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d="M20,4H4C2.895,4,2,4.895,2,6v12c0,1.105,0.895,2,2,2h16c1.105,0,2-0.895,2-2V6C22,4.895,21.105,4,20,4z M20,8.236l-8,4.882 L4,8.236V6h16V8.236z"></path></svg></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main id="site-content" role="main"> <div class="page-header" style="background-image:url(https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/nano-feature.jpg); "> <div class="section-inner"> <h1 class="title-header">Nanomateriales</h1> </div> </div> <article class="post-408 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry" id="post-408"> <header class="entry-header has-text-align-center header-footer-group"> <div class="entry-header-inner section-inner medium"> <h1 class="entry-title">Nanomateriales</h1> <div class="intro-text section-inner max-percentage small"> <p>En los “nanomateriales”, el tamaño y la forma de los dominios muy pequeños que componen el material en masa afectan sus propiedades.</p> </div> </div> </header> <div class="post-inner"> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="alignwide flexColumns"> <div class="contentCol"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Nanomateriales</h2> <p>Imagine poder ver la estructura microscópica de un material y darse cuenta de que está compuesto por muchos patrones periódicos de átomos o moléculas del orden de 100 nm o menos.</p> <p>La forma y el tamaño de esos pequeños patrones pueden afectar las propiedades físicas del material que los contiene. Por ejemplo, las nanopartículas de oro que difieren sólo en su tamaño y forma interactúan con la luz de manera diferente que los trozos de oro más grandes. El resultado es que las nanopartículas de oro muestran colores diferentes al que normalmente asociamos con el oro.</p> <p>En los “nanomateriales”, el tamaño y la forma de los dominios muy pequeños que componen el material en masa afectan sus propiedades. Las propiedades físicas (como el color o la conductividad eléctrica) dependen del tamaño y la forma de los dominios a nanoescala y a menudo son el resultado de <em>superficie</em> y <em>interfaz </em>interacciones entre los dominios y los medios circundantes.</p> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="alignleft size-large"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="282" height="210" src="https://trynano.ieeenano.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img13.gif" alt="" class="wp-image-410"/><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Una torre de nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiples. <br><em>Crédito de la imagen: Centro Ames de Nanotecnología de la NASA</em></figcaption></figure></div> <p>Los materiales que se componen de muchas estructuras pequeñas suelen tener una superficie muy grande. La razón es que las áreas superficiales de las muchas estructuras pequeñas juntas contribuyen a una superficie muy grande del material a granel. Por ejemplo, si un trozo de material del tamaño de una caja de zapatos se dividiera en esferas de 2 nm de diámetro, estas esferas contribuirían a un área de superficie de la caja de zapatos que correspondería al área de 10.000 campos de fútbol. No es sorprendente que cuando el área de superficie es tan grande, las propiedades físicas estén dominadas por las interacciones superficiales.</p> <p>Los nanomateriales vienen en muchas variedades. Algunos ejemplos de materiales que exhiben propiedades interesantes en la nanoescala son <a href="http://trynano.org/es/nanomaterials/carbon-nanotubes/">nanotubos de carbon</a>, <a href="http://trynano.org/es/nanomaterials/inorganic-nanowires/">nanocables inorgánicos</a>, <a href="http://trynano.org/es/nanomaterials/dendrimers/">dendrímeros</a>, <a href="http://trynano.org/es/nanomaterials/nanoparticles/">nanopartículas</a>, <a href="http://trynano.org/es/nanomaterials/graphene/">grafeno</a>, y <a href="http://trynano.org/es/nanomaterials/quantum-dots/">puntos cuánticos</a>.</p> <section class="gb-block-post-grid featuredpage alignwide"><div class="gb-post-grid-items is-list"><article id="post-411" class="gb-post-grid-item post-411 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"><div class="gb-block-post-grid-image"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/carbon-nanotubes/" rel="bookmark" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><img decoding="async" width="600" height="338" src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/carbonnanotubes-scaled.jpg" class="attachment-gb-block-post-grid-landscape size-gb-block-post-grid-landscape" alt="" srcset="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/carbonnanotubes-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/carbonnanotubes-300x169.jpg 300w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/carbonnanotubes-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/carbonnanotubes-768x432.jpg 768w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/carbonnanotubes-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/carbonnanotubes-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/carbonnanotubes-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/carbonnanotubes-1980x1114.jpg 1980w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a></div><div class="gb-block-post-grid-text"><header class="gb-block-post-grid-header"><h3 class="gb-block-post-grid-title"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/carbon-nanotubes/" rel="bookmark">Nanotubos de carbon</a></h3></header><div class="gb-block-post-grid-excerpt"><p>Un nanotubo de carbono (CNT) es una forma tubular de carbono con un diámetro tan pequeño como 0,4 nm y una longitud que va desde unos pocos nanómetros hasta un milímetro.</p> <p><a class="gb-block-post-grid-more-link gb-text-link" href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/carbon-nanotubes/" rel="bookmark">Aprende más <span class="screen-reader-text">Nanotubos de carbon</span></a></p></div></div></article> <article id="post-413" class="gb-post-grid-item post-413 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"><div class="gb-block-post-grid-image"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/graphene/" rel="bookmark" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><img decoding="async" width="600" height="370" src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/graphene-scaled.jpg" class="attachment-gb-block-post-grid-landscape size-gb-block-post-grid-landscape" alt="" srcset="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/graphene-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/graphene-300x185.jpg 300w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/graphene-1024x632.jpg 1024w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/graphene-768x474.jpg 768w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/graphene-1536x948.jpg 1536w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/graphene-2048x1264.jpg 2048w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/graphene-1200x740.jpg 1200w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/graphene-1980x1222.jpg 1980w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a></div><div class="gb-block-post-grid-text"><header class="gb-block-post-grid-header"><h3 class="gb-block-post-grid-title"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/graphene/" rel="bookmark">Grafeno</a></h3></header><div class="gb-block-post-grid-excerpt"><p>El grafeno es un material bidimensional de un átomo de espesor que consta de átomos de carbono densamente empaquetados en una red cristalina en forma de panal. </p> <p><a class="gb-block-post-grid-more-link gb-text-link" href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/graphene/" rel="bookmark">Aprende más <span class="screen-reader-text">Grafeno</span></a></p></div></div></article> <article id="post-415" class="gb-post-grid-item post-415 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"><div class="gb-block-post-grid-image"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/inorganic-nanowires/" rel="bookmark" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="533" height="400" src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanowires-scaled.jpg" class="attachment-gb-block-post-grid-landscape size-gb-block-post-grid-landscape" alt="" srcset="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanowires-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanowires-300x225.jpg 300w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanowires-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanowires-768x576.jpg 768w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanowires-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanowires-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanowires-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanowires-1980x1485.jpg 1980w" sizes="(max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px" /></a></div><div class="gb-block-post-grid-text"><header class="gb-block-post-grid-header"><h3 class="gb-block-post-grid-title"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/inorganic-nanowires/" rel="bookmark">Nanocables inorgánicos</a></h3></header><div class="gb-block-post-grid-excerpt"><p>Los nanocables inorgánicos pueden tener diámetros de 1 a 50 nm y cualquier longitud deseable, quizás hasta un micrómetro. Ofrecen interesantes propiedades electrónicas, ópticas y de otro tipo, y pueden usarse en el futuro para vincular componentes diminutos en circuitos a pequeña escala. </p> <p><a class="gb-block-post-grid-more-link gb-text-link" href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/inorganic-nanowires/" rel="bookmark">Aprende más <span class="screen-reader-text">Nanocables inorgánicos</span></a></p></div></div></article> <article id="post-417" class="gb-post-grid-item post-417 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"><div class="gb-block-post-grid-image"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/dendrimers/" rel="bookmark" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="600" height="372" src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoislands.jpg" class="attachment-gb-block-post-grid-landscape size-gb-block-post-grid-landscape" alt="" srcset="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoislands.jpg 960w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoislands-300x186.jpg 300w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoislands-768x476.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a></div><div class="gb-block-post-grid-text"><header class="gb-block-post-grid-header"><h3 class="gb-block-post-grid-title"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/dendrimers/" rel="bookmark">Dendrímeros</a></h3></header><div class="gb-block-post-grid-excerpt"><p>Mientras que los polímeros típicos se ejecutan como cadenas lineales, los dendrímeros son polímeros parecidos a árboles. Se ramifican desde un núcleo central y exhiben una superficie densa que rodea un núcleo relativamente hueco. Son una serie de capas químicas construidas sobre una pequeña molécula central.</p> <p><a class="gb-block-post-grid-more-link gb-text-link" href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/dendrimers/" rel="bookmark">Aprende más <span class="screen-reader-text">Dendrímeros</span></a></p></div></div></article> <article id="post-419" class="gb-post-grid-item post-419 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"><div class="gb-block-post-grid-image"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/nanoparticles/" rel="bookmark" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="571" height="400" src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoparticles-scaled.jpg" class="attachment-gb-block-post-grid-landscape size-gb-block-post-grid-landscape" alt="" srcset="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoparticles-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoparticles-300x210.jpg 300w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoparticles-1024x717.jpg 1024w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoparticles-768x538.jpg 768w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoparticles-1536x1075.jpg 1536w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoparticles-2048x1434.jpg 2048w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoparticles-1200x840.jpg 1200w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoparticles-1980x1386.jpg 1980w" sizes="(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px" /></a></div><div class="gb-block-post-grid-text"><header class="gb-block-post-grid-header"><h3 class="gb-block-post-grid-title"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/nanoparticles/" rel="bookmark">Nanopartículas</a></h3></header><div class="gb-block-post-grid-excerpt"><p>Las nanopartículas (de tamaño entre 1 y 100 nanómetros) se consideran un puente entre los materiales a granel y las estructuras atómicas o moleculares.</p> <p><a class="gb-block-post-grid-more-link gb-text-link" href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/nanoparticles/" rel="bookmark">Aprende más <span class="screen-reader-text">Nanopartículas</span></a></p></div></div></article> <article id="post-421" class="gb-post-grid-item post-421 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry"><div class="gb-block-post-grid-image"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/quantum-dots/" rel="bookmark" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="559" height="400" src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanodot.jpg" class="attachment-gb-block-post-grid-landscape size-gb-block-post-grid-landscape" alt="" srcset="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanodot.jpg 997w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanodot-300x215.jpg 300w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanodot-768x549.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px" /></a></div><div class="gb-block-post-grid-text"><header class="gb-block-post-grid-header"><h3 class="gb-block-post-grid-title"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/quantum-dots/" rel="bookmark">Puntos cuánticos</a></h3></header><div class="gb-block-post-grid-excerpt"><p>Nanopuntos de Cr depositados por AFM. James E. Morris y Hui She (2004)</p> <p><a class="gb-block-post-grid-more-link gb-text-link" href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/quantum-dots/" rel="bookmark">Aprende más <span class="screen-reader-text">Puntos cuánticos</span></a></p></div></div></article> </div></section> <p></p> </div> <div class="sidebarCol"> <img src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials.jpg" /> <span>Patrón de estructura poligonal de 6 lados de nanogeometría hexagonal como alótropos de nanotubos de carbono. Crédito de la imagen: Quality Stock Arts/bigstock.com</span> <h3>Leer más</h3> <div class="related-box"> <div class="relative-item"> <a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanoscale-properties/"><img width="300" height="101" src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoscaleproperties-300x101.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoscaleproperties-300x101.jpg 300w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoscaleproperties-1024x345.jpg 1024w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoscaleproperties-768x259.jpg 768w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoscaleproperties-1536x518.jpg 1536w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoscaleproperties-2048x690.jpg 2048w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoscaleproperties-1200x404.jpg 1200w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanoscaleproperties-1980x667.jpg 1980w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanoscale-properties/">Propiedades a nanoescala</a> <div class="excerpt"> Las propiedades de los materiales a nanoescala son diferentes en muchos casos de las propiedades de los materiales observadas en otras escalas. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </main> <div class="footer-nav-widgets-wrapper header-footer-group"> <a class="to-the-top" href="#site-header"> <span class="to-the-top-long"> Ir arriba <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">↑</span> </span> <span class="to-the-top-short"> Hasta <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">↑</span> </span> </a> <div class="footer-inner section-inner"> <aside class="footer-widgets-outer-wrapper" role="complementary"> 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M93.9,51.2c-9.4,0-17.1-7.7-17.1-17.1c0-9.4,7.7-17.1,17.1-17.1c9.4,0,17.1,7.7,17.1,17.1C110.9,43.5,103.3,51.2,93.9,51.2z" /> </g> </g> <g> <g> <path d="M93.9,51.2c-4.7,0-8.5,3.8-8.5,8.5v59.7c0,4.7,3.8,8.5,8.5,8.5s8.5-3.8,8.5-8.5V59.7C102.4,55,98.6,51.2,93.9,51.2z" /> </g> </g> </svg></a> <a href="https://ieeenano.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>IEEE NTC</span></a></div></div></div><div class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="widget_text widget-content"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/education-resources/university-listings/"><svg version="1.1" id="atom" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 512 512" style="enable-background:new 0 0 512 512;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M403.8,266.3c-3.7-3.4-7.6-6.9-11.7-10.3c4.1-3.4,8-6.9,11.7-10.3c30.9-28.8,42.7-53.9,34.1-72.7 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href="https://trynano.org/es/education-resources/university-listings/"><span>Nanogrados</span></a> </div></div></div><div class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="widget_text widget-content"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/nanotechnology-for-students/"><svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 512 512" style="enable-background:new 0 0 512 512;" xml:space="preserve"> <g id="online_learnning"> <path d="M371.8,150.8c2.4,1.5,5.3,1.6,7.8,0.4l80-40c4-2,5.6-6.8,3.6-10.7c-0.8-1.6-2-2.8-3.6-3.6l-80-40c-4-2-8.8-0.4-10.7,3.6 c-0.6,1.1-0.8,2.3-0.8,3.6v80C368,146.8,369.4,149.3,371.8,150.8z M384,76.9l54.1,27.1L384,131.1V76.9z" /> <path d="M488,432h-8V154.4c10.4-14.7,16-32.3,16-50.4c0-48.6-39.3-88-87.9-88c-39.4,0-73.9,26.1-84.7,64H160V62.6 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