CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Routledge - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"e6508a93-5760-4c39-bd8a-13cfe44ab11d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Routledge","wgTitle":"Routledge","wgCurRevisionId":1234554975,"wgRevisionId":1234554975,"wgArticleId":803136,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB","Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from November 2018","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023","Commons category link from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from January 2020","Academic publishing companies","Book publishing companies of the United Kingdom", "Companies based in Oxfordshire","Reference publishers","Vale of White Horse","1998 mergers and acquisitions","1851 establishments in England","Publishing companies established in 1851"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Routledge","wgRelevantArticleId":803136,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1508259","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init" :"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Routledge_logo.svg/1200px-Routledge_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1166"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Routledge_logo.svg/800px-Routledge_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="777"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Routledge_logo.svg/640px-Routledge_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="622"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Routledge - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Routledge rootpage-Routledge skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Routledge" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Routledge" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Routledge" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Routledge" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Authors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Authors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Authors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Authors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Publications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Reference works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Book_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Book_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Book series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Book_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Routledge</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AC_(%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1)" title="روتليدج (دار نشر) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روتليدج (دار نشر)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge_(Verlag)" title="Routledge (Verlag) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Routledge (Verlag)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%AC" title="روتلج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روتلج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%ED%8B%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80" title="라우틀리지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라우틀리지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%92%27" title="ראוטלג' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראוטלג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge_(uitgeverij)" title="Routledge (uitgeverij) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Routledge (uitgeverij)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8" title="ラウトレッジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラウトレッジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9C" title="ਰੌਟਲੈੱਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੌਟਲੈੱਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AC" title="روٹلیج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روٹلیج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Routledge" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%87" title="勞特利奇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="勞特利奇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1508259#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Routledge" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Routledge"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Routledge"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Routledge" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Routledge" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&oldid=1234554975" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Routledge&id=1234554975&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRoutledge"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRoutledge"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Routledge&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Routledge" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Routledge" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1508259" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British multinational academic publisher</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For people named Routledge, see <a href="/wiki/Routledge_(surname)" title="Routledge (surname)">Routledge (surname)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Routledge</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Routledge_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Routledge_logo.svg/150px-Routledge_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Routledge_logo.svg/225px-Routledge_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Routledge_logo.svg/300px-Routledge_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="176" data-file-height="171" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent company</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Active</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1851<span class="noprint">; 173 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1851</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Routledge" title="George Routledge">George Routledge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Milton_Park" title="Milton Park">Milton Park</a>, Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, England, UK</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distribution</th><td class="infobox-data">World wide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data">Jeremy North<br />(MD Books)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication types</th><td class="infobox-data">Books and <a href="/wiki/Academic_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic journals">academic journals</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nonfiction topics</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral science">behavioral science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://routledge.com">routledge<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Routledge</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ROWT</span>-lij</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a British <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> publisher. It was founded in 1836 by <a href="/wiki/George_Routledge" title="George Routledge">George Routledge</a>, and specialises in providing <a href="/wiki/Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic">academic</a> books, <a href="/wiki/Academic_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic journals">journals</a> and online resources in the fields of the <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral science">behavioural science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social science</a>. The company publishes approximately 1,800 journals and 5,000 new books each year and their backlist encompasses over 140,000 titles.<sup id="cite_ref-aboutus_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutus-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Routledge is claimed to be the largest global academic publisher within humanities and social sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, Routledge became a subdivision and <a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">imprint</a> of its former rival, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis Group</a> (T&F), as a result of a £90-million acquisition deal from <a href="/wiki/Cinven" title="Cinven">Cinven</a>, a venture capital group which had purchased it two years previously for £25 million.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECope1998_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECope1998-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the merger of <a href="/wiki/Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a> and T&F in 2004, Routledge became a publishing unit and major imprint within the Informa "academic publishing" division.<sup id="cite_ref-Informa_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Informa-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Routledge is headquartered in the main T&F office in <a href="/wiki/Milton_Park" title="Milton Park">Milton Park</a>, Abingdon, Oxfordshire and also operates from T&F offices globally including in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The firm originated in 1836, when the London bookseller <a href="/wiki/George_Routledge" title="George Routledge">George Routledge</a> published an unsuccessful guidebook, <i>The Beauties of Gilsland</i>, with his brother-in-law W. H. (William Henry) Warne as assistant. In 1848, the pair entered the booming market for selling inexpensive imprints of works of fiction to rail travellers, in the style of the German <a href="/wiki/Tauchnitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauchnitz">Tauchnitz</a> family, which became known as the "Railway Library".<sup id="cite_ref-railwaylibrary_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railwaylibrary-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Railway_Library_history_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Railway_Library_history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The venture was a success as railway usage grew, and it eventually led to Routledge, along with W H Warne's brother <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Warne" title="Frederick Warne">Frederick Warne</a>, to found the company, <b>George Routledge & Co.</b> in 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-UCL_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCL-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year in 1852, the company gained lucrative business through selling reprints of <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i>, (in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in the UK) which in turn enabled it to pay author <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer-Lytton" title="Edward Bulwer-Lytton">Edward Bulwer-Lytton</a> £20,000 for a 10-year <a href="/wiki/Lease" title="Lease">lease</a> allowing sole rights to print all 35 of his works<sup id="cite_ref-railwaylibrary_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-railwaylibrary-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutherland2009527,_553_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESutherland2009527,_553-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 19 of his novels to be sold cheaply as part of their "Railway Library" series.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg/220px-Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg/330px-Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg/440px-Routledge_stand_at_Senate_House_History_Day_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3145" data-file-height="2966" /></a><figcaption>Routledge stand at Senate House History Day 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>The company was restyled in 1858 as <b>Routledge, Warne & Routledge</b> when George Routledge's son, Robert Warne Routledge, entered the partnership. Frederick Warne eventually left the company after the death of his brother W. H. Warne in May 1859 (died aged 37).<sup id="cite_ref-censusrecord_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusrecord-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gaining rights to some titles, he founded <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Warne_%26_Co." title="Frederick Warne & Co.">Frederick Warne & Co.</a> in 1865, which became known for its <a href="/wiki/Beatrix_Potter" title="Beatrix Potter">Beatrix Potter</a> books.<sup id="cite_ref-ketupa_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ketupa-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1865, George Routledge's son <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Routledge" title="Edmund Routledge">Edmund Routledge</a> became a partner, and the firm became <b>George Routledge & Sons</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-DNB_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNB-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1899, the company was running close to <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>. Following a successful restructuring in 1902 by scientist <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Crookes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Crookes">Sir William Crookes</a>, banker <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ellis_Franklin" title="Arthur Ellis Franklin">Arthur Ellis Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Swan_Sonnenschein" title="William Swan Sonnenschein">William Swan Sonnenschein</a> as managing director, and others, however, it was able to recover and began to acquire and merge with other publishing companies including J. C. Nimmo Ltd. in 1903. In 1912, the company took over the management of <b>Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.</b>, the descendant of companies founded by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kegan_Paul" title="Charles Kegan Paul">Charles Kegan Paul</a>, Alexander Chenevix Trench, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Tr%C3%BCbner" title="Nicholas Trübner">Nicholas Trübner</a>, and George Redway.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These early 20th-century acquisitions brought with them lists of notable scholarly titles, and from 1912 onward, the company became increasingly concentrated in the academic and scholarly publishing business under the imprint "Kegan Paul Trench Trubner", as well as reference, fiction and mysticism. In 1947, George Routledge and Sons finally merged with Kegan Paul Trench Trubner (the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_umlaut" title="Germanic umlaut">umlaut</a> had been quietly dropped in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>) under the name of <b>Routledge & Kegan Paul</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranklin1986_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranklin1986-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using <a href="/wiki/C._K._Ogden" class="mw-redirect" title="C. K. Ogden">C. K. Ogden</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Karl_Mannheim" title="Karl Mannheim">Karl Mannheim</a> as advisers the company was soon particularly known for its titles in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">social sciences</a>. </p><p>In 1985, Routledge & Kegan Paul joined with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Associated_Book_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Associated Book Publishers (page does not exist)">Associated Book Publishers</a> (ABP),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhipp199247_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhipp199247-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was later acquired by <a href="/wiki/International_Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="International Thomson">International Thomson</a> in 1987. Under Thomson's ownership, Routledge's name and operations were retained, with the additions of backlists from <a href="/wiki/Methuen_Publishing" title="Methuen Publishing">Methuen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tavistock_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Tavistock Publications">Tavistock Publications</a>, Croom Helm and <a href="/wiki/Unwin_Hyman" class="mw-redirect" title="Unwin Hyman">Unwin Hyman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996, a <a href="/wiki/Management_buyout" title="Management buyout">management buyout</a> financed by the European <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a> firm <a href="/wiki/Cinven" title="Cinven">Cinven</a> saw Routledge operating as an independent company once again. In 1997, Cinven acquired journals publisher Carfax and book publisher Spon.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, Cinven and Routledge's directors accepted a deal for Routledge's acquisition by <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis Group</a> (T&F), with the Routledge name being retained as an imprint and subdivision.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarkPhillips2008xvi_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkPhillips2008xvi-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECope1998_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECope1998-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, T&F became a division within <a href="/wiki/Informa_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Informa plc">Informa plc</a> after a merger. Routledge continues as a primary publishing unit and imprint within Informa's 'academic publishing' division, publishing academic <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">social science</a> books, journals, reference works and digital products. Routledge has grown considerably as a result of <a href="/wiki/Organic_growth" title="Organic growth">organic growth</a> and acquisitions of other publishing companies and other publishers' titles by its parent company.<sup id="cite_ref-T&F_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T&F-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_&_Francis_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor_&_Francis-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-informa2015_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-informa2015-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Humanities and social sciences titles acquired by T&F from other publishers are <a href="/wiki/Rebranding" title="Rebranding">rebranded</a> under the Routledge <a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">imprint</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_&_Francis_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor_&_Francis-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Routledge is a signatory of the <a href="/wiki/SDG_Publishers_Compact" title="SDG Publishers Compact">SDG Publishers Compact</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-members_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-members-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has taken steps to support the achievement of the <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a> (SDGs). These include achieving CarbonNeutral® publication certification for their print books and journals, under the Natural Capital Partners' CarbonNeutral Protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English publisher <a href="/wiki/Fredric_Warburg" title="Fredric Warburg">Fredric Warburg</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Commissioning_editor" title="Commissioning editor">commissioning editor</a> at Routledge during the early 20th century. Novelist Nina Stibbe, author of <i><a href="/wiki/Love,_Nina" title="Love, Nina">Love, Nina</a></i>, worked at the company as a commissioning editor in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cultural_studies" title="Cultural studies">Cultural studies</a> editor <a href="/wiki/William_Germano" title="William Germano">William Germano</a> served as vice-president and publishing director for two decades before becoming dean of the humanities at <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Union" title="Cooper Union">Cooper Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authors">Authors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Authors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Routledge has published works from <a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm">Bohm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Derrida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Freud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek" title="Friedrich Hayek">Hayek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Jung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Levi-Strauss" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Levi-Strauss">Levi-Strauss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan">McLuhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski">Malinowski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Popper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johan_Rockstr%C3%B6m" title="Johan Rockström">Johan Rockström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Wittgenstein</a>. The republished works of some of these authors have appeared as part of the Routledge Classics<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Routledge Great Minds series. Competitors to the series are <a href="/wiki/Verso_Books" title="Verso Books">Verso Books</a>' <a href="/wiki/List_of_Radical_Thinkers_releases" title="List of Radical Thinkers releases">Radical Thinkers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Classics" title="Penguin Classics">Penguin Classics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oxford_World%27s_Classics" title="Oxford World's Classics">Oxford World's Classics</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also the categories <a href="/wiki/Category:Routledge_books" title="Category:Routledge books">Routledge books</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Routledge_academic_journals" title="Category:Routledge academic journals">Routledge academic journals</a></div> <p>Routledge has been criticised for a pricing structure which "will limit readership to the privileged few", as opposed to options for <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> offered by <a href="/wiki/DOAJ" class="mw-redirect" title="DOAJ">DOAJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unpaywall" class="mw-redirect" title="Unpaywall">Unpaywall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/DOAB" class="mw-redirect" title="DOAB">DOAB</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference_works">Reference works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reference works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taylor and Francis closed down the Routledge print encyclopaedia division in 2006. Some of its publications were: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Routledge_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Craig_(philosopher)" title="Edward Craig (philosopher)">Edward Craig</a> (1998), in 10 volumes, but now online.<sup id="cite_ref-rep.routledge.com_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rep.routledge.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Ethics" title="Encyclopedia of Ethics">Encyclopedia of Ethics</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_C._Becker" title="Lawrence C. Becker">Lawrence C. Becker</a> and Charlotte B. Becker (2002), in three volumes.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Reference_work" title="Reference work">Reference works</a> by Europa Publications, published by Routledge: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_World_Year_Book" title="Europa World Year Book">Europa World Year Book</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/International_Who%27s_Who" class="mw-redirect" title="International Who's Who">International Who's Who</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Europa World of Learning</i><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Many of Routledge's <a href="/wiki/Reference_work" title="Reference work">reference works</a> are published in print and electronic formats as Routledge Handbooks and have their own dedicated website: Routledge Handbooks Online.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company also publishes several online encyclopedias and collections of digital content such as <i>Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-rep.routledge.com_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rep.routledge.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Routledge Performance Archive,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and South Asia Archive.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Routledge Worlds</i> series consisted of 66 books as of July 2023, which the publisher described as "magisterial surveys of key historical epochs".<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_Worlds_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge_Worlds-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Included in the series are <i>The Sikh World</i>, <i>The Pentecostal World</i>, published in 2023, <i>The Quaker World</i>, <i>The Ancient Israelite World</i>, and <i>The Sámi World</i> published in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_Worlds_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge_Worlds-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Book_series">Book series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Book series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Broadway Travellers</i> (1926–37)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> edited by <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Power" title="Eileen Power">Eileen Power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Denison_Ross" title="Edward Denison Ross">Edward Denison Ross</a>.</li> <li><i>Colloquial Series of Multimedia Language Courses</i><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Essential Grammars</i> (since 1999)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Morley's Universal Library</i> (also known as: <i>Routledge's Universal Library</i>) (1883–88)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Muses' Library</i> (1904–1940; 1950–1980) <dl><dd>established in 1891 by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_%26_Bullen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence & Bullen">Lawrence & Bullen</a> as a series of fine editions of poetry until L&B folded in 1900, Routledge revived the series in 1904 with reprints and new titles. Over the years parallel editions were published in the US by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Charles Scribner's Sons</a>, <a href="/wiki/E.P._Dutton" class="mw-redirect" title="E.P. Dutton">E.P. Dutton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Republic_of_Letters" title="The Republic of Letters">The Republic of Letters</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Routledge's Railway Library</i> (1848–99) <dl><dd>were sold through <a href="/wiki/W._H._Smith%27s_bookstalls" class="mw-redirect" title="W. H. Smith's bookstalls">W. H. Smith's bookstalls</a> on railway platforms; in 50 years 1,277 books were published, most as pictorial hardbacks, with some bestsellers re-released as cheaper paperbacks. Authors included <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bulwer_Lytton" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Bulwer Lytton">Edward Bulwer Lytton</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">James Fenimore Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fielding" title="Henry Fielding">Henry Fielding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frances_Trollope" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Trollope">Frances Trollope</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Harrison_Ainsworth" title="William Harrison Ainsworth">William Harrison Ainsworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Railway_Library_history_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Railway_Library_history-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160214051023/http://informa.com/divisions/academic-publishing/management-team/jeremy-north/">"Managing Director, Humanities & Social Science Books, Taylor & Francis Group"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informa.com/divisions/academic-publishing/management-team/jeremy-north/">the original</a> on 14 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Managing+Director%2C+Humanities+%26+Social+Science+Books%2C+Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.pub=Informa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informa.com%2Fdivisions%2Facademic-publishing%2Fmanagement-team%2Fjeremy-north%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUptonKretzschmar2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clive_Upton" title="Clive Upton">Upton, Clive</a>; Kretzschmar, William A. Jr. (2017). <i>The Routledge Dictionary of Pronunciation for Current English</i> (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 1164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-12566-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-12566-7"><bdi>978-1-138-12566-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Dictionary+of+Pronunciation+for+Current+English&rft.pages=1164&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-138-12566-7&rft.aulast=Upton&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft.au=Kretzschmar%2C+William+A.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aboutus-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aboutus_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.routledge.com/info/about_us/">"About Us – Routledge"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606184013/https://www.routledge.com/corporate/about-us">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us+%E2%80%93+Routledge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Finfo%2Fabout_us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/resources/authors/publishing">"Publishing With Us – Routledge"</a>. Taylor & Francis Group. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190721084337/https://www.routledge.com/resources/authors/publishing">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Publishing+With+Us+%E2%80%93+Routledge&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Fresources%2Fauthors%2Fpublishing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505150622/http://digest.sagepub.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Outsell_Market_Performance_16jan2015_HSS_Market_Size_Share_Forecast.pdf">"Outsell HSS Market Size Share Forecast"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digest.sagepub.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Outsell_Market_Performance_16jan2015_HSS_Market_Size_Share_Forecast.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Outsell+HSS+Market+Size+Share+Forecast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigest.sagepub.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F01%2FOutsell_Market_Performance_16jan2015_HSS_Market_Size_Share_Forecast.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECope1998-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECope1998_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECope1998_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCope1998">Cope 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Informa-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Informa_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910164259/https://informa.com/divisions/academic-publishing/">"Academic Publishing"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://informa.com/divisions/academic-publishing/">the original</a> on 10 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Academic+Publishing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finforma.com%2Fdivisions%2Facademic-publishing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taylorandfrancis.com/contact/global-offices/">"T&F Group Global Offices"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928122833/https://taylorandfrancis.com/contact/global-offices/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%26F+Group+Global+Offices&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaylorandfrancis.com%2Fcontact%2Fglobal-offices%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-railwaylibrary-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-railwaylibrary_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-railwaylibrary_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collections/early/victorian/yellow/yellow3.html">"Yellowbacks: III – Routledge's Railway Library"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216061157/http://www.bl.uk/collections/early/victorian/yellow/yellow3.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yellowbacks%3A+III+%E2%80%93+Routledge%27s+Railway+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fcollections%2Fearly%2Fvictorian%2Fyellow%2Fyellow3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Railway_Library_history-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Railway_Library_history_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Railway_Library_history_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner" class="citation web cs1">Wagner, David Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publishinghistory.com/routledges-railway-library.html">"Routledge's Railway Library (George Routledge)"</a>. <i>Book Series List</i>. Publishing History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319203915/https://www.publishinghistory.com/routledges-railway-library.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Book+Series+List&rft.atitle=Routledge%27s+Railway+Library+%28George+Routledge%29&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=David+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishinghistory.com%2Froutledges-railway-library.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UCL-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UCL_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.ucl.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqSearch=RefNo==%27ROUTLEDGE%27&dsqDb=Catalog">"UCL Library Services: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd Archives – 1850–1984"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216063752/http://archives.ucl.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqSearch=RefNo==%27ROUTLEDGE%27&dsqDb=Catalog">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UCL+Library+Services%3A+Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul+Ltd+Archives+%E2%80%93+1850%E2%80%931984&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.ucl.ac.uk%2FDServe%2Fdserve.exe%3FdsqIni%3DDserve.ini%26dsqApp%3DArchive%26dsqCmd%3DShow.tcl%26dsqSearch%3DRefNo%3D%3D%2527ROUTLEDGE%2527%26dsqDb%3DCatalog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESutherland2009527,_553-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutherland2009527,_553_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSutherland2009">Sutherland 2009</a>, pp. 527, 553.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxford-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oxford_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnesBarnes2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Barnes, James J.; Barnes, Patience P. (2004). "Routledge, George". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F24184">10.1093/ref:odnb/24184</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Routledge%2C+George&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F24184&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=James+J.&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Patience+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-censusrecord-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-censusrecord_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geni.com/people/William-Warne/6000000012518167353">"William Henry Warne (1822–1859) – Genealogy"</a>. <i>Geni</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150216060357/http://www.geni.com/people/William-Warne/6000000012518167353">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geni&rft.atitle=William+Henry+Warne+%281822%E2%80%931859%29+%E2%80%93+Genealogy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geni.com%2Fpeople%2FWilliam-Warne%2F6000000012518167353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ketupa-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ketupa_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160409074957/http://ketupa.net/tfinforma.htm">"Taylor and Francis Informa"</a>. <i>ketupa.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ketupa.net/tfinforma.htm">the original</a> on 9 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ketupa.net&rft.atitle=Taylor+and+Francis+Informa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fketupa.net%2Ftfinforma.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNB-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DNB_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Routledge,_George_%28DNB00%29">"Routledge, George"</a>. <i>Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 49</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150914134430/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Routledge,_George_%28DNB00%29">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2015</span> – via Wikisource.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography%2C+1885-1900%2C+Volume+49&rft.atitle=Routledge%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FRoutledge%2C_George_%2528DNB00%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/lucile/publishers/kegan/kegan.htm">"PUBLISHER: Kegan Paul, Trench & Company; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Company, London"</a>. <i>The Lucile Project</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161106104908/http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/lucile/publishers/kegan/kegan.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lucile+Project&rft.atitle=PUBLISHER%3A+Kegan+Paul%2C+Trench+%26+Company%3B+Kegan+Paul%2C+Trench%2C+Tr%C3%BCbner+%26+Company%2C+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdrc.lib.uiowa.edu%2Flucile%2Fpublishers%2Fkegan%2Fkegan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFranklin1986-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFranklin1986_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFranklin1986">Franklin 1986</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWhipp199247-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWhipp199247_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWhipp1992">Whipp 1992</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson1996" class="citation journal cs1">Richardson, Jean (13 May 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&sw=w&issn=00000019&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA18283959&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs">"U.K. venture firm to buy Routledge"</a>. <i>Publishers Weekly</i>. <b>243</b> (20): 16–17. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0000-0019">0000-0019</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240602204029/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRC&sw=w&issn=00000019&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA18283959&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs&userGroupName=anon%7E4aef6bab&aty=open-web-entry">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publishers+Weekly&rft.atitle=U.K.+venture+firm+to+buy+Routledge&rft.volume=243&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=16-17&rft.date=1996-05-13&rft.issn=0000-0019&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DLitRC%26sw%3Dw%26issn%3D00000019%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr%26id%3DGALE%257CA18283959%26sid%3DgoogleScholar%26linkaccess%3Dabs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKernan2013" class="citation journal cs1">Kernan, M. A. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/journal/12109">"Routledge as a global publisher: A case study, 1980-2010"</a>. <i>Publishing Research Quarterly</i>. <b>29</b> (1): 52–72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12109-013-9304-9">10.1007/s12109-013-9304-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1053-8801">1053-8801</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:255517143">255517143</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191220213311/https://link.springer.com/journal/12109">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publishing+Research+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Routledge+as+a+global+publisher%3A+A+case+study%2C+1980-2010&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=52-72&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A255517143%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1053-8801&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12109-013-9304-9&rft.aulast=Kernan&rft.aufirst=M.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fjournal%2F12109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkPhillips2008xvi-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarkPhillips2008xvi_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClarkPhillips2008">Clark & Phillips 2008</a>, p. xvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-T&F-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-T&F_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunroe2007" class="citation book cs1">Munroe, Mary Hovas (13 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ulib.niu.edu/publishers/TaylorFrancis.htm">"Taylor & Francis"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ulib.niu.edu/publishers/"><i>Academic publishing industry: A story of merger and acquisition</i></a>. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Libraries.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.btitle=Academic+publishing+industry%3A+A+story+of+merger+and+acquisition&rft.place=DeKalb%2C+IL&rft.pub=Northern+Illinois+University+Libraries&rft.date=2007-03-13&rft.aulast=Munroe&rft.aufirst=Mary+Hovas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fulib.niu.edu%2Fpublishers%2FTaylorFrancis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor_&_Francis-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_&_Francis_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_&_Francis_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-informa2015-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-informa2015_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informa.com/Documents/Investor%20Relations/2016/FY2015/20160210%20FY%20Results%20Statement%20-%20Final.pdf">"Results for 12 months to 31st December 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180927125456/https://informa.com/Documents/Investor%20Relations/2016/FY2015/20160210%20FY%20Results%20Statement%20-%20Final.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Results+for+12+months+to+31st+December+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informa.com%2FDocuments%2FInvestor%2520Relations%2F2016%2FFY2015%2F20160210%2520FY%2520Results%2520Statement%2520-%2520Final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-members-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-members_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sdg-publishers-compact-members/">"SDG Publishers Compact Members"</a>. <i>United Nations Sustainable Development</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230726040805/https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sdg-publishers-compact-members/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Sustainable+Development&rft.atitle=SDG+Publishers+Compact+Members&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fsustainabledevelopment%2Fsdg-publishers-compact-members%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sdg-publishers-compact/">"SDG Publishers Compact"</a>. <i>United Nations Sustainable Development</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721053207/https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sdg-publishers-compact/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Sustainable+Development&rft.atitle=SDG+Publishers+Compact&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fsustainabledevelopment%2Fsdg-publishers-compact%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/our-commitment-to-sustainable-publishing">"Our Commitment to Sustainable Publishing"</a>. <i>Routledge</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230812233820/https://www.routledge.com/our-commitment-to-sustainable-publishing">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Routledge&rft.atitle=Our+Commitment+to+Sustainable+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Four-commitment-to-sustainable-publishing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ninastibbe.com/about">"About Nina Stibbe"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230204122431/https://www.ninastibbe.com/about/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Nina+Stibbe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ninastibbe.com%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chronicle.com/article/william-germano-editor-and-key-figure-in-rise-of-cultural-studies-is-ousted-by-publishing-house/?emailConfirmed=true&supportSignUp=true&supportForgotPassword=true&email=zf2148@columbia.edu&success=true&code=success&bc_nonce=atbbaolc1ojnm7zlh3acvi&cid=gen_sign_in">"William Germano, Editor and Key Figure in Rise of Cultural Studies, Is Ousted by Publishing House"</a>. <i>Chronicle of Higher Education</i>. 15 September 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230417152003/https://www.chronicle.com/article/william-germano-editor-and-key-figure-in-rise-of-cultural-studies-is-ousted-by-publishing-house/?emailConfirmed=true&supportSignUp=true&supportForgotPassword=true&email=zf2148@columbia.edu&success=true&code=success&bc_nonce=atbbaolc1ojnm7zlh3acvi&cid=gen_sign_in">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chronicle+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=William+Germano%2C+Editor+and+Key+Figure+in+Rise+of+Cultural+Studies%2C+Is+Ousted+by+Publishing+House&rft.date=2005-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chronicle.com%2Farticle%2Fwilliam-germano-editor-and-key-figure-in-rise-of-cultural-studies-is-ousted-by-publishing-house%2F%3FemailConfirmed%3Dtrue%26supportSignUp%3Dtrue%26supportForgotPassword%3Dtrue%26email%3Dzf2148%40columbia.edu%26success%3Dtrue%26code%3Dsuccess%26bc_nonce%3Datbbaolc1ojnm7zlh3acvi%26cid%3Dgen_sign_in&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/classics">"Routledge Classics and Routledge Great Minds"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200118020938/https://www.routledge.com/classics">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Routledge+Classics+and+Routledge+Great+Minds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Fclassics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFister2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Fister, Barbara (22 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/library-babel-fish/writing-unpaywall">"The Writing on the Unpaywall"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Inside_Higher_Ed" title="Inside Higher Ed">Inside Higher Ed</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208140016/https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/library-babel-fish/writing-unpaywall">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inside+Higher+Ed&rft.atitle=The+Writing+on+the+Unpaywall&rft.date=2019-10-22&rft.aulast=Fister&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehighered.com%2Fblogs%2Flibrary-babel-fish%2Fwriting-unpaywall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rep.routledge.com-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rep.routledge.com_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rep.routledge.com_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rep.routledge.com/">"Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191028234800/https://www.rep.routledge.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rep.routledge.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170101225205/http://www.europaworld.com/pub/">"Europa World Online"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europaworld.com/pub/">the original</a> on 1 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Europa+World+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europaworld.com%2Fpub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319203916/https://www.worldwhoswho.com/public/views/home.html">"World Who's Who"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwhoswho.com/public/views/home.html">the original</a> on 19 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Who%27s+Who&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwhoswho.com%2Fpublic%2Fviews%2Fhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldoflearning.com/">"The Europa World of Learning"</a>. <i>worldoflearning.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723172029/http://www.worldoflearning.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldoflearning.com&rft.atitle=The+Europa+World+of+Learning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldoflearning.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/">"Routledge Handbooks Online"</a>. <i>routledgehandbooks.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230430201405/https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=routledgehandbooks.com&rft.atitle=Routledge+Handbooks+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledgehandbooks.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rem.routledge.com/">"Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism"</a>. <i>rem.routledge.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406121145/https://www.rem.routledge.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rem.routledge.com&rft.atitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Modernism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rem.routledge.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledgeperformancearchive.com/">"Routledge Performance Archive"</a>. <i>routledgeperformancearchive.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230429061125/https://www.routledgeperformancearchive.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=routledgeperformancearchive.com&rft.atitle=Routledge+Performance+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledgeperformancearchive.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southasiaarchive.com/unauthenticated">"South Asia Archive"</a>. <i>southasiaarchive.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220524131700/http://www.southasiaarchive.com/unauthenticated">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=southasiaarchive.com&rft.atitle=South+Asia+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southasiaarchive.com%2Funauthenticated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Routledge_Worlds-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_Worlds_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Routledge_Worlds_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Worlds/book-series/WORLDS">"Routledge Worlds - Book Series - Routledge & CRC Press"</a>. <i>Routledge</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230715010334/https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Worlds/book-series/WORLDS">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Routledge&rft.atitle=Routledge+Worlds+-+Book+Series+-+Routledge+%26+CRC+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FRoutledge-Worlds%2Fbook-series%2FWORLDS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone" class="citation web cs1">Stone, Thomas E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebooksinmylife.com/p/broadway-travellers.html">"Collecting The Broadway Travellers Series"</a>. <i>The Books In My Life blog</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190419224847/http://www.thebooksinmylife.com/p/broadway-travellers.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Books+In+My+Life+blog&rft.atitle=Collecting+The+Broadway+Travellers+Series&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebooksinmylife.com%2Fp%2Fbroadway-travellers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306180834/https://www.routledge.com/Colloquial-Series/book-series/SE0069">"Colloquial Series"</a>. <i>Routledge</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Colloquial-Series/book-series/SE0069">the original</a> on 6 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Routledge&rft.atitle=Colloquial+Series&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FColloquial-Series%2Fbook-series%2FSE0069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Essential-Grammars/book-series/SE0549?pd=published,forthcoming&pg=3&pp=12&so=pub&view=list">"Routledge Essential Grammars – Book Series"</a>. <i>Routledge & CRC Press</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221130050355/https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Essential-Grammars/book-series/SE0549?pd=published,forthcoming&pg=3&pp=12&so=pub&view=list">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Routledge+%26+CRC+Press&rft.atitle=Routledge+Essential+Grammars+%E2%80%93+Book+Series&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FRoutledge-Essential-Grammars%2Fbook-series%2FSE0549%3Fpd%3Dpublished%2Cforthcoming%26pg%3D3%26pp%3D12%26so%3Dpub%26view%3Dlist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180624063936/http://www.publishinghistory.com/morleys-universal-library-routledge.html">"Morley's Universal Library (George Routledge) - Book Series List"</a>. <i>Publishing History</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publishinghistory.com/morleys-universal-library-routledge.html">the original</a> on 24 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Publishing+History&rft.atitle=Morley%27s+Universal+Library+%28George+Routledge%29+-+Book+Series+List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishinghistory.com%2Fmorleys-universal-library-routledge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrygier2016" class="citation web cs1">Krygier, John (28 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seriesofseries.owu.edu/the-muses-library/">"Muses' Library"</a>. A Series of Series. <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Wesleyan_University" title="Ohio Wesleyan University">Ohio Wesleyan University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413055719/https://seriesofseries.owu.edu/the-muses-library/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2019</span> – via <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Muses%27+Library&rft.series=A+Series+of+Series&rft.pub=Ohio+Wesleyan+University&rft.date=2016-03-28&rft.aulast=Krygier&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fseriesofseries.owu.edu%2Fthe-muses-library%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrygier2017" class="citation web cs1">Krygier, John (December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://seriesofseries.owu.edu/republic-of-letters/">"Republic of Letters"</a>. A Series of Series. Ohio Wesleyan University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413060826/https://seriesofseries.owu.edu/republic-of-letters/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Republic+of+Letters&rft.series=A+Series+of+Series&rft.pub=Ohio+Wesleyan+University&rft.date=2017-12&rft.aulast=Krygier&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fseriesofseries.owu.edu%2Frepublic-of-letters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoynton1995" class="citation magazine cs1">Boynton, Robert (March–April 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160601080604/http://www.robertboynton.com/articleDisplay.php?article_id=24">"The Routledge Revolution: Has Academic Publishing Gone Tabloid?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lingua_Franca_(magazine)" title="Lingua Franca (magazine)">Lingua Franca: the review of academic life</a></i>. Vol. 5, no. 3. <a href="/wiki/Mamaroneck,_New_York" title="Mamaroneck, New York">Mamaroneck, NY</a>: Lingua Franca, Inc. pp. 24–32. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61311445">61311445</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertboynton.com/articleDisplay.php?article_id=24">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(online reproduction, by author [n.pag.])</span> on 1 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lingua+Franca%3A+the+review+of+academic+life&rft.atitle=The+Routledge+Revolution%3A+Has+Academic+Publishing+Gone+Tabloid%3F&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=24-32&rft.date=1995-03%2F1995-04&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F61311445&rft.aulast=Boynton&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertboynton.com%2FarticleDisplay.php%3Farticle_id%3D24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkPhillips2008" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Giles N.; Phillips, Angus (2008). <i>Inside Book Publishing</i>. Taylor & Francis-Library collection (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Abingdon-on-Thames" title="Abingdon-on-Thames">Abingdon-on-Thames</a>, England; New York, NY: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-34154-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-34154-4"><bdi>978-0-203-34154-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/182573667">182573667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Book+Publishing&rft.place=Abingdon-on-Thames%2C+England%3B+New+York%2C+NY&rft.series=Taylor+%26+Francis-Library+collection&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F182573667&rft.isbn=978-0-203-34154-4&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Giles+N.&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Angus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCope1998" class="citation news cs1">Cope, Nigel (5 November 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/books-merger-yields-windfall-of-pounds-6m-1182898.html">"Books merger yields windfall of £6m"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(online edition)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Independent_News_%26_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent News & Media">Independent News & Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415152255/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/books-merger-yields-windfall-of-pounds-6m-1182898.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Books+merger+yields+windfall+of+%C2%A36m&rft.date=1998-11-05&rft.aulast=Cope&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fbooks-merger-yields-windfall-of-pounds-6m-1182898.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklin1986" class="citation book cs1">Franklin, Norman (1986). <i>Routledge & Kegan Paul: 150 years of great publishing</i>. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/24489168">24489168</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul%3A+150+years+of+great+publishing&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F24489168&rft.aulast=Franklin&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutherland2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Sutherland_(author)" title="John Sutherland (author)">Sutherland, John</a> (2009). <i>The Longman Companion to Victorian Fiction</i> (2nd ed.). Abingdon, England; New York, NY: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1408203903" title="Special:BookSources/978-1408203903"><bdi>978-1408203903</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Longman+Companion+to+Victorian+Fiction&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+England%3B+New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1408203903&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarburg1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fredric_Warburg" title="Fredric Warburg">Warburg, Fredric</a> (1960). <i>An Occupation for Gentlemen</i> (1st American ed.). Boston, MA: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1201220">1201220</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Occupation+for+Gentlemen&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.edition=1st+American&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1201220&rft.aulast=Warburg&rft.aufirst=Fredric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhipp1992" class="citation book cs1">Whipp, Richard (1992). "Human Resource Management, Competition and Strategy: Some Productive Tensions". In Paul Blyton; Peter Turnbull (eds.). <i>Reassessing Human Resource Management</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. pp. 33–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8039-8697-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8039-8697-1"><bdi>0-8039-8697-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/28325927">28325927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Human+Resource+Management%2C+Competition+and+Strategy%3A+Some+Productive+Tensions&rft.btitle=Reassessing+Human+Resource+Management&rft.place=London&rft.pages=33-55&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F28325927&rft.isbn=0-8039-8697-1&rft.aulast=Whipp&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoutledge" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Routledge" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Routledge">Routledge</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/corporate/about-us">History of Routledge</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Revivals/book-series/REVIVALS">Routledge Revivals</a>: Reprints from humanities and social sciences publications, from the backlists of Routledge imprints.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/library/special-collections/a-z/routledge">Routledge & Kegan Paul Archives</a>: Ledgers, authors' agreements, printed catalogues and other papers 1853–1973, University College London.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.reading.ac.uk/special-collections/collections/routledge-kegan-paul-archive/">Records of Routledge & Kegan Paul</a>: Correspondence files covering the period 1935 to 1990, as well as review files 1950s–1990s, Special Collections, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Reading Library">University of Reading Library</a>.</li> <li>Archives of George Routledge & Company 1853–1902, Chadwyck-Healey Ltd, 1973. 6 reels of microfilm and printed index. (Available from ProQuest)</li> <li>Archives of Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Henry S. King 1858–1912, Chadwyck-Healey Ltd,1973. 27 reels of microfilm with index on microfiche. (Available from Proquest)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Informa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Informa" title="Template:Informa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Informa" title="Template talk:Informa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Informa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Informa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Informa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Routledge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Focal_Press" title="Focal Press">Focal Press</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taylor_%26_Francis_academic_journals" title="Category:Taylor & Francis academic journals">Journals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Informa<br />Connect</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fan_Expo" title="Fan Expo">Fan Expo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Expo_Boston" title="Fan Expo Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Expo" title="Calgary Expo">Calgary Expo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Expo_Canada" title="Fan Expo Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Expo_Chicago" title="Fan Expo Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Expo_Dallas" title="Fan Expo Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Expo_Denver" title="Fan Expo Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Expo" title="Calgary Expo">Edmonton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MegaCon" title="MegaCon">MegaCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Comicon" title="Toronto Comicon">Toronto Comicon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connect</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bride_Show" title="The Bride Show">The Bride Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Film_and_Comic_Con" title="Middle East Film and Comic Con">Middle East Film and Comic Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation%27s_Restaurant_News" title="Nation's Restaurant News">Nation's Restaurant News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VidCon" title="VidCon">VidCon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Informa Markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Air_Transport_World" title="Air Transport World">Air Transport World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aviation_Week_%26_Space_Technology" title="Aviation Week & Space Technology">Aviation Week & Space Technology</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chemist_%2B_Druggist" title="Chemist + Druggist">Chemist + Druggist</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Design_News" title="Design News">Design News</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Progress" title="Farm Progress">Farm Progress</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MD%26DI" title="MD&DI">MD&DI</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Yacht_Show" title="Monaco Yacht Show">Monaco Yacht Show</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nation%27s_Restaurant_News" title="Nation's Restaurant News">Nation's Restaurant News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trusts_%26_Estates_(journal)" title="Trusts & Estates (journal)">Trusts & Estates</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Concrete" title="World of Concrete">World of Concrete</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Informa Tech</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Game_Developer_(website)" title="Game Developer (website)">Game Developer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Developers_Conference" title="Game Developers Conference">Game Developers Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_Dive" title="Industry Dive">Industry Dive</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/CFO_(magazine)" title="CFO (magazine)">CFO</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InformationWeek" title="InformationWeek">InformationWeek</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_Reading" title="Light Reading">Light Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovum_Ltd." title="Ovum Ltd.">Ovum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ward%27s" title="Ward's">Ward's</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1508259#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1508259#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1508259#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121790986">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146326081">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/10009431-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81144562">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12757325j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12757325j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35998494">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/802619">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/9019369">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9812404323305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007594790005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/label/ec25375f-cb32-481d-99f1-8a936edd5e7e">MusicBrainz label</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Routledge&oldid=1234554975">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Routledge&oldid=1234554975</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_publishing_companies" title="Category:Academic publishing companies">Academic publishing companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_publishing_companies_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Book publishing companies of the United Kingdom">Book publishing companies of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Oxfordshire" title="Category:Companies based in Oxfordshire">Companies based in Oxfordshire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Reference_publishers" title="Category:Reference publishers">Reference publishers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vale_of_White_Horse" title="Category:Vale of White Horse">Vale of White Horse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1998_mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Category:1998 mergers and acquisitions">1998 mergers and acquisitions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1851_establishments_in_England" title="Category:1851 establishments in England">1851 establishments in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Publishing_companies_established_in_1851" title="Category:Publishing companies established in 1851">Publishing companies established in 1851</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_ODNB" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_cite_ODNB_with_id_parameter" title="Category:Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter">Pages using cite ODNB with id parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_November_2018" title="Category:Use British English from November 2018">Use British English from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from January 2020">Use dmy dates from January 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 July 2024, at 23:42<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Routledge&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-b8zqw","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.760","walltime":"0.947","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4199,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":120867,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3339,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":181517,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 843.894 1 -total"," 35.21% 297.123 1 Template:Reflist"," 24.32% 205.232 35 Template:Cite_web"," 11.44% 96.553 1 Template:Infobox_publisher"," 11.01% 92.923 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.38% 79.184 1 Template:Informa"," 9.28% 78.314 2 Template:Navbox"," 8.39% 70.836 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.08% 59.728 6 Template:Sfn"," 5.43% 45.809 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.492","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9218024,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBarnesBarnes2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoynton1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarkPhillips2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCope1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFister2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFranklin1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKernan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrygier2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrygier2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMunroe2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichardson1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSutherland2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagner\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarburg1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhipp1992\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Category see also\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite ODNB\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite RDPCE\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 35,\n [\"Cn\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"For\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox publisher\"] = 1,\n [\"Informa\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 6,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-2hmlm","timestamp":"20241122140749","ttl":726736,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Routledge","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Routledge","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1508259","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1508259","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-07-10T12:42:42Z","dateModified":"2024-07-14T23:42:34Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/f\/f3\/Routledge_logo.svg","headline":"British multinational academic publisher founded in 1836"}</script> </body> </html>