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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Roman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Medieval period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks_and_sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks_and_sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Landmarks and sculpture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks_and_sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Book_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Book_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Book references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Book_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cramond" title="Cramond – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cramond" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cramond" title="Cramond – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cramond" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="کراموند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کراموند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cramond_(%C3%89dimbourg)" title="Cramond (Édimbourg) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cramond (Édimbourg)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathair_Amain" title="Cathair Amain – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cathair Amain" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cair_Amain" title="Cair Amain – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cair Amain" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cramond" title="Cramond – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cramond" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cramond" title="Cramond – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cramond" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7" title="克拉蒙德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克拉蒙德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1249896#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cramond&params=55_58.78_N_3_18.04_W_region:GB_type:city(7500)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°58.78′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°18.04′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.97967°N 3.30067°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.97967; -3.30067</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Village and suburb of Edinburgh, Scotland</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human settlement in Scotland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Cramond Village<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist ib-uk-place-other-names"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Cair Amain</i></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cramond_Harbour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cramond_Harbour.jpg/240px-Cramond_Harbour.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cramond_Harbour.jpg/360px-Cramond_Harbour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cramond_Harbour.jpg/480px-Cramond_Harbour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div>Cramond Harbour</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cramond Village is located in the City of Edinburgh council area"><img alt="Cramond Village is located in the City of Edinburgh council area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Edinburgh_UK_location_map.svg/240px-Edinburgh_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Edinburgh_UK_location_map.svg/360px-Edinburgh_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Edinburgh_UK_location_map.svg/480px-Edinburgh_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="1384" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.132%;left:40.317%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cramond Village"><img alt="Cramond Village" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Cramond Village</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Edinburgh_council_area" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Edinburgh council area">City of Edinburgh council area</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the City of Edinburgh council area</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scotland_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cramond Village is located in Scotland"><img alt="Cramond Village is located in Scotland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Scotland_location_map.svg/240px-Scotland_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Scotland_location_map.svg/360px-Scotland_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Scotland_location_map.svg/480px-Scotland_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="1483" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:77.236%;left:65.468%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cramond Village"><img alt="Cramond Village" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Cramond Village</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Scotland</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">13,409 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdom_Census_2024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Kingdom Census 2024 (page does not exist)">2024</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=55.972685~-3.304860&lvl=16&sp=Point.55.972685_-3.304860_Cramond+Village&sty=s&style=s">NT18667629</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Scotland" title="Subdivisions of Scotland">Council area</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Edinburgh_(council_area)" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Edinburgh (council area)">City of Edinburgh</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">EDINBURGH</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/EH_postcode_area" title="EH postcode area">EH4</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UK_Telephone_numbering_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Telephone numbering plan">0131</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Police_Scotland" title="Police Scotland">Scotland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Scottish Fire and Rescue Service">Scottish</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Ambulance_Service" title="Scottish Ambulance Service">Scottish</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Edinburgh West (UK Parliament constituency)">Edinburgh West</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament_constituencies_and_electoral_regions" title="Scottish Parliament constituencies and electoral regions">Scottish Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_West_(Scottish_Parliament_constituency)" title="Edinburgh West (Scottish Parliament constituency)">Edinburgh Western</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Scotland" title="List of places in Scotland">Scotland</a></dd> <dd></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cramond&params=55_58.78_N_3_18.04_W_region:GB_type:city(7500)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°58.78′N</span> <span class="longitude">3°18.04′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.97967°N 3.30067°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.97967; -3.30067</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cramond Village</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">Cair Amain</i>) is a village and suburb in the north-west of <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland, at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/River_Almond,_Lothian" title="River Almond, Lothian">River Almond</a> where it enters the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a>. </p><p>The Cramond area has evidence of <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Scotland">Roman</a> activity. In modern times, it was the birthplace of the Scottish economist <a href="/wiki/John_Law_(economist)" title="John Law (economist)">John Law</a> (1671–1729). Cramond was incorporated into the City of Edinburgh by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edinburgh_Boundaries_Extension_and_Tramways_Act_1920&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edinburgh Boundaries Extension and Tramways Act 1920 (page does not exist)">Edinburgh Boundaries Extension and Tramways Act 1920</a> (<a href="/wiki/10_%26_11_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="10 & 11 Geo. 5">10 & 11 Geo. 5</a>. c. lxxxvii).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was once believed that <a href="/wiki/Cramond_Roman_Fort" title="Cramond Roman Fort">Cramond Roman Fort</a> was known to the Romans as <i>Alaterva</i>. A stone altar was dug up in the grounds of Cramond House dedicated "To the Alatervan <a href="/wiki/Matres_and_Matrones" class="mw-redirect" title="Matres and Matrones">Mothers</a> and the Mothers of the Parade-ground."<sup id="cite_ref-rcahms_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rcahms-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early <a href="/wiki/Antiquarian" title="Antiquarian">antiquarians</a> interpreted the inscription as referring to the place where the stone was found, but this idea is no longer accepted among scholars, and "Alatervae" is presumably a native name for the deities the <a href="/wiki/Matres_and_Matronae" title="Matres and Matronae">Matres and Matronae</a>, perhaps originating with the <a href="/wiki/Tungri" title="Tungri">Tungrian</a> cohort who erected the altar.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the centuries that followed the end of the Roman occupation, Cramond passed into the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Votadini" title="Votadini">Votadini</a>, who spoke <a href="/wiki/Cumbric_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumbric language">Cumbric</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Brythonic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Brythonic languages">Brythonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic language</a>, and gave the settlement its name. Cramond is derived from the compound <i>Caer Amon</i>, meaning 'fort on the river', referring to the Roman fort that lay on the River Almond.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cramondinscription.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Cramondinscription.jpg/200px-Cramondinscription.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Cramondinscription.jpg/300px-Cramondinscription.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Cramondinscription.jpg 2x" data-file-width="322" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>The inscription on the Roman altar dedicated to the Alatervan Mothers and the Mothers of the Parade-ground.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pre-Roman">Pre-Roman</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pre-Roman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archaeological excavations at Cramond have uncovered evidence of habitation dating to around <a href="/wiki/9th_millennium_BC" title="9th millennium BC">8500 BC</a>, making it, for a time, the earliest known site of human settlement in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-Nuts_give_clue_to_'oldest'_Scots_site_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuts_give_clue_to_'oldest'_Scots_site-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inhabitants of the Mesolithic camp-site were nomadic hunter-gatherers who moved around their territories according to the season of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-hunter-gatherers_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunter-gatherers-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although no bones survived the acid soil, waste pits and stakeholes that would have supported shelters or windbreaks were excavated. Numerous discarded hazelnut shells, the waste product of the inhabitants' staple food, were found in the pits and used to carbon-date the site.<sup id="cite_ref-hunter-gatherers_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunter-gatherers-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought the site was chosen for its location near the junction of the Firth of Forth and the River Almond, where the rich oyster and mussel beds proved a reliable natural resource. Many <a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">microlith</a> stone tools manufactured at the site were found, and pre-date finds of similar style in England.<sup id="cite_ref-Earliest_evidence_found_of_settlers_in_Scotland_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earliest_evidence_found_of_settlers_in_Scotland-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roman_period">Roman period</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Roman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cramond_Roman_Fort" title="Cramond Roman Fort">Cramond Roman Fort</a></div> <p>Around 142, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> forces arrived at Cramond by order of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a>, with the task of establishing a <a href="/wiki/Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort">fort</a> at the mouth of the River Almond. This fort would guard the eastern flank of the fortified frontier known as the <a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall">Antonine Wall</a> (named after the Emperor, as with <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a>'s Wall) that the Romans had established across Scotland. Nearly five hundred men worked on the site, building a fort that covered nearly six acres, with a harbour for communication. However, the fort was only inhabited for a short time, perhaps fifteen years, before it was abandoned by the troops who were ordered to retreat south to <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a>. Pottery and coins of later date indicate that the fort and harbour were reinhabited and used as a base for the army and navy of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a>, sometime between 208 and 211.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The medieval parish church of Cramond parish (which retains its late medieval western tower in altered form), was built within the Roman fort. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cramond_Lioness,_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Cramond_Lioness%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/220px-Cramond_Lioness%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Cramond_Lioness%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/330px-Cramond_Lioness%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Cramond_Lioness%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg/440px-Cramond_Lioness%2C_National_Museum_of_Scotland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cramond_Lioness" title="Cramond Lioness">Cramond Lioness</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Scotland" title="National Museum of Scotland">National Museum of Scotland</a>, Edinburgh</figcaption></figure> <p>Though knowledge of the Roman presence at Cramond was recorded afterwards, the remains of the fort itself were only rediscovered in 1954. Substantial archaeological research was carried out upon its discovery to build up a reasonably accurate picture of the site in Roman times. The fort was rectangular in shape, with walls fifteen feet high on all sides. A <a href="/wiki/Gatehouse" title="Gatehouse">gatehouse</a> was set in every wall, allowing access in all four directions. Inside, there were barracks, workshops, granaries, headquarters and the commander's house. Later excavations revealed other constructions outside the boundary of the fort, including a <a href="/wiki/Thermae" title="Thermae">bath-house</a>, further industrial workshops and a native settlement. </p><p>In 1997, the <a href="/wiki/Cramond_Lioness" title="Cramond Lioness">Cramond Lioness</a> was uncovered in the harbour mud by a local boatman (who received a substantial monetary reward for finding this major antiquity), and was identified as a sandstone statue of a lioness devouring a hapless male figure, probably one of a pair at the tomb of a military commander. After conservation, the statue was put on display in the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Scotland" title="National Museum of Scotland">National Museum of Scotland</a> in Edinburgh. It is one of the most ambitious pieces of Roman sculpture to have survived in Scotland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medieval_period">Medieval period</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Medieval period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cramond_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Cramond_map.jpg/200px-Cramond_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Cramond_map.jpg/300px-Cramond_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/Cramond_map.jpg/400px-Cramond_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1071" data-file-height="698" /></a><figcaption>A map showing the parish of Cramond in 1794.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the departure of the Romans, little is known about the state of Cramond for several centuries. The historiography of the period has been summed up by the historian J. Wood, who wrote 'a dark cloud of obscurity again settled over the parish of Cramond, of which I cannot find the smallest memorial in any historian till the year 995.'<sup id="cite_ref-dark_cloud_of_obscurity_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dark_cloud_of_obscurity-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Tower_house" title="Tower house">tower house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cramond_Tower" title="Cramond Tower">Cramond Tower</a>, probably built in the early 15th century, and part of a now-demolished larger establishment, was once a manor house of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Dunkeld" title="Bishop of Dunkeld">Bishops of Dunkeld</a>, of whose diocese Cramond was a part. It was made structurally sound and converted to a private dwelling in the 1980s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cramond_causeway_pylons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Cramond_causeway_pylons.jpg/300px-Cramond_causeway_pylons.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Cramond_causeway_pylons.jpg/450px-Cramond_causeway_pylons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Cramond_causeway_pylons.jpg/600px-Cramond_causeway_pylons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3683" data-file-height="3873" /></a><figcaption>Cramond causeway pylons in Edinburgh in the evening light with a walker strolling along the causeway.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Long_Walk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_38912.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Long_Walk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_38912.jpg/300px-The_Long_Walk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_38912.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Long_Walk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_38912.jpg/450px-The_Long_Walk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_38912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Long_Walk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_38912.jpg/600px-The_Long_Walk_-_geograph.org.uk_-_38912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>View of Cramond Causeway looking towards Cramond</figcaption></figure> <p>Cramond developed slowly over the centuries, with <a href="/wiki/Cramond_Kirk" title="Cramond Kirk">Cramond Kirk</a> being founded in 1656. After a brief period spent as an industrial village in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, by the late 19th century it became a desirable suburb of Edinburgh, which it remains to this day. </p><p>Cramond was officially made part of Edinburgh on 1 November 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 February 2009, <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Langley" title="Philippa Langley">Philippa Langley</a> began her successful Looking For Richard Project at the Cramond Inn.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cramond is located in northwest Edinburgh, about 5 miles (8.0 km) from the city centre, at the mouth of the River Almond where it enters the Firth of Forth. </p><p>Historically, the parish of Cramond extended from the shore of the Firth of Forth in the north to the parish of <a href="/wiki/Corstorphine" title="Corstorphine">Corstorphine</a> in the south, and was bounded on the west by the parishes of <a href="/wiki/Dalmeny" title="Dalmeny">Dalmeny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kirkliston" title="Kirkliston">Kirkliston</a> and on the east by the parish of St Cuthbert's.<sup id="cite_ref-geography_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geography-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It covered an area of fifteen square miles, and encompassed the villages of <a href="/wiki/Granton,_Edinburgh" title="Granton, Edinburgh">Granton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilton,_Edinburgh" title="Pilton, Edinburgh">Pilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muirhouse" title="Muirhouse">Muirhouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Davidson%27s_Mains" title="Davidson's Mains">Davidson's Mains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackhall,_Edinburgh" title="Blackhall, Edinburgh">Blackhall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravelston" title="Ravelston">Ravelston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craigcrook" title="Craigcrook">Craigcrook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turnhouse" title="Turnhouse">Turnhouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Craigiehall" title="Craigiehall">Craigiehall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-parish_boundaries_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parish_boundaries-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The area has a low, gently undulating <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a> that drops down from the top of Corstorphine hill to the shore in three gradual stages and is intersected by the River Almond which flows northward into the Forth.<sup id="cite_ref-topography_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topography-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Wood" title="John Philip Wood">John Philip Wood</a> writing in 1794 calls the river "Amon" and notes the stretch running from Craigiehall to the Firth of Forth has wooded, high and steep banks, "frequently chequered with bold and overhanging rocks".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the last ice age the area was heavily glaciated, and the main direction of the ice flow was west to east. Consequently, there are rock deposits on the east side of landforms such as the Almond river valley, and until the Cramond promenade was built in the 1930s large glacial boulders were strewn along the shore.<sup id="cite_ref-topography_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topography-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The geology of Cramond consists of <a href="/wiki/Calciferous_sandstone" title="Calciferous sandstone">calciferous sandstone</a>, which mixed with two later <a href="/wiki/Sill_(geology)" title="Sill (geology)">sills</a> to give the area its characteristic chocolate-brown soil.<sup id="cite_ref-topography_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topography-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leaflet "Geological history of cramond" provides information about the geology of the cramond area such as that there is a coal seam visible near the beach on the south west side of the river almond estuary.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the coast, west of the River Almond is Hunter's Craig or Eagle Rock, with a carving traditionally maintained to be that of an eagle. The carving was described by <a href="/wiki/William_Maitland_(historian)" title="William Maitland (historian)">William Maitland</a> in 1753 to have become "prey to time and the inclemency of the weather".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Canmore_(database)" title="Canmore (database)">Canmore</a> states the age of the carving as uncertain and its present condition as extremely weathered.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks_and_sculpture">Landmarks and sculpture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Landmarks and sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 8 tonne work <i>Fish</i> has been permanently installed on the Waterfront at Cramond in 2009<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after a successful campaign by the Cramond community, paying homage to the eight months of carving of the pink granite there by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Rae" title="Ronald Rae">Ronald Rae</a> in 2002. </p><p>Cramond Kirk Church Hall also displays the smaller <i>Cramond Fish</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the car park, to the rear of the Kirk Hall, another sculpture (elephant) is taking shape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The older houses along the wharf are typical of traditional south-east Scottish <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">vernacular architecture</a>, constructed in stone with <a href="/wiki/Harl" class="mw-redirect" title="Harl">harling</a> white <a href="/wiki/Lime_render" title="Lime render">lime render</a> finish, with facing stone window and door surrounds and <i>crow-step gables</i>, roofed with orangey-red clay pantiles imported from the Netherlands. A ruined water mill lies further up the Almond along a quiet walk past a yacht club and sailing boats moored in the river. To the east a sand beach and waterfront esplanade provides a popular walk to <a href="/wiki/Silverknowes" title="Silverknowes">Silverknowes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Granton,_Edinburgh" title="Granton, Edinburgh">Granton</a>. On the other side of the Almond, (once accessible by a rowing-boat ferry) the <a href="/wiki/Dalmeny_House" title="Dalmeny House">Dalmeny Estate</a> has a pleasant walk through Dalmeny Woods along the shore of the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a>. </p><p>A rare example of a <a href="/wiki/Morthouse" title="Morthouse">morthouse</a> is located in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> churchyard. </p><p>Near the kirk stands the imposing Cramond House. Its central part is late 17th century, with classical front added in 1778 and back in 1820. <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> visited while residing at <a href="/wiki/The_Palace_of_Holyroodhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="The Palace of Holyroodhouse">Holyrood</a>. It has been claimed as a possible original of <a href="/wiki/R._L._Stevenson" class="mw-redirect" title="R. L. Stevenson">R. L. Stevenson</a>’s "House of Shaws" in <i><a href="/wiki/Kidnapped_(novel)" title="Kidnapped (novel)">Kidnapped</a></i>. It is now owned by Trustees of the Church of Scotland and until 2010 was used as the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Wildlife_Trust" title="Scottish Wildlife Trust">Scottish Wildlife Trust</a>. The Trust relocated to Leith. The Manse dates originally from the mid-17th century and was rebuilt in the mid-18th century. The north wing was added about 1770 and a south wing in 1857. Reverend Walker, the skating minister in <a href="/wiki/Henry_Raeburn" title="Henry Raeburn">Raeburn</a>'s famous portrait, lived here from 1776 to 1784.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Offshore, <a href="/wiki/Cramond_Island" title="Cramond Island">Cramond Island</a> has <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">WW II</a> fortifications and is linked to land by a <a href="/wiki/Causeway" title="Causeway">causeway</a> with a line of concrete pylons on one side, constructed as an anti shipping barrier.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At certain low tides, sand extends to the island, tempting visitors to visit the island, though occasionally some are stranded by the incoming tide. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cramond is associated with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Prime_of_Miss_Jean_Brodie_(film)" title="The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (film)">The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie</a></i>, where Mr. Lowther has his home and Miss Brodie spends much of her time. Cramond is also where the House of Shaws is located in <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Kidnapped_(novel)" title="Kidnapped (novel)">Kidnapped</a></i>. Cramond is also mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Ian_Rankin" title="Ian Rankin">Ian Rankin</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Fleshmarket_Close" title="Fleshmarket Close">Fleshmarket Close</a></i>. </p><p>Cramond features briefly in a series 2 episode of the <i><a href="/wiki/Paul_Temple_(TV_series)" title="Paul Temple (TV series)">Paul Temple (TV series)</a></i> called 'Double Vision' filmed in 1970. More recently Cramond featured in <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes:_Fire_Storm" title="Young Sherlock Holmes: Fire Storm">Young Sherlock Holmes: Fire Storm</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Barr" title="Russell Barr">Russell Barr</a>, Minister and Former Moderator of The Church of Scotland.</li> <li>Campbell Maclean, Minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bruce_(minister)" title="David Bruce (minister)">David Bruce (minister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chesser_(architect)" title="John Chesser (architect)">John Chesser (architect)</a>, buried in Cramond Kirkyard</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Edmonstone" title="William Edmonstone">William Edmonstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Inglis,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir John Inglis, 2nd Baronet">Sir John Inglis, 2nd Baronet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Muirhead_(minister)" title="George Muirhead (minister)">Rev George Muirhead</a> (1764–1847) minister of Cramond 1816 to 1847</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stuart_(1775%E2%80%931849)" title="James Stuart (1775–1849)">James Stuart (1775–1849)</a>, politician.</li> <li>Rev. <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Small" title="Leonard Small">Leonard Small</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moderator_of_the_General_Assembly" title="Moderator of the General Assembly">Moderator of the General Assembly</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walker_(clergyman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Walker (clergyman)">Robert Walker (clergyman)</a>, model of the Skating Minister, was at Cramond Kirk.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Wood" title="John Philip Wood">John Philip Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Law_(economist)" title="John Law (economist)">John Law (economist)</a>, Scottish Economist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._K._Rowling" title="J. K. Rowling">J. K. Rowling</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/museums-galleries/1920-city-boundary-extension-centenary/1">ReDrawing Edinburgh: The Edinburgh Boundary Extension Centennial 1920 Project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303093221/https://www.edinburgh.gov.uk/museums-galleries/1920-city-boundary-extension-centenary/1">Archived</a> 3 March 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Edinburgh_Council" title="City of Edinburgh Council">City of Edinburgh Council</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rcahms-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rcahms_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/50409/details/cramond/">Site Record for Cramond Edinburgh, Cramond Roman Fort Details</a> – Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The <i>Matres Alatervae</i> (or <i>Alatervia</i>), on the other hand, are mentioned only here, and the significance of the epithet they bear is wholly obscure. Sir John Clerk, in a letter which is printed by Gordon, suggested that it was local and that <i>Alaterva</i> was the Roman name of Cramond. Endorsed by <a href="/wiki/William_Stukeley" title="William Stukeley">Stukeley</a>, this suggestion has been generally accepted. But it has no foundation in fact. It is much more probable that the Tungrians had brought the designation with them from their native land, and that it is there that Alaterva must be looked for, if indeed it be a place at all." <i>Tenth report with inventory of monuments and constructions in the counties of Midlothian and West Lothian</i>, (1929), page 42. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions of Scotland</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bethany Fox, 'The P-Celtic Place-Names of North-East England and South-East Scotland', The Heroic Age, 10 (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.heroicage.org/issues/10/fox.html">http://www.heroicage.org/issues/10/fox.html</a> (appendix at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.heroicage.org/issues/10/fox-appendix.html">http://www.heroicage.org/issues/10/fox-appendix.html</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nuts_give_clue_to_'oldest'_Scots_site-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nuts_give_clue_to_'oldest'_Scots_site_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/1352091.stm">"Nuts give clue to 'oldest' Scots site"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 26 May 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nuts+give+clue+to+%27oldest%27+Scots+site&rft.date=2001-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fscotland%2F1352091.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hunter-gatherers-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hunter-gatherers_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hunter-gatherers_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cramond Heritage Trust (1996), p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Earliest_evidence_found_of_settlers_in_Scotland-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Earliest_evidence_found_of_settlers_in_Scotland_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritish_Archaeology" class="citation web cs1">British Archaeology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120719163636/http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba60/news.shtml">"Earliest evidence found of settlers in Scotland"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britarch.ac.uk/BA/ba60/news.shtml">the original</a> on 19 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earliest+evidence+found+of+settlers+in+Scotland&rft.au=British+Archaeology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britarch.ac.uk%2FBA%2Fba60%2Fnews.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliottHughes2018" class="citation news cs1">Elliott, Simon; Hughes, Tristan (18 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turningpointsoftheancientworld.com/index.php/2018/03/18/scottish-campaigns-septimius-severus/">"The Scottish Campaigns of Septimius Severus"</a>. Turning Points of the Ancient World<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Scottish+Campaigns+of+Septimius+Severus&rft.date=2018-03-18&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Tristan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fturningpointsoftheancientworld.com%2Findex.php%2F2018%2F03%2F18%2Fscottish-campaigns-septimius-severus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dark_cloud_of_obscurity-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dark_cloud_of_obscurity_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood (1794), p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edinburgh and its Environs: Wardlock Guide</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangleyJones2013" class="citation book cs1">Langley, Philippa; Jones, Michael (2013). <i>The Lost King (previously titled: The King's Grave: The Search for Richard III)</i>. St. Martin's Press. pp. 11–13. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B011T7KE4Y">B011T7KE4Y</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lost+King+%28previously+titled%3A+The+King%27s+Grave%3A+The+Search+for+Richard+III%29&rft.pages=11-13&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB011T7KE4Y%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Langley&rft.aufirst=Philippa&rft.au=Jones%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshdown-HillJohnsonJohnsonLangley2014" class="citation book cs1">Ashdown-Hill, J.; Johnson, D.; Johnson, W.; Langley, P. (2014). Carson, A.J. (ed.). <i>Finding Richard III: The Official Account of Research by the Retrieval and Reburial Project</i>. Imprimis Imprimatur. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0957684027" title="Special:BookSources/978-0957684027"><bdi>978-0957684027</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finding+Richard+III%3A+The+Official+Account+of+Research+by+the+Retrieval+and+Reburial+Project&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Imprimis+Imprimatur&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0957684027&rft.aulast=Ashdown-Hill&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+D.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+W.&rft.au=Langley%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geography-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-geography_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood (1794), p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-parish_boundaries-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-parish_boundaries_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown (2000), p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-topography-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-topography_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-topography_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-topography_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cramond Heritage Trust (1996), p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wood (1794), p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Geological history of cramond Edinburgh ... copyright 2014 lothian and borders geoconservation, a committee of the edinburgh geological society, a charity registered in Scotland. Charity no: sc008011. The cramond heritage trust is a charity registered in scotland. Charity no: sc000754”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaitland1753" class="citation book cs1">Maitland, William (1753). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E9pOAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA508"><i>History of Edinburgh from Its Foundation to the Present Time. In 9 Books</i></a>. Edinburgh: Hamilton Balfour & Neill. p. 508.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Edinburgh+from+Its+Foundation+to+the+Present+Time.+In+9+Books&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=508&rft.pub=Hamilton+Balfour+%26+Neill&rft.date=1753&rft.aulast=Maitland&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE9pOAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_Environment_Scotland" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_Environment_Scotland" title="Historic Environment Scotland">Historic Environment Scotland</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://canmore.org.uk/site/50390">"Eagle Rock (50390)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Canmore_(database)" title="Canmore (database)">Canmore</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canmore&rft.atitle=Eagle+Rock+%2850390%29&rft.au=Historic+Environment+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcanmore.org.uk%2Fsite%2F50390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMollison2009" class="citation news cs1">Mollison, Hazel (23 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.scotsman.com/edinburgh/Neighbours-chip-in-to-net.5098132.jp">"Neighbours chip in to net fish sculpture"</a>. <i>The Scotsman</i>. Edinburgh.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=Neighbours+chip+in+to+net+fish+sculpture&rft.date=2009-03-23&rft.aulast=Mollison&rft.aufirst=Hazel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.scotsman.com%2Fedinburgh%2FNeighbours-chip-in-to-net.5098132.jp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071103205935/http://www.ronaldrae.co.uk/pages/selectedartwork.php?artworkid=46&slideshowcode=UNAVAIL">"Ronald Rae Sculpture - Timeless, Hand Carved Granite Sculptures by a Renowned Scottish Sculptor"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ronaldrae.co.uk/pages/selectedartwork.php?artworkid=46&slideshowcode=UNAVAIL">the original</a> on 3 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ronald+Rae+Sculpture+-+Timeless%2C+Hand+Carved+Granite+Sculptures+by+a+Renowned+Scottish+Sculptor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ronaldrae.co.uk%2Fpages%2Fselectedartwork.php%3Fartworkid%3D46%26slideshowcode%3DUNAVAIL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308164651/http://www.cramondassociation.org.uk/historic_map.htm">"Cramond Association, Edinburgh"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cramondassociation.org.uk/historic_map.htm">the original</a> on 8 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cramond+Association%2C+Edinburgh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cramondassociation.org.uk%2Fhistoric_map.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/record/rcahms/113097/edinburgh-cramond-island-anti-shipping-barrier/rcahms">"Edinburgh, Cramond Island, Anti-shipping Barrier | ScotlandsPlaces"</a>. Government of the United Kingdom<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edinburgh%2C+Cramond+Island%2C+Anti-shipping+Barrier+%7C+ScotlandsPlaces&rft.pub=Government+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk%2Frecord%2Frcahms%2F113097%2Fedinburgh-cramond-island-anti-shipping-barrier%2Frcahms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Book_references">Book references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Book references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCramond_Heritage_Trust1996" class="citation book cs1">Cramond Heritage Trust (1996). <i>Cramond</i>. Edinburgh: Cramond Heritage Trust. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9514741-3-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9514741-3-8"><bdi>0-9514741-3-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cramond&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Cramond+Heritage+Trust&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-9514741-3-8&rft.au=Cramond+Heritage+Trust&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Brown2000" class="citation book cs1">Robert Brown (2000). <i>Life in North West Edinburgh 1900-2000: Muttonhole, at the hub of the former greater parish of Cramond</i>. Edinburgh: Pillans & Wilson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+in+North+West+Edinburgh+1900-2000%3A+Muttonhole%2C+at+the+hub+of+the+former+greater+parish+of+Cramond&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Pillans+%26+Wilson&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Robert+Brown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Philip_Wood1794" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Wood" title="John Philip Wood">John Philip Wood</a> (1794). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/antientandmoder00woodgoog"><i><span></span></i>The Antient and Modern state of the Parish of Cramond<i><span></span></i></a>. Edinburgh: John Paterson. <q>cramond.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Antient+and+Modern+state+of+the+Parish+of+Cramond&rft.pub=Edinburgh%3A+John+Paterson&rft.date=1794&rft.au=John+Philip+Wood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fantientandmoder00woodgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACramond" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cramond&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cramond" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cramond">Cramond</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scran.ac.uk/packs/exhibitions/learning_materials/webs/56/Cramond.htm">Notes on Roman Cramond</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091007160505/http://www.cramondassociation.org.uk/pics.htm">Pictures and Notes on Cramond history</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cramondkirk.org.uk/">Cramond Kirk</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://museumcrush.org/facial-reconstructions-peer-out-from-the-scottish-dark-ages/">Dark Ages burial site, Cramond</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Residential_areas_in_the_Edinburgh_(settlement)_urban_area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Areas_of_Edinburgh" title="Template:Areas of Edinburgh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Areas_of_Edinburgh" title="Template talk:Areas of Edinburgh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Areas_of_Edinburgh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Areas of Edinburgh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Residential_areas_in_the_Edinburgh_(settlement)_urban_area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Residential areas in the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_cities_in_Scotland_by_population#Settlements" title="List of towns and cities in Scotland by population">settlement</a>) urban area</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbeyhill" title="Abbeyhill">Abbeyhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bingham,_Edinburgh" title="Bingham, Edinburgh">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnington,_Edinburgh" title="Bonnington, Edinburgh">Bonnington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broughton,_Edinburgh" title="Broughton, Edinburgh">Broughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunstane" title="Brunstane">Brunstane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craigentinny" title="Craigentinny">Craigentinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craigmillar" title="Craigmillar">Craigmillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duddingston" title="Duddingston">Duddingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Road_(street)" title="Easter Road (street)">Easter Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Junction_Street" title="Great Junction Street">Great Junction Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joppa,_Edinburgh" title="Joppa, Edinburgh">Joppa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith" title="Leith">Leith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith_Docks" class="mw-redirect" title="Leith Docks">Leith Docks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochend,_Edinburgh" title="Lochend, Edinburgh">Lochend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalene,_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdalene, Edinburgh">Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowbank,_Edinburgh" title="Meadowbank, Edinburgh">Meadowbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountcastle,_Edinburgh" title="Mountcastle, Edinburgh">Mountcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddrie,_Edinburgh" title="Niddrie, Edinburgh">Niddrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Edinburgh" title="Northfield, Edinburgh">Northfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piershill" title="Piershill">Piershill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilrig" title="Pilrig">Pilrig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portobello,_Edinburgh" title="Portobello, Edinburgh">Portobello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restalrig" title="Restalrig">Restalrig</a></li> <li>Willowbrae</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Harbour,_Edinburgh" title="Western Harbour, Edinburgh">Western Harbour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edinburgh_urban_area_(settlement_area).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Edinburgh's Old and New Towns"><img alt="Edinburgh's Old and New Towns" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Edinburgh_urban_area_%28settlement_area%29.jpg/300px-Edinburgh_urban_area_%28settlement_area%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Edinburgh_urban_area_%28settlement_area%29.jpg/450px-Edinburgh_urban_area_%28settlement_area%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Edinburgh_urban_area_%28settlement_area%29.jpg/600px-Edinburgh_urban_area_%28settlement_area%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1562" data-file-height="1031" /></a><figcaption>Edinburgh's Old and New Towns</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alnwickhill" title="Alnwickhill">Alnwickhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackford,_Edinburgh" title="Blackford, Edinburgh">Blackford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braid_Hills" title="Braid Hills">Braid Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruntsfield" title="Bruntsfield">Bruntsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdiehouse" title="Burdiehouse">Burdiehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canongate,_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Canongate, Edinburgh">Canongate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrick_Knowe" title="Carrick Knowe">Carrick Knowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comiston" title="Comiston">Comiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbiedykes" title="Dumbiedykes">Dumbiedykes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernieside" title="Fernieside">Fernieside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilmerton" title="Gilmerton">Gilmerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenbank,_Edinburgh" title="Greenbank, Edinburgh">Greenbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket,_Edinburgh" title="Haymarket, Edinburgh">Haymarket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calton_Hill" title="Calton Hill">Hillside and Calton Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberton,_Edinburgh" title="Liberton, Edinburgh">Liberton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marchmont" title="Marchmont">Marchmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moredun" title="Moredun">Moredun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside,_Edinburgh" title="Morningside, Edinburgh">Morningside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortonhall" title="Mortonhall">Mortonhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Town,_Edinburgh" title="New Town, Edinburgh">New Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newington,_Edinburgh" title="Newington, Edinburgh">Newington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Edinburgh" title="Old Town, Edinburgh">Old Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestonfield,_Edinburgh" title="Prestonfield, Edinburgh">Prestonfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciennes" title="Sciennes">Sciennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Southhouse">Southhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside,_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Southside, Edinburgh">Southside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Inch,_Edinburgh" title="The Inch, Edinburgh">The Inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grange,_Edinburgh" title="The Grange, Edinburgh">The Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tollcross,_Edinburgh" title="Tollcross, Edinburgh">Tollcross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_End,_Edinburgh" title="West End, Edinburgh">West End</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baberton" title="Baberton">Baberton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balerno" title="Balerno">Balerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankhead,_Edinburgh" title="Bankhead, Edinburgh">Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaly" title="Bonaly">Bonaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomhouse,_Edinburgh" title="Broomhouse, Edinburgh">Broomhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesser,_Edinburgh" title="Chesser, Edinburgh">Chesser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovenstone" title="Clovenstone">Clovenstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colinton" title="Colinton">Colinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currie" title="Currie">Currie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiglockhart" title="Craiglockhart">Craiglockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalry,_Edinburgh" title="Dalry, Edinburgh">Dalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairmilehead" title="Fairmilehead">Fairmilehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firrhill" title="Firrhill">Firrhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountainbridge" title="Fountainbridge">Fountainbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgie" title="Gorgie">Gorgie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhill,_Edinburgh" title="Greenhill, Edinburgh">Greenhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_Green" title="Juniper Green">Juniper Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsknowe" title="Kingsknowe">Kingsknowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longstone,_Edinburgh" title="Longstone, Edinburgh">Longstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchiston" title="Merchiston">Merchiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murrayburn" class="mw-redirect" title="Murrayburn">Murrayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxgangs" title="Oxgangs">Oxgangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkhead,_Edinburgh" title="Parkhead, Edinburgh">Parkhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polwarth,_Edinburgh" title="Polwarth, Edinburgh">Polwarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseburn" title="Roseburn">Roseburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saughton,_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Saughton, Edinburgh">Saughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandon,_Edinburgh" title="Shandon, Edinburgh">Shandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sighthill,_Edinburgh" title="Sighthill, Edinburgh">Sighthill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slateford" title="Slateford">Slateford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenhouse,_Edinburgh" title="Stenhouse, Edinburgh">Stenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Calders" title="The Calders">The Calders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wester_Hailes" title="Wester Hailes">Wester Hailes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balgreen" title="Balgreen">Balgreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnton,_Edinburgh" title="Barnton, Edinburgh">Barnton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackhall,_Edinburgh" title="Blackhall, Edinburgh">Blackhall</a></li> <li>Boswall</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canonmills" title="Canonmills">Canonmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammo" title="Cammo">Cammo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermiston" title="Clermiston">Clermiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comely_Bank" title="Comely Bank">Comely Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corstorphine" title="Corstorphine">Corstorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craigleith,_Edinburgh" title="Craigleith, Edinburgh">Craigleith</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cramond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crewe_Toll" title="Crewe Toll">Crewe Toll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidson%27s_Mains" title="Davidson's Mains">Davidson's Mains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Village" title="Dean Village">Dean Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumbrae" title="Drumbrae">Drumbrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drylaw" title="Drylaw">Drylaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Craigs" title="East Craigs">East Craigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldenacre" title="Goldenacre">Goldenacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracemount" title="Gracemount">Gracemount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granton,_Edinburgh" title="Granton, Edinburgh">Granton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverleith" title="Inverleith">Inverleith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muirhouse" title="Muirhouse">Muirhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murrayfield" title="Murrayfield">Murrayfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newhaven,_Edinburgh" title="Newhaven, Edinburgh">Newhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilton,_Edinburgh" title="Pilton, Edinburgh">Pilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravelston" title="Ravelston">Ravelston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverknowes" title="Silverknowes">Silverknowes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gyle" title="South Gyle">South Gyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockbridge,_Edinburgh" title="Stockbridge, Edinburgh">Stockbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity,_Edinburgh" title="Trinity, Edinburgh">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warriston" title="Warriston">Warriston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Lothian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musselburgh" title="Musselburgh">Musselburgh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisherrow" title="Fisherrow">Fisherrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inveresk" title="Inveresk">Inveresk</a></li> <li>Levenhall</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monktonhall" class="mw-redirect" title="Monktonhall">Monktonhall</a></li> <li>Pinkie</li> <li>Stoneybank</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallyford" title="Wallyford">Wallyford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>See also: <a href="/wiki/Areas_of_Edinburgh" title="Areas of Edinburgh">Areas of Edinburgh</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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