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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul 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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-绝对零度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#绝对零度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>绝对零度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-绝对零度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-个人生活" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#个人生活"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>个人生活</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-个人生活-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">威廉·吉奥克</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。58种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%83" title="ويليام جيوك – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويليام جيوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%83" title="ويليام جيوك – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويليام جيوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilyam_Ciok" title="Vilyam Ciok – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilyam Ciok" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ویلیام جیوک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام جیوک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%91%D0%BA" title="Уільям Фрэнсіс Джыёк – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уільям Фрэнсіс Джыёк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Уилям Джиок – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилям Джиок" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%95" title="উইলিয়াম ফ্রান্সিস জিওক – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়াম ফ্রান্সিস জিওক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ویلیام جیوک – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام جیوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A7" title="ויליאם פרנסיס ג'יוק – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם פרנסיס ג'יוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F._Giauque" title="William F. Giauque – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William F. Giauque" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="ウイリアム・ジオーク – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウイリアム・ジオーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="უილიამ ჯიოკი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უილიამ ჯიოკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ವಿಲಿಯಮ್ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸಿಸ್ ಜಿಯೋಕ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಲಿಯಮ್ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸಿಸ್ ಜಿಯೋಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EC%A7%80%EC%98%A4%ED%81%AC" title="윌리엄 지오크 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 지오크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Franciscus_Giauque" title="Gulielmus Franciscus Giauque – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Franciscus Giauque" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Виллиам Жиок – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Виллиам Жиок" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA" title="ဝီလီယမ် ဖရန့်စစ် ဂျီအော့ခ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝီလီယမ် ဖရန့်စစ် ဂျီအော့ခ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ویلیام جیوک – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویلیام جیوک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ولیم جیوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولیم جیوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Francis_Giauque" title="William Francis Giauque – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William Francis Giauque" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Джиок, Уильям Фрэнсис – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Джиок, Уильям Фрэнсис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%8F%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Вилијам Џиок – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вилијам Џиок" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D2%96%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Вильям Җиок – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вильям Җиок" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B6%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Вільям Френсіс Джіок – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Френсіс Джіок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9" title="ولیم جیوک – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولیم جیوک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="William Giauque" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q110073#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn">William Francis Giauque</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Giauque_Nobel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/thumb/2/20/William_Giauque_Nobel.jpg/220px-William_Giauque_Nobel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/2/20/William_Giauque_Nobel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1895年5月12日<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%80%91%E5%B8%83%E5%9F%8E_(%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%A7%E7%95%A5%E7%9C%81)" title="尼亚加拉瀑布城 (安大略省)">安大略省尼亚加拉瀑布城</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1982年3月28日<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate"> 1982歲—03—28</span>)</span>（86歲）<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="加利福尼亚">加利福尼亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="加州大学伯克利分校">伯克利</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">国籍</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母校</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="加州大学伯克利分校">加州大学伯克利分校</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">奖项</th><td class="infobox-data note" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0" title="埃利奥特·克雷森奖章">埃利奥特·克雷森奖章</a>（1937年）<br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔化学奖">诺贝尔化学奖</a>（1949年）</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><b>科学生涯</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">研究领域</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化学</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="加州大学伯克利分校">加州大学伯克利分校</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB%E5%B0%8E%E5%B8%AB" title="博士導師">博士導師</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乔治·欧内斯特·吉布森（页面不存在）">乔治·欧内斯特·吉布森</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="吉尔伯特·牛顿·路易斯">吉尔伯特·牛顿·路易斯</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>威廉·弗朗西斯·吉奥克</b>（William Francis Giauque，1895年5月12日—1982年3月28日），<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>化学家，1949年因对物质在接近绝对零度时表现出的性质的研究而获得<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔化学奖">诺贝尔化学奖</a>。他在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%88%86%E6%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="加州大学伯克利分校">加州大学伯克利分校</a>度过了几乎全部的教育及职业生涯。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="早年"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E5.B9.B4"></span>早年</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：早年"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1895年5月12日，吉奥克在安大略省尼亚加拉瀑布城出世。由于父母是美国公民，他们一家回到美国，他在密歇根上了小学。1908年父亲去世，全家回到尼亚加拉瀑布城，他进入尼亚加拉瀑布城学院协会就读。毕业后他曾向尼亚加拉瀑布城的好几所电站求职，既为了赚钱，又能够继续电气工程的职业。当时他到处碰壁。 </p><p>最后，他的申请被<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%80%91%E5%B8%83%E5%9F%8E_(%E7%B4%90%E7%B4%84%E5%B7%9E)" title="尼亞加拉瀑布城 (紐約州)">纽约州尼亚加拉瀑布城</a>的胡克电化学公司接受，他最终被公司的实验室聘用。他对工作很感兴趣，并决心成为化学工程师。 </p><p>工作2年后，他进入加州大学伯克利分校化学院，1920年获理学士学位。接着他进入伯克利的研究生院，先后成为大学研究员（1920年 - 1921年）、James M. Goewey研究员（1921年 - 1922年）。1922年获得化学博士学位，辅修物理。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>研究</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>虽然他开始大学学习时想成为工程师，但在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="吉尔伯特·牛顿·路易斯">吉尔伯特·牛顿·路易斯</a>的影响下他很快萌生了搞研究的兴趣。由于作学生时的出色表现，他于1922年成为伯克利的化学指导员。在担任了几种不同等级的教授之后，他于1934年成为化学正教授。他于1962年退休。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="绝对零度"><span id=".E7.BB.9D.E5.AF.B9.E9.9B.B6.E5.BA.A6"></span>绝对零度</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：绝对零度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>他在博士生导师<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乔治·欧内斯特·吉布森（页面不存在）">乔治·欧内斯特·吉布森</a>做实验比较甘油晶体和玻璃时，开始对<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="热力学第三定律">热力学第三定律</a>领域发生兴趣。 </p><p>他研究的主要目的是通过一系列适当的实验来证明热力学第三定律是自然的基本定律。1926年，他提出了一种观察大大低于一开尔文（−272.15摄氏度）时物质特性的方法。1933年至1935年，他与D·P·麦克杜格尔所做的实验成功利用了这种方法。 </p><p>他自己设计了一种<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A3%81%E8%87%B4%E5%86%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="磁致冷（页面不存在）">磁致冷</a>装置来达到理想的效果，即比其他科学家所想到的可能方法更加接近绝对零度。这个出色的工作不仅证明了一条自然的基本定律，而且使更高钢强度、更好的汽油和工业中许多更高效率的工序成为可能。 </p><p>他和他学生的研究包括了一系列低温处理时的熵测定，尤其是压缩气体的测试。许多气体的熵和热力学属性是由统计力学、带谱与其他材料所支持的分子能级所决定的。 </p><p>他与<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫里克·约翰斯顿（页面不存在）">赫里克·约翰斯顿</a>对氧气的熵进行的相关研究，导致了地球大气中氧17和氧18同位素的发现。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="个人生活"><span id=".E4.B8.AA.E4.BA.BA.E7.94.9F.E6.B4.BB"></span>个人生活</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：个人生活"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1932年吉奥克与缪丽尔·弗朗西丝·阿什利结婚，他们有两个儿子。1982年3月28日他在加州伯克利去世。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation news">Shampo, Marc A; Kyle, Robert A; Steensma, David P. Stamp vignette on medical science. William F. Giauque--Nobel Prize for low-temperature research. Mayo Clin. Proc. <b>81</b> (5). 2006: 5872006 May. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16706253"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 16706253</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4065%2F81.5.587"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.4065/81.5.587</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B&rft.atitle=Stamp+vignette+on+medical+science.+William+F.+Giauque--Nobel+Prize+for+low-temperature+research&rft.au=Kyle%2C+Robert+A&rft.au=Steensma%2C+David+P&rft.aufirst=Marc+A&rft.aulast=Shampo&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Mayo+Clin.+Proc.&rft.pages=587&rft.volume=81&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4065%2F81.5.587&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16706253&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code 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title="Special:编辑页面/Template:诺贝尔化学奖获得者"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="诺贝尔化学奖获得者" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔化学奖">诺贝尔化学奖</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="诺贝尔化学奖得主列表">获得者</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #d3d3d3;">1901年－1925年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1901年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB" title="雅各布斯·亨里克斯·范托夫">范托夫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1902年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" title="赫尔曼·埃米尔·费歇尔">费歇尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1903年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E8%90%AC%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%91%9E%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="斯萬特·阿瑞尼斯">阿伦尼乌斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1904年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E9%BD%90" title="威廉·拉姆齐">拉姆齐</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1905年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%8B%9C%E5%B0%94" title="阿道夫·冯·拜尔">拜尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1906年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E7%93%A6%E6%A1%91" title="亨利·莫瓦桑">莫瓦桑</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1907年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%AB%E7%BA%B3" title="爱德华·布赫纳">布赫纳</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1908年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E7%91%9F%E7%A6%8F" title="欧内斯特·卢瑟福">卢瑟福</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1909年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="威廉·奥斯特瓦尔德">奥斯特瓦尔德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1910年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB" title="奥托·瓦拉赫">瓦拉赫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1911年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="玛丽·居里">居里</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1912年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="维克多·格林尼亚">格林尼亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%B7%B4%E6%8D%B7" title="保罗·萨巴捷">萨巴捷</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1913年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3" title="阿尔弗雷德·维尔纳">维尔纳</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1914年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%B9" title="西奥多·威廉·理查兹">理查兹</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1915年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%8F%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%96%BD%E6%B3%B0%E7%89%B9" title="里夏德·维尔施泰特">维尔施泰特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1918年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E4%BC%AF" title="弗里茨·哈伯">哈伯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1920年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%83%BD%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="瓦爾特·能斯特">能斯特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1921年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E8%BF%AA" title="弗雷德里克·索迪">索迪</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1922年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF" title="弗朗西斯·阿斯顿">阿斯顿</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1923年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="弗里茨·普雷格尔">普雷格尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1925年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%8F%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%AD%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E8%BF%AA" title="里夏德·阿道夫·席格蒙迪">席格蒙迪</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #d3d3d3;">1926年－1950年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1926年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%9F%A6%E5%BE%B7%E8%B4%9D%E9%87%8C" title="特奥多尔·斯韦德贝里">斯韦德贝里</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1927年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%85%B0" title="海因里希·奥托·威兰">威兰</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1928年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%B8%A9%E9%81%93%E6%96%AF" title="阿道夫·温道斯">温道斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1929年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%99%BB" title="阿瑟·哈登">哈登</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%92-%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B3" title="汉斯·冯·奥伊勒-切尔平">奥伊勒-切尔平</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1930年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E8%88%8D%E5%B0%94" title="汉斯·菲舍尔">费歇尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1931年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E6%96%BD" title="卡爾·博施">博施</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%90%89%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="弗里德里希·贝吉乌斯">贝吉乌斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1932年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E6%9C%97%E7%B9%86%E7%88%BE" title="歐文·朗繆爾">朗缪尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1934年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C" title="哈羅德·尤里">尤里</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1935年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5-%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="弗雷德里克·约里奥-居里">F·约里奥-居里</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E9%9B%B7%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5-%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="伊雷娜·约里奥-居里">I·约里奥-居里</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1936年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%9C" title="彼得·德拜">德拜</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1937年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%B2%83%E6%80%9D" title="沃尔特·霍沃思">霍沃思</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%8B%92" title="保罗·卡勒">卡勒</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1938年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%8F%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E6%81%A9" title="里夏德·库恩">库恩</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1939年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%97%E7%89%B9" title="阿道夫·布特南特">布特南特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%83%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E6%97%A5%E5%A5%87%E5%8D%A1" title="拉沃斯拉夫·鲁日奇卡">鲁日奇卡</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1943年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%B5%B7%E9%9F%A6%E8%A5%BF" title="乔治·德海韦西">德海韦西</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1944年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%81%A9" title="奥托·哈恩">哈恩</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1945年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%9B%BE%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E5%AE%81" title="阿尔图里·伊尔马里·维尔塔宁">维尔塔宁</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1946年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7B%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%A7%86%E7%BA%B3" title="詹姆斯·B·萨姆纳">萨姆纳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E6%80%9D%E7%BD%97%E6%99%AE" title="约翰·霍华德·诺思罗普">诺思罗普</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E9%9B%B7%E8%BF%AA%E6%80%9D%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9" title="温德尔·梅雷迪思·斯坦利">斯坦利</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1947年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%AD%AF%E8%B3%93%E9%81%9C" title="羅伯特·魯賓遜">魯賓遜</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1948年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E8%92%82%E5%A1%9E%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="阿尔内·蒂塞利乌斯">蒂塞利乌斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1949年：<a class="mw-selflink selflink">吉奥克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1950年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="奥托·迪尔斯">迪尔斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="库尔特·阿尔德">阿尔德</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #d3d3d3;">1951年－1975年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1951年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E7%B1%B3%E4%BC%A6" title="埃德温·麦克米伦">麦克米伦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%9A%E6%A0%BC" title="格倫·西奧多·西博格">西博格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1952年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BD%BB%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81" title="阿彻·约翰·波特·马丁">马丁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%9E%97%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="理查德·劳伦斯·米林顿·辛格">辛格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1953年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E9%99%B6%E4%B8%81%E6%A0%BC" title="赫尔曼·施陶丁格">施陶丁格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1954年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%AE%91%E6%9E%97" title="萊納斯·鮑林">鮑林</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1955年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%A3%AE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5" title="文森特·迪维尼奥">迪维尼奥</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1956年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%AC%A3%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7" title="西里尔·欣谢尔伍德">欣谢尔伍德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E8%8B%97%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB" title="尼古拉·谢苗诺夫">谢苗诺夫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1957年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%BE%B7%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E5%BE%B7" title="托德男爵亚历山大·罗伯图斯·托德">托德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1958年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC" title="弗雷德里克·桑格">桑格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1959年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="雅罗斯拉夫·海罗夫斯基">海罗夫斯基</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1960年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94" title="威拉得·利比">利比</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1961年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="梅尔文·卡尔文">卡尔文</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1962年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%B2%81%E8%8C%A8" title="马克斯·佩鲁茨">佩鲁茨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81" title="约翰·肯德鲁">肯德鲁</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1963年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%BD%90%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" title="卡尔·齐格勒">齐格勒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E5%A1%94" title="居里奥·纳塔">纳塔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1964年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E8%90%9D%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A5%87%E9%87%91" title="多萝西·霍奇金">霍奇金</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1965年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%BE%B7" title="罗伯特·伯恩斯·伍德沃德">伍德沃德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1966年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7S%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E8%82%AF" title="罗伯特·S·马利肯">马利肯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1967年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E6%A0%B9" title="曼弗雷德·艾根">艾根</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E4%BC%8A%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E9%87%8C%E4%BB%80" title="罗纳德·乔治·雷伊福特·诺里什">诺里什</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9" title="乔治·波特">波特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1968年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%98%82%E8%90%A8%E6%A0%BC" title="拉斯·昂萨格">昂萨格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1969年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E9%A1%BF" title="德里克·巴顿">巴顿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="奥德·哈塞尔">哈塞尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1970年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94" title="卢伊斯·弗德里科·莱洛伊尔">莱洛伊尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1971年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E8%8C%A8%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC" title="格哈德·赫茨贝格">赫茨贝格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1972年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7B%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E8%8A%AC%E6%A3%AE" title="克里斯蒂安·B·安芬森">安芬森</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E7%A6%8F%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="斯坦福·摩尔">摩尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="威廉·霍华德·斯坦">斯坦</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1973年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E8%88%8D%E5%B0%94" title="恩斯特·奥托·菲舍尔">菲舍尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE" title="杰弗里·威尔金森">威尔金森</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1974年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E9%87%8C" title="保罗·弗洛里">弗洛里</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1975年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E7%A6%8F%E6%80%9D" title="约翰·康福思">康福思</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E6%B4%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="弗拉迪米尔·普雷洛格">普雷洛格</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #d3d3d3;">1976年－2000年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1976年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%A7%86" title="威廉·利普斯科姆">利普斯科姆</a></span> <span class="nowrap">1977年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E9%AB%98%E6%B4%A5" title="伊利亚·普里高津">普里高津</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1978年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94" title="彼得·米切尔">米切尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1979年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97" title="赫伯特·布朗">布朗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E8%92%82%E5%B8%8C" title="格奥尔格·维蒂希">维蒂希</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1980年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="保羅·伯格">伯格</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9" title="沃特·吉爾伯特">吉尔伯特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC" title="弗雷德里克·桑格">桑格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1981年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E4%BA%95%E8%B0%A6%E4%B8%80" title="福井谦一">福井谦一</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E6%9B%BC" title="罗德·霍夫曼">霍夫曼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1982年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%BE%99%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%A2%E6%A0%BC" title="阿龙·克卢格">克卢格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1983年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%99%B6%E5%B8%83" title="亨利·陶布">陶布</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1984年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E9%87%8C%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="罗伯特·布鲁斯·梅里菲尔德">梅里菲尔德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1985年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B1%AA%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%BC" title="赫伯特·豪普特曼">豪普特曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%B0%94%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" title="杰尔姆·卡尔">卡尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1986年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB" title="达德利·赫施巴赫">赫施巴赫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%81%A0%E5%93%B2" title="李遠哲">李遠哲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC" title="约翰·查尔斯·波拉尼">波拉尼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1987年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86" title="唐纳德·克拉姆">克拉姆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%81%A9" title="让-马里·莱恩">莱恩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E6%A3%AE" title="查尔斯·佩德森">佩德森</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1988年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E6%A3%AE%E9%9C%8D%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94" title="约翰·戴森霍费尔">戴森霍费尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94" title="罗伯特·胡贝尔">胡贝尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%E7%A9%86%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" title="哈特穆特·米歇尔">米歇尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1989年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%BC" title="西德尼·奥尔特曼">奥尔特曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%88%87%E8%B5%AB" title="托马斯·切赫">切赫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1990年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C" title="艾里亚斯·詹姆斯·科里">科里</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1991年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="理查德·恩斯特">恩斯特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1992年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%BA%93%E6%96%AF" title="鲁道夫·马库斯">马库斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1993年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="凯利·穆利斯">穆利斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="迈克尔·史密斯 (化学家)">史密斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1994年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E6%AC%A7%E6%8B%89" title="乔治·安德鲁·欧拉">欧拉</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1995年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%B2%81%E5%B2%91" title="保罗·克鲁岑">克鲁岑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%88%A9%E7%BA%B3" title="马里奥·莫利纳">莫利纳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%85%B0" title="弗兰克·舍伍德·罗兰">罗兰</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1996年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94" title="罗伯特·柯尔">柯尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E6%89%98" title="哈罗德·克罗托">克罗托</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%8E%AB%E5%88%A9" title="理查德·斯莫利">斯莫利</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1997年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E8%80%B6" title="保罗·博耶">博耶</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7E%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%85%8B" title="约翰·E·沃克">沃克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" title="延斯·克里斯蒂安·斯科">斯科</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1998年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9" title="沃尔特·科恩">科恩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%99%AE_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6)" title="約翰·波普 (化學家)">波普</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1999年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%BD%8A%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE" title="亞米德·齊威爾">兹韦勒</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2000年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC" title="艾伦·黑格">黑格</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7" title="艾伦·麦克德尔米德">麦克德尔米德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%B7%9D%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%91" title="白川英树">白川英树</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #d3d3d3;">2001年－</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">2001年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%BF%AA%E4%BB%80%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="威廉·斯坦迪什·诺尔斯">诺尔斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E4%BE%9D%E8%89%AF%E6%B2%BB" title="野依良治">野依良治</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="卡尔·巴里·沙普利斯">沙普利斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2002年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%86%85%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%8A%AC%E6%81%A9" title="约翰·贝内特·芬恩">芬恩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E8%80%95%E4%B8%80" title="田中耕一">田中耕一</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C" title="库尔特·维特里希">维特里希</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2003年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7" title="彼得·阿格雷">阿格雷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E9%87%91%E5%86%9C" title="罗德里克·麦金农">麦金农</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2004年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%BE%99%C2%B7%E5%88%87%E5%93%88%E8%AF%BA%E6%B2%83" title="阿龙·切哈诺沃">切哈诺沃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E4%BB%80%E7%A7%91" title="阿夫拉姆·赫什科">赫什科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="欧文·罗斯">罗斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2005年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%82%96%E4%B8%87" title="伊夫·肖万">肖万</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83" title="罗伯特·格拉布">格拉布</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B" title="理查德·施罗克">施罗克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2006年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%B0%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="罗杰·科恩伯格">科恩伯格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2007年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94" title="格哈德·埃特尔">埃特尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2008年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%9D%91%E8%84%A9" title="下村脩">下村脩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E8%8F%B2" title="马丁·查尔菲">查尔菲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E6%B0%B8%E5%81%A5" title="钱永健">钱永健</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2009年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9" title="阿达·约纳特">约纳特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8D%A1%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%E5%8D%97" title="文卡·拉马克里希南">拉马克里希南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E6%B3%B0%E8%8C%A8" title="托马斯·施泰茨">施泰茨</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2010年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%85%8B" title="理查德·赫克">赫克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E5%B2%B8%E8%8B%B1%E4%B8%80" title="根岸英一">根岸英一</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%83%E6%9C%A8%E7%AB%A0" title="铃木章">铃木章</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2011年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E8%B5%AB%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%BC" title="丹·谢赫特曼">谢赫特曼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2012年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%A4%AB%E7%A7%91%E7%BB%B4%E8%8C%A8" title="罗伯特·莱夫科维茨">莱夫科维茨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%96%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%A1" title="布赖恩·科比尔卡">科比尔卡</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2013年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="马丁·卡普拉斯">卡普拉斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%81%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E7%B6%AD%E7%89%B9" title="邁可·列維特">列維特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%80%B6%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E8%88%8D%E5%B0%94" title="阿里耶·瓦舍尔">瓦舍尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2014年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%8A%9B%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E9%BD%8A%E6%A0%BC" title="艾力克·貝齊格">貝齊格</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94" title="斯特凡·赫尔">赫尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94" title="威廉·莫尔纳尔">莫尔纳尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2015年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94" title="托马斯·林达尔">林达尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87" title="保罗·莫德里奇">莫德里奇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%BD%90%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E8%B4%BE%E5%B0%94" title="阿齐兹·桑贾尔">桑贾尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2016年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%E6%97%A5" title="让-皮埃尔·索瓦日">索瓦日</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%BE%A4%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E9%81%94%E7%89%B9" title="弗雷澤·斯托達特">斯托達特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E6%9E%97%E5%8A%A0" title="伯纳德·费林加">費林加</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2017年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%8D%9A%E6%AD%87" title="雅克·杜博歇">杜博歇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%8C%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B" title="约阿希姆·弗兰克">法蘭克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%BE%B7%E6%A3%AE" title="理查德·亨德森">亨德森</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2018年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%9D%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%AF%BA%E5%BE%B7" title="弗朗西丝·阿诺德">阿諾德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%B8%A9%E7%89%B9" title="格雷格·温特">溫特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7P%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF" title="乔治·P·史密斯">史密斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2019年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7B%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E8%BF%AA%E7%BA%B3%E5%A4%AB" title="约翰·B·古迪纳夫">古迪納夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E5%BB%B7%E5%8E%84%E5%A7%86" title="斯坦利·惠廷厄姆">惠廷厄姆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E9%87%8E%E5%BD%B0" title="吉野彰">吉野彰</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2020年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%8E%9B%E7%BA%BD%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%9E%E6%8D%B7" title="埃玛纽埃勒·沙尔庞捷">沙尔庞捷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E5%A6%AE%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B3" title="珍妮弗·道德纳">道德纳</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2021年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%9A%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="本亚明·利斯特">利斯特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E7%B1%B3%E4%BC%A6" title="戴维·麦克米伦">麦克米伦</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2022年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%89%98%E8%A5%BF" title="卡罗琳·贝尔托西">贝尔托齐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%BB%95%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E7%88%BE%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE" title="莫滕·梅爾達爾">梅尔达尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="卡尔·巴里·沙普利斯">沙普利斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2023年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%87%E8%BF%AA" title="蒙吉·巴文迪">巴文迪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF" title="路易斯·布鲁斯">布鲁斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E8%B0%A2%C2%B7%E5%8F%B6%E5%9F%BA%E8%8E%AB%E5%A4%AB" title="阿列克谢·叶基莫夫">叶基莫夫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2024年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="戴维·贝克 (生物化学家)">贝克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF" title="杰米斯·哈萨比斯">哈萨比斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B1%9F%E7%8F%80" title="约翰·江珀">江珀</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #d3d3d3;"><div>注：年份不一定是實際獲獎時間，1914年、1918年、1920年、1921年、1925年、1927年、1938年、1943年、1944年的獎項都延後一年頒發。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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