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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U. S. socialist organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Solidarity-flag.svg/270px-Solidarity-flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Solidarity-flag.svg/360px-Solidarity-flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="244" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">1986<span class="noprint">; 38 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1986</span>)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Socialists_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Socialists (US)">International Socialists</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Workers_Power_(United_States)" title="Workers Power (United States)">Workers Power</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Unity_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialist Unity (United States) (page does not exist)">Socialist Unity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">7012 Michigan Ave, Detroit, MI 48210</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary socialism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Socialist feminism</a><br /><b>Factions</b>:<br /><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">Left-wing</a> to <a href="/wiki/Far-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-left">Far-left</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International_(post-reunification)" title="Fourth International (post-reunification)">Fourth International</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://solidarity-us.org">solidarity-us<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#AE1719; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_States" title="History of the socialist movement in the United States"><span style="color: #FFF;">Socialism<br />in the United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg/120px-American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg/180px-American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg/240px-American_Socialism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="292" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Hill,_Illinois#History" title="Bishop Hill, Illinois">Bishop Hill Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brook_Farm" title="Brook Farm">Brook Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icarians" title="Icarians">Icarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonestown" title="Jonestown">Jonestown</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Looking_Backward" title="Looking Backward">Looking Backward</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Harmony,_Indiana" title="New Harmony, Indiana">New Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_Community" title="Oneida Community">Oneida Community</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1877_St._Louis_general_strike" title="1877 St. Louis general strike">1877 St. Louis general strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Lawrence_textile_strike" title="1912 Lawrence textile strike">1912 Lawrence textile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Rebellion" title="Green Corn Rebellion">Green Corn Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">Labor unionization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare" title="Red Scare">Repression and persecution</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Defense_Society" title="American Defense Society">American Defense Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Protective_League" title="American Protective League">American Protective League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_and_African_Americans" title="Communist Party USA and African Americans">Communist Party USA and African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">labor movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_and_American_labor_movement_(1919%E2%80%931937)" title="Communist Party USA and American labor movement (1919–1937)">1919–1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_and_American_labor_movement_(1937%E2%80%931950)" title="Communist Party USA and American labor movement (1937–1950)">1937–1957</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espionage_Act_of_1917" title="Espionage Act of 1917">Espionage Act of 1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Red_Scare" title="First Red Scare">First Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">John Birch Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_General_Strike" title="Seattle General Strike">Seattle General Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Act" title="Smith Act">Smith Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Act_trials_of_Communist_Party_leaders" title="Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders">Smith Act trials</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">Anti-war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a> movements</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Black power movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COINTELPRO" title="COINTELPRO">COINTELPRO</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream">I Have a Dream</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="March on Washington">March on Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Campaign" title="Poor People's Campaign">Poor People's Campaign</a></li></ul> <p><b>Contemporary</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Abern" title="Martin Abern">Abern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Avrich" title="Paul Avrich">Avrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwasi_Balagoon" title="Kuwasi Balagoon">Balagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Bellamy (Edward)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bellamy" title="Francis Bellamy">Bellamy (Francis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_L._Berger" title="Victor L. Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Bruenig" title="Elizabeth Bruenig">Bruenig (Elizabeth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Bruenig" title="Matt Bruenig">Bruenig (Matt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Brisbane" title="Albert Brisbane">Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Brooks_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Brooks (political commentator)">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Browder" title="Earl Browder">Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cori_Bush" title="Cori Bush">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Cannon" title="James P. Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Cantor" title="Dan Cantor">Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokely_Carmichael" title="Stokely Carmichael">Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Clark" title="Peter H. Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cockburn" title="Alexander Cockburn">Cockburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Davis (Angela)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodi_Dean" title="Jodi Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_De_Leon" title="Daniel De Leon">De Leon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Dennis" title="Eugene Dennis">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Dreiser" title="Theodore Dreiser">Dreiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Ehrenreich" title="Barbara Ehrenreich">Ehrenreich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Fearing" title="Kenneth Fearing">Fearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Feinberg" title="Leslie Feinberg">Feinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gurley_Flynn" title="Elizabeth Gurley Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Ford" title="James W. Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Z._Foster" title="William Z. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wilson_Gilmore" title="Ruth Wilson Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gitlow" title="Benjamin Gitlow">Gitlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Batchelder_Greene" title="William Batchelder Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiell_Hammett" title="Dashiell Hammett">Hammett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yip_Harburg" title="Yip Harburg">Harburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Harrington" title="Michael Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Harrison" title="Hubert Harrison">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Hay" title="Harry Hay">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Haywood" title="Bill Haywood">Haywood (Bill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Haywood" title="Harry Haywood">Haywood (Harry)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Heywood" title="Angela Heywood">Heywood (Angela)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Heywood" title="Ezra Heywood">Heywood (Ezra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Hill_(activist)" title="Joe Hill (activist)">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Hillquit" title="Morris Hillquit">Hillquit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Hoan" title="Daniel Hoan">Hoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredric_Jameson" title="Fredric Jameson">Jameson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Labadie" title="Jo Labadie">Labadie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_London" title="Jack London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Lovestone" title="Jay Lovestone">Lovestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyer_Lum" title="Dyer Lum">Lum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Marcy" title="Sam Marcy">Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_McReynolds" title="David McReynolds">McReynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlene_Mitchell" title="Charlene Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Morello" title="Tom Morello">Morello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Humphrey_Noyes" title="John Humphrey Noyes">Noyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Ochs" title="Phil Ochs">Ochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Panken" title="Jacob Panken">Panken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Parenti" title="Michael Parenti">Parenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Parsons" title="Albert Parsons">Parsons (Albert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons (Lucy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Piker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Fox_Piven" title="Frances Fox Piven">Piven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_(journalist)" title="John Reed (journalist)">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ripley_(transcendentalist)" title="George Ripley (transcendentalist)">Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Robbins" title="Matilda Robbins">Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_J._Robinson" title="Nathan J. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zack_de_la_Rocha" title="Zack de la Rocha">Rocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Roediger" title="David Roediger">Roediger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Rustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ruthenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Ruthenberg">Ruthenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco and Vanzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Sandburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshama_Sawant" title="Kshama Sawant">Sawant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Seale" title="Bobby Seale">Seale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Seidel" title="Emil Seidel">Seidel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Shachtman" title="Max Shachtman">Shachtman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assata_Shakur" title="Assata Shakur">Shakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._F._Stone" title="I. F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaskar_Sunkara" title="Bhaskar Sunkara">Sunkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sweezy" title="Paul Sweezy">Sweezy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serj_Tankian" title="Serj Tankian">Tankian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Turner" title="Nina Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Wolff" title="Richard D. Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Meiksins_Wood" title="Ellen Meiksins Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Olin_Wright" title="Erik Olin Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Zeidler" title="Frank Zeidler">Zeidler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Active organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Riders_Liberation_Party" title="Black Riders Liberation Party">Black Riders Liberation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Socialists_in_America" title="Black Socialists in America">Black Socialists in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialists_of_America" title="Democratic Socialists of America">Democratic Socialists of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_New_York_(2010)" title="Freedom Party of New York (2010)">Freedom Party of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Road_Socialist_Organization" title="Freedom Road Socialist Organization">Freedom Road Socialist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Freedom Socialist Party">Freedom Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Mountain_Peace_and_Justice_Party" title="Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party">Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal Marijuana Now">Legal Marijuana Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Progressive_Party_(United_States)_state_affiliates" title="Category:National Progressive Party (United States) state affiliates">National Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Afrikan_Black_Panther_Party" title="New Afrikan Black Panther Party">New Afrikan Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Party for Socialism and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Dane" title="Progressive Dane">Progressive Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labor_Party_(United_States)" title="Progressive Labor Party (United States)">Progressive Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redneck_Revolt" title="Redneck Revolt">Redneck Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party,_USA" title="Revolutionary Communist Party, USA">Revolutionary Communist Party, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Workers_Party" title="South Carolina Workers Party">South Carolina Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Rifle_Association" title="Socialist Rifle Association">Socialist Rifle Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_(U.S._organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spark (U.S. organization)">Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartacist_League_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartacist League (US)">Spartacist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">Working Families Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Class_Party" title="Working Class Party">Working Class Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Party_of_the_United_States" title="World Socialist Party of the United States">World Socialist Party of the United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Inactive or defunct organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Movement" title="American Indian Movement">American Indian Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Labor_Party" title="American Labor Party">American Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Union_of_Associationists" title="American Union of Associationists">American Union of Associationists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Workers_Party" title="American Workers Party">American Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens Party (United States)">Citizens Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_League_of_America" title="Communist League of America">Communist League of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_League_of_Struggle" title="Communist League of Struggle">Communist League of Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers%27_Party_(United_States)" title="Communist Workers' Party (United States)">Communist Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Federation" title="Democratic Socialist Federation">Democratic Socialist Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee" title="Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee">Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Farmer–Labor Party">Farmer–Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Party_(United_States)" title="Human Rights Party (United States)">Human Rights Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Workers Party (United States)">Independent Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialists_(United_States)" title="International Socialists (United States)">International Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Organization" title="International Socialist Organization">International Socialist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workingmen%27s_Association_in_America" title="International Workingmen's Association in America">International Workingmen's Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(United_States)" title="Justice Party (United States)">Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Labor Party of the United States">Labor Party of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(United_States,_1996)" title="Labor Party (United States, 1996)">Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_Internationalist_Movement" title="Maoist Internationalist Movement">Maoist Internationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guards_(United_States)" title="Red Guards (United States)">Red Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_American_Movement" title="New American Movement">New American Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(United_States)" title="New Party (United States)">New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonpartisan_League" title="Nonpartisan League">Nonpartisan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Party_(1970s)" title="Patriot Party (1970s)">Patriot Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1971)" title="People's Party (United States, 1971)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Party_of_America" title="Proletarian Party of America">Proletarian Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialist_League_(U.S.)" title="Revolutionary Socialist League (U.S.)">Revolutionary Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Youth_Movement" title="Revolutionary Youth Movement">Revolutionary Youth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_America" title="Social Democracy of America">Social Democracy of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Federation_(United_States)" title="Social Democratic Federation (United States)">Social Democratic Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_America" title="Social Democratic Party of America">Social Democratic Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist Party of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Students for a Democratic Society">SDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_Underground" title="Weather Underground">Weather Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Panther_Party" title="White Panther Party">White Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Workers Party of the United States">Workers Party of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Lords" title="Young Lords">Young Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Patriots_Organization" title="Young Patriots Organization">Young Patriots Organization</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_Reason_(newspaper)" title="Appeal to Reason (newspaper)">Appeal to Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Current_Affairs_(magazine)" title="Current Affairs (magazine)">Current Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Worker" title="Daily Worker">Daily Worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissent_(American_magazine)" title="Dissent (American magazine)">Dissent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Review_(1900)" title="International Socialist Review (1900)">International Socialist Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jungle" title="The Jungle">The Jungle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looking_Backward" title="Looking Backward">Looking Backward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly_Capital" title="Monopoly Capital">Monopoly Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Review" title="Monthly Review">Monthly Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_America" title="The Other America">The Other America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_People%27s_History_of_the_United_States" title="A People's History of the United States">A People's History of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settlers:_The_Mythology_of_the_White_Proletariat" title="Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat">Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Socialism" title="Voluntary Socialism">Voluntary Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_Socialism%3F" title="Why Socialism?">Why Socialism?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNetwork" title="ZNetwork">ZNetwork</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Left" title="American Left">American Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">in the US</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Anarcho-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_socialism" title="Bill of Rights socialism">Bill of Rights socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist anarchism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">in the US</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_history_of_the_United_States" title="Labor history of the United States">Labor history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_labor_law" title="United States labor law">Labor laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Labor unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-left_anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-left anarchy">Post-left anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">Scientific socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #d33; border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/75px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/113px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/150px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border-top:1px solid #d33; border-bottom:0px solid;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_socialism" title="Outline of socialism">Outline</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">Calculation in kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_equal_liberty#Equal_liberty" title="Law of equal liberty">Equal liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Freed market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Input%E2%80%93output_model" title="Input–output model">Input–output model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-time_calculation" title="Labor-time calculation">Labour-time calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_balance_planning" title="Material balance planning">Material balance planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_peer-to-peer_processes#P2P_economic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Social peer-to-peer processes">Peer‑to‑peer economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_for_use" title="Production for use">Production for use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Spontaneism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dividend" title="Social dividend">Social dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">Socialism in one country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">Socialist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_democracy" title="Soviet democracy">Soviet democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_each_according_to_his_contribution" title="To each according to his contribution">To each according to his contribution</a>/<a href="/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_needs" title="From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs">needs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguardism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Models</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Relationship_with_socialism" title="Planned economy">Socialist planned economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive Democracy">Inclusive Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAS" title="OGAS">OGAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cybersyn" title="Project Cybersyn">Project Cybersyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Soviet-type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lange_model" title="Lange model">Lange model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist-oriented_market_economy" title="Socialist-oriented market economy">Socialist-oriented market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_socialism" title="Types of socialism">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">21st-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanquism" title="Blanquism">Blanquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_road_to_socialism" title="Democratic road to socialism">Democratic road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-utopianism" title="Cyber-utopianism">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary socialism">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourierism" title="Fourierism">Fourierism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_socialism" title="Gandhian socialism">Gandhian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire#Socialism" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Marhaenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_socialism" title="Municipal socialism">Municipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkrumaism" title="Nkrumaism">Nkrumaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenism" title="Owenism">Owenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular socialism">Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardian_socialism" title="Ricardian socialism">Ricardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon#Ideas" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewer_socialism" title="Sewer socialism">Sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World_socialism" title="Third World socialism">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_socialism" title="Yellow socialism">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buonarroti" title="Philippe Buonarroti">Buonarroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Leroux" title="Pierre Leroux">Leroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Sue" title="Eugène Sue">Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui" title="Louis Auguste Blanqui">Blanqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Herzen" title="Alexander Herzen">Herzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Lavrov" title="Pyotr Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin" title="Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin">Saltykov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Chernyshevsky" title="Nikolay Chernyshevsky">Chernyshevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Korsch" title="Karl Korsch">Korsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Vanzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Bordiga" title="Amadeo Bordiga">Bordiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Serge" title="Victor Serge">Serge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._L._R._James" title="C. L. R. James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Montseny" title="Federica Montseny">Montseny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Wolff" title="Richard D. Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" title="Yanis Varoufakis">Varoufakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohei_Saito" title="Kohei Saito">Saito</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracchi">Gracchi Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan" title="Hong Xiuquan">Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Markievicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Liebknecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Martov" title="Julius Martov">Martov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Trotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Kerensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Spiridonova" title="Maria Spiridonova">Spiridonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy" title="Imre Nagy">Nagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einar_Gerhardsen" title="Einar Gerhardsen">Gerhardsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tage_Erlander" title="Tage Erlander">Erlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Senghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinus_van_der_Lubbe" title="Marinus van der Lubbe">van der Lubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Kreisky" title="Bruno Kreisky">Kreisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Dubček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Manley" title="Michael Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olof_Palme" title="Olof Palme">Palme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sankara" title="Thomas Sankara">Sankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcomandante_Marcos" title="Subcomandante Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_organizations" title="Category:Socialist organizations">Organizations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_socialist_organizations" title="Category:International socialist organizations">International socialist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_parties" title="Category:Socialist parties">Socialist parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_society" title="Communist society">Communist society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_socialism" title="Criticism of socialism">Criticism of socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_calculation_problem" title="Economic calculation problem">Economic calculation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_system" title="Economic system">Economic system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Left" title="French Left">French Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_economists" title="List of socialist economists">List of socialist economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_abolitionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market abolitionism">Market abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_philosophy" title="Marxist philosophy">Marxist philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanosocialism" title="Nanosocialism">Nanosocialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialism and LGBT rights">Socialism and LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party" title="Socialist Party">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">Socialist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; 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Solidarity is an organizational descendant of the <a href="/wiki/International_Socialists_(United_States)" title="International Socialists (United States)">International Socialists</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Third_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Camp">Third Camp</a> <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> organization which argued that the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> was not a "degenerated workers' state" (as <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Trotskyism" title="Orthodox Trotskyism">orthodox Trotskyists</a> argue) but rather "<a href="/wiki/Bureaucratic_collectivism" title="Bureaucratic collectivism">bureaucratic collectivism</a>," a new and especially repressive class society.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Solidarity describes itself as "a democratic, revolutionary socialist, feminist, anti-racist organization."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its roots are in strains of the <a href="/wiki/Trotskyist" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotskyist">Trotskyist</a> tradition but has departed from many aspects of traditional <a href="/wiki/Leninist" class="mw-redirect" title="Leninist">Leninism</a> and Trotskyism. It is more loosely organized than most "<a href="/wiki/Democratic_centralist" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic centralist">democratic centralist</a>" groups, and it does not see itself as the <a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">vanguard of the working class</a> or the nucleus of a vanguard. It was formed in 1986 from a fusion of the <a href="/wiki/International_Socialists_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Socialists (US)">International Socialists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workers_Power_(United_States)" title="Workers Power (United States)">Workers Power</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Unity_(United_States)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialist Unity (United States) (page does not exist)">Socialist Unity</a>. The former two groups had recently been reunited in a single organization, while the last was an expelled fragment of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a> (SWP). Solidarity's name was originally in part an homage to <a href="/wiki/Solidarno%C5%9B%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarność">Solidarność</a> — a US-backed labor union in Communist Poland which, in Solidarity's view, had challenged the Soviet Union from the left.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As of its 2011 convention, Solidarity is a sympathizing organization of the official <a href="/wiki/Fourth_International_(post-reunification)" title="Fourth International (post-reunification)">Fourth International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solidarity_(United_States)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Fourth_International_Caucus"></span> From the beginning, Solidarity was an avowedly pluralist radical organization that included several currents of <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">socialist-feminists</a> who had been in the <a href="/wiki/New_American_Movement" title="New American Movement">New American Movement</a>, and veterans of earlier <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> groups such as <a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Students for a Democratic Society">Students for a Democratic Society</a>. Solidarity sought to "regroup" with others to create a larger revolutionary socialist-feminist organization. They hoped to initiate a broad regroupment that would include, for example, some of the fragments of the disintegrating <a href="/wiki/New_Communist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="New Communist Movement">New Communist Movement</a> and many more socialist-feminists and New Left veterans. Discussions of regroupment and "Left Refoundation" have been initiated between Solidarity and other left groups of varying tendencies from the 1980s to the present, but these have not led to broader fusions. </p><p>Smaller-scale regroupments have occurred, however. During the 1990s, two organizations fused with Solidarity—the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Internationalist_Tendency" title="Fourth Internationalist Tendency">Fourth Internationalist Tendency</a> (a group expelled from the SWP) and Activists for Independent Socialist Politics (a <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a> split that had previously worked in <a href="/wiki/Committees_of_Correspondence_for_Democracy_and_Socialism" title="Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism">Committees of Correspondence</a>). In 2002, members of the Trotskyist League joined Solidarity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strategy">Strategy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solidarity_(United_States)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solidarity members often work in various unions for shop-floor militancy and rank-and-file democracy, and some have played key roles in maintaining and providing staff for <a href="/wiki/Labor_Notes" title="Labor Notes">Labor Notes</a> magazine and <a href="/wiki/Teamsters_for_a_Democratic_Union" title="Teamsters for a Democratic Union">Teamsters for a Democratic Union</a>. Solidarity members have worked in many other mass movements in the US, including the anti-apartheid, reproductive rights, LGBTQ, Central American solidarity, Free <a href="/wiki/Mumia_Abu-Jamal" title="Mumia Abu-Jamal">Mumia Abu-Jamal</a>, anti-war, and Global Justice movements, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (United States)">Green Party</a> and the 1990s attempt at building a mass <a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(United_States,_1996)" title="Labor Party (United States, 1996)">Labor Party</a>. Solidarity members were deeply involved in <a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a> and Occupy in other cities since the Fall of 2011. </p><p>Solidarity prides itself on a "non-<a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">sectarian</a>" approach to building these movements, and traditionally has prioritized the movements over building itself: "Too often socialist groups have seen the development of a movement not for what it is and can become, but only what it might offer in the way of recruits. We reject this conception and affirm the need for an effective class movement in and for itself, which requires new forms of action, thinking and dialogue rather than repeating the known formulas" (<i>Regroupment & Refoundation of a U.S. Left</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Solidarity publishes a bi-monthly Marxist journal, <i>Against the Current</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is produced by an editorial board including Solidarity members and independent socialists. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2010_midterm_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 midterm elections">2010 midterm elections</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dan_La_Botz" title="Dan La Botz">Dan La Botz</a>, a member of Solidarity and a co-editor of <a href="/wiki/New_Politics_(magazine)" title="New Politics (magazine)">New Politics</a>, ran for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> under the banner of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Ohio" title="Socialist Party of Ohio">Socialist Party of Ohio</a> and received 26,454 votes, or 0.69% of the total vote.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidential_endorsements">Presidential endorsements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solidarity_(United_States)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Presidential endorsements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2000, Solidarity endorsed both the Green Party's <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/David_McReynolds" title="David McReynolds">David McReynolds</a> for President. In August 2004, Solidarity again endorsed the now independent candidacy of Ralph Nader. In 2008, the organization endorsed <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney" title="Cynthia McKinney">Cynthia McKinney</a> of the Green Party for President.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, Solidarity urged its members to vote for the nominees of either the Green Party, Peace and Freedom, or Socialist Party USA.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For 2016, the organization again endorsed <a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a> of the Green Party for President.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>, Solidarity initially endorsed the campaign of <a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Howie Hawkins</a> in November 2019, who was running as the candidate for the Socialist Party and the Green Party.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization later decided in August 2020, after a poll of its members, to take no official position regarding the presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>President </th> <th>Vice President </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>Endorsed Party </th></tr> <tr style="background:#17aa5c"> <th rowspan="2align=center"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a> </td> <td align="right">2,882,955 </td> <td align="center">Green Party US </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FF6060"> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/David_McReynolds" title="David McReynolds">David McReynolds</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cal_Hollis" title="Mary Cal Hollis">Mary Cal Hollis</a> </td> <td align="right">5,602 </td> <td align="center">Socialist Party USA </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC"> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Camejo" title="Peter Camejo">Peter Camejo</a> </td> <td align="right">465,650 </td> <td align="center">Independent </td></tr> <tr style="background:#17aa5c"> <th align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a></b> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney" title="Cynthia McKinney">Cynthia McKinney</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Clemente" title="Rosa Clemente">Rosa Clemente</a> </td> <td align="right">161,797 </td> <td align="center">Green Party US </td></tr> <tr style="background:#17aa5c"> <th rowspan="3" align="center"><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Cheri_Honkala" title="Cheri Honkala">Cheri Honkala</a> </td> <td align="right">469,627 </td> <td align="center">Green Party US </td></tr> <tr style="background:#00FF00"> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Roseanne_Barr" title="Roseanne Barr">Roseanne Barr</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Sheehan" title="Cindy Sheehan">Cindy Sheehan</a> </td> <td align="right">67,326 </td> <td align="center">Peace and Freedom </td></tr> <tr style="background:#FF6060"> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Mendoza" class="mw-redirect" title="Alex Mendoza">Alex Mendoza</a> </td> <td align="right">4,430 </td> <td align="center">Socialist Party USA </td></tr> <tr style="background:#17aa5c"> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a> </th> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a> </td> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ajamu_Baraka" title="Ajamu Baraka">Ajamu Baraka</a> </td> <td align="right">1,457,218 </td> <td align="center">Green Party US </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a> </th> <td colspan="2" align="center">No official position </td> <td align="center">N/A </td> <td align="center">N/A </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solidarity_(United_States)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_El-Amin" title="Theresa El-Amin">Theresa El-Amin</a>, political activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Howie Hawkins</a>, political and labor union activist associated with the Green Party</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_La_Botz" title="Dan La Botz">Dan La Botz</a>, labor union activist, academic, journalist, and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Moody" title="Kim Moody">Kim Moody</a>, academic, journalist, and author</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solidarity_(United_States)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?site119">"USA - Solidarity - International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine"</a>. <i>internationalviewpoint.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=internationalviewpoint.org&rft.atitle=USA+-+Solidarity+-+International+Viewpoint+-+online+socialist+magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finternationalviewpoint.org%2Fspip.php%3Fsite119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarity+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solidarity-us.org/foundingstatement/">"Solidarity Founding Statement"</a>. <i>Solidarity</i>. 2006-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Solidarity&rft.atitle=Solidarity+Founding+Statement&rft.date=2006-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolidarity-us.org%2Ffoundingstatement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarity+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solidarity-us.org/what-is-the-rank-and-file-strategy-and-why-does-it-matter/">"What is the Rank-and-File Strategy, and Why Does It Matter?"</a>. <i>Solidarity</i>. 2019-04-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Solidarity&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Rank-and-File+Strategy%2C+and+Why+Does+It+Matter%3F&rft.date=2019-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolidarity-us.org%2Fwhat-is-the-rank-and-file-strategy-and-why-does-it-matter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarity+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://againstthecurrent.org/atc208/provocative-presence-of-a-difficult-past/">"Dead Trotskyists Society: Provocative Presence of a Difficult Past"</a>. <i>Against the Current</i>. 2020-09-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Against+the+Current&rft.atitle=Dead+Trotskyists+Society%3A+Provocative+Presence+of+a+Difficult+Past&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagainstthecurrent.org%2Fatc208%2Fprovocative-presence-of-a-difficult-past%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarity+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fourth.international/en/organisations">"Organizations | Fourth International"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International_(post-reunification)" title="Fourth International (post-reunification)">Fourth International</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fourth+International&rft.atitle=Organizations+%7C+Fourth+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffourth.international%2Fen%2Forganisations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarity+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLichtenstein2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Lichtenstein" title="Nelson Lichtenstein">Lichtenstein, Nelson</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/1693_reg.html"><i>Labor's war at home: The CIO in World War II</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> (second ed.). Philadelphia PA: Temple University Press. p. xxiii (footnote 2). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59213-196-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-59213-196-4"><bdi>1-59213-196-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Labor%27s+war+at+home%3A+The+CIO+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Philadelphia+PA&rft.pages=xxiii+%28footnote-2%29&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-59213-196-4&rft.aulast=Lichtenstein&rft.aufirst=Nelson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.temple.edu%2Ftempress%2Ftitles%2F1693_reg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarity+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solidarity-us.org/">Solidarity | A democratic, revolutionary socialist, feminist, anti-racist organization</a> official Web site.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internationalviewpoint.org/spip.php?rubrique19">Fourth International</a>, International Viewpoint.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.solidarity-us.org/site/refounding">[1]</a> Web site.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solidarity-us.org/atc">Against the Current</a> Web site.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Senator: November 2, 2010, Amended Official Results, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sos.state.oh.us/sos/elections/Research/electResultsMain/2010results/20101102senator.aspx">http://www.sos.state.oh.us/sos/elections/Research/electResultsMain/2010results/20101102senator.aspx</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.solidarity-us.org/node/1604">A Campaign with Issues</a>", <i>Against the Current</i> editorial, July/August 2008 (accessed 24 July 2008).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solidarity-us.org/2012_elections/">"Statement on the 2012 US Elections"</a>. <i>solidarity-us.org</i>. Solidarity. August 31, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=solidarity-us.org&rft.atitle=Statement+on+the+2012+US+Elections&rft.date=2012-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolidarity-us.org%2F2012_elections%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarity+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solidarity-us.org/openlettertosanderssupporters/">"An Open Letter to Bernie Sanders Supporters from Solidarity, a socialist, feminist, anti-racist organization"</a>. <i>solidarity-us.org</i>. Solidarity. September 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=solidarity-us.org&rft.atitle=An+Open+Letter+to+Bernie+Sanders+Supporters+from+Solidarity%2C+a+socialist%2C+feminist%2C+anti-racist+organization&rft.date=2015-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolidarity-us.org%2Fopenlettertosanderssupporters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarity+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solidarity-us.org/atc/203/hawins-for-president/">"Howie Hawkins for President"</a>. <i>solidarity-us.org</i>. 31 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=solidarity-us.org&rft.atitle=Howie+Hawkins+for+President&rft.date=2019-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolidarity-us.org%2Fatc%2F203%2Fhawins-for-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarity+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Finkel2020" class="citation web cs1">David Finkel (23 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solidarity-us.org/solidarity_election_poll/">"Solidarity's Election Poll"</a>. <i>Solidarity</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Solidarity&rft.atitle=Solidarity%27s+Election+Poll&rft.date=2020-08-23&rft.au=David+Finkel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolidarity-us.org%2Fsolidarity_election_poll%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolidarity+%28United+States%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Communist_party" title="Communist party">communist parties</a> in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxist–Leninist</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(including <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaist</a> parties)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Communist Party of Puerto Rico">Communist Party of Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA_(Provisional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party USA (Provisional)">Communist Party USA (Provisional)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Road_Socialist_Organization" title="Freedom Road Socialist Organization">Freedom Road Socialist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Afrikan_Black_Panther_Party" title="New Afrikan Black Panther Party">New Afrikan Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Party for Socialism and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labor_Party_(United_States)" title="Progressive Labor Party (United States)">Progressive Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party,_USA" title="Revolutionary Communist Party, USA">Revolutionary Communist Party, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_People%27s_Socialist_Party" title="African People's Socialist Party">African People's Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-African_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party" title="All-African People's Revolutionary Party">All-African People's Revolutionary Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Workers%27_Revolutionary_Party" title="Puerto Rican Workers' Revolutionary Party">Puerto Rican Workers' Revolutionary Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Black_Panther_Party" title="Revolutionary Black Panther Party">Revolutionary Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Front_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Socialist Front (Puerto Rico)">Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Socialist_Movement_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Workers' Socialist Movement (Puerto Rico)">Workers' Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Party_of_the_United_States" title="World Socialist Party of the United States">World Socialist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Communism" title="Portal:Communism">Communism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communist_parties" title="List of communist parties">List of communist parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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