CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Arithmétiques — Wikipédia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )frwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janvier","février","mars","avril","mai","juin","juillet","août","septembre","octobre","novembre","décembre"],"wgRequestId":"3585bfd2-45d4-494e-8deb-662cbf4648f8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Arithmétiques","wgTitle":"Arithmétiques","wgCurRevisionId":217671118,"wgRevisionId":217671118,"wgArticleId":782044,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipédia:ébauche mathématiques","Page utilisant P1476","Page utilisant P407","Page utilisant P50","Page utilisant P136","Page utilisant P577","Article utilisant l'infobox Ouvrage","Article utilisant une Infobox","Article avec une section vide ou incomplète","Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata","Portail:Édition/Articles liés","Portail:Économie/Articles liés","Portail:Mathématiques/Articles liés", "Portail:Sciences/Articles liés","Projet:Mathématiques/Articles","Livre historique de mathématiques","Livre paru au IIIe siècle","Histoire de l'algèbre"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Arithmétiques","wgRelevantArticleId":782044,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"fr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"fr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":8000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled": false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q668560","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready", "mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.gadget.Wdsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Diophantus-cover.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1970"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Diophantus-cover.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1313"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1051"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Arithmétiques — Wikipédia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithm%C3%A9tiques"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifier" href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (fr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//fr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithm%C3%A9tiques"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Flux Atom de Wikipédia" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Arithmétiques rootpage-Arithmétiques skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Aller au contenu</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" title="Accueil général [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Accueil</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Accueil"><span>Portails thématiques</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Page_au_hasard" title="Affiche un article au hasard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article au hasard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contact"><span>Contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuer" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:D%C3%A9buter"><span>Débuter sur Wikipédia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Accueil" title="Accès à l’aide"><span>Aide</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_de_la_communaut%C3%A9" title="À propos du projet, ce que vous pouvez faire, où trouver les informations"><span>Communauté</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes" title="Liste des modifications récentes sur le wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Modifications récentes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'encyclopédie libre" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-fr.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Recherche" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" aria-label="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spécial:Recherche"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Rechercher</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Outils personnels"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Apparence" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Apparence</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fr.wikipedia.org&uselang=fr" class=""><span>Faire un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&returnto=Arithm%C3%A9tiques" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire." class=""><span>Créer un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=Arithm%C3%A9tiques" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connecter</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plus d’options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils personnels" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils personnels</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utilisateur" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_fr.wikipedia.org&uselang=fr"><span>Faire un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&returnto=Arithm%C3%A9tiques" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Créer un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=Arithm%C3%A9tiques" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connecter</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages pour les contributeurs déconnectés <a href="/wiki/Aide:Premiers_pas" aria-label="En savoir plus sur la contribution"><span>en savoir plus</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_contributions" title="Une liste des modifications effectuées depuis cette adresse IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_discussions" title="La page de discussion pour les contributions depuis cette adresse IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postérité_et_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postérité_et_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Postérité et influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postérité_et_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Éditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Éditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Éditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Éditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Référence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Référence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Référence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Référence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Arithmétiques</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 15 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_(%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8)" title="أريثميتيكا (كتاب) – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أريثميتيكا (كتاب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aritm%C3%A8tica_(llibre)" title="Aritmètica (llibre) – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aritmètica (llibre)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica" title="Arithmetica – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arithmetica" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_(%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Αριθμητικά (Διόφαντος) – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριθμητικά (Διόφαντος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica" title="Arithmetica – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arithmetica" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica" title="Arithmetica – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arithmetica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_(%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8)" title="אריתמטיקה (ספר) – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אריתמטיקה (ספר)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica" title="Arithmetica – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arithmetica" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E8%A1%93_(%E6%9B%B8%E7%89%A9)" title="算術 (書物) – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="算術 (書物)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica" title="Arithmetica – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Arithmetica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Арифметика (Диофант) – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арифметика (Диофант)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica" title="Arithmetica – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arithmetica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetica" title="Arithmetica – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arithmetica" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Арифметика (Диофант) – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Арифметика (Диофант)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetika" title="Arithmetika – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arithmetika" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q668560#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arithm%C3%A9tiques" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Arithm%C3%A9tiques" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arithm%C3%A9tiques"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arithm%C3%A9tiques"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Arithm%C3%A9tiques" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Arithm%C3%A9tiques" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&oldid=217671118" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&page=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&id=217671118&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArithm%25C3%25A9tiques"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArithm%25C3%25A9tiques"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Arithm%C3%A9tiques"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arithmetica_(Diophantus)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q668560" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg/35px-Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg/53px-Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg/70px-Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant les <a href="/wiki/Math%C3%A9matiques" title="Mathématiques">mathématiques</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large"><div class="entete icon universite italique" style="background-color:#7DA7D9;color:#000000"><div>Arithmétiques<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r160407116">.mw-parser-output .entete.universite{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Picto_infobox_book.png")}</style></div></div><div><div class="images" style="padding:2px 0"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Diophantus-cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Diophantus-cover.jpg/260px-Diophantus-cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="427" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Diophantus-cover.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="591" /></a></span></div><div class="legend">Couverture de l'édition de <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>, traduite en <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> par <a href="/wiki/Claude-Gaspard_Bachet_de_M%C3%A9ziriac" title="Claude-Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac">Claude-Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac</a>.</div></div><table><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Titre original</th><td class=""><div> <i><span class="wd_p1476"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : grec ancien">(grc)</abbr> <span class="lang-grc" lang="grc">Ἀριθμητικά</span><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668560?uselang=fr#P1476" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></i></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Langue</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p407"><a href="/wiki/Grec_ancien" title="Grec ancien">Grec ancien</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668560?uselang=fr#P407" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Auteur</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p50"><a href="/wiki/Diophante_d%27Alexandrie" title="Diophante d'Alexandrie">Diophante d'Alexandrie</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668560?uselang=fr#P50" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Genre</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p136">Littérature scientifique <small>(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Scientific literature"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article sur Wikipédia en anglais">en</span></a>)</small><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668560?uselang=fr#P136" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Date de parution</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p577">III<sup>e</sup> siècle<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668560?uselang=fr#P577" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar noprint bordered navigation-not-searchable" style="border-top:1px solid #7DA7D9"><span class="plainlinks" style="text-align:left"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&veaction=edit&section=0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=edit&section=0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668560" class="extiw" title="d:Q668560">modifier Wikidata</a></span><span style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Ouvrage" title="Documentation du modèle"><img alt="Documentation du modèle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></p></div> <p>Les <i><b>Arithmétiques</b></i> (<i><b>Arithmetica</b></i>) est une œuvre <a href="/wiki/Math%C3%A9matique" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathématique">mathématique</a> en <a href="/wiki/Grec_ancien" title="Grec ancien">grec</a> due à <a href="/wiki/Diophante_d%27Alexandrie" title="Diophante d'Alexandrie">Diophante d'Alexandrie</a>, qui a eu une grande influence dans l'histoire des mathématiques. Elle aurait été écrite au <a href="/wiki/IIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="IIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a> de notre ère, selon l'hypothèse la plus courante chez les historiens, mais elle est difficile à dater. Elle se présente comme une liste de problèmes résolus, de nature que l'on pourrait qualifier aujourd'hui d'<a href="/wiki/Arithm%C3%A9tique" title="Arithmétique">arithmétique</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Alg%C3%A8bre" title="Algèbre">algébrique</a> : les problèmes se traduisent par des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89quation_polynomiale" title="Équation polynomiale">équations polynomiales</a> portant sur des <a href="/wiki/Nombre_rationnel" title="Nombre rationnel">nombres rationnels</a> positifs. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Composition" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Composition"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elle aurait comporté à l'origine 13 livres, dont 10 seulement nous sont parvenus, et seulement six en grec, grâce à des copies byzantines dont la plus ancienne date du <a href="/wiki/XIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="13ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>. Les quatre autres ne sont connus que par une <a href="/wiki/Math%C3%A9matiques_arabes" title="Mathématiques arabes">traduction arabe</a> du <a href="/wiki/Xe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Xe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="10ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">X</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>, grâce à un manuscrit de la toute fin du <a href="/wiki/XIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIIe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="12ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>, identifié en 1971 par <a href="/wiki/Roshdi_Rashed" title="Roshdi Rashed">Roshdi Rashed</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Diophante fournit une collection de 130 problèmes d'<a href="/wiki/Alg%C3%A8bre" title="Algèbre">algèbre</a> donnant les solutions numériques d'équations déterminées (à solution unique) et indéterminées. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postérité_et_influences"><span id="Post.C3.A9rit.C3.A9_et_influences"></span>Postérité et influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Postérité et influences" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Postérité et influences"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En référence à Diophante et à ses <i>Arithmétiques</i>, les équations polynomiales sur les nombres entiers sont appelées <a href="/wiki/%C3%89quations_diophantiennes" class="mw-redirect" title="Équations diophantiennes">équations diophantiennes</a>, et l'étude de celles-ci est l'analyse diophantienne. </p><p>L'œuvre de Diophante a inspiré <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Fermat" title="Pierre de Fermat">Pierre de Fermat</a> qui a proposé <a href="/wiki/Dernier_th%C3%A9or%C3%A8me_de_Fermat" title="Dernier théorème de Fermat">son dernier théorème</a>, annoté dans la marge de l'exemplaire en sa possession. Le théorème affirme que lorsque <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span> est un entier strictement plus grand que 2, l'équation <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x^{n}+y^{n}=z^{n}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x^{n}+y^{n}=z^{n}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c34dcc46ebfb58e1b91a6c0caa1470e76139543a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.175ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x^{n}+y^{n}=z^{n}}"></span> n'a pas de solutions <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x,y,z}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>z</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x,y,z}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bbeca34b28f569a407ef74a955d041df9f360268" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.641ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x,y,z}"></span> entiers non nuls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Éditions"><span id=".C3.89ditions"></span>Éditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Éditions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Éditions"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"><span class="mw-valign-text-top noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell">Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Arithm%C3%A9tiques" title="Spécial:EditPage/Arithmétiques">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Référence"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rence"></span>Référence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Référence" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Référence"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Houzel1996">Houzel 1996</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bachmakova1966"><span class="ouvrage" id="Isabella_Bachmakova1966"><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Bachmakova" title="Isabella Bachmakova">Isabella Bachmakova</a>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Diophante et Fermat</cite> », <i>Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 19, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 4,‎ <time>1966</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">289-306</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rhs.1966.2507">10.3406/rhs.1966.2507</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Diophante+et+Fermat&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27histoire+des+sciences+et+de+leurs+applications&rft.issue=4&rft.aulast=Bachmakova&rft.aufirst=Isabella&rft.date=1966&rft.pages=289-306&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Frhs.1966.2507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bachmakova1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="Isabella_Bachmakova1997"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Isabella Bachmakova (<abbr class="abbr" title="traduction">trad.</abbr> Abe Shenitzer), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Diophantus and Diophantine Equations</cite>, Washington (D. C), <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Association_of_America" title="Mathematical Association of America">MAA</a>, <time>1997</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> 1972), 90 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-88385-526-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-88385-526-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-88385-526-3</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37544030x.public">37544030</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maa.org/press/books/diophantus-and-diophantine-equations">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diophantus+and+Diophantine+Equations&rft.place=Washington+%28D.+C%29&rft.pub=MAA&rft.aulast=Bachmakova&rft.aufirst=Isabella&rft.date=1997&rft.tpages=90&rft.isbn=978-0-88385-526-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span> — version mise à jour par <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Silverman" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Silverman">Joseph Silverman</a></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="BachmakovaSmirnova2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Isabella_BachmakovaGalina_Smirnova2000"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Isabella Bachmakova et Galina Smirnova (<abbr class="abbr" title="traduction">trad.</abbr> Abe Shenitzer), <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Beginnings and Evolution of Algebra</cite>, MAA, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Dolciani mathematical expositions » (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 23), <time>2000</time> (<abbr class="abbr" title="première">1<sup>re</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr> 1997), 179 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-88385-329-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-88385-329-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-88385-329-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=fr&id=eBefKDTfmO8C">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beginnings+and+Evolution+of+Algebra&rft.pub=MAA&rft.aulast=Bachmakova&rft.aufirst=Isabella&rft.au=Galina+Smirnova&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=179&rft.isbn=978-0-88385-329-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span> — Le chapitre 3 est reproduit dans <span class="ouvrage" id="BashmakovaSmirnova1999"><span class="ouvrage" id="I._G._BashmakovaG._S._Smirnova1999">I. G. <span class="nom_auteur">Bashmakova</span> et G. S. <span class="nom_auteur">Smirnova</span> (<abbr class="abbr" title="traduction">trad.</abbr> Abe Shenitzer), « <cite style="font-style:normal">The Birth of Literal Algebra</cite> », <i>The American Mathematical Monthly</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 106, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1999-01" data-sort-value="1999-01">janvier 1999</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">57-66</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2589589">10.2307/2589589</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Birth+of+Literal+Algebra&rft.jtitle=The+American+Mathematical+Monthly&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Bashmakova&rft.aufirst=I.+G.&rft.au=Smirnova%2C+G.+S.&rft.date=1999-01&rft.volume=106&rft.pages=57-66&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2589589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="ChemlaMorelonAllard1986"><span class="ouvrage" id="Karine_ChemlaRégis_MorelonAndré_Allard1986"><a href="/wiki/Karine_Chemla" title="Karine Chemla">Karine Chemla</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_Morelon" title="Régis Morelon">Régis Morelon</a> et André Allard, « <cite style="font-style:normal">La tradition arabe de Diophante d'Alexandrie : à propos de quatre livres des Arithmétiques perdus en grec retrouvés en arabe</cite> », <i>L'antiquité classique</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 55, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time>1986</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">351-375</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3406/antiq.1986.2193">10.3406/antiq.1986.2193</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=La+tradition+arabe+de+Diophante+d%27Alexandrie&rft.jtitle=L%27antiquit%C3%A9+classique&rft.issue=1&rft.stitle=%C3%A0+propos+de+quatre+livres+des+Arithm%C3%A9tiques+perdus+en+grec+retrouv%C3%A9s+en+arabe&rft.aulast=Chemla&rft.aufirst=Karine&rft.au=R%C3%A9gis+Morelon&rft.au=Andr%C3%A9+Allard&rft.date=1986&rft.volume=55&rft.pages=351-375&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fantiq.1986.2193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Christianidis2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean_Christianidis2007"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Jean <span class="nom_auteur">Christianidis</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The way of Diophantus: Some clarifications on Diophantus' method of solution</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Historia Mathematica</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 34, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 3,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-08" data-sort-value="2007-08">août 2007</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">289–305</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hm.2006.10.003">10.1016/j.hm.2006.10.003</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+way+of+Diophantus%3A+Some+clarifications+on+Diophantus%27+method+of+solution&rft.jtitle=Historia+Mathematica&rft.issue=3&rft.aulast=Christianidis&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2007-08&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=289%E2%80%93305&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.hm.2006.10.003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="DahanPeiffer"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Dahan" title="Amy Dahan">A. <span class="nom_auteur">Dahan-Dalmedico</span></a> et <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Peiffer" title="Jeanne Peiffer">J. Peiffer</a>, <cite class="italique">Une histoire des mathématiques : Routes et dédales</cite>, <time>1986</time> <small>[<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence:Histoire_des_math%C3%A9matiques_(Dahan-Dalmedico,_Peiffer)" title="Référence:Histoire des mathématiques (Dahan-Dalmedico, Peiffer)">détail des éditions</a>]</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Une+histoire+des+math%C3%A9matiques&rft.stitle=Routes+et+d%C3%A9dales&rft.aulast=Dahan-Dalmedico&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=J.+Peiffer&rft.date=1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Houzel1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christian_Houzel1996"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Houzel" title="Christian Houzel">Christian Houzel</a>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">De Diophante à Fermat</cite> », <i><a href="/wiki/Pour_la_science" title="Pour la science">Pour la science</a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 219,‎ <time>1996</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">88-96</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=De+Diophante+%C3%A0+Fermat&rft.jtitle=Pour+la+science&rft.issue=219&rft.aulast=Houzel&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.date=1996&rft.pages=88-96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Katz2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Victor_J._Katz2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Katz" title="Victor J. Katz">Victor J. Katz</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">A history of mathematics : an introduction</cite>, Addison-Wesley, <time>2009</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="troisième">3<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 976 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-321-38700-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-321-38700-4"><span class="nowrap">978-0-321-38700-4</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+mathematics&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.edition=3&rft.stitle=an+introduction&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Victor+J.&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=976&rft.isbn=978-0-321-38700-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="KatzParshall2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Victor_J._KatzKaren_Parshall2014"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Katz" title="Victor J. Katz">Victor J. Katz</a> et <a href="/wiki/Karen_Parshall" title="Karen Parshall">Karen Parshall</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Taming the Unknown : History of algebra from antiquity to early twentieth century</cite>, Princeton University Press, <time>2014</time>, 504 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-691-14905-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-691-14905-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-691-14905-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10287.html">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taming+the+Unknown&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.stitle=History+of+algebra+from+antiquity+to+early+twentieth+century&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Victor+J.&rft.au=Karen+Parshall&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=504&rft.isbn=978-0-691-14905-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Rashed1974"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roshdi_Rashed1974">Roshdi Rashed, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Les travaux perdus de Diophante (I)</cite> », <i>Revue d'histoire des sciences</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 27, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 2,‎ <time>1974</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">97-122</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rhs.1974.1061">10.3406/rhs.1974.1061</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Les+travaux+perdus+de+Diophante+%28I%29&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27histoire+des+sciences&rft.issue=2&rft.aulast=Rashed&rft.aufirst=Roshdi&rft.date=1974&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=97-122&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Frhs.1974.1061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Rashed1975"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roshdi_Rashed1975">Roshdi Rashed, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Les travaux perdus de Diophante (II)</cite> », <i>Revue d'histoire des sciences</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 28, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time>1975</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">3-30</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rhs.1975.1114">10.3406/rhs.1975.1114</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Les+travaux+perdus+de+Diophante+%28II%29&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27histoire+des+sciences&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Rashed&rft.aufirst=Roshdi&rft.date=1975&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=3-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Frhs.1975.1114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="RashedHouzel2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roshdi_RashedChristian_Houzel2013"><a href="/wiki/Roshdi_Rashed" title="Roshdi Rashed">Roshdi Rashed</a> et <a href="/wiki/Christian_Houzel" title="Christian Houzel">Christian Houzel</a>, <cite class="italique">Les Arithmétiques de Diophante : lecture historique et mathématique</cite>, De Gruyter, <abbr class="abbr" title="collection">coll.</abbr> « Scientia Graeco-Arabica », <time>2013</time>, 639 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-3-11-033593-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-3-11-033593-4"><span class="nowrap">978-3-11-033593-4</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110336481">10.1515/9783110336481</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi-org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/10.1515/9783110336481">lire en ligne</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accès limité au document"><img alt="Accès limité" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Arithm%C3%A9tiques+de+Diophante&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.stitle=lecture+historique+et+math%C3%A9matique&rft.aulast=Rashed&rft.aufirst=Roshdi&rft.au=Christian+Houzel&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=639&rft.isbn=978-3-11-033593-4&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110336481&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi-org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org%2F10.1515%2F9783110336481&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Schappacher2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Norbert_Schappacher2002"><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Schappacher" title="Norbert Schappacher">Norbert Schappacher</a>, <cite style="font-style:normal">« Diophante d'Alexandrie : Un texte et son histoire »</cite>, dans <cite class="italique">4000 ans d'histoire des mathématiques : les mathématiques dans la longue durée, Actes du treizième colloque inter-IREM d'Histoire et d'Epistémologie des Mathématiques, IREM de Rennes, 6-7-8 mai 2000</cite>, <time>2002</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-85728-059-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-85728-059-9"><span class="nowrap">2-85728-059-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irma.math.unistra.fr/~schappa/NSch/Publications_files/2002b_Diophante.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">15-39</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=4000+ans+d%27histoire+des+math%C3%A9matiques+%3A+les+math%C3%A9matiques+dans+la+longue+dur%C3%A9e%2C+Actes+du+treizi%C3%A8me+colloque+inter-IREM+d%27Histoire+et+d%27Epist%C3%A9mologie+des+Math%C3%A9matiques%2C+IREM+de+Rennes%2C+6-7-8+mai+2000&rft.atitle=Diophante+d%27Alexandrie+%3A+Un+texte+et+son+histoire&rft.aulast=Schappacher&rft.aufirst=Norbert&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=15-39&rft.isbn=2-85728-059-9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firma.math.unistra.fr%2F~schappa%2FNSch%2FPublications_files%2F2002b_Diophante.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Jacques_Sesiano1999"><span class="nom_auteur">Jacques Sesiano</span>, <cite class="italique">Une introduction à l'histoire de l'algèbre : résolution des équations des Mésopotamiens à la Renaissance</cite>, Lausanne, Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes, <time>1999</time>, 168 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-88074-394-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-88074-394-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-88074-394-9</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37077194x.public">37077194</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Une+introduction+%C3%A0+l%27histoire+de+l%27alg%C3%A8bre+%3A+r%C3%A9solution+des+%C3%A9quations+des+M%C3%A9sopotamiens+%C3%A0+la+Renaissance&rft.place=Lausanne&rft.pub=Presses+polytechniques+et+universitaires+romandes&rft.aulast=Jacques+Sesiano&rft.date=1999&rft.tpages=168&rft.isbn=978-2-88074-394-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span>  — trad. <span class="ouvrage" id="Sesiano2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jacques_Sesiano2009"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Jacques Sesiano (<abbr class="abbr" title="traduction">trad.</abbr> Anna Pierrehumbert), <cite class="italique" lang="en">An Introduction to the History of Algebra : Solving Equations from Mesopotamian Times to the Renaissance</cite>, American Mathematical Society, <time>2009</time>, 174 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8218-4473-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8218-4473-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8218-4473-1</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+History+of+Algebra&rft.pub=American+Mathematical+Society&rft.stitle=Solving+Equations+from+Mesopotamian+Times+to+the+Renaissance&rft.aulast=Sesiano&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=174&rft.isbn=978-0-8218-4473-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Weil1981"><span class="ouvrage" id="André_Weil1981">André Weil, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Sur les origines de la géométrie algébrique</cite> », <i>Compositio Mathematica</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 44, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéros">n<sup>os</sup></abbr> 1-3,‎ <time>1981</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">395-406</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.numdam.org/article/CM_1981__44_1-3_395_0.pdf">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sur+les+origines+de+la+g%C3%A9om%C3%A9trie+alg%C3%A9brique&rft.jtitle=Compositio+Mathematica&rft.issue=1-3&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.date=1981&rft.pages=395-406&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.numdam.org%2Farticle%2FCM_1981__44_1-3_395_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Weil"><span class="ouvrage" id="André_Weil"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Weil" title="André Weil">André Weil</a>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Number Theory : An approach through history from Hammurapi to Legendre</cite> <small>[<a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence:Th%C3%A9orie_des_nombres_%C3%A0_travers_l%27histoire_(Weil)" title="Référence:Théorie des nombres à travers l'histoire (Weil)">détail des éditions</a>]</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Number+Theory&rft.stitle=An+approach+through+history+from+Hammurapi+to+Legendre&rft.aulast=Weil&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AArithm%C3%A9tiques"></span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypatie" title="Hypatie">Hypatie</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Arithmetica_(Diophantus)?uselang=fr">Arithmetica</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="Xylander1575"><span class="ouvrage" id="Guilielmus_Xylander1575"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : latin">(la)</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Guilielmus_Xylander" title="Guilielmus Xylander">Guilielmus Xylander</a>, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64867n"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="la">Diophanti Alexandrini Rerum arithmeticarum, libri sex…</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique"><a href="/wiki/Gallica" title="Gallica">gallica</a></span>, <time>1575</time></span></span></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89dition" title="Portail de l’édition"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Old_book_bindings.jpg/36px-Old_book_bindings.jpg" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Old_book_bindings.jpg/54px-Old_book_bindings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Old_book_bindings.jpg/72px-Old_book_bindings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89dition" title="Portail:Édition">Portail de l’édition</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Math%C3%A9matiques" title="Portail des mathématiques"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg/24px-Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg/36px-Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg/48px-Racine_carr%C3%A9e_bleue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Math%C3%A9matiques" title="Portail:Mathématiques">Portail des mathématiques</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arithmétiques&oldid=217671118">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arithmétiques&oldid=217671118</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Livre_historique_de_math%C3%A9matiques" title="Catégorie:Livre historique de mathématiques">Livre historique de mathématiques</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Livre_paru_au_IIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Catégorie:Livre paru au IIIe siècle">Livre paru au IIIe siècle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Histoire_de_l%27alg%C3%A8bre" title="Catégorie:Histoire de l'algèbre">Histoire de l'algèbre</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%A9bauche_math%C3%A9matiques" title="Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche mathématiques">Wikipédia:ébauche mathématiques</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P1476" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P1476">Page utilisant P1476</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P407" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P407">Page utilisant P407</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P50" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P50">Page utilisant P50</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P136" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P136">Page utilisant P136</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_P577" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant P577">Page utilisant P577</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_l%27infobox_Ouvrage" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant l'infobox Ouvrage">Article utilisant l'infobox Ouvrage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_avec_une_section_vide_ou_incompl%C3%A8te" title="Catégorie:Article avec une section vide ou incomplète">Article avec une section vide ou incomplète</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Cat%C3%A9gorie_Commons_avec_lien_local_identique_sur_Wikidata" title="Catégorie:Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata">Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:%C3%89dition/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Édition/Articles liés">Portail:Édition/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:%C3%89conomie/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Économie/Articles liés">Portail:Économie/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Math%C3%A9matiques/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Mathématiques/Articles liés">Portail:Mathématiques/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles liés">Portail:Sciences/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Projet:Math%C3%A9matiques/Articles" title="Catégorie:Projet:Mathématiques/Articles">Projet:Mathématiques/Articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 14 août 2024 à 12:02.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a> : les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a> ; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. Voyez les <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/fr">conditions d’utilisation</a> pour plus de détails, ainsi que les <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cr%C3%A9dits_graphiques" title="Wikipédia:Crédits graphiques">crédits graphiques</a>. En cas de réutilisation des textes de cette page, voyez <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer/Arithm%C3%A9tiques" title="Spécial:Citer/Arithmétiques">comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence</a>.<br /> Wikipedia® est une marque déposée de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organisation de bienfaisance régie par le paragraphe <a href="/wiki/501c" title="501c">501(c)(3)</a> du code fiscal des États-Unis.</span><br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politique de confidentialité</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%80_propos_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia">À propos de Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Avertissements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux">Avertissements</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipédia:Contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code de conduite</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Développeurs</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/fr.wikipedia.org">Statistiques</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Déclaration sur les témoins (cookies)</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arithm%C3%A9tiques&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Version mobile</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-wcvgd","wgBackendResponseTime":969,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.414","walltime":"0.789","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1975,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":64995,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4243,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1313,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":10,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 509.089 1 -total"," 47.84% 243.542 1 Modèle:Infobox_Ouvrage"," 11.33% 57.659 1 Modèle:Ébauche"," 8.61% 43.815 8 Modèle:Article"," 6.82% 34.714 1 Modèle:Portail"," 6.18% 31.474 9 Modèle:Ouvrage"," 3.81% 19.382 1 Modèle:Autres_projets"," 3.67% 18.663 1 Modèle:Titre_en_italique"," 3.39% 17.272 4 Modèle:S"," 2.70% 13.742 1 Modèle:IIIe_siècle"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.231","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8203927,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-wcvgd","timestamp":"20241128022803","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Arithm\u00e9tiques","url":"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arithm%C3%A9tiques","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q668560","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q668560","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-05-06T00:13:21Z","dateModified":"2024-08-14T11:02:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/60\/Diophantus-cover.jpg","headline":"\u0153uvre de Diophante"}</script> </body> </html>