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class="svg-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20,4H4C2.895,4,2,4.895,2,6v12c0,1.105,0.895,2,2,2h16c1.105,0,2-0.895,2-2V6C22,4.895,21.105,4,20,4z M20,8.236l-8,4.882 L4,8.236V6h16V8.236z"></path></svg></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main id="site-content" role="main"> <div class="page-header" style="background-image:url(https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/edication-resources-banner.jpg); "> <div class="section-inner"> <h1 class="title-header">Estándares y directrices de nanotecnología</h1> </div> </div> <article class="post-458 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry" id="post-458"> <header class="entry-header has-text-align-center header-footer-group"> <div class="entry-header-inner section-inner medium"> <h1 class="entry-title">Estándares y directrices de nanotecnología</h1> <div class="intro-text section-inner max-percentage small"> <p>TryNano.org ha compilado enlaces para mantenerlo actualizado sobre estándares y pautas relacionadas con la nanotecnología.</p> </div> </div> </header> <div class="post-inner thin"> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="alignwide flexColumns"> <div class="contentCol"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Estándares y directrices</h2> <p>La investigación y las aplicaciones globales de nanotecnología que conducen a la comercialización de productos están experimentando un crecimiento explosivo. Las corporaciones, e incluso las naciones, están adoptando la investigación en nanotecnología como una vía para el liderazgo tecnológico, la creación de empleos y los medios para resolver los desafíos de la sociedad (impacto ambiental, energía, atención médica, desarrollo de infraestructura). En Estados Unidos, la investigación en nanotecnología recibe apoyo a través del<a href="http://www.nano.gov/"> Iniciativa Nacional de Nanotecnología</a> (NNI). A medida que continúa la inversión global en nanotecnología, los productos basados en nanotecnología ya son comunes en el mercado, incluido el negro de humo en neumáticos y aviones, los óxidos de titanio en cosméticos y las nanopartículas de plata en refrigeradores, equipos de lavandería y envases de alimentos.</p> <p>La nanotecnología es prometedora y, posiblemente, preocupante al mismo tiempo. Aún se están investigando las implicaciones para la salud, la seguridad y el medio ambiente de diversos nanomateriales. Ha habido algunos indicios de que los nanomateriales podrían ser perjudiciales para los seres humanos y el medio ambiente, pero se necesita mucha más investigación antes de comprender claramente sus efectos.</p> <p>A medida que avanzan la ciencia y la tecnología, las técnicas de observación y manipulación a nanoescala han permitido nuevos productos junto con las técnicas de fabricación utilizadas para producirlos. De hecho, los avances relacionados han sido esenciales para sostener los avances en curso en nanotecnología. Estos desarrollos han tenido lugar en muchos sectores, varios institutos de investigación, universidades e industrias utilizando la terminología, los enfoques de investigación y los métodos de evaluación de sus propios sectores tecnológicos.</p> <p>Para unificar las comunidades empresarial, de ingeniería y científica, se requiere una terminología común para cuantificar y describir tanto procesos como productos. Las organizaciones de normalización han estado trabajando en el lenguaje que rodea el desarrollo de la nanotecnología. Estas organizaciones tienen la responsabilidad de abordar las preocupaciones del público sobre el uso de la nanotecnología en productos cotidianos. Se deben desarrollar estándares para abordar las preocupaciones de salud, seguridad y medio ambiente (HSE), y se debe realizar una evaluación adecuada de los efectos toxicológicos y ecotoxicológicos de los nanomateriales de uso común.</p> <p>Las principales organizaciones de estándares involucradas en el desarrollo de estándares de nanotecnología son (Nota: incluya el enlace a su sitio web de nanotecnología):</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><a href="https://www.iso.org/committee/381983.html">ISO, Organización Internacional de Normalización (ISO TC 229)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:7:11712782977503::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:1315,25">IEC, Comisión Electrotécnica Internacional (IEC TC 113)</a></li> <li><a href="https://ieeenano.org/standards-committee">IEEE, Instituto de Ingenieros Eléctricos y Electrónicos (Consejo de Nanotecnología IEEE)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/E56.htm">ASTM International (Comité E56 sobre Nanotecnología)</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>ISO TC 229</strong></p> <p>El alcance de ISO TC 229 es:</p> <p>Estandarización en el campo de las nanotecnologías que incluye uno o ambos de los siguientes:</p> <ol class="wp-block-list"> <li>Comprensión y control de la materia y los procesos a nanoescala, típicamente, pero no exclusivamente, por debajo de 100 nanómetros en una o más dimensiones donde la aparición de fenómenos dependientes del tamaño generalmente permite aplicaciones novedosas.</li> <li>Utilizar las propiedades de materiales a nanoescala que difieren de las propiedades de átomos, moléculas y materia en masa individuales, para crear materiales, dispositivos y sistemas mejorados que exploten estas nuevas propiedades.</li> </ol> <p>Las tareas específicas incluyen el desarrollo de normas para: terminología y nomenclatura; metrología e instrumentación, incluidas especificaciones para materiales de referencia; metodologías de prueba; modelado y simulaciones; y prácticas de salud, seguridad y medio ambiente basadas en la ciencia.</p> <p>El trabajo de ISO TC 229 está organizado en las siguientes disciplinas:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Terminología y nomenclatura – ISO TC 229/IEC TC 113 Grupo de trabajo conjunto 1 (JWG1);</li> <li>Medición y caracterización – ISO TC 229/IEC TC 113 Grupo de trabajo conjunto 2 (JWG2);</li> <li>Aspectos de salud, seguridad y medio ambiente de las nanotecnologías (Grupo de Trabajo 3)</li> <li>Especificaciones de materiales (Grupo de Trabajo 4)</li> <li>Productos y aplicaciones (Grupo de Trabajo 5)</li> <li>Sostenibilidad, consumo y dimensiones sociales de las nanotecnologías (Grupo de tarea 2).</li> </ul> <p>Los esfuerzos combinados de estos grupos de trabajo y los JWG se reflejan en la<a href="https://www.iso.org/committee/381983/x/catalogue/p/1/u/0/w/0/d/0"> Publicaciones ISO</a> actualmente disponible para la comunidad nanotecnológica.</p> <p><strong>CEI TC 113</strong></p> <p>El alcance de IEC TC 113 es: </p> <p>Estandarización de las tecnologías relevantes para productos y sistemas electrotécnicos en el campo de la nanotecnología en estrecha cooperación con otros comités de IEC e ISO.</p> <p>En resumen, ISO TC 229 publica estándares para nanotecnologías en general, mientras que IEC TC 113 se centra únicamente en estándares de nanotecnología que afectan las aplicaciones eléctricas y electrónicas.</p> <p>El trabajo del IEC TC 113 se organiza en torno a los siguientes perfiles tecnológicos:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Evaluación del desempeño (Grupo de Trabajo 3)</li> <li>Confiabilidad (Grupo de Trabajo 7)</li> <li>Materiales relacionados con el grafeno/materiales de nanotubos de carbono (Grupo de Trabajo 8)</li> <li>Energía fotovoltaica con tecnología nanométrica, orgánica de película delgada/nanoelectrónica, nanoescala (Grupo de trabajo 9)</li> <li>Nanomateriales luminiscentes (Grupo de Trabajo 10)</li> <li>Almacenamiento de energía mediante nanotecnología (Grupo de Trabajo 11)</li> </ul> <p>Los esfuerzos combinados de estos grupos de trabajo y los JWG se reflejan en la<a href="https://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:22:7700110118456::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:1315,25"> Publicaciones IEC</a> actualmente disponible para la comunidad nanotecnológica. Esto incluye la siguiente publicación conjunta IEC/IEEE:</p> <p>IEC/IEEE 62659: Nanofabricación – Fabricación a gran escala de nanoelectrónica</p> <p><strong>Comité Internacional E56 de ASTM sobre Nanotecnología</strong></p> <p>El Comité E56 patrocina la publicación de normas ASTM, publicaciones técnicas especiales y artículos de revistas relevantes para la nanotecnología, y colabora con ISO TC 229 en el desarrollo de terminología y nomenclatura.</p> <p>Como resultado de todos los esfuerzos organizacionales que se están llevando a cabo en todo el mundo, existen estándares y la cartera seguirá creciendo con nuevos descubrimientos y avances. Estos estándares brindan a la comunidad de nanotecnología métricas basadas en consenso internacional para la investigación, el desarrollo, la fabricación y la comercialización de materiales y componentes utilizados en productos y sistemas nano-habilitados. Puede obtener información detallada adicional visitando los sitios de las distintas organizaciones de normalización mediante los enlaces proporcionados.</p> </div> <div class="sidebarCol"> <img src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/standardsguidelines-scaled.jpg" /> <span>Crédito de la imagen: Sikov/bigstock.com</span> <h3>Leer más</h3> <div class="related-box"> <div class="relative-item"> <a href="https://trynano.org/es/education-resources/"><img width="300" height="158" src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/altedandresources-300x158.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/altedandresources-300x158.jpg 300w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/altedandresources-1024x540.jpg 1024w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/altedandresources-768x405.jpg 768w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/altedandresources-1536x810.jpg 1536w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/altedandresources-1200x633.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://trynano.org/es/education-resources/">Educación y recursos</a> <div class="excerpt"> Para apoyar la educación temprana en nanotecnología, TryNano.org ha recopilado recursos clave para ayudar a presentar a los estudiantes cómo el trabajo en la nanoescala está cambiando el mundo. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </main> <div class="footer-nav-widgets-wrapper header-footer-group"> <a class="to-the-top" href="#site-header"> <span class="to-the-top-long"> Ir arriba <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">↑</span> </span> <span class="to-the-top-short"> Hasta <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">↑</span> </span> </a> <div class="footer-inner section-inner"> <aside class="footer-widgets-outer-wrapper" 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M93.9,51.2c-9.4,0-17.1-7.7-17.1-17.1c0-9.4,7.7-17.1,17.1-17.1c9.4,0,17.1,7.7,17.1,17.1C110.9,43.5,103.3,51.2,93.9,51.2z" /> </g> </g> <g> <g> <path d="M93.9,51.2c-4.7,0-8.5,3.8-8.5,8.5v59.7c0,4.7,3.8,8.5,8.5,8.5s8.5-3.8,8.5-8.5V59.7C102.4,55,98.6,51.2,93.9,51.2z" /> </g> </g> </svg></a> <a href="https://ieeenano.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>IEEE NTC</span></a></div></div></div><div class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="widget_text widget-content"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/education-resources/university-listings/"><svg version="1.1" id="atom" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 512 512" style="enable-background:new 0 0 512 512;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M403.8,266.3c-3.7-3.4-7.6-6.9-11.7-10.3c4.1-3.4,8-6.9,11.7-10.3c30.9-28.8,42.7-53.9,34.1-72.7 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href="https://trynano.org/es/education-resources/university-listings/"><span>Nanogrados</span></a> </div></div></div><div class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="widget_text widget-content"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/nanotechnology-for-students/"><svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 512 512" style="enable-background:new 0 0 512 512;" xml:space="preserve"> <g id="online_learnning"> <path d="M371.8,150.8c2.4,1.5,5.3,1.6,7.8,0.4l80-40c4-2,5.6-6.8,3.6-10.7c-0.8-1.6-2-2.8-3.6-3.6l-80-40c-4-2-8.8-0.4-10.7,3.6 c-0.6,1.1-0.8,2.3-0.8,3.6v80C368,146.8,369.4,149.3,371.8,150.8z M384,76.9l54.1,27.1L384,131.1V76.9z" /> <path d="M488,432h-8V154.4c10.4-14.7,16-32.3,16-50.4c0-48.6-39.3-88-87.9-88c-39.4,0-73.9,26.1-84.7,64H160V62.6 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