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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"DSOC" redirects here. For NASA's laser communications demo, see <a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Optical_Communications" title="Deep Space Optical Communications">Deep Space Optical Communications</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1973–1982 US democratic socialist organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid Red; border-bottom:2px solid Red; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Democratic Socialist<br />Organizing Committee</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:DSOC-button-1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/DSOC-button-1978.jpg/180px-DSOC-button-1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/DSOC-button-1978.jpg/270px-DSOC-button-1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/DSOC-button-1978.jpg/360px-DSOC-button-1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="376" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Fist_and_rose" title="Fist and rose">fist and rose</a> emblem used by the DSOC.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1973<span class="noprint">; 51 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1973</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1982<span class="noprint">; 42 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1982</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid Red;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of United States">Politics of United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in United States">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in United States">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#AE1719; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_States" title="History of the socialist movement in the United States"><span style="color: #FFF;">Socialism<br />in the United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg/120px-American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg/180px-American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg/240px-American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="292" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Hill,_Illinois#History" title="Bishop Hill, Illinois">Bishop Hill Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brook_Farm" title="Brook Farm">Brook Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icarians" title="Icarians">Icarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonestown" title="Jonestown">Jonestown</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Looking_Backward" title="Looking Backward">Looking Backward</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Harmony,_Indiana" title="New Harmony, Indiana">New Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_Community" title="Oneida Community">Oneida Community</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1877_St._Louis_general_strike" title="1877 St. Louis general strike">1877 St. Louis general strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Lawrence_textile_strike" title="1912 Lawrence textile strike">1912 Lawrence textile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Rebellion" title="Green Corn Rebellion">Green Corn Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">Labor unionization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Repression and persecution</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Defense_Society" title="American Defense Society">American Defense Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Protective_League" title="American Protective League">American Protective League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_and_African_Americans" title="Communist Party USA and African Americans">Communist Party USA and African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">labor movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_and_American_labor_movement_(1919%E2%80%931937)" title="Communist Party USA and American labor movement (1919–1937)">1919–1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_and_American_labor_movement_(1937%E2%80%931950)" title="Communist Party USA and American labor movement (1937–1950)">1937–1957</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espionage_Act_of_1917" title="Espionage Act of 1917">Espionage Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Red_Scare" title="First Red Scare">First Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_General_Strike" title="Seattle General Strike">Seattle General Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Act" title="Smith Act">Smith Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Act_trials_of_Communist_Party_leaders" title="Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders">Smith Act trials</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">Anti-war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a> movements</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Black power movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COINTELPRO" title="COINTELPRO">COINTELPRO</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream">I Have a Dream</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="March on Washington">March on Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Campaign" title="Poor People's Campaign">Poor People's Campaign</a></li></ul> <p><b>Contemporary</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Abern" title="Martin Abern">Abern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Avrich" title="Paul Avrich">Avrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwasi_Balagoon" title="Kuwasi Balagoon">Balagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Bellamy (Edward)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bellamy" title="Francis Bellamy">Bellamy (Francis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_L._Berger" title="Victor L. Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bruenig" title="Elizabeth Bruenig">Bruenig (Elizabeth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Bruenig" title="Matt Bruenig">Bruenig (Matt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Brisbane" title="Albert Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Brooks_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Brooks (political commentator)">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Browder" title="Earl Browder">Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cori_Bush" title="Cori Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Cannon" title="James P. Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Cantor" title="Dan Cantor">Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokely_Carmichael" title="Stokely Carmichael">Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Clark" title="Peter H. Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cockburn" title="Alexander Cockburn">Cockburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Davis (Angela)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodi_Dean" title="Jodi Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_De_Leon" title="Daniel De Leon">De Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Dennis" title="Eugene Dennis">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dreiser" title="Theodore Dreiser">Dreiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Ehrenreich" title="Barbara Ehrenreich">Ehrenreich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Fearing" title="Kenneth Fearing">Fearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Feinberg" title="Leslie Feinberg">Feinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gurley_Flynn" title="Elizabeth Gurley Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Ford" title="James W. Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Z._Foster" title="William Z. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wilson_Gilmore" title="Ruth Wilson Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gitlow" title="Benjamin Gitlow">Gitlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Batchelder_Greene" title="William Batchelder Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiell_Hammett" title="Dashiell Hammett">Hammett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yip_Harburg" title="Yip Harburg">Harburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Harrington" title="Michael Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Harrison" title="Hubert Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hay" title="Harry Hay">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Haywood" title="Bill Haywood">Haywood (Bill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Haywood" title="Harry Haywood">Haywood (Harry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Heywood" title="Angela Heywood">Heywood (Angela)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Heywood" title="Ezra Heywood">Heywood (Ezra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Hill_(activist)" title="Joe Hill (activist)">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Hillquit" title="Morris Hillquit">Hillquit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hoan" title="Daniel Hoan">Hoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_Jameson" title="Fredric Jameson">Jameson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Labadie" title="Jo Labadie">Labadie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_London" title="Jack London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Lovestone" title="Jay Lovestone">Lovestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyer_Lum" title="Dyer Lum">Lum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Marcy" title="Sam Marcy">Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McReynolds" title="David McReynolds">McReynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlene_Mitchell" title="Charlene Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Morello" title="Tom Morello">Morello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Humphrey_Noyes" title="John Humphrey Noyes">Noyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Ochs" title="Phil Ochs">Ochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Panken" title="Jacob Panken">Panken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Parenti" title="Michael Parenti">Parenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Parsons" title="Albert Parsons">Parsons (Albert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons (Lucy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Piker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Fox_Piven" title="Frances Fox Piven">Piven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_(journalist)" title="John Reed (journalist)">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ripley_(transcendentalist)" title="George Ripley (transcendentalist)">Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Robbins" title="Matilda Robbins">Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_J._Robinson" title="Nathan J. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zack_de_la_Rocha" title="Zack de la Rocha">Rocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Roediger" title="David Roediger">Roediger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Rustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ruthenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Ruthenberg">Ruthenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco and Vanzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Sandburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshama_Sawant" title="Kshama Sawant">Sawant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Seale" title="Bobby Seale">Seale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Seidel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Shachtman" title="Max Shachtman">Shachtman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assata_Shakur" title="Assata Shakur">Shakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._F._Stone" title="I. F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaskar_Sunkara" title="Bhaskar Sunkara">Sunkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sweezy" title="Paul Sweezy">Sweezy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serj_Tankian" title="Serj Tankian">Tankian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Turner" title="Nina Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Wolff" title="Richard D. Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Meiksins_Wood" title="Ellen Meiksins Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Olin_Wright" title="Erik Olin Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zeidler" title="Frank Zeidler">Zeidler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Active organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Riders_Liberation_Party" title="Black Riders Liberation Party">Black Riders Liberation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Socialists_in_America" title="Black Socialists in America">Black Socialists in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_New_York_(2010)" title="Freedom Party of New York (2010)">Freedom Party of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Road_Socialist_Organization" title="Freedom Road Socialist Organization">Freedom Road Socialist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Freedom Socialist Party">Freedom Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Mountain_Peace_and_Justice_Party" title="Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party">Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal Marijuana Now">Legal Marijuana Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Progressive_Party_(United_States)_state_affiliates" title="Category:National Progressive Party (United States) state affiliates">National Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Afrikan_Black_Panther_Party" title="New Afrikan Black Panther Party">New Afrikan Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Party for Socialism and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Dane" title="Progressive Dane">Progressive Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labor_Party_(United_States)" title="Progressive Labor Party (United States)">Progressive Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redneck_Revolt" title="Redneck Revolt">Redneck Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party,_USA" title="Revolutionary Communist Party, USA">Revolutionary Communist Party, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Workers_Party" title="South Carolina Workers Party">South Carolina Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Rifle_Association" title="Socialist Rifle Association">Socialist Rifle Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(United_States)" title="Solidarity (United States)">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_(U.S._organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spark (U.S. organization)">Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartacist_League_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartacist League (US)">Spartacist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">Working Families Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Class_Party" title="Working Class Party">Working Class Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Party_of_the_United_States" title="World Socialist Party of the United States">World Socialist Party of the United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Inactive or defunct organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Movement" title="American Indian Movement">American Indian Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Labor_Party" title="American Labor Party">American Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Union_of_Associationists" title="American Union of Associationists">American Union of Associationists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Workers_Party" title="American Workers Party">American Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens Party (United States)">Citizens Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_League_of_America" title="Communist League of America">Communist League of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_League_of_Struggle" title="Communist League of Struggle">Communist League of Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers%27_Party_(United_States)" title="Communist Workers' Party (United States)">Communist Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Federation" title="Democratic Socialist Federation">Democratic Socialist Federation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Farmer–Labor Party">Farmer–Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Party_(United_States)" title="Human Rights Party (United States)">Human Rights Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Workers Party (United States)">Independent Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialists_(United_States)" title="International Socialists (United States)">International Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Organization" title="International Socialist Organization">International Socialist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association_in_America" title="International Workingmen's Association in America">International Workingmen's Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(United_States)" title="Justice Party (United States)">Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Labor Party of the United States">Labor Party of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(United_States,_1996)" title="Labor Party (United States, 1996)">Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_Internationalist_Movement" title="Maoist Internationalist Movement">Maoist Internationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guards_(United_States)" title="Red Guards (United States)">Red Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_American_Movement" title="New American Movement">New American Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(United_States)" title="New Party (United States)">New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_League" title="Nonpartisan League">Nonpartisan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Party_(1970s)" title="Patriot Party (1970s)">Patriot Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1971)" title="People's Party (United States, 1971)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Party_of_America" title="Proletarian Party of America">Proletarian Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialist_League_(U.S.)" title="Revolutionary Socialist League (U.S.)">Revolutionary Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Youth_Movement" title="Revolutionary Youth Movement">Revolutionary Youth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_America" title="Social Democracy of America">Social Democracy of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Federation_(United_States)" title="Social Democratic Federation (United States)">Social Democratic Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_America" title="Social Democratic Party of America">Social Democratic Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Students for a Democratic Society">SDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_Underground" title="Weather Underground">Weather Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Panther_Party" title="White Panther Party">White Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Workers Party of the United States">Workers Party of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Lords" title="Young Lords">Young Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Patriots_Organization" title="Young Patriots Organization">Young Patriots Organization</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_Reason_(newspaper)" title="Appeal to Reason (newspaper)">Appeal to Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_Affairs_(magazine)" title="Current Affairs (magazine)">Current Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Worker" title="Daily Worker">Daily Worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissent_(American_magazine)" title="Dissent (American magazine)">Dissent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Review_(1900)" title="International Socialist Review (1900)">International Socialist Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jungle" title="The Jungle">The Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looking_Backward" title="Looking Backward">Looking Backward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly_Capital" title="Monopoly Capital">Monopoly Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Review" title="Monthly Review">Monthly Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_America" title="The Other America">The Other America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_People%27s_History_of_the_United_States" title="A People's History of the United States">A People's History of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlers:_The_Mythology_of_the_White_Proletariat" title="Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat">Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Socialism" title="Voluntary Socialism">Voluntary Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_Socialism%3F" title="Why Socialism?">Why Socialism?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNetwork" title="ZNetwork">ZNetwork</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Left" title="American Left">American Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">in the US</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Anarcho-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_socialism" title="Bill of Rights socialism">Bill of Rights socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">in the US</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">Labor history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_labor_law" title="United States labor law">Labor laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United 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href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_US" title="Template:Socialism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_US" title="Template talk:Socialism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee</b> (<b>DSOC</b>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">DEE</span>-sok</i></a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_organisation" title="Political organisation">organization</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. </p><p>The DSOC was founded in 1973 by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Harrington" title="Michael Harrington">Michael Harrington</a>, who had led a minority caucus in the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a> and disagreed with its transformation into <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a>. Harrington's caucus supported <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a>'s call for a cease-fire and immediate withdrawal from Vietnam. In contrast to the traditional emphasis on strengthening the working class by organizing labor unions, Harrington reduced the emphasis on labor of previous socialist organizations. While continuing to work with unionists, Harrington instead placed more emphasis on middle-class political activists, especially those drawn to activism through the McGovern campaign. Developing a "realignment" strategy common to socialists since the 1960s, the DSOC tried to help to build a "democratic left" movement from the political movements participating in the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>. DSOC joined the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a> in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-LD19_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LD19-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1982, the DSOC merged with the <a href="/wiki/New_American_Movement" title="New American Movement">New American Movement</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a></div> <p>After nearly a decade of internal acrimony, the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Federation_(United_States)" title="Social Democratic Federation (United States)">Socialist Party of America-Social Democratic Federation</a> was clearly headed for a split as the decade of the 1970s opened. While sharing a common antipathy to the worldwide <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communist</a> movement, the organization was divided over two primary issues: </p> <ol><li>Should democratic socialists call for either an immediate withdrawal of United States forces from Vietnam or a negotiated peace settlement along with an immediate end to the bombing of North Vietnam?</li> <li>Should the democratic left continue its traditional focus of organizing the <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> in <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor unions">labor unions</a> or should it shift its focus to (predominantly middle class) peace activists?</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1972_Convention_of_the_Socialist_Party_of_America">1972 Convention of the Socialist Party of America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1972 Convention of the Socialist Party of America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a></div> <p>In its 1972 convention, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a> (SPA) had two Co-Chairmen, <a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Bayard Rustin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Zimmerman" title="Charles S. Zimmerman">Charles S. Zimmerman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Ladies%27_Garment_Workers%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union">International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union</a> (ILGWU);<sup id="cite_ref-Sorin149_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sorin149-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a First National Vice Chairman, James S. Glaser, who were re-elected by <a href="/wiki/Acclamation" title="Acclamation">acclamation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his opening speech to the convention, Co-Chairman Bayard Rustin called for <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a> (SDUSA) to organize against the "reactionary policies of the Nixon Administration" while at the same time criticized the "irresponsibility and élitism of the 'New Politics' liberals".<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party changed its name to SDUSA by a vote of 73 to 34.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Renaming the party as SDUSA was meant to be "realistic". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> observed that the SPA had last sponsored a <a href="/wiki/Darlington_Hoopes" title="Darlington Hoopes">candidate for President</a> in <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a>, who received only 2,121 votes, which were cast in only 6 states. Because the party no longer sponsored candidates in presidential elections, the name "Party" had been "misleading" as "Party" had hindered the recruiting of activists who participated in the Democratic Party, according to the majority report. The name "Socialist" was replaced by "<a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social Democrats</a>" because many American associated the word "<a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">socialism</a>" with <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Communism">Soviet Communism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party also wished to distinguish itself from two small Marxist parties, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT27_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT27-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the convention, the majority (Unity Caucus) won every vote by a ratio of two to one. The convention elected a national committee of 33 members, with 22 seats for the majority caucus, eight seats for the Coalition Caucus of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Harrington" title="Michael Harrington">Michael Harrington</a>, two for a Debs Caucus and one for the independent <a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Friedman" title="Samuel H. Friedman">Samuel H. Friedman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT73_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT73-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Friedman and the minority caucuses had opposed the name change.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The convention voted on and adopted proposals for its program by a two-one vote. On foreign policy, the program called for "firmness toward Communist aggression". However, on the Vietnam War the program opposed "any efforts to bomb Hanoi into submission" and instead it endorsed negotiating a peace agreement, which should protect Communist political cadres in South Vietnam from further military or police reprisals. Harrington's proposal for a <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">ceasefire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_U.S._troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" class="mw-redirect" title="Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">immediate withdrawal</a> of United States forces was defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT73_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT73-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harrington complained that after its convention the Socialist Party had endorsed <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> only with a statement loaded with "constructive criticism" and that it had not mobilized enough support for McGovern. The majority caucus's Arch Puddington replied that the California branch was especially active in supporting McGovern while the New York branch were focusing on a congressional race.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT27_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT27-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></div><p> Even before the convention, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Harrington" title="Michael Harrington">Michael Harrington</a> had resigned as an Honorary Chairperson of the SPA.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some months after the convention, he resigned his membership in SDUSA. Harrington and his supporters from the Coalition Caucus soon formed the DSOC. Many members of the Debs Caucus resigned from SDUSA and formed the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Despite opposing the majority of the SPA, Harrington acknowledged the validity of its members' concerns: </p><blockquote><p>The anti-war activists of the sixties were overwhelmingly white and middle class. Many of them were unconcerned about the domestic political consequences of their actions and were even contemptuous of that majority of Americans who supported the war. There was a profoundly elitist tendency in the movement that [the majority of the Socialist Party leadership] denounced as dilettantish and collegiate. Moreover, there was a vocal, and regularly televised, fringe of confrontationists, exhibitionists, and <a href="/wiki/Vietcong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietcong">Vietcong</a> flag wavers who could plausibly be dismissed as freakish, or sinister, or both.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrington,_Fragments_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrington,_Fragments-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Harrington's caucus in the SPA endorsed the <a href="/wiki/New_Politics_(1950s)" title="New Politics (1950s)">New Politics movement</a> and sought to expand that tendency into a viable left-wing pressure-group within the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, advancing an explicitly socialist agenda and attempting to win influence over elected officials for that program. Harrington led many members of this caucus and from his networks to establish the DSOC in 1973. </p><p>Harrington, a former editor of the SPA's weekly newspaper, <i>New America</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the most important figure in the establishment of DSOC. Harrington had resigned as National Co-Chairman of the SPA, many of whose leaders criticized McGovern, when Harrington focused his efforts on electing McGovern in October 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In his first memoir, published in 1973, Harrington defended his choice of peace activists over trade unionists: </p><blockquote><p>But in their derogatory comparison of this movement with the trade unionists, my comrades failed to notice two of its historic aspects. First, the anti-war young were right: Vietnam was not only an immoral conflict, it was counterproductive from all points of view, including that of progressive anti-Communism. Secondly, the new strata of the issue-oriented and college-educated who provided the mass bass for this phenomenon were, and are, extremely important to the creation of a new majority for change in this country.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrington,_Fragments_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrington,_Fragments-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>At its start, the DSOC had 840 members, of which 2 percent served on its national board; approximately 200 had previously had membership in the SDUSA or its predecessors in 1973 when SDUSA stated its membership at 1,800, according to a 1973 profile of Harrington.<sup id="cite_ref-SOHO_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOHO-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The publication that would eventually become the official organ of the DSOC, initially an eight-page letter-sized monthly called <i>Newsletter of the Democratic Left,</i> predated the formal establishment of the DSOC as a national organization in October 1973. The first issue of <i>Newsletter of the Democratic Left</i> (the name was later shortened to <i>Democratic Left</i>) appeared in March 1973 under the editorship of Mike Harrington, assisted by Jack Clark as Managing Editor.<sup id="cite_ref-DL001_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DL001-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A front page essay by Harrington, entitled "The Shape of Our Politics", made nary a mention of the bitter faction fight within the SPA: </p><blockquote><p>Liberalism is in transition. Important ideologists announce their 'deradicalization.' </p><p>On the other wing, many trade unionists and middle-class liberals have become aware of the need for structural change in our society. In the McGovern campaign, for instance, the frankly <a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_wealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Redistribution of wealth">redistributionist</a> principle that revenue should be raised by levies on <a href="/wiki/Unearned_income" title="Unearned income">unearned incomes</a> was a major step forward. </p><p>On the campus there is a decline of activism, a revival of private concerns. The <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> is dead. But a large and serious constituency of the Left remains, even if unorganized and uncertain. If presented with a clear and reasoned perspective for basic change, it might be won to a lifetime commitment, even in the Nixon years; if not, it could vanish. </p><p> The Left, more than ever before, needs thought, self-criticism, candor, and communication. We hope this <i>Newsletter</i> will make a modest contribution to that end.<sup id="cite_ref-DL001_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DL001-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><i>Democratic Left</i> continues today as the publication of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a>, the organizational successor to the DSOC. The organization also published a number of issues of an internal discussion bulletin, containing typewritten content submitted by its members about various issues of concern. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formal_establishment">Formal establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Formal establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The June 1973 issue of <i>Newsletter of the Democratic Left,</i> the fourth monthly magazine off the press, announced to its subscribers that the never-before-mentioned National Board of the DSOC had issued a call for the launch of "a new, nationwide socialist organization".<sup id="cite_ref-Journey_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journey-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The founding convention of the DSOC was initially slated to begin on October 12, 1973 in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-Journey_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journey-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first time, membership dues were solicited, with rates of $3.50 for students and $7.00 for regular membership accepted until January 1, 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-Journey_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Journey-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Founding Convention was to be a three-day-long affair, beginning at 8 pm at the Eisner and Lubin Auditorium of <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-New_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The convention was not composed of elected delegates, but was rather open to a general admission and about 500 people were in attendance.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The keynote speaker chosen by the organizers of the DSOC to address this gathering was <a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Lewis (Canadian politician)">David Lewis</a>, one of the key architects of the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Social-democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social-democratic">social-democratic</a> parliamentary opposition party of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-New_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following day on October 13, the convention moved to the <a href="/wiki/McAlpin_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="McAlpin Hotel">McAlpin Hotel</a>, located at the corner of Broadway and 34th Street in New York City and began in earnest. Harrington delivered an address to those attending the gathering which was undelegated and open to all desiring to attend from the general public and then the attendees broke up into various small workshops.<sup id="cite_ref-New_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small group subjects included "the unions", "<a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>", "racial equality", "Democratic Party", "equality" and "<a href="/wiki/Detente" class="mw-redirect" title="Detente">detente</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-New_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Workshop chairs were appointed in advance and included <a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Michael Walzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Denitch" title="Bogdan Denitch">Bogdan Denitch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Christopher Lasch</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-New_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A panel discussion on "Socialism and the Welfare State" was also held, featuring prominently Harrington's close political associate, the historian and magazine editor <a href="/wiki/Irving_Howe" title="Irving Howe">Irving Howe</a>, an individual who would become one of the organization's leading faces.<sup id="cite_ref-New_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The final day saw the election of a governing National Board and ratification of a constitution for the new organization.<sup id="cite_ref-New_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membership_size_and_structure">Membership size and structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Membership size and structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At most 200 members of the Coalition Caucus joined <a href="/wiki/Michael_Harrington" title="Michael Harrington">Michael Harrington</a> in forming the DSOC.<sup id="cite_ref-SOHO_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOHO-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-obit_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> At its start, DSOC had 840 members, according to a 1973 profile of Harrington.<sup id="cite_ref-SOHO_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SOHO-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the group's founder <a href="/wiki/Michael_Harrington" title="Michael Harrington">Michael Harrington</a>, the DSOC began with a core of about 250 members.<sup id="cite_ref-LD19_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LD19-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group's first paid staffer was Jack Clark, a 23-year-old from <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston</a> who received $50 a month and use of a spare bed in the home of Debbie Meier, herself a second generation socialist and important figure in the DSOC inner circle.<sup id="cite_ref-LD19_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LD19-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meier's home served as the group's base of operations up to the October 1973 convention, at which time the DSOC rented a tiny basement office.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_strategy">Ideology and strategy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ideology and strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The DSOC presented itself as an explicitly socialist organization. In electoral politics, it worked within the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a> in which it dedicated itself to building a base of support for democratic-socialist ("democratic-left") ideas. In <a href="/wiki/Michael_Harrington" title="Michael Harrington">Michael Harrington</a>'s view, the task facing the American movement was "to build a new American majority for social change".<sup id="cite_ref-Realism_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Realism-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While important, Harrington wrote that the union movement could not win political power in its own right, instead arguing that it needed to unite with the "college-educated and issue-oriented" adherents of the so-called "<a href="/wiki/New_Politics_(1950s)" title="New Politics (1950s)">New Politics</a>" in the Democratic Party: </p><blockquote><p>In 1968, the Center-Right of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">Wallace</a> received almost 58% of the votes; in 1972, in a two-way race, Nixon got over 61%. In 1968, the American unions were a major, and sometimes sole, force behind <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a>, proving that the organized workers are the most cohesive element that can be mobilized for social change. But the '68 election also proved that labor by itself cannot come close to winning. [...] In 1968 many <a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">McCarthyites</a> did not understand that Humphrey was infinitely preferable to Nixon; in 1972, the <a href="/wiki/George_Meany" title="George Meany">Meanyites</a> did not understand that McGovern was infinitely preferable to Nixon. If this split continues, the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party (U.S.)">Republicans</a> will hold the Presidency for the foreseeable future. Therefore, the only way to build a new majority for social change is for labor and the new politics to come together.<sup id="cite_ref-Realism_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Realism-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The DSOC proposed winning power through the tactic of "realignment", i.e. uniting of forces within the Democratic Party on a democratic socialist platform. </p><p>Its members ran for political office almost always within the Democratic Party. In addition, the DSOC publicized and promoted the individual efforts of its dues payers and supporters, many of whom were active in labor unions or other political organizations. There were members of the DSOC who were elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> (<a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley, California</a> Rep. <a href="/wiki/Ron_Dellums" title="Ron Dellums">Ron Dellums</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">New York City Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ruth_Messinger" title="Ruth Messinger">Ruth Messinger</a>). The DSOC had public support from <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor unions">union</a> leaders as <a href="/wiki/Victor_Reuther" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Reuther">Victor Reuther</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_W._Winpisinger" title="William W. Winpisinger">William W. Winpisinger</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Machinists" class="mw-redirect" title="International Association of Machinists">International Association of Machinists</a> and various officials of the <a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Clothing_Workers_of_America" title="Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America">Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Democratic_Socialists_of_America">Democratic Socialists of America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Democratic Socialists of America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The DSOC ceased to exist in 1982 when it merged with the <a href="/wiki/New_American_Movement" title="New American Movement">New American Movement</a> (NAM) to form the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a> (DSA). </p><p>Discussions with representatives of the NAM, a successor organization to <a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Students for a Democratic Society">Students for a Democratic Society</a>, began as early as 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-LD64_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LD64-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The move was favored by the DSOC's left-wing led by historian Jim Chapin which sought to bring into the DSOC many former participants in the <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> of the 1960s who were in search of a new home.<sup id="cite_ref-LD64_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LD64-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DSOC formally endorsed the idea of merger with the NAM at its 1979 Houston convention.<sup id="cite_ref-LD65_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LD65-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the proposal for merger generated vocal opposition. Forces on the organization's right-wing, led by Howe and calling themselves the Committee Against the NAM Merger (CATNAM), urged that instead of courting New Left survivors. the DSOC should instead continue to place its emphasis on outreach to larger forces in the labor movement and the Democratic Party. In addition to noting the NAM's deep distrust of the Democratic Party, many adherents of the CATNAM had grave misgivings about the NAM's position towards <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, with the DSOC maintaining belief in a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state solution</a> guaranteeing the existence of Israel while many in the NAM saw the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> as engaged in an <a href="/wiki/Anti-colonial_liberation_movements" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-colonial liberation movements">anti-colonial liberation</a> struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-LD65_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LD65-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, a careful statement was worked out on the Middle East based upon a two-state solution and merger talks moved forward. </p><p>The 1981 DSOC National Convention was marked by a very heated debate on the question of merger with the NAM, which was ultimately resolved by a vote of approximately 80% of the delegates in favor and none against, with the 20% or so supporting the CATNAM position abstaining.<sup id="cite_ref-LD66_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LD66-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harrington later noted: "Our opponents wanted to indicate they were unhappy — and that they were staying".<sup id="cite_ref-LD66_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LD66-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The unity convention joining the NAM and the DSOC was held in Detroit in 1982 and the DSA was thereby established. The gathering was addressed by <a href="/wiki/George_W._Crockett,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Crockett, Jr.">George Crockett</a>, a member of the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Congressional Black Caucus</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, with Harrington delivering the keynote address.<sup id="cite_ref-LD66_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LD66-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new organization claimed a membership of 6,000 at the time of its formation.<sup id="cite_ref-LD66_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LD66-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LD19-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LD19_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LD19_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LD19_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarrington1988" class="citation book cs1">Harrington, Michael (Jan 1, 1988). <i>The long-distance runner: an autobiography</i> (1st ed.). New York: Holt. pp. 151–153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-0790-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-0790-9"><bdi>978-0-8050-0790-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+long-distance+runner%3A+an+autobiography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=151-153&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Holt&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-0790-9&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Socialist+Organizing+Committee" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sorin149-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sorin149_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerald Sorin, <i>The Prophetic Minority: American Jewish Immigrant Radicals, 1880-1920.</i> Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985; pg. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous1972" class="citation news cs1">Anonymous (December 31, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/31/archives/socialist-party-now-the-social-democrats-usa.html">"Socialist Party now the Social Democrats, U.S.A."</a> <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 36<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Socialist+Party+now+the+Social+Democrats%2C+U.S.A.&rft.pages=36&rft.date=1972-12-31&rft.au=Anonymous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F12%2F31%2Farchives%2Fsocialist-party-now-the-social-democrats-usa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Socialist+Organizing+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported on the 1972 Convention on other days, e.g. <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston1972" class="citation news cs1">Johnston, Laurie (December 28, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/28/archives/young-socialists-defeat-motion-favoring-recognition-of-cuba.html?sq=Young+socialists&scp=4&st=p">"Young Socialists defeat motion favoring recognition of Cuba"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Young+Socialists+defeat+motion+favoring+recognition+of+Cuba&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1972-12-28&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F12%2F28%2Farchives%2Fyoung-socialists-defeat-motion-favoring-recognition-of-cuba.html%3Fsq%3DYoung%2Bsocialists%26scp%3D4%26st%3Dp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Socialist+Organizing+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston1972" class="citation news cs1">Johnston, Laurie (December 31, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/31/archives/young-socialist-support-meany-group-urges-the-democrats-to-join.html?sq=Young+socialists&scp=11&st=p">"Young Socialists support Meany; Group urges the Democrats to join labor movement"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 36.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Young+Socialists+support+Meany%3B+Group+urges+the+Democrats+to+join+labor+movement&rft.pages=36&rft.date=1972-12-31&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F12%2F31%2Farchives%2Fyoung-socialist-support-meany-group-urges-the-democrats-to-join.html%3Fsq%3DYoung%2Bsocialists%26scp%3D11%26st%3Dp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Socialist+Organizing+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-NYT27-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT27_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT27_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous1972" class="citation news cs1">Anonymous (December 27, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/27/archives/young-socialists-open-parley-to-weigh-new-politics-split.html?sq=Young+socialists&scp=7&st=p">"Young Socialists open parley; to weigh 'New Politics' split"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Young+Socialists+open+parley%3B+to+weigh+%27New+Politics%27+split&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1972-12-27&rft.au=Anonymous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1972%2F12%2F27%2Farchives%2Fyoung-socialists-open-parley-to-weigh-new-politics-split.html%3Fsq%3DYoung%2Bsocialists%26scp%3D7%26st%3Dp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Socialist+Organizing+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT73-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT73_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT73_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50C15F73F551A7493C3A9178AD85F478785F9">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Firmness' urged on Communists: Social Democrats reach end of U.S. Convention here"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. January 1, 1973. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Firmness%27+urged+on+Communists%3A+Social+Democrats+reach+end+of+U.S.+Convention+here&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1973-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF50C15F73F551A7493C3A9178AD85F478785F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Socialist+Organizing+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrington,_Fragments-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harrington,_Fragments_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrington,_Fragments_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrington, <i>Fragments of the Century,</i> pp. 212–213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Harrington, <i>Fragments of the Century.</i> New York: Saturday Review Press/E.P. Dutton & Co., 1973; pg. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrington, <i>Fragments of the Century,</i> pg. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOHO-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SOHO_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOHO_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOHO_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Rourke1993">O'Rourke (1993</a>, pp. 195–196): <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Rourke1993" class="citation book cs1">O'Rourke, William (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5iUJfPxlTCcC&pg=PA195">"L: Michael Harrington"</a>. <i>Signs of the literary times: Essays, reviews, profiles, 1970-1992'<span></span></i>. The Margins of Literature (SUNY Series). SUNY Press. pp. 192–196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-1681-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-1681-X"><bdi>0-7914-1681-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=L%3A+Michael+Harrington&rft.btitle=Signs+of+the+literary+times%3A+Essays%2C+reviews%2C+profiles%2C+1970-1992%27&rft.series=The+Margins+of+Literature+%28SUNY+Series%29&rft.pages=192-196&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-7914-1681-X&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5iUJfPxlTCcC%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Socialist+Organizing+Committee" class="Z3988"></span> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>Originally: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Rourke1973" class="citation journal cs1">O'Rourke, William (November 13, 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5iUJfPxlTCcC&q=Michael+Harrington&pg=PA197">"Michael Harrington: Beyond Watergate, Sixties, and reform"</a>. <i>SoHo Weekly News</i>. <b>3</b> (2): 6–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780791416815" title="Special:BookSources/9780791416815"><bdi>9780791416815</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SoHo+Weekly+News&rft.atitle=Michael+Harrington%3A+Beyond+Watergate%2C+Sixties%2C+and+reform&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=6-7&rft.date=1973-11-13&rft.isbn=9780791416815&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5iUJfPxlTCcC%26q%3DMichael%2BHarrington%26pg%3DPA197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Socialist+Organizing+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DL001-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DL001_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DL001_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marxisthistory.org/history/usa/parties/dsa/1973/0300-dsoc-dl001.pdf"><i>Newsletter of the Democratic Left</i></a><i>, vol. 1, no. 1 (March 1973).</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Journey-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Journey_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Journey_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Journey_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marxisthistory.org/history/usa/parties/dsa/1973/0600-dsoc-dl004.pdf">"The Journey of Ten Thousand Miles,"</a> <i>Newsletter of the Democratic Left,</i> vol. 1, no. 4 (June 1973), pg. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marxisthistory.org/history/usa/parties/dsa/1973/1000-dsoc-dl006.pdf">"A New Beginning for American Socialism,"</a> <i>Newsletter of the Democratic Left,</i> vol. 1, no. 6 (October 1973), pg. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Harrington, <i>The Long-Distance Runner: An Autobiography.</i> New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1988; pg. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-obit_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitgang,_Herbert1989" class="citation news cs1">Mitgang, Herbert (August 2, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/02/obituaries/michael-harrington-socialist-and-author-is-dead.html?pagewanted=all">"Michael Harrington, Socialist and Author, Is Dead"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Michael+Harrington%2C+Socialist+and+Author%2C+Is+Dead&rft.date=1989-08-02&rft.au=Mitgang%2C+Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F08%2F02%2Fobituaries%2Fmichael-harrington-socialist-and-author-is-dead.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADemocratic+Socialist+Organizing+Committee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrington, <i>The Long-Distance Runner,</i> pg. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Realism-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Realism_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Realism_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Harrington, "The Left Wing of Realism," <i>Democratic Left,</i> vol. 1, no. 1 (March 1973), pg. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LD64-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LD64_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LD64_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrington, <i>The Long-Distance Runner,</i> pg. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LD65-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LD65_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LD65_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrington, <i>The Long-Distance Runner,</i> pg. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LD66-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LD66_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LD66_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LD66_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LD66_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrington, <i>The Long-Distance Runner,</i> pg. 66.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/serial?id=demleft"><i>Newsletter of the Democratic Left</i></a>. First ten issues. New York. Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee. 1973.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/WeAreSocialistOfTheDemocraticLeft"><i>We are Socialists of the Democratic Left</i></a>. Fifth Anniversary edition. New York. Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee. 1982.</li> <li>Social Democrats, USA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ForTheRecord1973"><i>For the Record: The Report by the Social Democrats, USA on the Resignation of Michael Harrington and his Attempt to Split the American Socialist Movement</i></a>. New York. Social Democrats, USA. n.d. [1973]. Polemic against Michael Harrington from the time of the 1973 Socialist Party of America split.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsausa.org/">Democratic Socialists of America official website</a>. DSAUSA.org, successor organization to the DSOC.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Socialist_Party_of_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Template:Socialist Party of America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Template talk:Socialist Party of America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialist Party of America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Socialist_Party_of_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential tickets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1904_United_States_presidential_election" title="1904 United States presidential election">1904</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ben_Hanford" title="Ben Hanford">Hanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_United_States_presidential_election" title="1908 United States presidential election">1908</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ben_Hanford" title="Ben Hanford">Hanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Seidel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allan_L._Benson" title="Allan L. Benson">Benson</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_Ross_Kirkpatrick" title="George Ross Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Seymour_Stedman" title="Seymour Stedman">Stedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>, Endorsed <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive Party ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_H._Maurer" title="James H. Maurer">Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_H._Maurer" title="James H. Maurer">Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_A._Nelson" title="George A. Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Maynard_C._Krueger" title="Maynard C. Krueger">Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Darlington_Hoopes" title="Darlington Hoopes">Hoopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tucker_P._Smith" title="Tucker P. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darlington_Hoopes" title="Darlington Hoopes">Hoopes</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Friedman" title="Samuel H. Friedman">Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darlington_Hoopes" title="Darlington Hoopes">Hoopes</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Friedman" title="Samuel H. Friedman">Friedman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties by state<br />and territory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="State" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_California" title="Socialist Party of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Colorado" title="Socialist Party of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Connecticut" title="Socialist Party of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Florida" title="Socialist Party of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Kansas" title="Socialist Party of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Louisiana" title="Socialist Party of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Maine" title="Socialist Party of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Massachusetts" title="Socialist Party of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Michigan" title="Socialist Party of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Minnesota" title="Socialist Party of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Missouri" title="Socialist Party of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_New_Jersey" title="Socialist Party of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_New_York" title="Socialist Party of New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_North_Carolina" title="Socialist Party of North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_North_Dakota" title="Socialist Party of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Ohio" title="Socialist Party of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Oklahoma" title="Socialist Party of Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Oregon" title="Socialist Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Pennsylvania" title="Socialist Party of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Texas" title="Socialist Party of Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Washington" title="Socialist Party of Washington">Washington (state)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social-Democratic_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Social-Democratic Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_States" title="History of the socialist movement in the United States">History of the socialist movement in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Federation_(United_States)" title="Social Democratic Federation (United States)">Social Democratic Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_America" title="Social Democratic Party of America">Social Democratic Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Preservation_of_the_Socialist_Party" title="Committee for the Preservation of the Socialist Party">Committee for the Preservation of the Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_People%27s_Socialist_League_(1907)" title="Young People's Socialist League (1907)">Young People's Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English-language_press_of_the_Socialist_Party_of_America" title="English-language press of the Socialist Party of America">English-language press of the Socialist Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-English_press_of_the_Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Non-English press of the Socialist Party of America">Non-English press of the Socialist Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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