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has-post-thumbnail hentry" id="post-395"> <header class="entry-header has-text-align-center header-footer-group"> <div class="entry-header-inner section-inner medium"> <h1 class="entry-title">El futuro de la nanotecnología</h1> </div> </header> <div class="post-inner"> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="alignwide flexColumns"> <div class="contentCol"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">El futuro de la nanotecnología</h2> <p>El futuro de la nanotecnología ha sido objeto de especulaciones científicas y no científicas, incluidas visiones distópicas en la cultura popular que predicen nanopartículas autorreplicantes que participarán en ataques masivos contra la humanidad y el medio ambiente. Un ejemplo de tal escenario se da en la popular novela de Michael Crichton. <em>Presa</em> donde la “cosa gris” se autorreplica y abruma al mundo. Este tipo de perspectivas nefastas se han expresado en el pasado, cuando algunas tecnologías entraron en nuestras vidas (por ejemplo, la robótica en las décadas de 1940 y 1950), y los productos de la nanotecnología no son diferentes cuando se trata de especulaciones sobre su impacto en nuestras vidas. Sin embargo, en muchos sentidos, los productos actuales de la nanotecnología son comunes: compuestos reforzados para cuadros de bicicletas, ropa resistente a las manchas, mejores cosméticos y productos sanitarios, y pruebas de diagnóstico médico.</p> <p>Algunos autores que consideran el futuro de la nanotecnología diferencian entre <em>incremental</em> nanotecnología, <em>evolutivo </em>nanotecnología y <em>radical </em>nanotecnología. </p> <p>La nanotecnología incremental está representada, por ejemplo, por el uso de elementos a nanoescala en productos comunes, lo que lleva, como en una aplicación, al desarrollo de mejores pinturas. Hay muchos productos que utilizamos hoy en día que se han mejorado mediante el uso de la nanotecnología. </p> <p>La nanotecnología evolutiva implica aplicaciones más sofisticadas, como la detección y el análisis del medio ambiente mediante nanoestructuras, el procesamiento de señales, las imágenes médicas y la conversión de energía. Los ejemplos incluyen la administración dirigida de fármacos y la mejora de componentes como transistores, células solares, diodos emisores de luz y láseres de diodo. Se esperan mejoras significativas en el área de la informática gracias a la denominada informática evolutiva, que permitirá un procesamiento más rápido, arquitecturas miniaturizadas y un mayor almacenamiento.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="alignleft size-large"><img decoding="async" width="225" height="156" src="https://trynano.ieeenano.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/smdrexel11.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-397"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Microscopía electrónica de barrido de bigotes de carburo de silicio. <em>Crédito de la imagen: Katya Vishnyakova<br>y Gleb Yushin, Drexel</em> <em>Universidad</em></figcaption></figure></div> <p>Muchas de las visiones más atrevidas de la nanotecnología surgen de las ideas originales de Eric Drexler a finales de los años 1980 (<em>Motores de creación: la próxima era de la nanotecnología)</em>. Estos anticipan el desarrollo de estructuras complejas para la fabricación a nanoescala que emplean pequeños robots y vehículos. En ocasiones, los conceptos de estas visiones han sido criticados por su tendencia a traducir arquitecturas y estructuras de otras escalas de mayor longitud a la nanoescala sin prestar suficiente atención al impacto de la escala en las leyes físicas subyacentes; estas leyes a menudo se manifiestan en la nanoescala. diferentemente. </p> <p>Los enfoques alternativos que se propusieron (y que actualmente se están llevando a cabo activamente) incluyen “tomar el liderazgo de la naturaleza”: reemplazar la maquinaria “dura” previamente imaginada (por ejemplo, nanopalancas y engranajes) por materiales blandos utilizando los principios de la nanotecnología observados en células y pequeñas células. organismos. Las ideas relevantes incluyen el uso de “motores moleculares” que se incorporan a nanoestructuras artificiales y la miniaturización de sistemas microelectromecánicos (MEMS) existentes en lo que se ha denominado sistemas nanoelectromecánicos (NEMS).</p> <p>Quizás las mejores ideas sobre el <em>probable</em> El futuro de la nanotecnología es aprender sobre el trabajo de vanguardia que realizan los investigadores de hoy. Obtenga más información leyendo y escuchando <a href="https://trynano.org/es/education-resources/new-developments-in-nanotechnology/">Profesores distinguidos de nanotecnología del IEEE</a> cuyo trabajo refleja los avances que se están logrando hoy!</p> </div> <div class="sidebarCol"> <img src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/futureofnano.jpg" /> <span>Estructura de ilustración 3d de la superficie de grafeno o carbono. Crédito de la imagen: Rost-9/bigstock.com</span> <h3>Leer más</h3> <div class="related-box"> <div class="relative-item"> <a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/is-it-chemistry-is-it-physics/"><img width="300" height="200" src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/extra5-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/extra5-300x200.jpg 300w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/extra5-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/extra5-768x512.jpg 768w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/extra5-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/extra5-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/extra5-600x400.jpg 600w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/extra5-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/extra5-1980x1320.jpg 1980w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/is-it-chemistry-is-it-physics/">¿Es química? ¿Es Física?</a> <div class="excerpt"> ¡La respuesta es sí! La nanotecnología también involucra la biología, varias disciplinas de la ingeniería, la ciencia de los materiales y la medicina. En lo que respecta a las moléculas y los átomos, la nanotecnología puede desempeñar un papel. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </main> <div class="footer-nav-widgets-wrapper header-footer-group"> <a class="to-the-top" href="#site-header"> <span class="to-the-top-long"> Ir arriba <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">↑</span> </span> <span class="to-the-top-short"> Hasta <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">↑</span> </span> </a> <div class="footer-inner section-inner"> <aside class="footer-widgets-outer-wrapper" role="complementary"> <div class="footer-widgets-wrapper"> <div class="footer-widgets"> <div class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="widget_text widget-content"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="/es/education-resources/nanotechnology-glossary/"> <svg version="1.1" id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 512 512" 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M425.5,333.3c-3.9,8.6-15.3,12.4-26.2,14c-2.1-13.2-13.5-23.3-27.2-23.3 c-12.9,0-23.8,8.9-26.7,20.9c-7.8-1.3-16-3.1-24.4-5.1c2-12.5,3.5-25.6,4.5-39.2c20.6-11.4,39.4-23.5,55.6-36 c4.7,3.9,9.2,7.7,13.3,11.6C419.5,299.6,431.1,321,425.5,333.3L425.5,333.3z" /> <path d="M256,214.5c-22.9,0-41.5,18.6-41.5,41.5s18.6,41.5,41.5,41.5s41.5-18.6,41.5-41.5S278.9,214.5,256,214.5z M256,283.8 c-15.3,0-27.8-12.5-27.8-27.8s12.5-27.8,27.8-27.8c15.3,0,27.8,12.5,27.8,27.8S271.3,283.8,256,283.8z" /> </g> </svg></a> <a href="/es/education-resources/university-listings/"><span>Nanogrados</span></a> </div></div></div><div class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="widget_text widget-content"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="/es/nanotechnology-for-students/"><svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 512 512" style="enable-background:new 0 0 512 512;" xml:space="preserve"> <g 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M312,232c0-4.4,3.6-8,8-8h104c4.4,0,8,3.6,8,8 v64c0,4.4-3.6,8-8,8h-56c-2.1,0-4.2,0.8-5.7,2.3L344,324.7V312c0-4.4-3.6-8-8-8h-16c-4.4,0-8-3.6-8-8V232z" /> <rect x="328" y="240" width="88" height="16" /> <rect x="328" y="272" width="88" height="16" /> </g> </svg></a> <a href="/es/nanotechnology-for-students/"><span>Estudiantes</span></a></div></div></div><div class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="widget_text widget-content"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="/es/nanotechnology-for-professionals/"><svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 496 496" style="enable-background:new 0 0 496 496;" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M216,120c-52.9,0-96,43.1-96,96s43.1,96,96,96s96-43.1,96-96S268.9,120,216,120z M216,136c43.5,0,78.9,34.9,79.9,78.1 l-50.1,22.5c-4.6-12-16.2-20.6-29.8-20.6c-13.6,0-25.1,8.5-29.8,20.4l-50.1-23.6C137.8,170.2,172.9,136,216,136z M232,248 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