982.</li> <li>"Isaac Bashevis Singer's Jeremiad; The Penitent, By Isaac Bashevis Singer" (review), <i>The New York Times</i>, September 25, 1983.</li> <li>"Domestic Derangements; A Late Divorce, By A. B. Yehoshua Translated by Hillel Halkin" (review), <i>The New York Times</i>, February 19, 1984.</li> <li>"War Within the Walls; In the Freud Archives, By Janet Malcolm" (review), <i>The New York Times</i>, May 27, 1984.</li> <li>"His Long Ordeal by Laughter; Zuckerman Bound, A Trilogy and Epilogue. By Philip Roth" (review), <i>The New York Times</i>, May 19, 1985.</li> <li>"A Comedy of Worldly Salvation; The Good Apprentice, By Iris Murdoch" (review), <i>The New York Times</i>, January 12, 1986.</li> <li>"Freud, the Greatest Modern Writer" (review), <i>The New York Times</i>, March 23, 1986.</li> <li>"Passionate Beholder of America in Trouble; Look Homeward, A Life of Thomas Wolfe. By David Herbert Donald" (review), <i>The New York Times</i>, February 8, 1987.</li> <li>"The Book of the Father; The Messiah of Stockholm, By Cynthia Ozick" (review), <i>The New York Times</i>, March 22, 1987.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/31/books/still-haunted-by-covenant.html?pagewanted=all">Still Haunted by Covenant"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113941/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/31/books/still-haunted-by-covenant.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> July 9, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (review), <i>The New York Times</i>, January 31, 1988.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/26/opinion/new-heyday-of-gnostic-heresies.html?pagewanted=all">"New Heyday of Gnostic Heresies"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709213619/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/26/opinion/new-heyday-of-gnostic-heresies.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> July 9, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, April 26, 1992.</li> <li>"A Jew Among the Cossacks; The first English translation of Isaac Babel's journal about his service with the Russian cavalry. 1920 Diary, By Isaac Babel" (review), <i>The New York Times</i>, June 4, 1995.</li> <li>"Kaddish; By Leon Wieseltier" (review), <i>The New York Times</i>, October 4, 1998.</li> <li>"View; On First Looking into Gates's Crichton", <i>The New York Times</i>, June 4, 2000.</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/06/opinion/what-ho-malvolio.html">What Ho, Malvolio!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113948/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/06/opinion/what-ho-malvolio.html">Archived</a> July 9, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>'; The election, as Shakespeare might have seen it", <i>The New York Times</i>, December 6, 2000.</li> <li>"Macbush" (play), <i>Vanity Fair</i>, April 2004.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20338">"The Lost Jewish Culture"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105202334/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20338">Archived</a> January 5, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i> 54/11 (June 28, 2007) : 44–47 [reviews <i>The Dreams of the Poem: Hebrew Poetry from Muslim and Christian Spain, 950–1492</i>, translated, edited, and with an introduction by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cole" title="Peter Cole">Peter Cole</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22020">"The Glories of Yiddish"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105202530/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22020">Archived</a> January 5, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i> 55/17 (November 6, 2008) [reviews <i>History of the Yiddish Language</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Max_Weinreich" title="Max Weinreich">Max Weinreich</a>, edited by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Glasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Glasser (page does not exist)">Paul Glasser</a>, translated from the Yiddish by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shlomo_Noble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shlomo Noble (page does not exist)">Shlomo Noble</a> with the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Joshua_A._Fishman" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua A. Fishman">Joshua A. Fishman</a>]</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2009/dec/03/yahweh-meets-r-crumb/">Yahweh Meets R. Crumb</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151004062104/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2009/dec/03/yahweh-meets-r-crumb/">Archived</a> October 4, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a></i>, 56/19 (December 3, 2009) [reviews <i>The Book of Genesis</i>, illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb">R. Crumb</a>]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/13/opinion/sunday/will-this-election-be-the-mormon-breakthrough.html">"Will This Election Be the Mormon Breakthrough?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606184427/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/13/opinion/sunday/will-this-election-be-the-mormon-breakthrough.html">Archived</a> June 6, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, November 12, 2011.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/richard-iii-victim-or-monster-asks-harold-bloom-63257">"Richard III: Victim or Monster? Asks Harold Bloom"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113940/https://www.newsweek.com/richard-iii-victim-or-monster-asks-harold-bloom-63257">Archived</a> July 9, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>, February 11, 2013.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tabletmag.com/jewish-arts-and-culture/books/159759/harold-bloom-peter-cole">Introduction to <i>The Invention of Influence</i> by Peter Cole</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203001048/https://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-arts-and-culture/books/159759/harold-bloom-peter-cole">Archived</a> December 3, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Tablet</i>, January 21, 2014.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference_Series">Reference Series</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Reference Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bloom's Bio Critiques Series, <a href="/wiki/Bloom%27s_Literary_Criticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloom's Literary Criticism">Bloom's Literary Criticism</a><sup id="cite_ref-infobasepublishing/Booklist-Blooms_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infobasepublishing/Booklist-Blooms-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bloom's Modern Critical Interpretations Series, <a href="/wiki/Bloom%27s_Literary_Criticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloom's Literary Criticism">Bloom's Literary Criticism</a><sup id="cite_ref-infobasepublishing/Booklist-Blooms_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infobasepublishing/Booklist-Blooms-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bloom's Major Short Story Writers Series, <a href="/wiki/Bloom%27s_Literary_Criticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloom's Literary Criticism">Bloom's Literary Criticism</a><sup id="cite_ref-infobasepublishing/Booklist-Blooms_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infobasepublishing/Booklist-Blooms-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Covering_cherub" title="Covering cherub">Covering cherub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_thinkers_influenced_by_deconstruction" title="List of thinkers influenced by deconstruction">List of thinkers influenced by deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_resentment" class="mw-redirect" title="School of resentment">School of resentment</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.yale.edu/faculty-staff/harold-bloom">"Faculty – English"</a>. <i>Yale University</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322091147/https://english.yale.edu/faculty-staff/harold-bloom">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yale+University&rft.atitle=Faculty+%E2%80%93+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.yale.edu%2Ffaculty-staff%2Fharold-bloom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780190221911/obo-9780190221911-0005.xml">"Harold Bloom"</a>. <i>Oxford Bibliographies</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221019173558/https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780190221911/obo-9780190221911-0005.xml">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Bibliographies&rft.atitle=Harold+Bloom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fview%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780190221911%2Fobo-9780190221911-0005.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller" class="citation magazine cs1">Miller, Mary Alice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2015/04/harold-bloom-the-daemon-knows-12-authors">"How Harold Bloom Selected His Top 12 American Authors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712004349/http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2015/04/harold-bloom-the-daemon-knows-12-authors">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=How+Harold+Bloom+Selected+His+Top+12+American+Authors&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Mary+Alice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fculture%2F2015%2F04%2Fharold-bloom-the-daemon-knows-12-authors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chronicle.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chronicle.com_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomano2011" class="citation journal cs1">Romano, Carlin (April 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chronicle.com/article/Harold-Bloom-by-the-Numbers/127211/">"Harold Bloom by the Numbers – The Chronicle Review"</a>. <i>The Chronicle of Higher Education</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190409154106/https://www.chronicle.com/article/Harold-Bloom-by-the-Numbers/127211">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Harold+Bloom+by+the+Numbers+%E2%80%93+The+Chronicle+Review&rft.date=2011-04-24&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=Carlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchronicle.com%2Farticle%2FHarold-Bloom-by-the-Numbers%2F127211%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytbegley-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytbegley_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytbegley_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBegley1994" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Begley" title="Adam Begley">Begley, Adam</a> (September 24, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/11/01/specials/bloom-colossus.html">"Review: Colossus Among Critics: Harold Bloom"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170823145745/http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/11/01/specials/bloom-colossus.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Colossus+Among+Critics%3A+Harold+Bloom&rft.date=1994-09-24&rft.aulast=Begley&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F11%2F01%2Fspecials%2Fbloom-colossus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Harold+Bloom&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211220165242/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Harold+Bloom&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=APS+Member+History&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DHarold%2BBloom%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTObit-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTObit_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2019" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Dinitia (October 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/14/books/harold-bloom-dead.html">"Harold Bloom, Critic Who Championed Western Canon, Dies at 89"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014201658/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/14/books/harold-bloom-dead.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Harold+Bloom%2C+Critic+Who+Championed+Western+Canon%2C+Dies+at+89&rft.date=2019-10-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Dinitia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F10%2F14%2Fbooks%2Fharold-bloom-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herman2003-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Herman2003_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedfield2003" class="citation book cs1">Redfield, Marc (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O165_qUlm5wC&pg=PA230">"Literature, Incorporated"</a>. In Herman, Peter C. (ed.). <i>Historicizing Theory</i>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/SUNY_Press" title="SUNY Press">SUNY Press</a>. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-5962-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-5962-1"><bdi>978-0-7914-5962-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Literature%2C+Incorporated&rft.btitle=Historicizing+Theory&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-5962-1&rft.aulast=Redfield&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO165_qUlm5wC%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2006" class="citation news cs1">Collins, Glenn (January 16, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/16/nyregion/16library.html">"New Bronx Library Meets Old Need"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090417073522/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/16/nyregion/16library.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Bronx+Library+Meets+Old+Need&rft.date=2006-01-16&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F01%2F16%2Fnyregion%2F16library.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enotes.com/topics/harold-bloom">"Harold Bloom Biography – eNotes.com"</a>. <i>eNotes</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191123004629/https://www.enotes.com/topics/harold-bloom">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eNotes&rft.atitle=Harold+Bloom+Biography+%E2%80%93+eNotes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enotes.com%2Ftopics%2Fharold-bloom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kcrw.com/etc/programs/bw/bw111020harold_bloom_the_sha">"Harold Bloom: The Shadow of a Great Rock"</a>. <i>Bookworm</i>. KCRW. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407112857/http://www.kcrw.com/etc/programs/bw/bw111020harold_bloom_the_sha">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bookworm&rft.atitle=Harold+Bloom%3A+The+Shadow+of+a+Great+Rock&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kcrw.com%2Fetc%2Fprograms%2Fbw%2Fbw111020harold_bloom_the_sha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins,_Glenn2006" class="citation news cs1">Collins, Glenn (January 16, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/16/nyregion/16library.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">"New Bronx Library Meets Old Need"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141108193633/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/16/nyregion/16library.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Bronx+Library+Meets+Old+Need&rft.date=2006-01-16&rft.au=Collins%2C+Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F01%2F16%2Fnyregion%2F16library.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom,_Harold2004" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Harold (2004). <i>The Best Poems of the English Language: From Chaucer Through Robert Frost</i>. HarperCollins. p. 1942.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Best+Poems+of+the+English+Language%3A+From+Chaucer+Through+Robert+Frost&rft.pages=1942&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Bloom%2C+Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/american-literature-biographies/harold-bloom">"Harold Bloom facts, information, pictures – Encyclopedia.com articles about Harold Bloom"</a>. <i>www.encyclopedia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180501004938/https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/american-literature-biographies/harold-bloom">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Harold+Bloom+facts%2C+information%2C+pictures+%E2%80%93+Encyclopedia.com+articles+about+Harold+Bloom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fpeople%2Fliterature-and-arts%2Famerican-literature-biographies%2Fharold-bloom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=phhhHT64kIMC&pg=PA60"><i>International Who's Who of Authors and Writers 2004</i></a> (19th ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Europa_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa Publications">Europa Publications</a>. 2003. p. 60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-179-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85743-179-7"><bdi>978-1-85743-179-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Who%27s+Who+of+Authors+and+Writers+2004&rft.place=London&rft.pages=60&rft.edition=19th&rft.pub=Europa+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-85743-179-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DphhhHT64kIMC%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold Bloom, "Introduction" in Harold Bloom (ed.), <i>C.S. Lewis</i> (New York: Chelsea House, 2006), p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanenhaus2011" class="citation news cs1">Tanenhaus, Sam (May 20, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/22/books/review/book-review-the-anatomy-of-influence-by-harold-bloom.html">"Harold Bloom: An Uncommon Reader"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151004101258/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/22/books/review/book-review-the-anatomy-of-influence-by-harold-bloom.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Harold+Bloom%3A+An+Uncommon+Reader&rft.date=2011-05-20&rft.aulast=Tanenhaus&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F05%2F22%2Fbooks%2Freview%2Fbook-review-the-anatomy-of-influence-by-harold-bloom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ralston.ac/">"Collegium Ralstonianum apud Savannenses – Home"</a>. <i>Ralston.ac</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416012053/https://www.ralston.ac/">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ralston.ac&rft.atitle=Collegium+Ralstonianum+apud+Savannenses+%E2%80%93+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ralston.ac%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFish2010" class="citation news cs1">Fish, Stanley (November 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/08/the-woe-is-us-books/">"The Woe-Is-Us Books"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110116080332/http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/08/the-woe-is-us-books/">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Woe-Is-Us+Books&rft.date=2010-11-08&rft.aulast=Fish&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopinionator.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F08%2Fthe-woe-is-us-books%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2012" class="citation journal cs1">Bloom, Harold (February 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/feb/23/grand-comedian-visits-bible/?pagination=false">"The Grand Comedian Visits the Bible by Harold Bloom"</a>. <i>The New York Review of Books</i>. <b>59</b> (3). Nybooks.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407084953/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2012/feb/23/grand-comedian-visits-bible/?pagination=false">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=The+Grand+Comedian+Visits+the+Bible+by+Harold+Bloom&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2012-02-23&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2Farchives%2F2012%2Ffeb%2F23%2Fgrand-comedian-visits-bible%2F%3Fpagination%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimesobit-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latimesobit_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latimesobit_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoo2019" class="citation web cs1">Woo, Elaine (October 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/obituaries/story/2019-10-14/harold-bloom-dead">"Harold Bloom, author of 'Anxiety of Influence' who fought modern trends, dies at 89"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191015225905/https://www.latimes.com/obituaries/story/2019-10-14/harold-bloom-dead">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Harold+Bloom%2C+author+of+%27Anxiety+of+Influence%27+who+fought+modern+trends%2C+dies+at+89&rft.date=2019-10-14&rft.aulast=Woo&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fobituaries%2Fstory%2F2019-10-14%2Fharold-bloom-dead&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura2005" class="citation web cs1">Laura, Quinney (November 27, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/bloom_hartman/bloom/bloom.html">"An Interview with Harold Bloom"</a>. <i>Romantic Circles</i>. University of Colorado Boulder. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180328102501/https://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/bloom_hartman/bloom/bloom.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Romantic+Circles&rft.atitle=An+Interview+with+Harold+Bloom&rft.date=2005-11-27&rft.aulast=Laura&rft.aufirst=Quinney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rc.umd.edu%2Fpraxis%2Fbloom_hartman%2Fbloom%2Fbloom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBegley1994" class="citation news cs1">Begley, Adam (September 25, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/11/01/specials/bloom-colossus.html">"Colossus Among Critics: Harold Bloom"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200923192023/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/11/01/specials/bloom-colossus.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Colossus+Among+Critics%3A+Harold+Bloom&rft.date=1994-09-25&rft.aulast=Begley&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F11%2F01%2Fspecials%2Fbloom-colossus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wolf2004-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wolf2004_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf2004" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Wolf" title="Naomi Wolf">Wolf, Naomi</a> (February 20, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/features/n_9932/">"The Silent Treatment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070217042350/http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/features/n_9932/">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=The+Silent+Treatment&rft.date=2004-02-20&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fnymetro%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2Fn_9932%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Time_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'addario2015" class="citation magazine cs1">D'addario, Daniel (May 11, 2015). "10 Questions with Harold Bloom". <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=10+Questions+with+Harold+Bloom&rft.date=2015-05-11&rft.aulast=D%27addario&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartman2007" class="citation book cs1">Hartman, Geoffrey H. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qSbJWWn8sRUC&pg=PA106"><i>Criticism in the Wilderness: The Study of Literature Today</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300123982" title="Special:BookSources/9780300123982"><bdi>9780300123982</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Criticism+in+the+Wilderness%3A+The+Study+of+Literature+Today&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780300123982&rft.aulast=Hartman&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqSbJWWn8sRUC%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/harold-bloom/yeats/">"YEATS by Harold Bloom"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kirkus_Reviews" title="Kirkus Reviews">www.kirkusreviews.com</a></i>. July 21, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191016120749/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/harold-bloom/yeats/">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kirkusreviews.com&rft.atitle=YEATS+by+Harold+Bloom&rft.date=2019-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirkusreviews.com%2Fbook-reviews%2Fharold-bloom%2Fyeats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801491856/wallace-stevens/">"Wallace Stevens: The Poems of Our Climate"</a>. Cornell University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191016120759/https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9780801491856/wallace-stevens/">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wallace+Stevens%3A+The+Poems+of+Our+Climate&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cornellpress.cornell.edu%2Fbook%2F9780801491856%2Fwallace-stevens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPakenham2003" class="citation web cs1">Pakenham, Michael (March 23, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/2003/03/23/in-full-bloom-2/">"In Full Bloom: Guerrilla In Our Midst"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Baltimore_Sun" title="The Baltimore Sun">The Baltimore Sun</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018021002/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2003-03-23/entertainment/0303240442_1_bloom-dining-room-table">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=In+Full+Bloom%3A+Guerrilla+In+Our+Midst&rft.date=2003-03-23&rft.aulast=Pakenham&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2F2003%2F03%2F23%2Fin-full-bloom-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom1970" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Harold (1970). <i>Yeats</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yeats&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Map of Misreading</i>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Violet_Apple-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Violet_Apple_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.violetapple.org.uk/notes/bloom_flighttolucifer.php">"The Flight to Lucifer review"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130720022245/http://www.violetapple.org.uk/notes/bloom_flighttolucifer.php">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Flight+to+Lucifer+review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.violetapple.org.uk%2Fnotes%2Fbloom_flighttolucifer.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom, Harold, <i>The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages</i>, New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1994, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRust1993" class="citation journal cs1">Rust, Richard Dilworth (1993). "Book review". <i>Journal of Mormon History</i>. <b>19</b> (2): 144–147.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mormon+History&rft.atitle=Book+review&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=144-147&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Rust&rft.aufirst=Richard+Dilworth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom (1996), p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom, Harold. "A Reading", in <i>The Gospel of Thomas: The Hidden Sayings of Jesus</i>. English translation and critical edition of the Coptic text by Marvin W. Meyer. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992, pp. 115 and 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayer, Marvin. "Introduction". The Gospel of Thomas. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meyer (1992), p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Meyer (1992), p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom (1994), p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom (1994), p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vice-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vice_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vice_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson2008" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Pearson_(writer)" title="Jesse Pearson (writer)">Pearson, Jesse</a> (December 2, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/read/harold-bloom-431-v15n12">"Harold Bloom"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014172844/http://www.vice.com/read/harold-bloom-431-v15n12">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=Harold+Bloom&rft.date=2008-12-02&rft.aulast=Pearson&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fread%2Fharold-bloom-431-v15n12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom (1994), pp. 2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom (1994), pp. 24–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harold_Bloom-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harold_Bloom_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harold_Bloom_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/4w4dk3/harold-bloom-431-v15n12">"Harold Bloom"</a>. December 2, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220829221320/https://www.vice.com/en/article/4w4dk3/harold-bloom-431-v15n12">Archived</a> from the original on August 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harold+Bloom&rft.date=2008-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2F4w4dk3%2Fharold-bloom-431-v15n12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom, Harold. <i>Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human</i>. New York: Riverhead, 1998, p. xix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioopensource.org/harold-bloom-on-the-playing-field-of-poetry/">"Harold Bloom: On the Playing Field of Poetry - Open Source with Christopher Lydon"</a>. <i>www.radioopensource.org</i>. July 5, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180328041352/http://radioopensource.org/harold-bloom-on-the-playing-field-of-poetry/">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.radioopensource.org&rft.atitle=Harold+Bloom%3A+On+the+Playing+Field+of+Poetry+-+Open+Source+with+Christopher+Lydon&rft.date=2011-07-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioopensource.org%2Fharold-bloom-on-the-playing-field-of-poetry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/13/opinion/sunday/will-this-election-be-the-mormon-breakthrough.html">"Will This Election Be the Mormon Breakthrough?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606184427/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/13/opinion/sunday/will-this-election-be-the-mormon-breakthrough.html">Archived</a> June 6, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, November 12, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/bloom/interviews.html#roots">"Presidential Lectures: Harold Bloom: Interviews"</a>. <i>prelectur.stanford.edu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060206080320/http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/bloom/interviews.html#roots">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prelectur.stanford.edu&rft.atitle=Presidential+Lectures%3A+Harold+Bloom%3A+Interviews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprelectur.stanford.edu%2Flecturers%2Fbloom%2Finterviews.html%23roots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. H. Abrams. <i>The Fourth Dimension of a Poem</i> (WW Norton, 2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonio_Weiss1991" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Antonio Weiss (Spring 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2225/the-art-of-criticism-no-1-harold-bloom">"Harold Bloom, The Art of Criticism No. 1"</a>. <i>Paris Review</i>. Spring 1991 (118). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210212064346/https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/2225/the-art-of-criticism-no-1-harold-bloom">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paris+Review&rft.atitle=Harold+Bloom%2C+The+Art+of+Criticism+No.+1&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=Spring+1991&rft.issue=118&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Antonio+Weiss&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Finterviews%2F2225%2Fthe-art-of-criticism-no-1-harold-bloom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Fry, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-300/lecture-14">"Engl 300: Introduction To Theory Of Literature"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120422072023/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/engl-300/lecture-14">Archived</a> April 22, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Lecture 14 – Influence. Open Yale lectures on the influence of Bloom and Eliot.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/bloom/interviews.html">"Interview with Harold Bloom"</a>. <i>Stanford Presidential Lectures in the Humanities and Arts</i>. Stanford University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150620021906/http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/bloom/interviews.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Presidential+Lectures+in+the+Humanities+and+Arts&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Harold+Bloom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprelectur.stanford.edu%2Flecturers%2Fbloom%2Finterviews.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span> Excerpted from "Interview: Harold Bloom interviewed by Robert Moynihan" <i>Diacritics : A Review of Contemporary Criticism</i> vol. 13 , No. 3 (Fall, 1983), pp. 57–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://new.bostonreview.net/BR11.1/bloom.html">"Candidates for Survival: A talk with Harold Bloom"</a>, <i>Boston Review</i>, February, 1989; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140315224424/http://new.bostonreview.net/BR11.1/bloom.html">Archived</a> March 15, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2002" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Harold (2002). <i>Genius : a mosaic of one hundred exemplary creative minds</i>. New York: Warner Books. p. 648. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-446-69129-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-446-69129-1"><bdi>0-446-69129-1</bdi></a>. <q>There are a few affinities, except perhaps with the admirable Antonia Byatt, in the generation after: novelists I also now admire, like Will Self, Peter Ackroyd, and John Banville.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genius+%3A+a+mosaic+of+one+hundred+exemplary+creative+minds&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=648&rft.pub=Warner+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-446-69129-1&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2003/09/24/dumbing_down_american_readers/">"Dumbing Down American Readers"</a>, <i>Boston Globe</i>, September 24, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060617015302/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2003/09/24/dumbing_down_american_readers/">Archived</a> June 17, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2003" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Harold (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JsaIP2n6xvgC&pg=PA10">"Preface"</a>. <i>Snake's-hands : the fiction of John Crowley</i>. [Canton, OH]: Cosmos Books. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58715-509-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-58715-509-5"><bdi>1-58715-509-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Preface&rft.btitle=Snake%27s-hands+%3A+the+fiction+of+John+Crowley&rft.place=%5BCanton%2C+OH%5D&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Cosmos+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-58715-509-5&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJsaIP2n6xvgC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://store.deepvellum.org/products/little-big">"Little, Big"</a>. <i>Deep Vellum Publishing</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deep+Vellum+Publishing&rft.atitle=Little%2C+Big&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstore.deepvellum.org%2Fproducts%2Flittle-big&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom,_Harold2020" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Harold (2020). <i>The Bright Book of Life: Novels to Read and Reread</i>. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 504.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bright+Book+of+Life%3A+Novels+to+Read+and+Reread&rft.pages=504&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Bloom%2C+Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollander2002" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_Hollander" title="John Hollander">Hollander, John</a> (2002), "Enriching Shadow: A.F. Moritz's Early Poems", in Moritz, A.F. (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=owHzhPCAEv8C&pg=PA17"><i>Early Poems</i></a>, Toronto: Insomniac Press, p. 17, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781897414774" title="Special:BookSources/9781897414774"><bdi>9781897414774</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Enriching+Shadow%3A+A.F.+Moritz%27s+Early+Poems&rft.btitle=Early+Poems&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Insomniac+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781897414774&rft.aulast=Hollander&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DowHzhPCAEv8C%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold Bloom (ed.), <i>Modern Critical Interpretations: Jay Wright</i>, New York: Chelsea House, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom,_Harold2020" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Harold (2020). <i>Take Arms Against a Sea of Troubles: The Power of the Reader's Mind Over a Universe of Death</i>. Yale University Press. p. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Take+Arms+Against+a+Sea+of+Troubles%3A+The+Power+of+the+Reader%27s+Mind+Over+a+Universe+of+Death&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.au=Bloom%2C+Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harold Bloom (ed.), <i>Modern Critical Interpretations: Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow</i>, New York: Chelsea House, 1986.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKermode2002" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Kermode" title="Frank Kermode">Kermode, Frank</a> (October 12, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2002/oct/12/featuresreviews.guardianreview14">"Review: Genius by Harold Bloom"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170318225617/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2002/oct/12/featuresreviews.guardianreview14">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Genius+by+Harold+Bloom&rft.date=2002-10-12&rft.aulast=Kermode&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2002%2Foct%2F12%2Ffeaturesreviews.guardianreview14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-powells1-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-powells1_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-powells1_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooks" class="citation web cs1">Books, Used, New, and Out of Print Books - We Buy and Sell - Powell's. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.powells.com/review/2006_05_11.html?&PID=18">"Powell's Books - The World's Largest Independent Bookstore"</a>. <i>www.powells.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180328102447/http://www.powells.com/review/2006_05_11.html?&PID=18">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.powells.com&rft.atitle=Powell%27s+Books+-+The+World%27s+Largest+Independent+Bookstore&rft.aulast=Books&rft.aufirst=Used%2C+New%2C+and+Out+of+Print+Books+-+We+Buy+and+Sell+-+Powell%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.powells.com%2Freview%2F2006_05_11.html%3F%26PID%3D18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShapiro1998" class="citation news cs1">Shapiro, James (November 1, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/11/01/reviews/981101.01shapirt.html">"Soul of the Age"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. New York. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828033230/http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/11/01/reviews/981101.01shapirt.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Soul+of+the+Age&rft.date=1998-11-01&rft.aulast=Shapiro&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2F98%2F11%2F01%2Freviews%2F981101.01shapirt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925070808/http://new.bostonreview.net/BR23.3/perloff.html">"Visionary Company"</a>. <i>Boston Review</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://new.bostonreview.net/BR23.3/perloff.html">the original</a> on September 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Review&rft.atitle=Visionary+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnew.bostonreview.net%2FBR23.3%2Fperloff.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Miss <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a> cannot write her way out of a paper bag!" Kenton Robinson, "Foe To Those Who Would Shape Literature To Their Own End Dissent in Bloom" <i><a href="/wiki/Hartford_Courant" title="Hartford Courant">Hartford Courant</a></i> October 4, 1994 E.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoski2011" class="citation news cs1">Koski, Lorna (April 26, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wwd.com/eye/people/the-full-bloom-3592315?full=true">"The Full Harold Bloom"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Wear_Daily" title="Women's Wear Daily">Women's Wear Daily</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130601180208/http://www.wwd.com/eye/people/the-full-bloom-3592315?full=true">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Wear+Daily&rft.atitle=The+Full+Harold+Bloom&rft.date=2011-04-26&rft.aulast=Koski&rft.aufirst=Lorna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wwd.com%2Feye%2Fpeople%2Fthe-full-bloom-3592315%3Ffull%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom, Harold (2009) quoted in Somers-Willett, Susan B.A., <i>The Cultural Politics of Slam Poetry</i>. University of Michigan Press. p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180404003942/http://www.today.com/id/12784353">"U.K.'s Lessing wins Nobel Prize in literature"</a>. <i>msn.com</i>. Associated Press. October 11, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.today.com/id/12784353">the original</a> on April 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=msn.com&rft.atitle=U.K.%27s+Lessing+wins+Nobel+Prize+in+literature&rft.date=2007-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Fid%2F12784353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2012" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Joseph (January 8, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120313151045/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/print/700213557/Group-lists-Top-Ten-Anti-Mormon-Statements-of-2011.html">"Group lists Top Ten Anti-Mormon Statements of 2011"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/print/700213557/Group-lists-Top-Ten-Anti-Mormon-Statements-of-2011.html">the original</a> on March 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Group+lists+Top+Ten+Anti-Mormon+Statements+of+2011&rft.date=2012-01-08&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseretnews.com%2Farticle%2Fprint%2F700213557%2FGroup-lists-Top-Ten-Anti-Mormon-Statements-of-2011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/15/harold-bloom-obituary">"Harold Bloom Obituary"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. October 15, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118095805/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/15/harold-bloom-obituary">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Harold+Bloom+Obituary&rft.date=2019-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2019%2Foct%2F15%2Fharold-bloom-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-infobasepublishing/Booklist-Blooms-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-infobasepublishing/Booklist-Blooms_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-infobasepublishing/Booklist-Blooms_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-infobasepublishing/Booklist-Blooms_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infobasepublishing.com/Booklist.aspx?Imprint=Bloom%27s+Literary+Criticism">"Bloom's Literary Criticism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Infobase_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Infobase Publishing">Infobase Publishing</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113940/https://www.infobasepublishing.com/Booklist.aspx?Imprint=Bloom%27s+Literary+Criticism">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infobase+Publishing&rft.atitle=Bloom%27s+Literary+Criticism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infobasepublishing.com%2FBooklist.aspx%3FImprint%3DBloom%2527s%2BLiterary%2BCriticism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen,_Graham1994" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Graham (1994). <i>Harold Bloom: Poetics of Conflict</i>. New York, NY: Harvester Wheatsheaf.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harold+Bloom%3A+Poetics+of+Conflict&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Harvester+Wheatsheaf&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Allen%2C+Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasbanes2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_A._Basbanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas A. Basbanes">Basbanes, Nicholas A.</a> (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/everybookitsread00basb"><i>Every Book Its Reader: The Power of the Printed Word to Stir the World</i></a></span>. New York: HarperCollins. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/everybookitsread00basb/page/224">224–238</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780060593230" title="Special:BookSources/9780060593230"><bdi>9780060593230</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Every+Book+Its+Reader%3A+The+Power+of+the+Printed+Word+to+Stir+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=224-238&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780060593230&rft.aulast=Basbanes&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feverybookitsread00basb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBielik-Robson,_Agata2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Agata_Bielik-Robson" title="Agata Bielik-Robson">Bielik-Robson, Agata</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nupress.northwestern.edu/Title/tabid/68/ISBN/0-8101-2728-8/Default.aspx"><i>The Saving Lie: Harold Bloom and Deconstruction</i></a>. Northwestern. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8101-2728-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8101-2728-9"><bdi>978-0-8101-2728-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Saving+Lie%3A+Harold+Bloom+and+Deconstruction&rft.pub=Northwestern&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8101-2728-9&rft.au=Bielik-Robson%2C+Agata&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nupress.northwestern.edu%2FTitle%2Ftabid%2F68%2FISBN%2F0-8101-2728-8%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom,_Harold2003" class="citation news cs1">Bloom, Harold (May 24, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,12084,962070,00.html">"The sage of Concord"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080625101842/http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,12084,962070,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+sage+of+Concord&rft.date=2003-05-24&rft.au=Bloom%2C+Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.guardian.co.uk%2Freview%2Fstory%2F0%2C12084%2C962070%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom,_Harold" class="citation news cs1">Bloom, Harold. "Article on Ralph Waldo Emerson". <i><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Unlimited" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian Unlimited">Guardian Unlimited</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Unlimited&rft.atitle=Article+on+Ralph+Waldo+Emerson&rft.au=Bloom%2C+Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom,_Harold" class="citation web cs1">Bloom, Harold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/bloom/interviews.html">"Excerpts from various Bloom interviews"</a>. <i>The Stanford Presidential Lecture Series</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060206080320/http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/bloom/interviews.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Stanford+Presidential+Lecture+Series&rft.atitle=Excerpts+from+various+Bloom+interviews&rft.au=Bloom%2C+Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprelectur.stanford.edu%2Flecturers%2Fbloom%2Finterviews.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom,_Harold2003" class="citation news cs1">Bloom, Harold (September 24, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2003/09/24/dumbing_down_american_readers/">"Dumbing down American readers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060617015302/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2003/09/24/dumbing_down_american_readers/">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Dumbing+down+American+readers&rft.date=2003-09-24&rft.au=Bloom%2C+Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fglobe%2Feditorial_opinion%2Foped%2Farticles%2F2003%2F09%2F24%2Fdumbing_down_american_readers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom,_Harold2000" class="citation news cs1">Bloom, Harold (July 11, 2000). "Can 35 Million Book Buyers Be Wrong? Yes". <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Can+35+Million+Book+Buyers+Be+Wrong%3F+Yes&rft.date=2000-07-11&rft.au=Bloom%2C+Harold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span> His famous criticism of the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter" title="Harry Potter">Harry Potter</a> series.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom,_Harold2008" class="citation news cs1">Bloom, Harold (October 12, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/12/opinion/12bloom.html">"Out of Panic, Self-Reliance"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230531033750/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/12/opinion/12bloom.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Out+of+Panic%2C+Self-Reliance&rft.date=2008-10-12&rft.au=Bloom%2C+Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F10%2F12%2Fopinion%2F12bloom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom,_Harold" class="citation web cs1">Bloom, Harold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/authors/1343">"List of Bloom's contributions to <i>The New York Review of Books</i>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090714032940/http://www.nybooks.com/authors/1343">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=List+of+Bloom%27s+contributions+to+The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.au=Bloom%2C+Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Fauthors%2F1343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Harold Bloom 1930–". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contemporarylite24detr"><i>Contemporary Literary Criticism</i></a></span>. Contemporary Literary Criticism Series. Vol. 24. Detroit: Gale. 1983. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contemporarylite24detr/page/70">70</a>–83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810301115" title="Special:BookSources/9780810301115"><bdi>9780810301115</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Harold+Bloom+1930%E2%80%93&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Literary+Criticism&rft.place=Detroit&rft.series=Contemporary+Literary+Criticism+Series&rft.pages=70-83&rft.pub=Gale&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780810301115&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontemporarylite24detr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Burrow, Colin, "The Magic Bloomschtick" (review of Harold Bloom, <i>The American Canon: Literary Genius from Emerson to Pynchon</i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/David_Mikics" title="David Mikics">David Mikics</a>, Library of America, October 2019, 426 pp., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B1%2B59853%2B640%2B9" title="Special:BookSources/978+1+59853+640+9">978 1 59853 640 9</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a></i>, vol. 41, no. 22 (21 November 2019), pp. 21–25. "Harold Bloom will be remembered as a great provoker – of thought, of laughter, and of resistance. He didn't permanently reconfigure the literary landscape, but the idiosyncratic path he tracked across it is one few could follow." (Final two sentences of Burrow's review, p. 25.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Bolla,_Peter1988" class="citation book cs1">De Bolla, Peter (1988). <i>Harold Bloom: Toward Historical Rhetorics</i>. New York, NY: Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harold+Bloom%3A+Toward+Historical+Rhetorics&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1988&rft.au=De+Bolla%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Modern American Critics since 1955". <i>Dictionary of Literary Biography</i>. <b>67</b>. Gale. 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Literary+Biography&rft.atitle=Modern+American+Critics+since+1955&rft.volume=67&rft.date=1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFite,_David1985" class="citation book cs1">Fite, David (1985). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/haroldbloomrheto0000fite"><i>Harold Bloom: The Rhetoric of Romantic Vision</i></a></span>. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870234842" title="Special:BookSources/9780870234842"><bdi>9780870234842</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harold+Bloom%3A+The+Rhetoric+of+Romantic+Vision&rft.place=Amherst&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9780870234842&rft.au=Fite%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fharoldbloomrheto0000fite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoynihan,_Robert1986" class="citation book cs1">Moynihan, Robert (1986). <i>A Recent Imagining: Interviews with Harold Bloom, Geoffrey Hartman, J. Hillis Miller, Paul De Man</i>. Archon.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Recent+Imagining%3A+Interviews+with+Harold+Bloom%2C+Geoffrey+Hartman%2C+J.+Hillis+Miller%2C+Paul+De+Man&rft.pub=Archon&rft.date=1986&rft.au=Moynihan%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaurberg,_Lars_Ole1997" class="citation book cs1">Saurberg, Lars Ole (1997). <i>Versions of the Past—Visions of the Future: The Canonical in the Criticism of T.S. Eliot, F.R. Leavis, Northrop Frye, and Harold Bloom</i>. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Versions+of+the+Past%E2%80%94Visions+of+the+Future%3A+The+Canonical+in+the+Criticism+of+T.S.+Eliot%2C+F.R.+Leavis%2C+Northrop+Frye%2C+and+Harold+Bloom&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Saurberg%2C+Lars+Ole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScherr,_Barry_J.1995" class="citation book cs1">Scherr, Barry J. (1995). <i>D. H. Lawrence's Response to Plato: A Bloomian Interpretation</i>. New York, NY: P. Lang.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D.+H.+Lawrence%27s+Response+to+Plato%3A+A+Bloomian+Interpretation&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=P.+Lang&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Scherr%2C+Barry+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSellarsAllen2007" class="citation book cs1">Sellars, Roy; Allen, Graham, eds. (2007). <i>The Salt Companion to Harold Bloom</i>. <a href="/wiki/Salt_Publishing" title="Salt Publishing">Salt Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781876857202" title="Special:BookSources/9781876857202"><bdi>9781876857202</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Salt+Companion+to+Harold+Bloom&rft.pub=Salt+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781876857202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5048309">"Interview with Bloom on NPR, regarding his book <i>Jesus and Yahweh: The Names Divine</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/All_Things_Considered" title="All Things Considered">All Things Considered</a></i>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302163829/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5048309">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=All+Things+Considered&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Bloom+on+NPR%2C+regarding+his+book+Jesus+and+Yahweh%3A+The+Names+Divine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D5048309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113182909/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/conversation/july-dec00/bloom_8-29.html">"Interview with Bloom regarding his book <i>How to Read and Why</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_NewsHour" class="mw-redirect" title="The NewsHour">The NewsHour</a> with <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lehrer" title="Jim Lehrer">Jim Lehrer</a></i>. 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/conversation/july-dec00/bloom_8-29.html">the original</a> on November 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+NewsHour+with+Jim+Lehrer&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Bloom+regarding+his+book+How+to+Read+and+Why&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fconversation%2Fjuly-dec00%2Fbloom_8-29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061008103336/http://www.claremont.org/writings/crb/spring2006/balint.html">"God and Harold at Yale"</a>. <i>Claremont Review</i>. April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.claremont.org/writings/crb/spring2006/balint.html">the original</a> on October 8, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Claremont+Review&rft.atitle=God+and+Harold+at+Yale&rft.date=2014-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.claremont.org%2Fwritings%2Fcrb%2Fspring2006%2Fbalint.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLesinska,_Ieva2004" class="citation news cs1">Lesinska, Ieva (October 26, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051101222832/http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2005-10-07-bloom-en.html">"Interview regarding <i>Breakfast with Brontosaurus</i>"</a>. <i>Eurozine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2005-10-07-bloom-en.html">the original</a> on November 1, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurozine&rft.atitle=Interview+regarding+Breakfast+with+Brontosaurus&rft.date=2004-10-26&rft.au=Lesinska%2C+Ieva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurozine.com%2Farticles%2F2005-10-07-bloom-en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLydon,_Christopher2003" class="citation web cs1">Lydon, Christopher (September 3, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/lydon/2003/09/03">"Radio interview"</a>. <i>Harvard Law Weblogs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006223049/http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/lydon/2003/09/03">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Law+Weblogs&rft.atitle=Radio+interview&rft.date=2003-09-03&rft.au=Lydon%2C+Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.law.harvard.edu%2Flydon%2F2003%2F09%2F03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothenberg,_Jennie2003" class="citation news cs1">Rothenberg, Jennie (July 16, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/interviews/int2003-07-16.htm">"Interview with Jennie Rothenberg"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202164848/http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/interviews/int2003-07-16.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Jennie+Rothenberg&rft.date=2003-07-16&rft.au=Rothenberg%2C+Jennie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Funbound%2Finterviews%2Fint2003-07-16.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood,_James2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Wood, James (May 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/65417/the-misreader">"The Misreader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113940/https://newrepublic.com/article/65417/the-misreader">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=The+Misreader&rft.date=2006-05-01&rft.au=Wood%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F65417%2Fthe-misreader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Harold_Bloom" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Harold_Bloom" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Harold Bloom">Harold Bloom</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.yale.edu/people/tenured-and-tenure-track-faculty-professors/harold-bloom">Official website</a></span></span> at <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charlierose.com/guests/1576">Harold Bloom</a> on <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Rose_(talk_show)" title="Charlie Rose (talk show)"><i>Charlie Rose</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?51706">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?176255-1/depth-harold-bloom"><i>In Depth</i> interview with Bloom, May 4, 2003</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/harold_bloom/index.html">Harold Bloom</a> collected news and commentary at <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/bloom/">Harold Bloom</a> at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Centers_and_Institutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford University Centers and Institutes">Stanford Presidential Lectures</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOventile2015" class="citation web cs1">Oventile, Robert Savino (August 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.sobriquetmagazine.com/2015/08/anarchic-transports-review-of-harold.html">"Anarchic Transports: A Review of Harold Bloom's <i>The Daemon Knows: Literary Greatness and the American Sublime</i>"</a>. <i>Sobriquet Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sobriquet+Magazine&rft.atitle=Anarchic+Transports%3A+A+Review+of+Harold+Bloom%27s+The+Daemon+Knows%3A+Literary+Greatness+and+the+American+Sublime&rft.date=2015-08-08&rft.aulast=Oventile&rft.aufirst=Robert+Savino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.sobriquetmagazine.com%2F2015%2F08%2Fanarchic-transports-review-of-harold.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOventile2024" class="citation web cs1">Oventile, Robert Savino (January 16, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ballastjournal.com/robert-oventile-2">"Daemonic Muses: A Review of Harold Bloom's and Cormac McCarthy's Final Works"</a>. <i>Ballast Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ballast+Journal&rft.atitle=Daemonic+Muses%3A+A+Review+of+Harold+Bloom%27s+and+Cormac+McCarthy%27s+Final+Works&rft.date=2024-01-16&rft.aulast=Oventile&rft.aufirst=Robert+Savino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballastjournal.com%2Frobert-oventile-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarold+Bloom" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345612#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345612#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345612#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000385505720">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/191378696">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/29758/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwmV6t3qjYVcfgmkPCPcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119176602">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79003258">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120275556">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120275556">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00433571">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35470280">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2005279381&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX911898">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/48556">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068554044">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90086258">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000026489&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000167290&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=62181">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000056894">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199602783">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrtx6gz2s50c8q">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810640015905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/78426">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007311900505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511460006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14336116">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00224631?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/964671">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119176602.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119176602">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028440951">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65734k6">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&oldid=1256045492">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&oldid=1256045492</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1930_births" title="Category:1930 births">1930 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2019_deaths" title="Category:2019 deaths">2019 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_educators" title="Category:20th-century American educators">20th-century American educators</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_writers" title="Category:20th-century American writers">20th-century American writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_academics" title="Category:21st-century American academics">21st-century American academics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_writers" title="Category:21st-century American writers">21st-century American writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Pembroke_College,_Cambridge" title="Category:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge">Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_academics_of_English_literature" title="Category:American academics of English literature">American academics of English literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_literary_critics" title="Category:American literary critics">American literary critics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Belarusian-Jewish_descent" title="Category:American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent">American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Ukrainian-Jewish_descent" title="Category:American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent">American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cornell_University_alumni" title="Category:Cornell University alumni">Cornell University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_American_academics" title="Category:Jewish American academics">Jewish American academics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_scholars" title="Category:Jewish scholars">Jewish scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Literary_critics_of_English" title="Category:Literary critics of English">Literary critics of English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:MacArthur_Fellows" title="Category:MacArthur Fellows">MacArthur Fellows</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Letters" title="Category:Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters">Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_York_University_faculty" title="Category:New York University faculty">New York University faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Shakespearean_scholars" title="Category:Shakespearean scholars">Shakespearean scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Bronx_High_School_of_Science_alumni" title="Category:The Bronx High School of Science alumni">The Bronx High School of Science alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:W._B._Yeats_scholars" title="Category:W. B. Yeats scholars">W. B. Yeats scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:William_Blake_scholars" title="Category:William Blake scholars">William Blake scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_the_Bronx" title="Category:Writers from the Bronx">Writers from the Bronx</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="Category:Writers from New Haven, Connecticut">Writers from New Haven, Connecticut</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yale_Sterling_Professors" title="Category:Yale Sterling Professors">Yale Sterling Professors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yale_Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Sciences_alumni" title="Category:Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni">Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yale_University_faculty" title="Category:Yale University faculty">Yale University faculty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yiddish-speaking_people" title="Category:Yiddish-speaking people">Yiddish-speaking people</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2019" title="Category:Use mdy dates from October 2019">Use mdy dates from October 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_October_2019" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2019">Articles needing additional references from October 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2018" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2018">Articles with dead external links from July 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN" title="Category:People appearing on C-SPAN">People appearing on C-SPAN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 November 2024, at 23:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9nxpb","wgBackendResponseTime":164,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.217","walltime":"1.435","ppvisitednodes":{"value":13577,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":214095,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11552,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":335778,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1268.955 1 -total"," 26.02% 330.198 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.55% 210.046 3 Template:Infobox"," 15.61% 198.057 1 Template:Infobox_writer"," 14.18% 179.924 29 Template:Cite_web"," 11.66% 147.999 28 Template:ISBN"," 6.91% 87.659 28 Template:Catalog_lookup_link"," 6.38% 80.930 21 Template:Cite_news"," 6.21% 78.827 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.03% 76.555 19 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.718","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":10348567,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nhjc4","timestamp":"20241123120829","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Harold Bloom","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harold_Bloom","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q345612","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q345612","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-01-23T04:31:59Z","dateModified":"2024-11-07T23:07:11Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/91\/Harold_Bloom%2C_literary_critic%2C_author%2C_teacher_at_Yale.jpg","headline":"American literary critic, scholar, and writer (1930\u20132019)"}</script> </body> </html>