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title="Zhan zhuang – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zhan zhuang" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zan_zhuang" title="Zan zhuang – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Zan zhuang" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhanzhuang" title="Zhanzhuang – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zhanzhuang" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E7%A6%85" title="立禅 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="立禅" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhan_zhuang" title="Zhan zhuang – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zhan zhuang" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoje%C4%8Di_kol" title="Stoječi kol – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stoječi kol" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can_Cuang" title="Can Cuang – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Can Cuang" 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.ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Zhan zhuang</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ISRAEL1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/ISRAEL1.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="162" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="162" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Zhan zhuang</i> training on the<br /><a href="/wiki/World_Tai_Chi_and_Qigong_Day" title="World Tai Chi and Qigong Day">World Tai Chi and Qigong Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. The people in the picture hold the <i>Hun Yuan</i> posture, also known as <i>Cheng Bao</i>.</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AB%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:站">站</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A1%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:桩">樁</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AB%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:站">站</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%A1%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:桩">桩</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhàn Zhuāng</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zhan zhuang</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">站桩</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">站樁</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">zhàn zhuāng</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'standing [like a] post') is a training method often practiced by students of <a href="/wiki/Neijia" title="Neijia">neijia</a> (internal <a href="/wiki/Kung_fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kung fu">kung fu</a>), such as <a href="/wiki/Yiquan" title="Yiquan">yiquan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xingyiquan" title="Xingyiquan">xingyiquan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baguazhang" title="Baguazhang">baguazhang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tai_chi" title="Tai chi">tai chi</a>. <i>Zhan zhuang</i> is sometimes translated <i>Standing-on-stake</i>, <i>Standing Qigong</i>, <i>Standing Like a Tree</i>, <i>Post-standing</i>, <i>Pile-standing</i>, or <i>Pylon Standing</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhan_zhuang&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original zhan zhuang were health methods used by <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoists</a>; in recent centuries, martial artists who already had static standing methods combined these with the internal mechanics of zhan zhuang to create a superior exercise. The goal of zhan zhuang in martial arts has always been to develop a martially capable body structure,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but nowadays most practitioners have again returned to a health-preservation orientation in their training, and few teach zhan zhuang as a martial method. </p><p>The word <i>zhan zhuang</i> is the modern term; it was coined by <a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiangzhai" title="Wang Xiangzhai">Wang Xiangzhai</a>. Wang, a student of <a href="/wiki/Xingyiquan" title="Xingyiquan">xingyiquan</a>, created a method of kung fu based entirely upon <i>zhan zhuang</i>, known as <a href="/wiki/Yiquan" title="Yiquan">yiquan</a>, "Intent Fist." Yiquan's method of study is <i>zhan zhuang</i> plus movements that continue the feeling of the Standing Post in action. </p><p>The most common zhan zhuang method is known as <i>Hun Yuan</i> (<span lang="zh">浑圆</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Hún Yuán</span></i>, "Completely Round," "Round Smoothness") or <i>Cheng Bao</i> (<span lang="zh">撑抱</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Chēng Bào</span></i>, "Tree Hugging" stance). This posture is entirely Taoist in its origins, has many variations, and is the main training posture in all branches of yiquan. This practice has recently also become common practice in tai chi and qigong schools. In xingyiquan, San Ti Shi (simplified Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hans">三体势</span>; traditional Chinese: <span lang="zh-Hant">三體勢</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">sān tǐ shì</span></i>; <abbr title="Literal translation"><small>lit.</small></abbr> 'Three Body Postures') has been a root practice for centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Detail">Detail</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhan_zhuang&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Detail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nitzan_Oren_practicing_Zhan_Zhuang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Nitzan_Oren_practicing_Zhan_Zhuang.jpg/320px-Nitzan_Oren_practicing_Zhan_Zhuang.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Nitzan_Oren_practicing_Zhan_Zhuang.jpg/480px-Nitzan_Oren_practicing_Zhan_Zhuang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Nitzan_Oren_practicing_Zhan_Zhuang.jpg/640px-Nitzan_Oren_practicing_Zhan_Zhuang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Nitzan Oren, demonstrating a zhan zhuang posture which combines the San Ti posture of xingyiquan and a Hun Yuan hand variation</figcaption></figure> <p>Those unfamiliar with zhan zhuang can experience severe muscle fatigue and subsequent trembling at first. Later, once sufficient stamina and strength have been developed, the practitioner can use zhan zhuang to work on developing the sensation of "opposing forces," as well as one's central equilibrium and sensitivity to specific areas of tension in the body.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zhan zhuang has a strong connection with <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese Medicine">Traditional Chinese Medicine</a>. Some schools use the practice as a way of removing blockages in <a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">qi</a> flow, believing zhan zhuang, when correctly practiced, has a normalizing effect on the body; they claim any habitual tension or tissue shortening (or lengthening) is normalized by the practice, and the body regains its natural ability to function optimally. It is claimed that a normalized body will be less prone to muscular-skeletal medical conditions, and it is also believed that zhan zhuang, when practiced for developing relaxed postures, will lead to a beneficial calming effect.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Dantian" title="Dantian">dantian</a></i> is also involved in the practice of zhan zhuang.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The amount of time spent practicing zhan zhuang varies between styles and schools; one may spend anywhere from two minutes to two hours standing in one posture.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many styles, especially the <a href="/wiki/Neijia" title="Neijia">internal</a> styles, combine zhan zhuang with qigong training and other coordinated-body methods to develop <a href="/wiki/Neijin" title="Neijin">whole-body coordination</a> for martial purposes. The martial practice is thought to strengthen the body's <a href="/wiki/Central_Nervous_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Nervous System">Central Nervous System</a> and develop the coordination required for effective martial performance. In yiquan, a clear distinction is made between <i>health</i> postures and <i>martially oriented</i> postures. In <a href="/wiki/Baguazhang" title="Baguazhang">baguazhang</a>'s circle-walking practice, the upper body is held as a zhan zhuang posture, while the lower body is more dynamic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhan_zhuang&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingyiquan" title="Xingyiquan">Xingyiquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neigong" title="Neigong">Neigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijia" title="Neijia">Neijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qigong" title="Qigong">Qigong</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhan_zhuang&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jonathan Bluestein (2014). Research of Martial Arts. Amazon CreateSpace. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1499122510" title="Special:BookSources/978-1499122510">978-1499122510</a>. Pages 71-84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ymaa.com/articles/fundamental-moving-patterns-of-xingyiquan">"Fundamental Moving Patterns of Xingyiquan"</a>. 15 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fundamental+Moving+Patterns+of+Xingyiquan&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fymaa.com%2Farticles%2Ffundamental-moving-patterns-of-xingyiquan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhan+zhuang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dandjurdjevic.blogspot.co.il/2013/11/zhan-zhuang-grounding-structure.html">"Zhan zhuang: grounding, structure, intention and qi"</a>. 14 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zhan+zhuang%3A+grounding%2C+structure%2C+intention+and+qi&rft.date=2013-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdandjurdjevic.blogspot.co.il%2F2013%2F11%2Fzhan-zhuang-grounding-structure.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhan+zhuang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zhanzhuangsydney.com/?page_id=14">"Qigong Essentials of Practice - Qigong Sydney"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qigong+Essentials+of+Practice+-+Qigong+Sydney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzhanzhuangsydney.com%2F%3Fpage_id%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhan+zhuang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wujifaliangong.blogspot.co.il/2011/10/wujifa-zhan-zhuang-relaxing-belly.html">"Wujifa Zhan Zhuang: Relaxing the Belly"</a>. 11 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wujifa+Zhan+Zhuang%3A+Relaxing+the+Belly&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwujifaliangong.blogspot.co.il%2F2011%2F10%2Fwujifa-zhan-zhuang-relaxing-belly.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhan+zhuang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cookdingskitchen.blogspot.co.il/2014/07/dan-tian-in-internal-martial-arts.html">"Dan Tian in Internal Martial Arts"</a>. July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dan+Tian+in+Internal+Martial+Arts&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcookdingskitchen.blogspot.co.il%2F2014%2F07%2Fdan-tian-in-internal-martial-arts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhan+zhuang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrandall" class="citation web cs1">Crandall, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smilingtiger.net/pangen.html">"pangen"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=pangen&rft.aulast=Crandall&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smilingtiger.net%2Fpangen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZhan+zhuang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhan_zhuang&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>J.P.C. Moffett, Wang Xuanjie (1994), <i>Traditional Chinese Therapeutic Exercises: Standing Pole</i>.</li> <li>Lam Kam Chuen, Gaia Books Ltd, 1991 (2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85675-215-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85675-215-1">1-85675-215-1</a>, "Chi Kung: The Way of Energy".</li> <li>Lam Kam Chuen, Gaia Books Ltd, 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85675-198-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85675-198-8">1-85675-198-8</a>, "The Way of Power: Reaching Full Strength in Body and Mind".</li> <li>Peter den Dekker, Back2Base Publishing BV, 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-90580-01-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-90580-01-8">978-94-90580-01-8</a>, "The Dynamics of Standing Still"</li> <li>Professor Yu Yong Nian, Amazon (2012) "El arte de nutrir la vida. Zhang zhuang el poder de la quietud"</li> <li>Jonathan Bluestein (2014). Research of Martial Arts. Amazon CreateSpace. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1499122510" title="Special:BookSources/978-1499122510">978-1499122510</a>.</li> <li>Mark Cohen, MSC Creative Enterprises, 2013, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0988317888" title="Special:BookSources/978-0988317888">978-0988317888</a>, "Inside Zhan Zhuang".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhan_zhuang&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egreenway.com/taichichuan/wuji.htm">A Zhan Zhuang internet/bibliographic reference for practitioners</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yiquan.org.uk/art-zz.html">Zhan Zhuang - The Foundation of Internal Martial Arts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cookdingskitchen.blogspot.co.il/2015/08/internal-martial-arts-explained.html">Explanations of Internal Training methods in the practice of Zhan Zhuang</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cookdingskitchen.blogspot.co.il/2013/05/translation-of-science-of-nei-jia-quan_19.html">Translation of 'The Science of Nei Jia Quan' - a book explaining the mechanics of Nei Gong practice, including that of Zhan Zhuang</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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经络)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">Spirit (Shen 神)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yin_and_yang" title="Yin and yang">Yin and yang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neidan" title="Neidan">Internal alchemy (Neidan 內丹术)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_reeling" title="Silk reeling">Silk reeling (Chán sī jìng 纏絲勁)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Standing meditation (Zhan zhuang 站桩)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daoyin" title="Daoyin">'Guiding and pulling' exercises (Dǎo yǐn 導引)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Qigong</i> forms and styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baduanjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Baduanjin">Eight Pieces of Brocade (Bāduànjǐn qìgōng 段锦气功)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Animals" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Animals">Five Animals (Wu Qin Xi qìgōng 五禽戲)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yijin_Jing" title="Yijin Jing">Muscle/Tendon Change Classic (Yijin Jing qìgōng 易筋经)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primordial_qigong" title="Primordial qigong">Primordial <i>qigong</i> (Wujigong 無極氣功)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zi_Jue" title="Liu Zi Jue">Six Healing Sounds (Liu Zi Jue qìgōng 六字訣)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_Healing_Qigong" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom Healing Qigong"> Wisdom Healing Qigong (Zhineng qìgōng 智能气功)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Qigong</i> masters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hua_Tuo" title="Hua Tuo">Hua Tuo</a> (141–208)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Shizhen" title="Li Shizhen">Li Shizhen</a> (1518–1593)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Sanfeng" title="Zhang Sanfeng">Zhang Sanfeng</a> (c. 12th century)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spiritual movements and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Gong" title="Zhong Gong">Zhong Gong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofeedback" title="Biofeedback">Biofeedback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">Energy medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical exercise">Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind-body_intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="Mind-body intervention">Mind-body intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Tai_Chi_and_Qigong_Day" title="World Tai Chi and Qigong Day">World Tai Chi and Qigong Day</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qigong_Fever:_Body,_Science,_and_Utopia_in_China" title="Qigong Fever: Body, Science, and Utopia in China">Qigong Fever: Body, Science, and Utopia in China</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Qigong" title="Category:Qigong">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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style="width:1%">Practical striking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chin_Na" title="Chin Na">Chin Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_lock" title="Joint lock">Joint lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick" title="Kick">Kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_Blow" title="Leopard Blow">Leopard Blow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_(combat)" title="Punch (combat)">Punch (combat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushing_hands" title="Pushing hands">Pushing hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadowless_kick" title="Shadowless kick">Shadowless kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throw_(grappling)" title="Throw (grappling)">Throw (grappling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wushu_stances" title="Wushu stances">Wushu stances</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanda_(sport)" title="Sanda (sport)">Sanda (sport)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuai_jiao" title="Shuai jiao">Shuai jiao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wushu_(sport)" title="Wushu (sport)">Wushu (sport)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changquan" title="Changquan">Changquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_(Chinese_sword)" title="Dao (Chinese sword)">Dao (Chinese sword)shu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_(staff)" title="Gun (staff)">Gun (staff)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian" title="Jian">Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanquan_(martial_art)" title="Nanquan (martial art)">Nanquan (martial art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_(spear)" title="Qiang (spear)">Qiang (spear)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_chi" title="Tai chi">Tai chi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Martial_arts" 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title="Template talk:Meditation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meditation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meditation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Meditation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain_activity_and_meditation" title="Brain activity and meditation">Brain activity and meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_meditation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of meditation">History of meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Meditation in popular culture">Meditation in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_interventions" title="Mind–body interventions">Mind–body interventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_meditation" title="Effects of meditation">Research on meditation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anapanasati" title="Anapanasati">Anapanasati (Buddhist breathing meditation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_meditation" title="Buddhist meditation">Buddhist meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_meditation" title="Christian meditation">Christian meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_meditation" title="Taoist meditation">Taoist meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancemeditation" title="Dancemeditation">Dancemeditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Buddhism" title="Dhyana in Buddhism">Dhyāna (Buddhist meditation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyāna (Hindu meditation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henosis" title="Henosis">Henosis (Neoplatonic meditation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_meditation" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic meditation">Islamic meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_meditation" title="Jain meditation">Jain meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_meditation" title="Jewish meditation">Jewish meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muraqabah" title="Muraqabah">Muraqabah (Sufi meditation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation#New_Age" title="Meditation">New Age meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naam_Japo" title="Naam Japo">Naam Japo (Sikism meditation)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neigong" title="Neigong">Neigong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama (yoga breathing practice)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qigong" title="Qigong">Qigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikantaza" title="Shikantaza">Shikantaza (Zen Buddhist seated meditation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silva_Method" title="Silva Method">Silva Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental meditation (TM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatha-vipassana" class="mw-redirect" title="Samatha-vipassana">Vipassanā (Silent meditation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen (Zen Buddhist seated meditation)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Zhan zhuang</i> (tai chi standing meditation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5Rhythms" title="5Rhythms">5Rhythms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biofeedback" title="Biofeedback">Biofeedback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainwave_entrainment" title="Brainwave entrainment">Brainwave entrainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaphragmatic_breathing" title="Diaphragmatic breathing">Breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">Chanting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dh%C4%81ra%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Dhāraṇā">Concentration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscious_breathing" title="Conscious breathing">Conscious breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganana" title="Ganana">Counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C5%ABnyat%C4%81" title="Śūnyatā">Emptiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_meditation" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided meditation">Guided meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_consciousness" title="Higher consciousness">Higher consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindfulness" title="Mindfulness">Mindfulness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudra" title="Mudra">Mudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation_music" title="Meditation music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Oneness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditative_poetry" title="Meditative poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditative_postures" title="Meditative postures">Postures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxation_technique" title="Relaxation technique">Relaxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samyama" title="Samyama">Samyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantric_sex" title="Tantric sex">Tantric sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatha-vipassana" class="mw-redirect" title="Samatha-vipassana">Silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation#Sound-based_meditation" title="Meditation">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trance" title="Trance">Trance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_image" title="Mental image">Visualization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Focused attention <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Nh%E1%BA%A5t_H%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Thích Nhất Hạnh">Thich Nhat Hanh</a></li></ul></li> <li>Open awareness <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kabat-Zinn" title="Jon Kabat-Zinn">Jon Kabat-Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Harris" title="Sam Harris">Sam Harris</a></li></ul></li> <li>Multiple methods <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pema_Ch%C3%B6dr%C3%B6n" title="Pema Chödrön">Pema Chödrön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Piver" title="Susan Piver">Susan Piver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._N._Goenka" title="S. N. Goenka">S. N. Goenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goldstein_(writer)" title="Joseph Goldstein (writer)">Joseph Goldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Noah_Harari" title="Yuval Noah Harari">Yuval Harari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthieu_Ricard" title="Matthieu Ricard">Matthieu Ricard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Salzberg" title="Sharon Salzberg">Sharon Salzberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Goleman" title="Daniel Goleman">Daniel Goleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thubten_Chodron" title="Thubten Chodron">Thubten Chodron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martine_Batchelor" title="Martine Batchelor">Martine Batchelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Batchelor_(author)" title="Stephen Batchelor (author)">Stephen Batchelor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Varieties_of_the_Meditative_Experience" title="The Varieties of the Meditative Experience">The Varieties of the Meditative Experience</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meditation_and_pain" title="Meditation and pain">Meditation and pain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Meditation" title="Category:Meditation">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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