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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Factions and activity after World War I</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Factions_and_activity_after_World_War_I-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Factions and activity after World War I subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Factions_and_activity_after_World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Factions,_1920_split_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factions,_1920_split_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Factions, 1920 split and aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Factions,_1920_split_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestine_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestine_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Palestine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestine_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolshevik_Revolution_and_USSR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolshevik_Revolution_and_USSR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Bolshevik Revolution and USSR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolshevik_Revolution_and_USSR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worldwide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worldwide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Worldwide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worldwide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-World_Union_of_Zionists–Socialists_(1932)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Union_of_Zionists–Socialists_(1932)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>World Union of Zionists–Socialists (1932)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Union_of_Zionists–Socialists_(1932)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Holocaust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Holocaust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The Holocaust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Holocaust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mandatory_Palestine_and_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mandatory_Palestine_and_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mandatory Palestine and Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mandatory_Palestine_and_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Youth_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youth_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Youth movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Youth_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worldwide_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worldwide_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Worldwide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worldwide_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B5%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="عمال صهيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمال صهيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poal%C3%A9_Tsiyyon" title="Poalé Tsiyyon – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Poalé Tsiyyon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%27alej_Cijon" title="Po'alej Cijon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Po'alej Cijon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poale_Zion" title="Poale Zion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Poale Zion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poalei_Zion" title="Poalei Zion – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poalei Zion" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poalei_Zion" title="Poalei Zion – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Poalei Zion" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poale_Zion" title="Poale Zion – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Poale Zion" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="פועלי ציון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פועלי ציון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poale_Zion" title="Poale Zion – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Poale Zion" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poale_Sion" title="Poale Sion – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Poale Sion" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poalej_Syjon" title="Poalej Syjon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Poalej Syjon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poale_Zion" title="Poale Zion – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Poale Zion" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Поалей Цион – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Поалей Цион" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poalej_Cion" title="Poalej Cion – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Poalej Cion" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%A6%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Поалей-Ціон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Поалей-Ціон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="錫安工人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="錫安工人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">20th-century Jewish political party and organisation</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #9F3A3C; border-bottom:2px solid #9F3A3C; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Poale Zion</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">פועלי ציון</span>‎</span></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_Polaei_Zion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Logo_of_Polaei_Zion.svg/180px-Logo_of_Polaei_Zion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Logo_of_Polaei_Zion.svg/270px-Logo_of_Polaei_Zion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Logo_of_Polaei_Zion.svg/360px-Logo_of_Polaei_Zion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Zerubavel" title="Ya'akov Zerubavel">Ya'akov Zerubavel</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Early 20th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Labor Zionism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Centrist_Marxism" title="Centrist Marxism">Centrist Marxism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Poale Zion</b> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">פועלי ציון</span>, also <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Yiddish">romanized</a> <i>Poalei Tziyon</i> or <i>Poaley Syjon</i>, meaning "Workers of <a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a>") was a movement of <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a>–<a href="/wiki/Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist">Zionist</a> <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> workers founded in various cities of <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> at about the turn of the 20th century after the <a href="/wiki/General_Jewish_Labour_Bund_in_Lithuania,_Poland_and_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia">Bund</a> rejected Zionism in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation_and_early_years">Formation and early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Formation and early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-left" typeof="mw:File"><span title="chart of zionist workers parties"><img alt="chart of zionist workers parties" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Pre-State_Zionist_Workers%27_Parties_chart.png/360px-Pre-State_Zionist_Workers%27_Parties_chart.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="421" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Pre-State_Zionist_Workers%27_Parties_chart.png/540px-Pre-State_Zionist_Workers%27_Parties_chart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Pre-State_Zionist_Workers%27_Parties_chart.png/720px-Pre-State_Zionist_Workers%27_Parties_chart.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1451" usemap="#ImageMap_95f541b58cf18347" resource="/wiki/File:Pre-State_Zionist_Workers%27_Parties_chart.png" /></span><map name="ImageMap_95f541b58cf18347"><area href="/wiki/Hapoel_Hatzair" shape="rect" coords="48,24,129,73" alt="Hapoel Hatzair" title="Hapoel Hatzair" /><area href="/wiki/The_non-partisans_(pre-state_Zionist_political_movement)" shape="rect" coords="131,26,208,77" alt="Non Partisans" title="Non Partisans" /><area href="/wiki/Poale_Zion" shape="rect" coords="209,25,289,71" alt="Poalei Zion" title="Poalei Zion" /><area href="/wiki/Hapoel_HaMizrachi" shape="rect" coords="44,92,108,146" alt="HaPoel HaMizrachi" title="HaPoel HaMizrachi" /><area href="/wiki/Ahdut_HaAvoda" shape="rect" coords="160,95,257,149" alt="Ahdut HaAvoda" title="Ahdut HaAvoda" /><area href="/wiki/Poale_Zion#Factions,_1920_split_and_aftermath" shape="rect" coords="259,87,322,155" alt="Poalei Zion Left" title="Poalei Zion Left" /><area href="/wiki/Mapai" shape="rect" coords="82,151,194,269" alt="Mapai" title="Mapai" /><area href="/wiki/HaOved_HaTzioni" shape="rect" coords="1,193,49,416" alt="HaOved HaTzioni" title="HaOved HaTzioni" /><area href="/wiki/Ahdut_HaAvoda#Ahdut_HaAvoda_Movement" shape="rect" coords="202,217,266,277" alt="Ahdut HaAvoda Movement" title="Ahdut HaAvoda Movement" /><area href="/wiki/Ahdut_HaAvoda#Ahdut_HaAvoda_Poale_Zion_Movement" shape="rect" coords="219,284,278,358" alt="Ahdut HaAvoda Poalei ZIon" title="Ahdut HaAvoda Poalei ZIon" /><area href="/wiki/Mapam" shape="rect" coords="225,367,330,419" alt="Mapam" title="Mapam" /><area href="/wiki/Hashomer_Hatzair_Workers_Party" shape="rect" coords="280,297,358,353" alt="HaShomer Hatzair Workers' Party" title="HaShomer Hatzair Workers' Party" /><area href="/wiki/Hashomer_Hatzair" shape="rect" coords="303,166,356,222" alt="HaShomer HaTzair" title="HaShomer HaTzair" /><area href="/wiki/Socialist_League_of_Palestine" shape="rect" coords="273,223,342,267" alt="Socialist League of Palestine" title="Socialist League of Palestine" /><area href="/wiki/Mapai" shape="rect" coords="112,370,213,420" alt="Mapai" title="Mapai" /><area href="/wiki/Hapoel_HaMizrachi" shape="rect" coords="106,366,50,420" alt="HaPoel HaMizrachi" title="HaPoel HaMizrachi" /><area href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" shape="rect" coords="10,2,356,24" alt="Labor Zionism" title="Labor Zionism" /></map><figcaption>chart of zionist workers parties</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ideology">Ideology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The key features of the ideology of early Poale Zion were acceptance of the <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> view of history with the addition of the role of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>, which theorist <a href="/wiki/Ber_Borochov" title="Ber Borochov">Ber Borochov</a>, a leader of Poale Zion, believed could not be ignored as a factor in historical development. A Jewish proletariat would come into being in the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a>, according to Poale Zion, and would then take part in the <a href="/wiki/Class_struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Class struggle">class struggle</a>. These views were set out in Borochov's <i>Our Platform</i>, published in 1906. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_parties_and_organisations">Early parties and organisations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early parties and organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_POALEI_ZION.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_POALEI_ZION.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_POALEI_ZION.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_POALEI_ZION.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_POALEI_ZION.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_POALEI_ZION.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_POALEI_ZION.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2955" data-file-height="2130" /></a><figcaption>Poalei Zion's "Ezra" group in <a href="/wiki/Plonsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Plonsk">Płońsk</a>, 1905. David Grün (<a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>) in the first row, third on the right.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_group_of_Poalei_Zion_from_Warsaw,_1905_-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/A_group_of_Poalei_Zion_from_Warsaw%2C_1905_-1.jpg/220px-A_group_of_Poalei_Zion_from_Warsaw%2C_1905_-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/A_group_of_Poalei_Zion_from_Warsaw%2C_1905_-1.jpg/330px-A_group_of_Poalei_Zion_from_Warsaw%2C_1905_-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/A_group_of_Poalei_Zion_from_Warsaw%2C_1905_-1.jpg/440px-A_group_of_Poalei_Zion_from_Warsaw%2C_1905_-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3043" data-file-height="1926" /></a><figcaption>Poalei Zion members in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congress_Poland" title="Congress Poland">Congress Poland</a>, 1905. Standing, from right to left: Eliezer Salzkin and <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Tabenkin" title="Yitzhak Tabenkin">Yitzhak Tabenkin</a>. Sitting, from right to left: Max Tabenkin, who never emigrated to Israel, Eva Tabenkin, Yosef Zaltzman and Elkana Horowitz.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben-Zvi,_Yaacov_Zrubavel,_Ben-Gurion,_Brenner,_Aharon_Reuveni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ben-Zvi%2C_Yaacov_Zrubavel%2C_Ben-Gurion%2C_Brenner%2C_Aharon_Reuveni.jpg/220px-Ben-Zvi%2C_Yaacov_Zrubavel%2C_Ben-Gurion%2C_Brenner%2C_Aharon_Reuveni.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ben-Zvi%2C_Yaacov_Zrubavel%2C_Ben-Gurion%2C_Brenner%2C_Aharon_Reuveni.jpg/330px-Ben-Zvi%2C_Yaacov_Zrubavel%2C_Ben-Gurion%2C_Brenner%2C_Aharon_Reuveni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ben-Zvi%2C_Yaacov_Zrubavel%2C_Ben-Gurion%2C_Brenner%2C_Aharon_Reuveni.jpg/440px-Ben-Zvi%2C_Yaacov_Zrubavel%2C_Ben-Gurion%2C_Brenner%2C_Aharon_Reuveni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>The editorial staff of <i>HaAhdut</i>. Right to left: seated – <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Zvi" title="Yitzhak Ben-Zvi">Yitzhak Ben-Zvi</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Haim_Brenner" title="Yosef Haim Brenner">Yosef Haim Brenner</a>; standing – Aharon Reuveni (Ben-Zvi's brother), <a href="/wiki/Ya%27akov_Zerubavel" title="Ya'akov Zerubavel">Ya'akov Zerubavel</a> (1910).</figcaption></figure> <p>Poale Zion parties and organisations were started across the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Jewish diaspora</a> in the early 20th century. A branch of Poale Zion came into existence in New York City in 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Branches were formed in London and Leeds in 1903/04 and 1905 respectively<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on a national basis in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014217_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014217-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Austrian group was formed in 1904, and published a newspaper, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yidisher_Arbeyter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yidisher Arbeyter (page does not exist)">Yidisher Arbeyter</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014158_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014158-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1905 the Poale Zion (Workers of Zion) Party was founded in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and a month later the Socialist Jewish Labour Party (Poale Zion) was formed in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Labour_Movement_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Labour_Movement-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1906, the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Communist_Labour_Party_(Poalei_Zion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Communist Labour Party (Poalei Zion)">Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party (Poale Zion)</a> was founded in Russia under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Ber_Borochov" title="Ber Borochov">Ber Borochov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Itzhak_Ben-Zvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Itzhak Ben-Zvi">Itzhak Ben-Zvi</a>.,<sup id="cite_ref-Jewish_Labour_Movement_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jewish_Labour_Movement-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other groups were soon formed elsewhere in Europe. A French group was formed, under the leadership of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marc_Jarblum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marc Jarblum (page does not exist)">Marc Jarblum</a>, which was influential on the <a href="/wiki/SFIO" class="mw-redirect" title="SFIO">SFIO</a> and its leader <a href="/wiki/Leon_Blum" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon Blum">Leon Blum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1907, the party had 25,000 members in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014134_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014134-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the threat of <a href="/wiki/Pogroms_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Pogroms in the Russian Empire">pogroms</a>, and meeting clandestinely, the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> Poale Zion formed a commando unit (bojówka) with around sixty guns. They were used to "expropriate" funds from well-to-do citizens. In March 1906 the entire Warsaw leadership were amongst the 120 delegates arrested attending the Poale Zion conference in <a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a>. Three months later eighteen gunmen raided Warsaw railway station, stealing cash and leaving "a receipt in the name of Warsaw's Poale Zion".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeveth198730,_34_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeveth198730,_34-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_coordination">Global coordination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Global coordination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A World Union of Poale Zion was formed. The first World Congress took place in August 1907 in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>. Its second congress in 1909 in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> emphasised practical socialist projects in Palestine, further congresses followed in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> (1911 and 1920) and <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> (1919). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine">Palestine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Palestine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A conference in the name of the <i>Jewish Social-Democratic Workers' Party in the Land of Israel</i> was held in <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a> between 4–6 October 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeveth198745_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeveth198745-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELockman199646–47_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELockman199646–47-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was organised by <a href="/wiki/Israel_Shochat" title="Israel Shochat">Israel Shochat</a> who over the previous two years had organised an underground group of around 25 Poale Zion followers. About 60 people attended the conference and it was chaired by newly arrived <a href="/wiki/David_Ben_Gurion" class="mw-redirect" title="David Ben Gurion">David Ben Gurion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeveth198745_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeveth198745-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result the following January they produced <i>The <a href="/wiki/Ramleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramleh">Ramleh</a> Program</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> version of the <i><a href="/wiki/Communist_Manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Manifesto">Communist Manifesto</a></i> with the added declaration: 'the party aspires to political independence of the Jewish People in this country."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELockman199646–47_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELockman199646–47-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After much debate they agreed that there should be segregation of Jewish and Arab economies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeveth198748_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeveth198748-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also agreed that all Poale Zion business should be conducted in Hebrew, though this was not the larger group's policy which held that proceedings should be in <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> or <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Ladino</a> depending on the community. Hebrew was seen as the language of the <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeveth198744_footnote_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeveth198744_footnote-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time there were 550 active pioneers, Jews working on the land, in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeveth198748_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeveth198748-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1910-1911, it was decided that the organisation's journal would be published in Hebrew instead of Yiddish; it was named <i>Achdut</i> (he: אַחְדוּת <i>achdut</i>), meaning unity.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Ottoman Palestine, Poale Zion founded the <a href="/wiki/Hashomer" title="Hashomer">Hashomer</a> guard organization that guarded settlements of the <i><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a></i>, and took up the ideology of "conquest of labor" (<i>Kibbush Ha'avoda</i>) and "<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_labor" title="Hebrew labor">Hebrew labor</a>" (<i>Avoda Ivrit</i>). The first formal congress of the "Jewish Social Democratic Workers' Party in the Land of Israel–Poalei Tziyon" was held in early 1907. Poale Zion set up employment offices, kitchens and health services for members. These eventually evolved into the institutions of Labor Zionism in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK_during_World_War_I">UK during World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: UK during World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Poale Zion was instrumental in recruiting members to the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Legion" title="Jewish Legion">Jewish Legion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poale Zion was active in Britain during the war, under the leadership of J. Pomeranz and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Meyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morris Meyer (page does not exist)">Morris Meyer</a>, and influential on the British <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">labour movement</a>, including on the drafting (by <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Webb" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidney Webb">Sidney Webb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Party (Britain)">Labour Party</a>'s War Aims Memorandum, recognising the '<a href="/wiki/Right_of_return" title="Right of return">right of return</a>' of Jews to Palestine, a document which preceded the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a> by three months.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Factions_and_activity_after_World_War_I">Factions and activity after World War I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Factions and activity after World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Factions,_1920_split_and_aftermath"><span id="Factions.2C_1920_split_and_aftermath"></span>Factions, 1920 split and aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Factions, 1920 split and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poale Zion was torn between left-wing and right-wing factions in 1919–1920; the organization formally split at the Poale Zion fifth world congress in Vienna in 1920, following a similar division that occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Second_International" title="Second International">Second International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014217_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014217-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The right wing was less Marxist and more nationalist, and favoured a more moderate socialist program and supported the <a href="/wiki/International_Working_Union_of_Socialist_Parties" title="International Working Union of Socialist Parties">International Working Union of Socialist Parties</a> to continue the work of the Second International, essentially becoming a <a href="/wiki/Social_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democratic">social democratic</a> party. The left-wing faction did not consider the Second International radical enough, and some accused its members of betraying Borochov's revolutionary principles<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (although Borochov had begun to modify his ideology as early as 1914, and publicly identified as a social democrat the year before his death<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>). </p><p>Poale Zion Left, which supported the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik revolution">Bolshevik revolution</a>, continued to be sympathetic to <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a>, and attended the second and third congresses of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_International" title="Communist International">Communist International</a> in a consultative capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014100_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014100-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They lobbied for membership, but their attempts were unsuccessful, as the internationalist communist movement under <a href="/wiki/Lenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenin">Lenin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trotsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotsky">Trotsky</a> was opposed to Zionist nationalism. The <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a> advised individual members of Left Poale Zion to join their national Communist parties as individuals; at their 1922 <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Danzig</a> conference, these terms were rejected by the party. The Comintern declared it an enemy of the workers' movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014100_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014100-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poale Zion Left opposed the decision by Poale Zion to rejoin the World <a href="/wiki/Zionist_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist Organization">Zionist Organization</a>, viewing it as essentially <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgeois">bourgeois</a> in character, and viewed the <a href="/wiki/Histadrut" title="Histadrut">Histadrut</a> as <a href="/wiki/Reformist" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformist">reformist</a> and non-socialist. Aside from differing attitudes towards <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a>, the two wings of Poale Zion parted ways over <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> and Yiddish culture.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Left was more supportive of the latter, similar to the members of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bund" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Bund">Jewish Bund</a>, while the Right bloc identified strongly with the emerging <a href="/wiki/Hebrew#Modern_Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">modern Hebrew</a> movement in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestine_2">Palestine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Palestine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>, the major leaders of Poale Zion since their immigration in 1906 and 1907 had been <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a>, who joined a local Poalei Tziyon group in 1904 whilst living in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Zvi" title="Yitzhak Ben-Zvi">Yitzhak Ben-Zvi</a>, a close friend of Borochov and an early member of the <a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a> group. After the split the two <i>Benim</i> ("the Bens") continued to control and direct Poale Zion Right in Palestine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The party in Palestine split into right and left wings at its February 1919 conference.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In October 1919, a faction of the Left Poale Zion founded <i>Mifleget Poalim Sozialistiim</i> (Socialist Workers Party) which became the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Communist_Party_(Palestine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Communist Party (Palestine)">Jewish Communist Party</a> in 1921, split in 1922 over the Zionist issues, with one faction taking the name <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Communist_Party_(1922)" title="Palestinian Communist Party (1922)">Palestine Communist Party</a> and the more anti-Zionist faction becoming the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Palestine" title="Communist Party of Palestine">Communist Party of Palestine</a>. The former retained its links to Poale Zion Left. These two factions reunited as the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Communist_Party" title="Palestine Communist Party">Palestine Communist Party</a> in 1923 and become an official section of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_International" title="Communist International">Communist International</a>. Another faction of Poale Zion Left, aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutz</a> movement <a href="/wiki/Hashomer_Hatzair" title="Hashomer Hatzair">Hashomer Hatzair</a>, founded in Europe in 1919, became the <a href="/wiki/Mapam" title="Mapam">Mapam</a> party. Poale Zion Right, under Ben Gurion's leadership, formed <a href="/wiki/Ahdut_HaAvoda" title="Ahdut HaAvoda">Ahdut HaAvoda</a> in March 1919. In January 1930 it merged with another party to become <a href="/wiki/Mapai" title="Mapai">Mapai</a>, predecessor of the modern <a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_(Israel)" title="The Democrats (Israel)">Democrats</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bolshevik_Revolution_and_USSR">Bolshevik Revolution and USSR</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bolshevik Revolution and USSR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Russia, the Poale Zion Left participated in the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik Revolution">Bolshevik Revolution</a> and organized a brigade of Poale Zion activists<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nicknamed the "Borochov Brigade" to fight in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>. The party remained legal until 1928 when it was liquidated by the <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>. Most other Zionist organizations had been closed down in 1919, but Poale Zion Left remained untouched because it was recognized as a Communist party. In 1919, the Communists of Poale Zion Left split to form the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Communist_Party_(Poalei_Zion)" title="Jewish Communist Party (Poalei Zion)">Jewish Communist Party</a> which ultimately joined the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a>, leading to a sharp loss of membership in Russia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> While the Bund was forcibly disbanded in 1921, Poale Zion and <a href="/wiki/Hechalutz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hechalutz">Hechalutz</a> were allowed to operate freely in the Soviet Union until 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Poland, for a brief period following World War I, both factions of Poale Zion were reported as legal and functioning political parties. The Polish Left party was the largest Left Poale Zion party in the world. It worked closely with the Bund in developing Yiddish schools in Poland and supporting secular Yiddish culture, although they had political differences (e.g., the Bund was more supportive of the Polish Socialist Party than LPZ).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014138_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014138-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the large-scale ban on Jewish political parties in post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> Poland by the <a href="/wiki/Polish_United_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish United Workers' Party">Communist</a> leadership, both Poale Zion groups were disbanded in February 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austria">Austria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/First_Austrian_Republic" title="First Austrian Republic">Austria</a>, the left faction was led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Kohn-Eber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Kohn-Eber (page does not exist)">Michael Kohn-Eber</a>, who joined the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Communist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Communist Party">Austrian Communist Party</a> in 1938. The right faction also remained active until 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014158_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014158-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Poale Zion group in America was established in 1903. In 1915 it was estimated they had fewer than 3,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeveth1987100_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeveth1987100-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the First World War, the American party was led by veteran socialist Zionist thinker <a href="/wiki/Nachman_Syrkin" title="Nachman Syrkin">Nachman Syrkin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In America, the right faction was dominant, and initiated the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Labor_Committee_for_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Labor Committee for Palestine (page does not exist)">National Labor Committee for Palestine</a>, raising money for the Histadrut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014217_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014217-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Manya_Shochat" title="Manya Shochat">Manya Shochat</a>, one of the Poale Zion leaders in Palestine, toured the United States in 1920. Writing to <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Yanait_Ben-Zvi" title="Rachel Yanait Ben-Zvi">Rachel Ben Zvi</a> she estimated there were “maybe” 2,000 members of Poale Zion in the whole country, with 180 of them in New York. She comments “The entire movement here is worthless.”<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Poale_Zion_(Great_Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poale Zion (Great Britain)">Poale Zion in Britain</a> formally affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/British_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="British Labour Party">British Labour Party</a> in 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It renamed itself the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labour_Movement" title="Jewish Labour Movement">Jewish Labour Movement</a> in 2004. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Worldwide">Worldwide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Worldwide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Globally, Poale Zion, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Kaplansky" title="Shlomo Kaplansky">Shlomo Kaplansky</a>, was involved in the 1921 formation of the centrist <a href="/wiki/International_Working_Union_of_Socialist_Parties" title="International Working Union of Socialist Parties">International Working Union of Socialist Parties</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then between 1923 and 1930 the World Union of Poalei Zion (i.e., the PZ right) joined the <a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Socialist_International" title="Labour and Socialist International">Labour and Socialist International</a> (as its Palestine section).<sup id="cite_ref-kow_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kow-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 1928, it claimed to have 22,500 members in branches around the world; 5,000 in Poland and the United States, 4,000 in Palestine, 3,000 in Russia, 1,000 in Lithuania, Romania, Argentina and the United Kingdom, 500 in Latvia and another 1,000 scattered across countries such as Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Belgium, France and Brazil. The general secretary of the World Union of Poalei Zion at the time was <a href="/wiki/Berl_Locker" title="Berl Locker">Berl Locker</a>. The World Union had a women's wing, the Women's Organization for the Pioneer Women in Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-kon_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kon-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_Union_of_Zionists–Socialists_(1932)"><span id="World_Union_of_Zionists.E2.80.93Socialists_.281932.29"></span>World Union of Zionists–Socialists (1932)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: World Union of Zionists–Socialists (1932)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1932, Poale Zion's world federation merged with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hitahdut_Olamit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hitahdut Olamit (page does not exist)">Hitahdut Olamit</a>, the World Union of <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Hatzair" title="Hapoel Hatzair">Hapoel Hatzair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zeirei_Zion" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeirei Zion">Zeirei Zion</a>, to create <b>Ihud Olami</b>, the World Union of Zionists–Socialists.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period several well-known Zionist leaders and politicians were active in Poale Zion, including Ben-Gurion, Ben-Zvi, kibbutz movement leader <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Tabenkin" title="Yitzhak Tabenkin">Yitzhak Tabenkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Agency">Jewish Agency</a> Executive member Shlomo Kaplansky, and future Israeli politicians <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Sharett" title="Moshe Sharett">Moshe Sharett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dov_Hoz" title="Dov Hoz">Dov Hoz</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Holocaust">The Holocaust</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Holocaust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Holocaust-era Jewish resistance group <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBOB" class="mw-redirect" title="ŻOB">ŻOB</a> was formed from a coalition including <a href="/wiki/Hashomer_Hatzair" title="Hashomer Hatzair">Hashomer Hatzair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Habonim_Dror" title="Habonim Dror">Dror</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Akiva" title="Bnei Akiva">Bnei Akiva</a>, the <a href="/wiki/General_Jewish_Labor_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="General Jewish Labor Union">Jewish Bund</a>, various Jewish <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> groups, and both factions of Poale Zion. Poale Zion was also active in the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Bloc" title="Anti-Fascist Bloc">Anti-Fascist Bloc</a>. </p><p>Several notable Jewish resistance fighters during the <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>, particularly those involved in the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a>, were members of Poale Zion. They include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Berman" title="Adolf Berman">Adolf Berman</a>, Warsaw ŻOB fighter; Secretary of <a href="/wiki/Zegota" class="mw-redirect" title="Zegota">Zegota</a> (Poale Zion Left)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hersz_Berlinski" class="mw-redirect" title="Hersz Berlinski">Hersz Berlinski</a>, member of Warsaw ŻOB Command (Poale Zion Left)</li> <li>Yochanan Morgenstern, member of Warsaw ŻOB Command (Poale Zion Right)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Ringelblum" title="Emanuel Ringelblum">Emanuel Ringelblum</a>, member of Warsaw ŻOB; chronicler of the Warsaw Ghetto (Poale Zion Left)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mandatory_Palestine_and_Israel">Mandatory Palestine and Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Mandatory Palestine and Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After World War I, <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> integrated most of Poale Zion Right in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> into his <a href="/wiki/Ahdut_HaAvoda" title="Ahdut HaAvoda">Ahdut HaAvoda</a> party, which became <a href="/wiki/Mapai" title="Mapai">Mapai</a> by the 1930s. The Poale Zion Left merged with the kibbutz-based <a href="/wiki/Hashomer_Hatzair_Workers_Party_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party of Palestine">Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party of Palestine</a> and the urban-based <a href="/wiki/Socialist_League_of_Palestine" title="Socialist League of Palestine">Socialist League of Palestine</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Mapam" title="Mapam">Mapam</a> in 1948, which in the 1990s merged with two smaller parties, <a href="/wiki/Ratz_(political_party)" title="Ratz (political party)">Ratz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shinui" title="Shinui">Shinui</a>, to form <a href="/wiki/Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a>. In 1946, a split in Mapai led to the creation of another small party, <a href="/wiki/Ahdut_HaAvoda" title="Ahdut HaAvoda">Ahdut HaAvoda – Poale Zion</a>, which united with Mapam in 1948. In 1954, a small group of Mapam dissidents left the party, again assuming the Ahdut HaAvoda – Poale Zion name. That party eventually became part of the <a href="/wiki/Alignment_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alignment (political party)">Alignment</a> in a 1965 merger with Mapai (and later included <a href="/wiki/Rafi_(political_party)" title="Rafi (political party)">Rafi</a> and Mapam). In 1992, the Alignment became the <a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor Party (Israel)">Israeli Labor Party</a>. In 2024, the Israeli Labor Party and Meretz merged to form <a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_(Israel)" title="The Democrats (Israel)">The Democrats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-toi30june_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toi30june-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Youth_movements">Youth movements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Youth movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several youth movements emerged out of Poale Zion: the Marxist <a href="/wiki/Hashomer_Hatzair" title="Hashomer Hatzair">Hashomer Hatzair</a> (the largest, with 70,000 members on the eve of the Holocaust), the socialist <a href="/wiki/Habonim_Dror" title="Habonim Dror">Habonim Dror</a>, the Left Poale Zion's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yugent (page does not exist)">Yugent</a>, and Zeirei Zion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014218_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014218-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In North America, Poale Zion founded the <a href="/wiki/HeHalutz" title="HeHalutz">HeHalutz</a> movement, the <a href="/wiki/Yidish_Natsionaler_Arbeter_Farband" title="Yidish Natsionaler Arbeter Farband">Farband</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habonim_Dror" title="Habonim Dror">Habonim Dror</a>, and later the Labor Zionist Organization of America, which merged with other groups into the Labor Zionist Alliance, which rebranded itself in 2007 as <a href="/wiki/Ameinu" title="Ameinu">Ameinu</a>. US Poale Zion published a Yiddish newspaper, the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yidisher_Kempfer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yidisher Kempfer (page does not exist)">Yidisher Kempfer</a></i>, and an English journal, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Frontier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish Frontier (page does not exist)">Jewish Frontier</a></i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Hayim_Greenberg" title="Hayim Greenberg">Hayim Greenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marie_Syrkin" title="Marie Syrkin">Marie Syrkin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom_2">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Britain, Poale Zion rebranded itself in 2004 as the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labour_Movement" title="Jewish Labour Movement">Jewish Labour Movement</a>. Its original affiliate status with the Labour Party in 1920 was as The Jewish Socialist Labour Party (Poale Zion).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Worldwide_2">Worldwide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Worldwide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Internationally, the Poale Zion right is represented within the <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">World Zionist Organization</a> by the <b><a href="/wiki/World_Labour_Zionist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="World Labour Zionist Movement">World Labour Zionist Movement</a></b>; the group "to the left" of the WLZM within the WZO is Mapam's successor, the World Union of <a href="/wiki/Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a>. Meretz succeeded Mapam as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a><sup id="cite_ref-israel_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-israel-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, since 2013, is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Communist_Labour_Party_(Poalei_Zion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Communist Labour Party (Poalei Zion)">Jewish Communist Labour Party (Poalei Zion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Communist_Party_(Poalei_Zion)" title="Jewish Communist Party (Poalei Zion)">Jewish Communist Party (Poalei Zion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Communist_Union_(Poalei_Zion)" title="Jewish Communist Union (Poalei Zion)">Jewish Communist Union (Poalei Zion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poalei_Agudat_Yisrael" title="Poalei Agudat Yisrael">Poalei Agudat Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mifleget_Poale_Zion_VeHaHugim_HaMarksistim_beEretz_Yisrael" title="Mifleget Poale Zion VeHaHugim HaMarksistim beEretz Yisrael">Mifleget Poale Zion VeHaHugim HaMarksistim beEretz Yisrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Zionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Zionism">Labour Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordonia_youth_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordonia youth movement">Gordonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidish_Natsionaler_Arbeter_Farband" title="Yidish Natsionaler Arbeter Farband">Farband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish left</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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.id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Przyczynek do badań nad lewicą syjonistyczną w pierwszych latach powojennej Polski (1944/45-1949/50), Chrzan 2021, s.13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yivoarchives.org/index.php?p=collections/controlcard&id=34182&q=p">"Poale Zion Collection"</a>. <i>www.yivoarchives.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.yivoarchives.org&rft.atitle=Poale+Zion+Collection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yivoarchives.org%2Findex.php%3Fp%3Dcollections%2Fcontrolcard%26id%3D34182%26q%3Dp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoale+Zion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928004042/http://www.hagshama.org.il/en/resources/view.asp?id=1343">"Dov Ber Borochov. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dov+Ber+Borochov.+Part+of+1860-1948%3A+Early+Zionist+Age+%28archived+copy%29%2C+World+Zionist+Org.%2C+Hagshama+Dept.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hagshama.org.il%2Fen%2Fresources%2Fview.asp%3Fid%3D1343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoale+Zion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMendes2014">Mendes 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014138-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014138_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMendes2014">Mendes 2014</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Flisiak, Wybrane materiały ideologiczne i propagandowe Syjonistyczno-Socjalistycznej Partii Robotniczej Poalej Syjon-Hitachdut. Przyczynek do badań nad lewicą syjonistyczną w pierwszych latach powojennej Polski (1944/45-1949/50), Chrzan 2021, s. 17-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETeveth1987100-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeveth1987100_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTeveth1987">Teveth 1987</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Yanait_Ben-Zvi" title="Rachel Yanait Ben-Zvi">Ben Zvi, Rahel Yanait</a> (1976; translated by <a href="/wiki/Marie_Syrkin" title="Marie Syrkin">Marie Syrkin</a> 1989) <i>Before Golda: Manya Shochat. A Biography.</i> Biblio Press, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-930395-07-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-930395-07-7">0-930395-07-7</a> p.174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGorny" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Gorny" title="Yosef Gorny">Gorny, Joseph</a>. <i>The British Labour Movement and Zionism: 1917–1948</i>. London: Frank Cass.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Labour+Movement+and+Zionism%3A+1917%E2%80%931948&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.aulast=Gorny&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoale+Zion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kow-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kow_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKowalski1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kowalski, Werner (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=83QdPwAACAAJ"><i>Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 – 1940</i></a> [<i>History of the Socialist Workers' International: 1923 - 1940</i>] (in German). Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften. p. 314.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+sozialistischen+arbeiter-internationale%3A+1923+%E2%80%93+1940&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=314&rft.pub=Dt.+Verl.+d.+Wissenschaften&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Kowalski&rft.aufirst=Werner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D83QdPwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoale+Zion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kon-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kon_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Socialist_International" title="Labour and Socialist International">Labour and Socialist International</a>. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bqElQQAACAAJ">Kongress-Protokolle der Sozialistischen Arbeiter-Internationale - B. 3.1 Brüssel 1928</a></i>. Glashütten im Taunus: D. Auvermann, 1974. p. IV. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedoffWaxman2013" class="citation book cs1">Medoff, Rafael; Waxman, Chaim I. (5 September 2013). <i>Historical Dictionary of Zionism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Zionism&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-09-05&rft.aulast=Medoff&rft.aufirst=Rafael&rft.au=Waxman%2C+Chaim+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoale+Zion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toi30june-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toi30june_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSokol2024" class="citation news cs1">Sokol, Sam (30 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/labor-and-meretz-merge-into-united-liberal-democratic-zionist-party-the-democrats/">"Labor and Meretz merge into a united "liberal-democratic Zionist party": The Democrats"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Labor+and+Meretz+merge+into+a+united+%22liberal-democratic+Zionist+party%22%3A+The+Democrats&rft.date=2024-06-30&rft.aulast=Sokol&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Flabor-and-meretz-merge-into-united-liberal-democratic-zionist-party-the-democrats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoale+Zion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMendes2014218-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMendes2014218_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMendes2014">Mendes 2014</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Bridger, Samuel Wolk, <i>The New Jewish Encyclopedia</i>, Behrman House, Inc, 1976, p.381</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Minutes of Labour Party's NEC, 5 February 1920</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-israel-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-israel_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150115080802/http://www.europeanforum.net/country/israel">"Israel"</a>. European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeanforum.net/country/israel">the original</a> on 15 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel&rft.pub=European+Forum+for+Democracy+and+Solidarity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanforum.net%2Fcountry%2Fisrael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoale+Zion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://progressive-alliance.info/network/parties-and-organisations/">"Parties & Organisations"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parties+%26+Organisations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprogressive-alliance.info%2Fnetwork%2Fparties-and-organisations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoale+Zion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dominik Flisiak, Wybrane materiały ideologiczne i propagandowe Syjonistyczno-Socjalistycznej Partii Robotniczej Poalej Syjon-Hitachdut. Przyczynek do badań nad lewicą syjonistyczną w pierwszych latach powojennej Polski (1944/45-1949/50), Chrzan 2021.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLockman1996" class="citation book cs1">Lockman, Zachary (1996). <i>Comrades and Enemies. Arab and Jewish Workers in Palestine, 1906-1948</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-20419-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-20419-0"><bdi>0-520-20419-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comrades+and+Enemies.+Arab+and+Jewish+Workers+in+Palestine%2C+1906-1948&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-520-20419-0&rft.aulast=Lockman&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoale+Zion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendes2014" class="citation book cs1">Mendes, P. (20 May 2014). <i>Jews and the Left: The Rise and Fall of a Political Alliance</i>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews+and+the+Left%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+a+Political+Alliance&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014-05-20&rft.aulast=Mendes&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoale+Zion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeveth1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shabtai_Teveth" title="Shabtai Teveth">Teveth, Shabtai</a> (1987). <i>Ben-Gurion. The Burning Ground. 1886-1948</i>. <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-35409-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-35409-9"><bdi>0-395-35409-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ben-Gurion.+The+Burning+Ground.+1886-1948&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-395-35409-9&rft.aulast=Teveth&rft.aufirst=Shabtai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoale+Zion" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Scott Ury, <i>Barricades and Banners: The Revolution of 1905 and the Transformation of Warsaw Jewry.</i> Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2012.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poale_Zion&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mideastweb.org/labor_zionism.htm">MideastWeb: A brief history of Labor and Socialist Zionism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/subject/jewish/#poale">Poale Zion Archive at M.I.A.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/il2/borochov/">The Ber Borochov Internet Archive at Angelfire</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/derneuewegbrnopr00unse"><i>Der neue Weg</i>, B311</a>, a digitized periodical published by the organization, at the <a href="/wiki/Leo_Baeck_Institute,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo Baeck Institute, New York">Leo Baeck Institute, New York</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/borochov/">The Ber Borochov Internet Archive at M.I.A.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/borochov/1905/national-class.htm">Ber Borochov: The National Question and Class Struggle, 1905</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Zionism/Borochov_Poalei_Tziyon_Charter.html">Poalei Tziyon: Our Platform, 1906</a> — founding program of Poale Zion, sets out its analysis, at JewishVirtualLibrary</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Economic_Development_of_the_Jewish_People" class="extiw" title="s:The Economic Development of the Jewish People">Ber Borochov: The Economic Development of the Jewish People, 1916</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/borochov/1917/stockholm.htm">Poalei Tziyon Peace Manifesto, 1917</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Eretz_Yisrael_in_our_Program_and_Tactics" class="extiw" title="s:Eretz Yisrael in our Program and Tactics">Ber Borochov: Eretz Yisrael in our program and tactics, 1917</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/il2/borochov/bio.html">Levic Jessel: Biographical note on Borochov, 1935</a> - a description of Poale Zion split</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/il2/borochov/duker2.html">Abraham Ducker: Theories of Borochov Part II, 1937</a> — More detail on the split</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Zionism" title="Template:Zionism"><abbr title="View this 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people">Homeland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proposals_for_a_Jewish_state" title="Proposals for a Jewish state">proposals</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_state" title="Jewish state">Jewish state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Return" title="Law of Return">Law of Return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Territorial_Organization" title="Jewish Territorial Organization">Territorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Land" title="Promised Land">Promised Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Israel" title="Gathering of Israel">Gathering of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_and_Stockade" title="Tower and Stockade">Settlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negation_of_the_Diaspora" title="Negation of the Diaspora">Negation of the Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revival_of_the_Hebrew_language" title="Revival of the Hebrew language">Revival of the Hebrew language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebraization_of_surnames" title="Hebraization of surnames">Hebraization of surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaization" title="Judaization">Judaization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism,_race_and_genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionism, race and genetics">Zionism, race and genetics</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zionism-template.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Theodor Herzl, Israel's flag and its declaration of independence"><img alt="Theodor Herzl, Israel's flag and its declaration of independence" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Zionism-template.png/45px-Zionism-template.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Zionism-template.png/68px-Zionism-template.png 1.5x, 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title="Post-Zionism">Post-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Zionism" title="Proto-Zionism">Proto-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Zionism" title="Non-Zionism">Non-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zionism" title="Green Zionism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Zionism" title="Christian Zionism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanism" title="Canaanism">Canaanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddishist_movement" title="Yiddishist movement">Yiddishist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golus_nationalism" title="Golus nationalism">Golus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Zionist_organizations" title="Category:Zionist organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Histadrut" title="Histadrut">Histadrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovevei_Zion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hovevei Zion">Hovevei Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilu_(movement)" title="Bilu (movement)">Bilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">World Zionist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_General_Council" title="Zionist General Council">Zionist General Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Federation_of_Germany" title="Zionist Federation of Germany">Zionist Federation of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Zionist Organization of America">Zionist Organization of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Organization_of_Canada" title="Zionist Organization of Canada">Zionist Organization of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionists_of_America" title="Religious Zionists of America">Religious Zionists of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund" title="Jewish National Fund">Jewish National Fund</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poale Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel" title="Jewish Agency for Israel">Jewish Agency for Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Council" title="Jewish National Council">Jewish National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrachi_(political_party)" title="Mizrachi (political party)">Mizrachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Akiva" title="Bnei Akiva">Bnei Akiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habonim_Dror" title="Habonim Dror">Habonim Dror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashomer_Hatzair" title="Hashomer Hatzair">Hashomer Hatzair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaNoar_HaTzioni" title="HaNoar HaTzioni">HaNoar HaTzioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" title="World Agudath Israel">World Agudath Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betar" title="Betar">Betar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Party_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Jewish Party (Czechoslovakia)">Jewish Party (Czechoslovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Party_(Romania)" title="Jewish Party (Romania)">Jewish Party (Romania)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Resistance_Movement" title="Jewish Resistance Movement">Jewish Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_International_Zionist_Organization" title="Women's International Zionist Organization">Women's International Zionist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Women%27s_Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America">Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aytzim" title="Aytzim">Aytzim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Zionist_Movement" title="American Zionist Movement">American Zionist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am_Yisrael_Foundation" title="Am Yisrael Foundation">Am Yisrael Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Federation_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland">Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Zionist_Strategies" title="Institute for Zionist Strategies">Institute for Zionist Strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fellowship_of_Christians_and_Jews" title="International Fellowship of Christians and Jews">International Fellowship of Christians and Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefesh_B%27Nefesh" title="Nefesh B'Nefesh">Nefesh B'Nefesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birthright_Israel" title="Birthright Israel">Birthright Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">History and<br />timelines</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel" title="History of Israel">History of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Aliyah_in_modern_times" title="Chronology of Aliyah in modern times">Chronology of Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zionism" title="History of Zionism">History of Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_3379" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379">UN General Assembly Resolution 3379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_46/86" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/86">UN General Assembly Resolution 46/86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Zionism" title="Timeline of Zionism">Timeline of Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Israeli–Palestinian peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Timeline of the Arab–Israeli conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Holidays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaZikaron" title="Yom HaZikaron">Yom HaZikaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Israel)" title="Independence Day (Israel)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Day" title="Jerusalem Day">Jerusalem Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_HaAliyah" title="Yom HaAliyah">Yom HaAliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzl_Day" title="Herzl Day">Herzl Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabotinsky_Day" title="Jabotinsky Day">Jabotinsky Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Gurion_Day" title="Ben-Gurion Day">Ben-Gurion Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabin_Day" title="Rabin Day">Rabin Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Zionists" title="List of Zionists">List of Zionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_one_inch" title="Not one inch">Not one inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomism" title="Jewish Autonomism">Jewish Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_emancipation" title="Jewish emancipation">Jewish emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Israel" title="Greater Israel">Greater Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscular_Judaism" title="Muscular Judaism">Muscular Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_supporters_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim supporters of Israel">Muslim supporters of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_except_Palestine" title="Progressive except Palestine">Progressive except Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism_as_settler_colonialism" title="Zionism as settler colonialism">Zionism as settler colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_antisemitism" title="Zionist antisemitism">Zionist antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_political_violence" title="Zionist political violence">Zionist political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zio_(pejorative)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zio (pejorative)">Zio (pejorative)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulpan" title="Ulpan">Ulpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Israel" title="Conservatism in Israel">Conservatism in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Israel" title="Liberalism in Israel">Liberalism in Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="15px_History_of_Jews_and_Judaism_in_Belarus_15px&#124;National_emblem" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jewish_Belarusian_history" title="Template:Jewish Belarusian history"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jewish_Belarusian_history" title="Template talk:Jewish Belarusian history"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish_Belarusian_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish Belarusian 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href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_(2020%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National emblem"><img alt="National emblem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/15px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_groups_in_Belarus" title="Category:Jewish groups in Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Groups</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Orthodox_Judaism_in_Belarus" title="Category:Orthodox Judaism in Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Orthodox</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Misnagdim" title="Misnagdim">Misnagdim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musar_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Musar Movement">Musar Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism_in_Lithuania" title="Hasidic Judaism in Lithuania">Hasidim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad-Lubavitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlin-Stolin_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Karlin-Stolin (Hasidic dynasty)">Karlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechovitch_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Lechovitch (Hasidic dynasty)">Lechovitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koidanov_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Koidanov (Hasidic dynasty)">Koidanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slonim_(Hasidic_dynasty)" title="Slonim (Hasidic dynasty)">Slonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Chaykl_of_Amdur" title="Chaim Chaykl of Amdur">Amdur</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Secular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haskalah#Spread" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundism" title="Bundism">Bundism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Jewish_Labour_Bund" title="General Jewish Labour Bund">General Jewish Labour Bund</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Zionist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poale Zion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Communist_Union_(Poalei_Zion)" title="Jewish Communist Union (Poalei Zion)">Komverband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Communist_Party_(Poalei_Zion)" title="Jewish Communist Party (Poalei Zion)">Jewish Communist Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashomer_Hatzair" title="Hashomer Hatzair">Hashomer Hatzair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarbut" title="Tarbut">Tarbut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Synagogues_in_Belarus" title="Category:Synagogues in Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Synagogues</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Synagogue_(Grodno)" title="Great Synagogue (Grodno)">Great Synagogue (Grodno)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_synagogues_in_Belarus" title="Category:Former synagogues in Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Former</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choral_Synagogue_(Brest)" title="Choral Synagogue (Brest)">Choral Synagogue (Brest)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choral_synagogue_(Vitebsk)" title="Choral synagogue (Vitebsk)">Choral synagogue (Vitebsk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Synagogue,_Minsk" title="Cold Synagogue, Minsk">Cold Synagogue, Minsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Synagogue,_Mogilev" title="Cold Synagogue, Mogilev">Cold Synagogue, Mogilev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slonim_Synagogue" title="Slonim Synagogue">Slonim Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wo%C5%82pa_Synagogue" title="Wołpa Synagogue">Wołpa Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaniomanskaja_Synagogue" title="Zaniomanskaja Synagogue">Zaniomanskaja Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yeshivos_in_Europe_(before_World_War_II)" title="List of yeshivos in Europe (before World War II)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Yeshivas</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_Ohel_Torah-Baranovich" title="Yeshiva Ohel Torah-Baranovich">Baranovich Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodno_Yeshiva" title="Grodno Yeshiva">Grodno Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivas_Knesses_Beis_Yitzchak-Kaminetz" title="Yeshivas Knesses Beis Yitzchak-Kaminetz">Kaminetz Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Yeshiva_(Belarus)" title="Mir Yeshiva (Belarus)">Mir Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novardok_Yeshiva" title="Novardok Yeshiva">Novardok Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radin_Yeshiva" title="Radin Yeshiva">Radin Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slutsk-Kletsk_Yeshiva" title="Slutsk-Kletsk Yeshiva">Slutsk-Kletsk Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volozhin_Yeshiva" title="Volozhin Yeshiva">Volozhin Yeshiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomchei_Tmimim" title="Tomchei Tmimim">Tomchei Tmimim − Lubavitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Belarus" title="The Holocaust in Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">The Holocaust</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_ghettos_in_Nazi-occupied_Belarus" title="Category:Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Ghettos</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brze%C5%9B%C4%87_Ghetto" title="Brześć Ghetto">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodno_Ghetto" title="Grodno Ghetto">Grodno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzyatlava_Ghetto" title="Dzyatlava Ghetto">Dzyatlava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobryn#World_War_II_and_recent_times" title="Kobryn">Kobryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81achwa_Ghetto" title="Łachwa Ghetto">Lakhva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_Ghetto" title="Minsk Ghetto">Minsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raka%C5%AD_Ghetto" title="Rakaŭ Ghetto">Rakaŭ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%84sk_Ghetto" title="Pińsk Ghetto">Pinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82onim_Ghetto" title="Słonim Ghetto">Slonim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_concentration_camps_in_Belarus" title="Category:Nazi concentration camps in Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Concentration camps</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davidovka_concentration_camp" title="Davidovka concentration camp">Davidovka concentration camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koldichevo" title="Koldichevo">Koldichevo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Extermination sites and massacres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronna_G%C3%B3ra" title="Bronna Góra">Bronna Góra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzyatlava_massacre" title="Dzyatlava massacre">Dzyatlava massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maly_Trostenets" title="Maly Trostenets">Maly Trostenets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slutsk_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Slutsk affair">Slutsk affair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;;width:1%">Resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bielski_partisans" title="Bielski partisans">Bielski partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81achwa_Ghetto#Uprising_and_massacre" title="Łachwa Ghetto">Łachwa Ghetto uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82onim_Ghetto#The_revolt" title="Słonim Ghetto">Słonim Ghetto Jewish revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_Ghetto#Resistance" title="Minsk Ghetto">Minsk Ghetto resistance organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzyatlava_Ghetto#Partisan_resistance_activities" title="Dzyatlava Ghetto">Zhetler Battalion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#9BB4EB;color:white;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jewish_history_in_Lithuania_and_Belarus" title="Timeline of Jewish history in Lithuania and Belarus"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Timeline of Jewish history in Lithuania and Belarus</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Belarusian_Jews" title="List of Belarusian Jews"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">List of Belarusian Jews</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1471943#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1471943#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1471943#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/142331022">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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