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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bulgarian_conquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulgarian_conquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Bulgarian conquest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulgarian_conquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Varna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Varna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Battle of Varna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Varna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Ottoman_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Ottoman_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Late Ottoman rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Ottoman_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Bulgarian_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Bulgarian_State"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Third Bulgarian State</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Bulgarian_State-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boroughs_and_urban_planning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boroughs_and_urban_planning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Boroughs and urban planning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boroughs_and_urban_planning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policing_and_crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policing_and_crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Policing and crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policing_and_crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consulates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Consulates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic,_linguistic_and_religious_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic,_linguistic_and_religious_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ethnic, linguistic and religious composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic,_linguistic_and_religious_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Landmarks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutes_and_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutes_and_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Institutes and colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutes_and_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Secondary education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Galleries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts_professional_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts_professional_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Performing arts professional companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts_professional_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_performing_arts_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_performing_arts_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Other performing arts groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_performing_arts_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_bands_and_artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_bands_and_artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Notable bands and artists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_bands_and_artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concert_halls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concert_halls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>Concert halls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concert_halls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_arts_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_arts_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.7</span> <span>International arts festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_arts_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.8</span> <span>National events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.9</span> <span>Local events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varna_in_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varna_in_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.10</span> <span>Varna in fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Varna_in_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swimming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swimming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Swimming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swimming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Other sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy:_Other_places_named_Varna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy:_Other_places_named_Varna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Legacy: Other places named Varna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy:_Other_places_named_Varna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Varna, Bulgaria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warna" title="Warna – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Warna" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7_(%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="فارنا (بلغاريا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فارنا (بلغاريا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Վառնա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վառնա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(Bolqar%C4%B1stan)" title="Varna (Bolqarıstan) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Varna (Bolqarıstan)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7" title="وارنا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وارنا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="ভার্না – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভার্না" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(Bulg%C3%A0ria)" title="Varna (Bulgària) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Varna (Bulgària)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(kapital_sa_rehiyon)" title="Varna (kapital sa rehiyon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Varna (kapital sa rehiyon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warna" title="Warna – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Warna" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Βάρνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βάρνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(Bulgaria)" title="Varna (Bulgaria) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Varna (Bulgaria)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7" title="وارنا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وارنا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(Bulgarie)" title="Varna (Bulgarie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Varna (Bulgarie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B4%EB%82%98" title="바르나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바르나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Վառնա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վառնա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%C3%A6" title="Варнæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Варнæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%94" title="וארנה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וארנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ვარნა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვარნა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Варна (шаар) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Варна (шаар)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odessus_(Bulgaria)" title="Odessus (Bulgaria) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Odessus (Bulgaria)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(Bulgarija)" title="Varna (Bulgarija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Varna (Bulgarija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1rna_(Bulg%C3%A1ria)" title="Várna (Bulgária) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Várna (Bulgária)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="व्हर्ना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हर्ना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ڤارنا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤارنا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(stad)" title="Varna (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Varna (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8A_(%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2)" title="ヴァルナ (ブルガリア) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァルナ (ブルガリア)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warna_(Steed)" title="Warna (Steed) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Warna (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(Bulgaria)" title="Varna (Bulgaria) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Varna (Bulgaria)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(Bolgariya)" title="Varna (Bolgariya) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Varna (Bolgariya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7" title="وارنا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وارنا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warna" title="Warna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Warna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(Bulg%C3%A1ria)" title="Varna (Bulgária) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Varna (Bulgária)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(Bulgaria)" title="Varna (Bulgaria) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Varna (Bulgaria)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Varna, Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna_(Bulharsko)" title="Varna (Bulharsko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Varna (Bulharsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna,_Bolgarija" title="Varna, Bolgarija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Varna, Bolgarija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warna" title="Warna – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Warna" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ڤارنا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤارنا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="วาร์นา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วาร์นา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warna" title="Warna – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Warna" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Варна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Варна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7" title="وارنا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وارنا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varn_(lidn)" title="Varn (lidn) – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Varn (lidn)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3" title="瓦尔纳 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="瓦尔纳" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D" title="華爾納 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="華爾納" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varna" title="Varna – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Varna" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D" title="瓦爾納 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瓦爾納" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6506#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Varna,_Bulgaria&params=43_13_N_27_55_E_region:BG_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°13′N</span> <span class="longitude">27°55′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.217°N 27.917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.217; 27.917</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Bulgaria</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Varna_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Varna (disambiguation)">Varna</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Varna, Bulgaria</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Varna</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Варна</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Bulgaria" title="List of cities and towns in Bulgaria">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna-Collage-TB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="From top left: Asparuh Bridge, Black Sea beach, Euxinograd, Varna Archaeological Museum, Stoyan Bachvarov Dramatic Theatre, Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral, Drazki torpedo boat, The Navy Club, Palace of Culture and Sports, The ancient Roman baths, Varna Ethnographic Museum"><img alt="From top left: Asparuh Bridge, Black Sea beach, Euxinograd, Varna Archaeological Museum, Stoyan Bachvarov Dramatic Theatre, Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral, Drazki torpedo boat, The Navy Club, Palace of Culture and Sports, The ancient Roman baths, Varna Ethnographic Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Varna-Collage-TB.jpg/275px-Varna-Collage-TB.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="385" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Varna-Collage-TB.jpg/413px-Varna-Collage-TB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Varna-Collage-TB.jpg/550px-Varna-Collage-TB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top left: <a href="/wiki/Asparuhov_most" class="mw-redirect" title="Asparuhov most">Asparuh Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> beach, <a href="/wiki/Euxinograd" title="Euxinograd">Euxinograd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varna_Archaeological_Museum" title="Varna Archaeological Museum">Varna Archaeological Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoyan_Bachvarov_Dramatic_Theatre" title="Stoyan Bachvarov Dramatic Theatre">Stoyan Bachvarov Dramatic Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God_Cathedral,_Varna" title="Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral, Varna">Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drazki" class="mw-redirect" title="Drazki">Drazki</a> torpedo boat, The Navy Club, <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Culture_and_Sports" title="Palace of Culture and Sports">Palace of Culture and Sports</a>, The ancient Roman baths, Varna Ethnographic Museum</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna_Flag.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Varna"><img alt="Flag of Varna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Varna_Flag.gif/100px-Varna_Flag.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Varna_Flag.gif/150px-Varna_Flag.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Varna_Flag.gif 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="120" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna_coat_of_arms.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Varna"><img alt="Coat of arms of Varna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Varna_coat_of_arms.gif/86px-Varna_coat_of_arms.gif" decoding="async" width="86" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Varna_coat_of_arms.gif/129px-Varna_coat_of_arms.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Varna_coat_of_arms.gif/171px-Varna_coat_of_arms.gif 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="204" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The marine capital<br />The summer capital</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_Map_of_Bulgaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Varna is located in Bulgaria"><img alt="Varna is located in Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Relief_Map_of_Bulgaria.jpg/250px-Relief_Map_of_Bulgaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Relief_Map_of_Bulgaria.jpg/375px-Relief_Map_of_Bulgaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Relief_Map_of_Bulgaria.jpg/500px-Relief_Map_of_Bulgaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1642" data-file-height="1036" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.848%;left:85.544%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Varna"><img alt="Varna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Varna</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Varna city in Bulgaria</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Bulgaria</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Varna is located in Balkans"><img alt="Varna is located in Balkans" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Balkans_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:29.362%;left:88.725%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Varna"><img alt="Varna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Varna</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Varna (Balkans)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Balkans</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Black_Sea_with_bathymetry_and_surrounding_relief.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Varna is located in Black Sea"><img alt="Varna is located in Black Sea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Map_of_the_Black_Sea_with_bathymetry_and_surrounding_relief.svg/250px-Map_of_the_Black_Sea_with_bathymetry_and_surrounding_relief.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Map_of_the_Black_Sea_with_bathymetry_and_surrounding_relief.svg/375px-Map_of_the_Black_Sea_with_bathymetry_and_surrounding_relief.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Map_of_the_Black_Sea_with_bathymetry_and_surrounding_relief.svg/500px-Map_of_the_Black_Sea_with_bathymetry_and_surrounding_relief.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="643" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.12%;left:7.083%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Varna"><img alt="Varna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Varna</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Varna (Black Sea)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Black Sea</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Varna,_Bulgaria&params=43_13_N_27_55_E_region:BG_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°13′N</span> <span class="longitude">27°55′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.217°N 27.917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.217; 27.917</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Bulgaria" title="Provinces of Bulgaria">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Varna_Province" title="Varna Province">Varna</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Bulgaria" title="Municipalities of Bulgaria">Municipality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Varna_Municipality" title="Varna Municipality">Varna</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First settled</th><td class="infobox-data">575 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blagomir_Kotsev" title="Blagomir Kotsev">Blagomir Kotsev</a> (<a href="/wiki/PP%E2%80%93DB" class="mw-redirect" title="PP–DB">PP–DB</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">254 km<sup>2</sup> (98 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">80 m (260 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2024)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">350,745<sup id="cite_ref-nsi.bg_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsi.bg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Metropolitan" class="extiw" title="wikt:Metropolitan">Metropolitan</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">430,847<sup id="cite_ref-nsi.bg_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsi.bg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Varnéan (<a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">en</a>) <br /> Варненци/Varnentsi (<a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">bg</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postcode</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">9000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">(+359) 52</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Bulgaria" title="Vehicle registration plates of Bulgaria">Vehicle registration plate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">B</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varna.bg">www<wbr />.varna<wbr />.bg</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna_sea_garden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Varna_sea_garden.jpg/260px-Varna_sea_garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Varna_sea_garden.jpg/390px-Varna_sea_garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Varna_sea_garden.jpg/520px-Varna_sea_garden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4184" data-file-height="2792" /></a><figcaption>Varna Sea Garden</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sea_Garden_(Varna).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sea_Garden_%28Varna%29.jpg/260px-Sea_Garden_%28Varna%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sea_Garden_%28Varna%29.jpg/390px-Sea_Garden_%28Varna%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sea_Garden_%28Varna%29.jpg/520px-Sea_Garden_%28Varna%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Varna Sea beach</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Varna</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: <span lang="bg">Варна</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bg-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">[ˈvarnɐ]</a></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Bulgaria" title="List of cities and towns in Bulgaria">third-largest city</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and the largest city and <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">seaside resort</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Black_Sea_Coast" title="Bulgarian Black Sea Coast">Bulgarian Black Sea Coast</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Bulgaria" title="Northern Bulgaria">Northern Bulgaria</a> region. Situated strategically in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Varna" title="Gulf of Varna">Gulf of Varna</a>, the city has been a major economic, social and cultural centre for almost three millennia. Historically known as <i>Odessos</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ὀδησσός</span>), Varna developed from a <a href="/wiki/Thracian" class="mw-redirect" title="Thracian">Thracian</a> seaside settlement into a major <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>. </p><p>Varna is an important centre for business, transportation, education, tourism, entertainment, and healthcare. The city is referred to as the maritime capital of Bulgaria and has the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Navy" title="Bulgarian Navy">Bulgarian Navy</a> and merchant marine. In 2008, Varna was designated as the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Euroregion" title="Black Sea Euroregion">Black Sea Euroregion</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, Varna was awarded the title of <a href="/wiki/European_Youth_Capital" title="European Youth Capital">European Youth Capital</a> 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oldest gold treasure in the world, belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Varna_culture" title="Varna culture">Varna culture</a>, was discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Varna_Necropolis" title="Varna Necropolis">Varna Necropolis</a> and dated to 4600–4200 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the discovery of the Varna Necropolis in 1974, 294 burial sites have been found, with over 3000 golden items inside.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Night_shot_of_Varna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Night_shot_of_Varna.jpg/220px-Night_shot_of_Varna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Night_shot_of_Varna.jpg/330px-Night_shot_of_Varna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Night_shot_of_Varna.jpg/440px-Night_shot_of_Varna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Varna at night</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lighthouse_Varna,Bulgaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lighthouse_Varna%2CBulgaria.jpg/220px-Lighthouse_Varna%2CBulgaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lighthouse_Varna%2CBulgaria.jpg/330px-Lighthouse_Varna%2CBulgaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lighthouse_Varna%2CBulgaria.jpg/440px-Lighthouse_Varna%2CBulgaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Lighthouse in Varna</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a> first mentions the name <i>Varna</i>, as the city came to be known, within the context of the <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a> conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> in the 6th to 7th centuries. The name could be of <a href="/wiki/Varangian" class="mw-redirect" title="Varangian">Varangian</a> origin, as Varangians had been crossing the Black Sea for many years, reaching <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> in the early Middle Ages. In <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>, <i>värn</i> means 'shield, defense' – hence Varna could mean 'defended, fortified place'. Vikings invaded the settlement during the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name may be older than that; perhaps it derives from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_root" title="Proto-Indo-European root">Proto-Indo-European root</a> <i>*u̯er-</i> 'to flow, wet, water, river'<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (cf. <a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a>), or from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Slavic">Proto-Slavic</a> root <i>varn</i> 'black', or from <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a> <i>bar</i> or <i>var</i> 'camp, fortress' (see also <a href="/wiki/Etymological_list_of_provinces_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Etymological list of provinces of Bulgaria">Etymological list of provinces of Bulgaria</a>). </p><p>According to Theophanes, in 680 <a href="/wiki/Asparuh_of_Bulgaria" title="Asparuh of Bulgaria">Asparukh</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a>, routed an army of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_IV" title="Constantine IV">Constantine IV</a> near the Danube River delta. Pursuing those forces, he reached "the so-called Varna near Odyssos  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] and the midlands thereof" (τὴν λεγομένην Βάρναν, πλησίον Ὀδυσσοῦ). Perhaps the new name applied initially to an adjacent river or lake, a Roman military camp, or an inland area, and only later to the city itself. </p><p>By the late 10th century, the name <i>Varna</i> was established so firmly that when Byzantines wrested back control of the area from the Bulgarians around 975, they kept it rather than restoring the ancient name <i>Odessos</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Varna" title="Timeline of Varna">Timeline of Varna</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Varna_Necropolis" title="Varna Necropolis">Varna Necropolis</a></div> <p>Prehistoric settlements are best known for the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Varna_Necropolis" title="Varna Necropolis">necropolis</a> (mid-5th millennium BC radiocarbon dating), a key archaeological site in world prehistory, eponymous <a href="/wiki/Varna_culture" title="Varna culture">Varna culture</a> and internationally considered the world's oldest large find of gold artefacts, existed within modern city limits. In the wider region of the Varna lakes (before the 1900s, freshwater) and the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> springs and caves, over 30 prehistoric settlements have been unearthed with the earliest artefacts dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic" title="Middle Paleolithic">Middle Paleolithic</a> or 100,000 years ago. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thracians">Thracians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Thracians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since late <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> (13th–12th c. BC) the area around Odessos had been populated with <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a>. During 8th–9th c. BC local <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a> had active commercial and cultural contacts with people from <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. These links were reflected in some local productions, for example, forms of bronze <a href="/wiki/Fibula_(brooch)" title="Fibula (brooch)">fibula</a> of the age, either imported or locally made. There is no doubt that interactions occurred mostly by sea and the bay of Odessos is one of the places where the exchanges took place. Some scholars consider that during the 1st millennium BC, the region was also settled by the half-mythical <a href="/wiki/Cimmerians" title="Cimmerians">Cimmerians</a>. An example of their, probably accidental, presence, is the <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumulus</a> dated 8th–7th c. BC found near <a href="/wiki/Belogradets" title="Belogradets">Belogradets</a>, Varna Province. </p><p>The region around Odessos was densely populated with Thracians long before the coming of the Greeks on the west seashore of the Black Sea. <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Scymnus" title="Pseudo-Scymnus">Pseudo-Scymnus</a> writes: "...Around the city [Odessos] lives the Thracian tribe named Crobises." This is also evidenced by various ceramic pottery, made by hand or by a <a href="/wiki/Potter%27s_wheel" title="Potter's wheel">Potter's wheel</a>, bronze ornaments for horse-fittings and iron weapons, all found in Thracian necropolises dated 6th–4th c. BC near the villages of Dobrina, Kipra, Brestak and other, all in <a href="/wiki/Varna_Province" title="Varna Province">Varna Province</a>. The Thracians in the region were ruled by kings, who entered into unions with the <a href="/wiki/Odrysian_kingdom" title="Odrysian kingdom">Odrysian kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Getae" title="Getae">Getae</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sapaeans" title="Sapaeans">Sapaeans</a>—large Thracian states existing between 5th–1st c. BC. Between 336–280 BC these Thracian states along with Odessos were conquered by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>. </p><p>Archaeological findings have indicated that the population of northeast Thrace was very diverse, including the region around Odessos. During 6th–4th c. BC the region was populated with <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a> who normally inhabited the central <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Steppe" title="Eurasian Steppe">Eurasian Steppe</a> (South Russia and Ukraine) and partly the area south of river Istros (the Thracian name of lower <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>). Characteristic for their culture weapons and bronze objects are found all over the region. Scythian horse ornaments are produced in "animal style", which is very close to the Thracian style, a possible explanation for the frequent mixture of both folks in northeastern Thrace. Many bronze artefacts give testimony for such process, for example, applications and front plates for horseheads, as well as moulds for such products in nearby and more distanced settlements. Since the 4th c. BC the region had been populated by more <a href="/wiki/Getae" title="Getae">Getae</a>, which is a Thracian tribe populating both shores around the <a href="/wiki/Danube_Delta" title="Danube Delta">Danube Delta</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> started populating the region after their invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan peninsula">Balkan peninsula</a> in 280 BC. All over northeast Bulgaria and even near Odessos were found a significant number of bronze items with Celtic ornaments and typical weapons, all quickly adopted by Thracians. Arkovna, 80 km near Odessos, was probably the permanent capital of Celts' last king Kavar (270/260–216/210 BC). Probably after the downfall of his kingdom, Celts blended with the greatly numbered Thracians in the country. Between the 2nd–1st c. BC in present <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobrudja</a> land between Dyonissopolis (<a href="/wiki/Balchik" title="Balchik">Balchik</a>) and Odessos were created many small Scythian states. Their "kings" minted their coins in <a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">mints</a> located in cities on the west Black Sea coast, including Odessos. </p><p>The Thracians in northeast Thrace seem to be underdeveloped compared to their counterparts in South Thrace. The people lived in two types of settlements: non-fortified, located in fertile lands near water sources and stone-built fortresses in hard to reach mountain environment, where were usually located the kings' residences. Thracians engaged in farming, wood processing, hunting and fishing. Among their art crafts is metal processing—especially weapons, excelling processing of bronze, making of bracelets, rings, Thracian type of fibulas, horse ornaments, arrowheads. Local goldsmiths used gold and silver to produce typical Thracian plate armour, ceremonial ornaments for the horses of the kings and the aristocracy, as well as valuable <a href="/wiki/Patera" title="Patera">pateras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rhyton" title="Rhyton">ritons</a>. </p><p>Despite ethnic diversity, numerous internal and external conflicts, and cultural differences, the populations of northeastern Bulgaria and the cities along the seashore have demonstrated stable tolerance to each other. Conservatism is easily noticed in ceramic items and in religion. The highest deity of all was the <a href="/wiki/Thracian_horseman" title="Thracian horseman">Thracian horseman</a>, who had different names and functions in different places. Water-related deities were honoured as well, such as <a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">The Three Graces</a> or the water <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">Nymphs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zalmoxis" title="Zalmoxis">Zalmoxis</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Getae" title="Getae">Getae</a>. During the centuries, especially by the end of the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a> (2nd–1st c. BC), Thracians adopted the more elaborated Hellenistic culture, thus acting as an intermediate for the continental Thracians.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VarnaRoman.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/VarnaRoman.JPG/220px-VarnaRoman.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/VarnaRoman.JPG/330px-VarnaRoman.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/VarnaRoman.JPG/440px-VarnaRoman.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Remains of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Roman</a> Odessos</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warna_ruiny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Warna_ruiny.jpg/220px-Warna_ruiny.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Warna_ruiny.jpg/330px-Warna_ruiny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Warna_ruiny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roman_Thermae_(Varna)" title="Roman Thermae (Varna)">Roman Thermae</a> west <a href="/wiki/Apodyterium" title="Apodyterium">apodyterium</a> with <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">St. Athanasius</a> church bell tower in the background</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Odessos</b> or <b>Odessus</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ὀδησσός</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is one of the oldest ancient settlements in Bulgaria. Its name appears as <b>Odesopolis</b> (Ὀδησόπολις) in the <i><a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_Pseudo-Scylax" title="Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax">Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax</a></i>; and as Odyssos or Odyssus in the <a href="/wiki/Synecdemus" title="Synecdemus">Synecdemus</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius">Procopius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DGRG_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGRG-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was established in the second quarter of the sixth century BC (585–550 BC) by <a href="/wiki/Miletus" title="Miletus">Miletian</a> <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> on the site of a previous Thracian settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Miletian founded an <i>apoikia</i> (trading post) of Odessos towards the end of the 7th c. BC (the earliest Greek archaeological material is dated 600–575 BC), or, according to <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Scymnus" title="Pseudo-Scymnus">Pseudo-Scymnus</a><i>, </i>in the time of <a href="/wiki/Astyages" title="Astyages">Astyages</a> (here, usually 572–570 BC is suggested), within an earlier Thracian settlement. The name <i>Odessos</i> could have been pre-Greek, arguably of <a href="/wiki/Carian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carian">Carian</a> origin. It was the presiding member of the Pontic <a href="/wiki/Pentapolis" title="Pentapolis">Pentapolis</a>, consisting of Odessos, <a href="/wiki/Constan%C8%9Ba" title="Constanța">Tomi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Callatis" class="mw-redirect" title="Callatis">Callatis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesembria" title="Mesembria">Mesembria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sozopol" title="Sozopol">Apollonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DGRG_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGRG-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Odessos was a mixed community—contact zone between the <a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionian</a> <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracian</a> tribes (<a href="/wiki/Getae" title="Getae">Getae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krobyzoi" title="Krobyzoi">Krobyzoi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terizi_(Getae_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Terizi (Getae tribe)">Terizi</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a>. Excavations at nearby Thracian sites have shown uninterrupted occupation from the 7th to the 4th century BC and close commercial relations with the colony. The Greek alphabet has been used for inscriptions in <a href="/wiki/Thracian_language" title="Thracian language">Thracian</a> since at least the 5th century BC. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Derzelas" title="Derzelas">Derzelas</a></div> <p>Odessos was included in the assessment of the <a href="/wiki/Delian_league" class="mw-redirect" title="Delian league">Delian league</a> of 425 BC. In 339 BC, it was unsuccessfully besieged by <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II</a> (priests of the Getae persuaded him to conclude a treaty) but surrendered to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> in 335 BC, and was later ruled by his <a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">diadochus</a> <a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a>, against whom it rebelled in 313 BC as part of a coalition with other Pontic cities and the Getae. Nevertheless, at the end of the 4th c. BC the city became one of the strongholds of Lysimachus. The city became very prosperous from this time due to strong sea trade with many of the Mediterranean states and cities supported by a wide range of local products. Shortly after 108 BC, Odessos recognised the suzerainty of <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_VI_of_Pontus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithridates VI of Pontus">Mithridates VI of Pontus</a>. </p><p>The Roman city, <i>Odessus</i>, first included into the <i>Praefectura orae maritimae</i> and then in 15 AD annexed to the province of <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a> (later <i>Moesia Inferior</i>), covered 47 hectares in present-day central Varna and had prominent public baths, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Thermae_(Varna)" title="Roman Thermae (Varna)">Thermae</a>, erected in the late 2nd century AD (so-called Large (North) Ancient Roman Thermae), now the largest Roman remains in Bulgaria (the building was 100 m (328.08 ft) wide, 70 m (229.66 ft) long, and 25 m (82.02 ft) high) and fourth-largest-known Roman baths in Europe which testify to the importance of the city. There is also the Small (South) Ancient Roman Thermae from the 5th–6th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, archaeologists in 2019 discovered ruins of a building of Roman thermae from the 5th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major athletic games were held every five years, possibly attended by <a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a> in 238. </p><p>The main aqueduct of Odessos was recently discovered during rescue excavations<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> north of the defensive wall. The aqueduct was built in three construction periods between the 4th and the 6th centuries; in the 4th century the aqueduct was built together with the city wall, then at the end of the 4th to early 5th centuries when a pipeline was laid inside the initial masonry aqueduct. Thirdly in the 6th century, an extra pipeline was added parallel to the original west of it and entered the city through a reconstruction of the fortress wall. The city minted coins, both as an autonomous <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">polis</a> and under the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> from <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Salonina" title="Cornelia Salonina">Salonina</a>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a>, some of which survive.<sup id="cite_ref-DGRG_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGRG-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Odessos was an early <a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Christian</a> centre, as testified by ruins of twelve early basilicas,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Monophysite" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophysite">monophysite</a> monastery, and indications that one of the <a href="/wiki/Seventy_Disciples" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventy Disciples">Seventy Disciples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ampliatus" title="Ampliatus">Ampliatus</a>, follower of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Andrew">Saint Andrew</a> (who, according to the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgarian Orthodox Church</a> legend, preached in the city in 56 CE), served as bishop there. In 6th-century imperial documents, it was referred to as "holiest city," <i>sacratissima civitas</i>. In 442 a peace treaty between <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a> was conducted at Odessos. In 513, it became a focal point of the <a href="/wiki/Vitalian_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitalian (general)">Vitalian</a> revolt. In 536, <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> made it the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Quaestura_exercitus" title="Quaestura exercitus">Quaestura exercitus</a> ruled by a <i>prefect of Scythia</i> or <i>quaestor Justinianus</i> and including Lower Moesia, <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a>, Caria, the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Islands" title="Aegean Islands">Aegean Islands</a> and Cyprus; later, the military camp outside Odessos was the seat of another senior Roman commander, <i>magister militum per Thracias</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulgarian_conquest">Bulgarian conquest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bulgarian conquest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It has been suggested that the 681 AD peace treaty with the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> that established the new Bulgarian state was concluded at Varna and the first Bulgarian capital south of the Danube may have been provisionally located in its vicinity—possibly in an ancient city near Lake Varna's north shore named Theodorias (Θεοδωριάς) by Justinian I—before it moved to <a href="/wiki/Pliska" title="Pliska">Pliska</a> 70 kilometres (43 miles) to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Asparuh_of_Bulgaria" title="Asparuh of Bulgaria">Asparukh</a> fortified the Varna river lowland by a <a href="/wiki/Rampart_(fortification)" title="Rampart (fortification)">rampart</a> against a possible Byzantine landing; the <i>Asparuhov val</i> (Asparukh's Wall) is still standing. Numerous 7th-century <a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgar</a> settlements have been excavated across the city and further west; the Varna lakes north shores, of all regions, were arguably most densely populated by Bulgars. It has been suggested that Asparukh was aware of the importance of the Roman military camp (<i>campus tribunalis</i>) established by Justinian I outside Odessos and considered it (or its remnants) as the legitimate seat of power for both Lower Moesia and Scythia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Control changed from Byzantine to Bulgarian hands several times during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. In the late 9th and the first half of the 10th century, Varna was the site of a principal <a href="/wiki/Scriptorium" title="Scriptorium">scriptorium</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Preslav_Literary_School" title="Preslav Literary School">Preslav Literary School</a> at a monastery endowed by <a href="/wiki/Boris_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Boris I">Boris I</a> who may have also used it as his monastic retreat. The scriptorium may have played a key role in the development of <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a> by Bulgarian scholars under the guidance of one of <a href="/wiki/Saints_Cyril_and_Methodius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saints Cyril and Methodius">Saints Cyril and Methodius</a>' disciples. <a href="/wiki/Karel_%C5%A0korpil" title="Karel Škorpil">Karel Škorpil</a> suggested that Boris I may have been interred there. The synthetic culture with Hellenistic Thracian, Roman, as well as eastern—Armenian, Syrian, Persian—traits that developed around Odessos in the 6th century under Justinian I, may have influenced the Pliska-Preslav culture of the First Bulgarian Empire, ostensibly in architecture and plastic decorative arts, but possibly also in literature, including Cyrillic scholarship. In 1201, <a href="/wiki/Kaloyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaloyan">Kaloyan</a> took over the Varna fortress, then in Byzantine hands, on <a href="/wiki/Holy_Saturday" title="Holy Saturday">Holy Saturday</a> using a <a href="/wiki/Siege_tower" title="Siege tower">siege tower</a>, and secured it for the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Varna_(1201)" title="Siege of Varna (1201)">Siege of Varna (1201)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna_fortress.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Varna_fortress.png/300px-Varna_fortress.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Varna_fortress.png/450px-Varna_fortress.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Varna_fortress.png/600px-Varna_fortress.png 2x" data-file-width="2385" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption>Plan of Varna's medieval fortress.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the late 13th century, with the Treaty of Nymphaeum of 1261, the offensive-defensive alliance between <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaeologus" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael VIII Palaeologus">Michael VIII Palaeologus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a> that opened up the Black Sea to Genoese commerce, Varna had turned into a thriving commercial port city frequented by Genoese and later also by <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Ragusan</a> merchant ships. The first two maritime republics held consulates and had expatriate colonies there (Ragusan merchants remained active at the port through the 17th century operating from their colony in nearby <a href="/wiki/Provadiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Provadiya">Provadiya</a>). The city was flanked by two fortresses with smaller commercial ports of their own, Kastritsi and Galata, within sight of each other, and was protected by two other strongholds overlooking the lakes, Maglizh and Petrich. Wheat, animal skins, honey and wax, wine, timber and other local agricultural produce for the Italian and Constantinople markets were the chief exports, and Mediterranean foods and luxury items were imported. The city introduced its own monetary standard, the <i>Varna <a href="/wiki/Hyperpyron" title="Hyperpyron">perper</a></i>, by the mid-14th century; Bulgarian and Venetian currency exchange rate was fixed by a treaty. Fine jewellery, household ceramics, fine leather and food processing, and other crafts flourished; shipbuilding developed in the <a href="/wiki/Kamchiya" title="Kamchiya">Kamchiya</a> river mouth. </p><p>Fourteenth-century Italian <a href="/wiki/Portolan_chart" title="Portolan chart">portolan charts</a> showed Varna as arguably the most important seaport between <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> and the Danube delta; they usually labelled the region <a href="/wiki/Zagore_(region)" title="Zagore (region)">Zagora</a>. The city was unsuccessfully besieged by <a href="/wiki/Amadeus_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeus VI">Amadeus VI</a> of Savoy, who had captured all Bulgarian fortresses to the south of it, including Galata, in 1366. In 1386, Varna briefly became the capital of the spinoff <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Karvuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Karvuna">Principality of Karvuna</a>, then was taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottomans</a> in 1389 (and again in 1444), ceded temporarily to <a href="/wiki/Manuel_II_Palaiologos" title="Manuel II Palaiologos">Manuel II Palaeologus</a> in 1413 (perhaps until 1444), and sacked by <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Tatars</a> in 1414. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Battle_of_Varna">Battle of Varna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Battle of Varna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Battle of Varna</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VarnaMemorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/VarnaMemorial.jpg/220px-VarnaMemorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/VarnaMemorial.jpg/330px-VarnaMemorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/VarnaMemorial.jpg/440px-VarnaMemorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="1545" /></a><figcaption>Memorial of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Battle of Varna</a> of 1444 carved into an ancient <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracian</a> <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">burial mound</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 10 November 1444, one of the last major battles of the <a href="/wiki/Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusade">Crusades</a> in European history was fought outside the city walls. <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Army">Ottomans</a> routed an army of 20,000–30,000 crusaders<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led by <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_III_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladislaus III of Poland">Ladislaus III of Poland</a> (also Ulászló I of Hungary), which had assembled at the port to set sail to Constantinople. The Christian army was attacked by a superior force of 55,000 or 60,000 Ottomans led by <a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">sultan</a> <a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a>. Ladislaus III was killed in a bold attempt to capture the sultan, earning the sobriquet <i>Warneńczyk</i> (<i>of Varna</i> in Polish; he is also known as <i>Várnai Ulászló</i> in Hungarian or <i>Ladislaus Varnensis</i> in Latin). The failure of the <a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Crusade of Varna</a> made the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453 all but inevitable, and Varna (with all of Bulgaria) was to remain under Ottoman domination for over four centuries. Today, there is a <a href="/wiki/Cenotaph" title="Cenotaph">cenotaph</a> of Ladislaus III in Varna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Ottoman_rule">Late Ottoman rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Late Ottoman rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A major port, agricultural, trade and shipbuilding centre for the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in the 16th and 17th centuries, preserving a significant and economically active Bulgarian population, Varna was later made one of the <i>Quadrilateral Fortresses</i> (along with <a href="/wiki/Rousse" class="mw-redirect" title="Rousse">Rousse</a>, Shumen, and <a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Silistra</a>) severing <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a> from the rest of Bulgaria and containing Russia in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Russo-Turkish wars">Russo-Turkish wars</a>. The Russians temporarily took over the city in 1773 and again in 1828, following the prolonged <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Varna" title="Siege of Varna">Siege of Varna</a>, returning it to the Ottomans two years later after the medieval fortress was razed. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Varna" title="Siege of Varna">Siege of Varna</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etnografisch_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Etnografisch_Museum.jpg/220px-Etnografisch_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Etnografisch_Museum.jpg/330px-Etnografisch_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Etnografisch_Museum.jpg/440px-Etnografisch_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Ottoman period townhouse</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 19th century, many local Greeks joined the patriotic organisation <a href="/wiki/Filiki_Eteria" title="Filiki Eteria">Filiki Eteria</a>. Αt the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> (1821) revolutionary activity was recorded in Varna. As a result, local notables that participated in the Greek national movement were executed by the Ottoman authorities, while others managed to escape to Greece and continue their struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1877-11-30,_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana,_Cr%C3%B3nica_ilustrada_de_la_Guerra_de_Oriente_(cropped)_Vista_general_de_Varna,_tomada_desde_el_mar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1877-11-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Cr%C3%B3nica_ilustrada_de_la_Guerra_de_Oriente_%28cropped%29_Vista_general_de_Varna%2C_tomada_desde_el_mar.jpg/220px-1877-11-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Cr%C3%B3nica_ilustrada_de_la_Guerra_de_Oriente_%28cropped%29_Vista_general_de_Varna%2C_tomada_desde_el_mar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1877-11-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Cr%C3%B3nica_ilustrada_de_la_Guerra_de_Oriente_%28cropped%29_Vista_general_de_Varna%2C_tomada_desde_el_mar.jpg/330px-1877-11-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Cr%C3%B3nica_ilustrada_de_la_Guerra_de_Oriente_%28cropped%29_Vista_general_de_Varna%2C_tomada_desde_el_mar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/1877-11-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Cr%C3%B3nica_ilustrada_de_la_Guerra_de_Oriente_%28cropped%29_Vista_general_de_Varna%2C_tomada_desde_el_mar.jpg/440px-1877-11-30%2C_La_Ilustraci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_y_Americana%2C_Cr%C3%B3nica_ilustrada_de_la_Guerra_de_Oriente_%28cropped%29_Vista_general_de_Varna%2C_tomada_desde_el_mar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2701" data-file-height="894" /></a><figcaption>Varna during the late Ottoman rule</figcaption></figure> <p>The British and French campaigning against Russia in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> (1854–1856) used Varna as headquarters and principal naval base; many soldiers died of cholera and the city was devastated by a fire. A British and a French monument mark the cemeteries where cholera victims were interred. In 1866, the first railroad in Bulgaria connected Varna with the Rousse on the Danube, linking the Ottoman capital <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Constantinople</a> with Central Europe; for a few years, the <a href="/wiki/Orient_Express" title="Orient Express">Orient Express</a> ran through that route. The port of Varna developed as a major supplier of food—notably wheat from the adjacent breadbasket <a href="/wiki/Southern_Dobruja" title="Southern Dobruja">Southern Dobruja</a>—to Constantinople and a busy hub for European imports to the capital; 12 foreign consulates opened in the city. Local Bulgarians took part in the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Revival" title="Bulgarian National Revival">National Revival</a>; <a href="/wiki/Vasil_Levski" title="Vasil Levski">Vasil Levski</a> set up a secret revolutionary committee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Bulgarian_State">Third Bulgarian State</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Third Bulgarian State"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karte_der_Stadt_Warna_1897.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Karte_der_Stadt_Warna_1897.jpg/220px-Karte_der_Stadt_Warna_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Karte_der_Stadt_Warna_1897.jpg/330px-Karte_der_Stadt_Warna_1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Karte_der_Stadt_Warna_1897.jpg/440px-Karte_der_Stadt_Warna_1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="1798" /></a><figcaption>City map of 1897</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1878, the city, which had 26,000 inhabitants, was given to Bulgaria by Russian troops, who entered on 27 July. Varna became a front city in the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>; its economy was badly affected by the temporary loss of its agrarian hinterland of Southern Dobruja to Romania (1913–16 and 1919–40). In the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> occupied the city in September 1944 and helped to cement communist rule in Bulgaria. </p><p>One of the early centres of industrial development and the Bulgarian labour movement, Varna established itself as the nation's principal port of export, a major grain-producing and <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a> centre, seat of the nation's oldest institution of higher learning outside Sofia, a popular venue for international festivals and events, and the country's <i>de facto</i> summer capital with the erection of the <a href="/wiki/Euxinograd" title="Euxinograd">Euxinograd</a> royal summer palace (currently, the Bulgarian government convenes summer sessions there). Mass tourism emerged since the late 1950s. Heavy industry and trade with the Soviet Union boomed in the 1950s to the 1970s. </p><p>From 20 December 1949 to 20 October 1956 the city was renamed Stalin by the communist government after Soviet dictator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, the 15th <a href="/wiki/Chess_Olympiad" title="Chess Olympiad">Chess Olympiad</a>, also known as the World Team Championship, organized by <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a>, was held in Varna. In 1969 and 1987, Varna was the host of the World <a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_Gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhythmic Gymnastics">Rhythmic Gymnastics</a> Championships. From 30 September to 4 October 1973, the 10th <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Congress" title="Olympic Congress">Olympic Congress</a> took place in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Culture_and_Sports" title="Palace of Culture and Sports">Palace of Culture and Sports</a>. </p><p>Varna became a popular resort for Eastern Europeans, who were barred from travelling to the West until 1989. One of them, the veteran East German communist <a href="/wiki/Otto_Braun_(communist)" title="Otto Braun (communist)">Otto Braun</a>, died on a vacation in Varna in 1974. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna_bay2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Varna_bay2.jpg/220px-Varna_bay2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Varna_bay2.jpg/330px-Varna_bay2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Varna_bay2.jpg/440px-Varna_bay2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9414" data-file-height="2084" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Varna" title="Gulf of Varna">Varna bay</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city occupies 238 km<sup>2</sup> (92 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on verdant terraces (Varna <a href="/wiki/Monocline" title="Monocline">monocline</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Moesian_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesian Platform">Moesian Platform</a>) descending from the calcareous Franga Plateau (height 356 m or 1,168 ft) on the north and Avren Plateau on the south, along the horseshoe-shaped <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Varna" title="Gulf of Varna">Varna Bay</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, the elongated <a href="/wiki/Lake_Varna" title="Lake Varna">Lake Varna</a>, and two artificial waterways connecting the bay and the lake and bridged by the <a href="/wiki/Asparuhov_most" class="mw-redirect" title="Asparuhov most">Asparuhov most</a>. It is the centre of a growing conurbation stretching along the seaboard 20 km (12 mi) north and 10 km (6 mi) south (mostly residential and recreational sprawl) and along the lake 25 km (16 mi) west (mostly transportation and industrial facilities). Since antiquity, the city has been surrounded by vineyards, orchards, and forests. Commercial shipping facilities are being relocated inland into the lakes and canals, while the bay remains a recreation area; almost all the waterfront is parkland. </p><p>The urban area has in excess of 20 km of sand beaches and abounds in thermal mineral water sources (temperature 35–55 °C or 95–131 °F). It enjoys a mild climate influenced by the sea with long, mild, akin to Mediterranean, autumns, and sunny and hot, yet considerably cooler than Mediterranean summers moderated by breezes and regular rainfall. Although Varna receives about two-thirds of the average rainfall for Bulgaria, abundant groundwater keeps its wooded hills lush throughout summer. The city is cut off from north and northeast winds by hills along the north arm of the bay, yet January and February still can be bitterly cold at times, with blizzards. Black Sea water has become cleaner after 1989 due to decreased chemical fertiliser in farming; it has low salinity, lacks large predators or poisonous species, and the tidal range is virtually imperceptible. </p><p>The city lies 470 km (292 mi) north-east of Sofia; the nearest major cities are <a href="/wiki/Dobrich" title="Dobrich">Dobrich</a> (45 km or 28 mi to the north), <a href="/wiki/Shumen" title="Shumen">Shumen</a> (80 km or 50 mi to the west), and <a href="/wiki/Burgas" title="Burgas">Burgas</a> (125 km or 78 mi to the south-west). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Varna has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>Cfa</i>). The specific Black sea climate is milder than the inland parts of the country and the sea influence lowers the effect of the occasional cold air masses from the north-east. Average precipitation is the lowest for the country and sunshine is abundant.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The summer begins in early May and lasts till early October. Temperatures in summer usually vary 27–30 °C (81–86 °F) during the day and between 17–18 °C (63–64 °F) at the night. Seawater temperature during the summer months is usually at the range 24–27 °C (75–81 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In winter temperatures are about 6–7 °C (43–45 °F) during the day and 0 °C (32 °F) at night. Snow is possible in the coldest months, but can quickly melt. The highest temperature ever recorded was 41.4 °C (106.5 °F) in July 1927 and the lowest −24.3 °C (−11.7 °F) in February 1929. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Varna (normals for 1991–2020 extremes 1961–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7<br />(87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.8<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.0<br />(3.2) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.5<br />(7.7) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.0<br />(26.6) </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.6<br />(14.7) </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.7<br />(9.1) </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−17.8<br />(0.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #C6FFC6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">516<br />(20.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">67 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average afternoon <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">68 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #ACAC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB42; color:#000000;" class="notheme">119 </td> <td style="background: #C5C502; color:#000000;" class="notheme">154 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">204 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">259 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">278 </td> <td style="background: #F2F215; color:#000000;" class="notheme">318 </td> <td style="background: #F2F215; color:#000000;" class="notheme">318 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">236 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">92 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,345 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA NCEI(extremes 1991–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdinest(Humidity-extremes 1961-1990, afternoon humidity 1951-1980)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>α<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Varna </th></tr> <tr> <th>Month </th> <th>Jan </th> <th>Feb </th> <th>Mar </th> <th>Apr </th> <th>May </th> <th>Jun </th> <th>Jul </th> <th>Aug </th> <th>Sep </th> <th>Oct </th> <th>Nov </th> <th>Dec </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr> <th>Average sea temperature °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#7878FF;color:#000000;">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background:#6D6DFF;color:#000000;">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background:#7373FF;color:#000000;">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background:#9191FF;color:#000000;">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background:#EDEDFF;color:#000000;">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background:#FFA600;color:#000000;">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background:#FF6B00;color:#000000;">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background:#FF6500;color:#000000;">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background:#FF8F00;color:#000000;">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background:#FFEFBA;color:#000000;">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background:#C5C5FF;color:#000000;">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background:#9494FF;color:#000000;">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background:#E4E4FF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">15.2<br />(59.4) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean daily daylight hours </th> <td style="background:#E9E900;color:#000000;">9.0 </td> <td style="background:#F7F722;color:#000000;">11.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;">12.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF44;color:#000000;">13.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF66;color:#000000;">15.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF66;color:#000000;">15.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF66;color:#000000;">15.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF55;color:#000000;">14.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF33;color:#000000;">12.0 </td> <td style="background:#F7F722;color:#000000;">11.0 </td> <td style="background:#F0F011;color:#000000;">10.0 </td> <td style="background:#E9E900;color:#000000;">9.0 </td> <td style="background:#FFFF35;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">12.2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background:#289500;color:#000000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#289500;color:#000000;">2 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;">3 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;">5 </td> <td style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;">7 </td> <td style="background:#d8001d;color:#000000;">8 </td> <td style="background:#d8001d;color:#000000;">9 </td> <td style="background:#f85900;color:#000000;">7 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;">5 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;">3 </td> <td style="background:#289500;color:#000000;">2 </td> <td style="background:#289500;color:#000000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium">4.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;">Source: Weather Atlas<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-greek"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Afternoon humidity measured at 14:00 local time</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Varna is the administrative centre for Varna county (област, <i>oblast</i>, area). On the other hand, Varna municipality (община, <i>obshtina</i>, borough) comprises the city and five suburbs: <a href="/wiki/Kamenar,_Varna_Province" title="Kamenar, Varna Province">Kamenar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazashko" title="Kazashko">Kazashko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantinovo,_Varna_Province" title="Konstantinovo, Varna Province">Konstantinovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topoli,_Varna_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Topoli, Varna Province">Topoli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zvezditsa,_Varna_Province" title="Zvezditsa, Varna Province">Zvezditsa</a>, served by the city public transport system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maritime_Administration_in_Varna,_Bulgaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Maritime_Administration_in_Varna%2C_Bulgaria.jpg/220px-Maritime_Administration_in_Varna%2C_Bulgaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Maritime_Administration_in_Varna%2C_Bulgaria.jpg/330px-Maritime_Administration_in_Varna%2C_Bulgaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Maritime_Administration_in_Varna%2C_Bulgaria.jpg/440px-Maritime_Administration_in_Varna%2C_Bulgaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Marine Administration Varna</figcaption></figure> <p>The municipal chief executive is the Mayor (кмет, <i>kmet</i>: the word is <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> with <a href="/wiki/Count" title="Count">count</a>). Since the end of the <i>de facto</i> one-party communist rule in 1990, there have been four mayors: Voyno Voynov, SDS (<a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces_(Bulgaria)" title="Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)">Union of Democratic Forces</a>), <i>ad interim</i>, 1990–91; Hristo Kirchev, SDS, 1991–99; <a href="/wiki/Kiril_Yordanov" title="Kiril Yordanov">Kiril Yordanov</a>, independent, 1999–2013; <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Portnih" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Portnih">Ivan Portnih</a>, <a href="/wiki/GERB" title="GERB">GERB</a>, 2013–2023; <a href="/wiki/Blagomir_Kotsev" title="Blagomir Kotsev">Blagomir Kotsev</a>, <a href="/wiki/PP%E2%80%93DB" class="mw-redirect" title="PP–DB">PP–DB</a>, 2023–present. </p><p>The City council (общински съвет, <i>obshtinski savet</i>, the 51-member legislature) is the city's legislative body composed of 51 members. As of January 2015 it consists of: centre-right <a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_European_Development_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria">Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria</a> (GERB), 22 council members; centre-right/right-wing <a href="/wiki/Reformist_Bloc" title="Reformist Bloc">Reformist Bloc</a> <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Front_(Bulgaria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriotic Front (Bulgaria)">Patriotic Front (Bulgaria)</a>, 6; centre-left <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Socialist_Party" title="Bulgarian Socialist Party">Bulgarian Socialist Party</a> (BSP), 5; "Varna" Coalition including <a href="/wiki/Attack_(political_party)" title="Attack (political party)">Attack</a>, 4; other smaller parties, groups and independent members, 14.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Council chairman is Todor Balabanov (<a href="/wiki/GERB" title="GERB">GERB</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Odessos_Area,Varna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Odessos_Area%2CVarna.jpg/220px-Odessos_Area%2CVarna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Odessos_Area%2CVarna.jpg/330px-Odessos_Area%2CVarna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Odessos_Area%2CVarna.jpg/440px-Odessos_Area%2CVarna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Odessos Area Building</figcaption></figure> <p>Varna regional court is one of the busiest courts in the country. The city also headquarters the district, administrative, and military court, and a court of appeal as well as regional, military, and appellate prosecutor's offices.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiralty_Varna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Admiralty_Varna.jpg/220px-Admiralty_Varna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Admiralty_Varna.jpg/330px-Admiralty_Varna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Admiralty_Varna.jpg/440px-Admiralty_Varna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Bulgarian Admiralty in Varna</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boroughs_and_urban_planning">Boroughs and urban planning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Boroughs and urban planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is divided by law into five boroughs (<a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: <span lang="bg">райони</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Bulgarian" title="Romanization of Bulgarian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Bulgarian-language romanization"><i lang="bg-Latn">rayoni</i></span>), each with its mayor and council: <a href="/wiki/Asparuhovo,_Varna" title="Asparuhovo, Varna">Asparuhovo</a>, Mladost, Odessos (the historic centre), Primorski (the largest one with official population of 102,000 also comprising the seaside resorts north of the city centre), and Vladislav Varchenchik. The boroughs are composed of various districts with distinctive characters and histories.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The villages too have а mayor or a mayoral lieutenant (кметски наместник, <i>kmetski namestnik</i>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Briz_House.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Briz_House.JPG/220px-Briz_House.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Briz_House.JPG/330px-Briz_House.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Briz_House.JPG/440px-Briz_House.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>New housing in the Briz district</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>List of Varna City boroughs and districts</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>District </th> <th>Cyrillic </th> <th>Borough </th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladislav_Varnenchik,_Varna_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladislav Varnenchik, Varna District (page does not exist)">Vladislav Varnenchik</a> </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA_(%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB)" class="extiw" title="bg:Владислав Варненчик (квартал)">Владислав Варненчик</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladislav_Varnenchik,_Varna_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladislav Varnenchik, Varna District (page does not exist)">Vladislav Varnenchik</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">48,740 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaisieva_Gradina_Municipality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaisieva Gradina Municipality (page does not exist)">Kaisieva Gradina (Apricot Garden)</a> </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="bg:Кайсиева градина (квартал на Варна)">Кайсиева градина</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladislav_Varnenchik,_Varna_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladislav Varnenchik, Varna District (page does not exist)">Vladislav Varnenchik</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">48,740 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troshevo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Troshevo (page does not exist)">Troshevo</a> </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="bg:Трошево">Трошево</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mladost,_Varna" title="Mladost, Varna">Mladost</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">87,256 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mladost,_Varna" title="Mladost, Varna">Mladost (Youth)</a> </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="bg:Младост (квартал на Варна)">Младост</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mladost,_Varna" title="Mladost, Varna">Mladost</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">87,256 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chayka_(Varna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chayka (Varna) (page does not exist)">Chayka (Seagull)</a> </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="bg:Чайка (квартал на Варна)">Чайка</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primorski_(Varna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primorski (Varna) (page does not exist)">Primorski</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">105,340 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_(Varna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central (Varna) (page does not exist)">Central borough</a> </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_(%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="bg:Център (Варна)">Център</a> </td> <td>Odessos </td> <td style="text-align:right;">82,784 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asparuhovo,_Varna" title="Asparuhovo, Varna">Asparuhovo</a> </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_(%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="bg:Аспарухово (квартал на Варна)">Аспарухово</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asparuhovo_(Varna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asparuhovo (Varna) (page does not exist)">Asparuhovo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27,178 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vinitza_(neighbourhood)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vinitza (neighbourhood) (page does not exist)">Vinitza</a> </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="bg:Виница (квартал на Варна)">Виница</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primorski_(Varna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primorski (Varna) (page does not exist)">Primorski</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">105,340 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Sands" title="Golden Sands">Zlatni pyasatsi (Golden Sands)</a> </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%86%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="bg:Златни пясъци">Златни пясъци</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primorski_(Varna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primorski (Varna) (page does not exist)">Primorski</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">105,340 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hristo_Botev_(Varna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hristo Botev (Varna) (page does not exist)">Hristo Botev</a> </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2_(%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="bg:Христо Ботев (квартал на Варна)">Христо Ботев</a> </td> <td>Odessos </td> <td style="text-align:right;">82,784 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galata_(Varna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galata (Varna) (page does not exist)">Galata</a> </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB)" class="extiw" title="bg:Галата (квартал)">Галата</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asparuhovo_(Varna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asparuhovo (Varna) (page does not exist)">Asparuhovo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27,178 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vazrazhdane_(Revival)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vazrazhdane (Revival) (page does not exist)">Vazrazhdane (Revival)</a> </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_(%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="bg:Възраждане (квартал на Варна)">Възраждане</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mladost,_Varna" title="Mladost, Varna">Mladost</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">87,256 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pobeda_(Varna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pobeda (Varna) (page does not exist)">Pobeda (Victory)</a> </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="bg:Победа (квартал на Варна)">Победа</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mladost,_Varna" title="Mladost, Varna">Mladost</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">87,256 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zapadna_Promishlena_Zona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zapadna Promishlena Zona (page does not exist)">Zapadna Promishlena Zona</a> (West Industrial Zone) </td> <td><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="bg:Западна промишлена зона (Варна)">Западна промишлена зона</a> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mladost,_Varna" title="Mladost, Varna">Mladost</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">87,256 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policing_and_crime">Policing and crime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Policing and crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Bulgaria" title="Crime in Bulgaria">Crime in Bulgaria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MVR_Varna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/MVR_Varna.jpg/220px-MVR_Varna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/MVR_Varna.jpg/330px-MVR_Varna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/MVR_Varna.jpg/440px-MVR_Varna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Police regional directorate</figcaption></figure> <p>Varna was rumoured to be the hub of <a href="/wiki/Category:Organized_crime_in_Bulgaria" title="Category:Organized crime in Bulgaria">Bulgarian organised crime</a>. Some sectors of the economy, including gambling, corporate security, tourism, real estate, and professional sports, were believed to be controlled in part by business groups with links to Communist-era secret services or the military. </p><p>However, it is noted that in Varna, the so-called <i>mutri</i> (Mafia) presence was by no means as visible as it was in smaller coastal towns and resorts. Over the last couple of years, crime has subsided, which is said to have contributed to Varna being named as Bulgaria's Best City to Live In (2007);<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2007, the regional police chief was promoted to the helm of the national police service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consulates">Consulates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Consulates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are consulates of the following countries: Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Bulgaria" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Bulgaria">List of twin towns and sister cities in Bulgaria</a></div> <p>Varna is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England"><img alt="England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bradford" title="Bradford">Bradford</a>, England, United Kingdom</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa"><img alt="South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, South Africa</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dordrecht" title="Dordrecht">Dordrecht</a>, Netherlands</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eimsb%C3%BCttel" title="Eimsbüttel">Eimsbüttel (Hamburg)</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Novorossiysk" title="Novorossiysk">Novorossiysk</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a>, Indonesia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a>, Finland</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a>, Iran</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vchairlift.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Vchairlift.jpg/220px-Vchairlift.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Vchairlift.jpg/330px-Vchairlift.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Vchairlift.jpg/440px-Vchairlift.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A woman and a boy enjoying Varna's aerial chairlift ride at Chaika beachfront community</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna_Plage.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Varna_Plage.JPG/220px-Varna_Plage.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Varna_Plage.JPG/330px-Varna_Plage.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Varna_Plage.JPG/440px-Varna_Plage.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Varna South Beach</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna_beach_at_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Varna_beach_at_sunset.jpg/220px-Varna_beach_at_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Varna_beach_at_sunset.jpg/330px-Varna_beach_at_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Varna_beach_at_sunset.jpg/440px-Varna_beach_at_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1514" data-file-height="1001" /></a><figcaption>Officers' Beach at sunset</figcaption></figure><p> The first population data date back to the mid-17th century when the town was thought to have about 4,000 inhabitants,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the first population census in 1881 counted 24,555.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 1883 census, it was the second-largest in Bulgaria after <a href="/wiki/Ruse,_Bulgaria" title="Ruse, Bulgaria">Ruse</a>. Thereafter Varna became Bulgaria's third-largest city and kept this position steadily for the next 120 years, while different cities took turns in the first, second, and fourth places.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style></p><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1887</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,256</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,419</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+64.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1934</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">69,563</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+67.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">76,954</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">120,345</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+56.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1965</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">180,110</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+49.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">252,525</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+40.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1985</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">302,211</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1992</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">308,432</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">312,889</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">334,870</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">332,394</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">332,686</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Censuses<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsi.bg/bg/content/21553/bg003c-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0">"National statistical institute"</a>. 31 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+statistical+institute&rft.date=2024-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsi.bg%2Fbg%2Fcontent%2F21553%2Fbg003c-%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>In January 2012, the city of Varna has a population of 334,781, which makes it the third-largest city in Bulgaria, while the <a href="/wiki/Varna_Municipality" title="Varna Municipality">Varna Municipality</a> along with the legally affiliated adjacent villages had 343,643 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unofficial metro area (including Varna municipality and adjacent parts of Aksakovo, Avren, Beloslav, and Devnya municipalities, and excluding adjacent parts of <a href="/wiki/Dobrich_Province" title="Dobrich Province">Dobrich Province</a>) has an estimated population of 475,000.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here, the "Varna-<a href="/wiki/Devnya" title="Devnya">Devnya</a>-<a href="/wiki/Provadia" title="Provadia">Provadiya</a> agglomeration" is not considered identical to the "Varna metro area". </p><p>Varna is one of the few cities in Bulgaria with a positive natural growth (6300 births vs. 3600 deaths in 2009<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and new children's day care centers opening (6 expected in 2009).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since December 2006, various sources, including the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">Bulgarian National Television</a>, national newspapers, research agencies, the mayor's office, and local police, claim that Varna has a population by present address of over 500,000, making it the nation's second-largest city.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Official statistics according to GRAO and NSI, however, have not supported their claims. In 2008, Deputy Mayor Venelin Zhechev estimated the actual population at 650,000.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2008, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Kiril_Yordanov" title="Kiril Yordanov">Kiril Yordanov</a> claimed the actual number of permanent residents was 970,000,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or that there were 60% unregistered people. In January 2009, the <i>Financial Times</i> said that "Varna now draws about 30,000 new residents a year."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The census, carried out in February 2011, enumerated 334,870 inhabitants. If unregistered population plus the commuters from the adjacent municipalities are taken into consideration, the real population of the city during a work day reaches 400,000. Varna attracts 2 to 3 million tourists a year, as the holidaymakers may reach as many as 200,000 daily during the high season. Thus, there are about 600,000 people in the city in July and August. </p> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_cjkjseq15vkh9saoq1gs0bxj7gjtvo3"></map><img usemap="#timeline_cjkjseq15vkh9saoq1gs0bxj7gjtvo3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/cjkjseq15vkh9saoq1gs0bxj7gjtvo3.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic,_linguistic_and_religious_composition"><span id="Ethnic.2C_linguistic_and_religious_composition"></span>Ethnic, linguistic and religious composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ethnic, linguistic and religious composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios,_Varna,_Bulgaria,_2016-05-27,_DD_109-111_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios%2C_Varna%2C_Bulgaria%2C_2016-05-27%2C_DD_109-111_HDR.jpg/220px-Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios%2C_Varna%2C_Bulgaria%2C_2016-05-27%2C_DD_109-111_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios%2C_Varna%2C_Bulgaria%2C_2016-05-27%2C_DD_109-111_HDR.jpg/330px-Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios%2C_Varna%2C_Bulgaria%2C_2016-05-27%2C_DD_109-111_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios%2C_Varna%2C_Bulgaria%2C_2016-05-27%2C_DD_109-111_HDR.jpg/440px-Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios%2C_Varna%2C_Bulgaria%2C_2016-05-27%2C_DD_109-111_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8135" data-file-height="5628" /></a><figcaption>Cathedral <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warna_cerkiew1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Warna_cerkiew1.jpg/220px-Warna_cerkiew1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Warna_cerkiew1.jpg/330px-Warna_cerkiew1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Warna_cerkiew1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Debar" title="Debar">Debar</a> school <a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">wood-carved</a> <a href="/wiki/Iconostasis" title="Iconostasis">iconostasis</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Most Varnians (варненци, <i>varnentsi</i>) are ethnic <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a> (94%). Ethnic Turks rank second with 3%; however by 2009, <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> and other Russian-speaking recent immigrants with no Bulgarian citizenship, estimated at over 20,000, perhaps have outnumbered them, additionally there is a growing number of new Asian and African immigrants and corporate <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriates</a>. These are mostly students of the medical university of Varna. There is a comparable number of Romani (1% of the population) mostly in three distinctive and largely impoverished neighbourhoods: Maksuda; Rozova Dolina in the <a href="/wiki/Asparuhovo,_Varna" title="Asparuhovo, Varna">Asparuhovo</a> district; and Chengene Kula in the Vladislavovo district, while Varna is spearheading several programs on Romani integration. <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>, Jews, and other long-standing ethnic groups are also present although in much smaller numbers. With the departure of most Turks and Greeks and the arrival of Bulgarian refugees and settlers from inland, Northern <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bessarabia" title="Bessarabia">Bessarabia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a>, and later, of refugees from <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>, Eastern <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> and Southern Dobruja following the <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> and the First World War, ethnic diversity gave way to Bulgarian predominance, although sizeable minorities of <a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a>, Armenians, and <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi Jews">Sephardic Jews</a> remained for decades. </p><p>According to the 1876 census of the <a href="/wiki/Danube_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube Vilayet">Danube Vilayet</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, the population of Varna consisted of a majority of <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a> (50%) and a minority of <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> (over 40%).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant part were Turkish-speaking Christians (<a href="/wiki/Gagauzes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gagauzes">Gagauzes</a>) who identified as Bulgarians. </p><p>According to the 1881 census in Bulgaria, the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish language</a> was a mother tongue for 8903 people (36.25%), for 6721 was the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> (27.36%), for 5,367 was Greek (21.85%) and Tatar for 837 (3.41%). By ethnic group, ethnic Bulgarians were then 6,714, of whom 4478 men and 2236 women.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the latest 2011 census data, the individuals declared their ethnic identity were distributed as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a>: 284,738 (93.8%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Turks</a>: 10,028 (3.6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Bulgaria" title="Romani people in Bulgaria">Romani</a>: 3,162 (1.0%)</li> <li>Others: 3,378 (1.1%)</li> <li>Indefinable: 2,288 (0.8%) <ul><li>Undeclared: 31,276 (10.3%)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Total: 334,781 </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Varna_Municipality" title="Varna Municipality">Varna Municipality</a> 290,780 declared as Bulgarians, 11,089 as Turks, 3,535 as Romani and 34,758 did not declare their ethnic group. </p><p>According to the 2001 census data, the ethnic composition was as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a>: 296,407 (92.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Turks</a>: 12,295 (3.8%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Bulgaria" title="Romani people in Bulgaria">Romani</a>: 3,748 (1.2%)</li> <li>Others: 4,566 (1.4%)</li> <li>Indefinable: 2,406 (0.8%) <ul><li>Undeclared: 1,042 (0.3%)</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Total: 320,464 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna_Port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Varna_Port.jpg/220px-Varna_Port.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Varna_Port.jpg/330px-Varna_Port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Varna_Port.jpg/440px-Varna_Port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4104" data-file-height="2414" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Varna" title="Port of Varna">Port Varna</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pfohe_Mall_Varna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Pfohe_Mall_Varna.jpg/220px-Pfohe_Mall_Varna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Pfohe_Mall_Varna.jpg/330px-Pfohe_Mall_Varna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Pfohe_Mall_Varna.jpg/440px-Pfohe_Mall_Varna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A new "lifestyle" shopping mall in the Troshevo district</figcaption></figure> <p>Economically, Varna is among the best-performing and fastest-growing Bulgarian cities. In 2016 the unemployment rate is 3.5% and the average salary is nearly 900lv (450€) per month.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economy is service-based, with 61% of net revenue generated in trade and tourism, 16% in manufacturing, 14% in transportation and communications, and 6% in construction.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Financial services, particularly banking, insurance, investment management, and real-estate finance are booming. As of December 2008, the fallout of the global financial crisis has not yet been hard. The city is the easternmost destination of <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_corridors" title="Pan-European corridors">Pan-European transport corridor</a> 8 and is connected to corridors 7 and 9 via Rousse. Major industries traditionally include transportation (<a href="/wiki/Navibulgar" title="Navibulgar">Navibulgar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Varna" title="Port of Varna">Port of Varna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varna_Airport" title="Varna Airport">Varna Airport</a>), distribution (Logistics Park Varna<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">shipbuilding</a> (see also <a href="/wiki/Oceanic-Creations" title="Oceanic-Creations">Oceanic-Creations</a>), ship repair,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other marine industries. </p><p>The largest port in Bulgaria is the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Varna" title="Port of Varna">Port of Varna</a> through which over 7m tonnes of freight moves annually.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2007, <a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a> disclosed the <a href="/wiki/South_Stream" title="South Stream">South Stream</a> project whereby a 900-kilometre-long (559-mile) offshore natural gas pipeline from Russia's <a href="/wiki/Dzhubga" title="Dzhubga">Dzhubga</a> with annual capacity of 63 billion metres (207 billion feet) was planned to come ashore at Varna, possibly near the Galata offshore gas field, en route to Italy and Austria. Nevertheless, the project was stopped due to the EU-Russia conflict. </p><p>With the nearby towns of <a href="/wiki/Beloslav" title="Beloslav">Beloslav</a> and <a href="/wiki/Devnya" title="Devnya">Devnya</a>, Varna forms the <a href="/wiki/Varna-Devnya_Industrial_Complex" title="Varna-Devnya Industrial Complex">Varna-Devnya Industrial Complex</a>, home to some of the largest chemical, thermal power, and manufacturing facilities in Bulgaria, including Varna Thermal Power Plant and <i>Sodi Devnya</i>, the two largest cash privatisation deals in the country's recent history. There are also notable facilities for radio navigation devices, household appliances, security systems, textiles, apparel, food and beverages, printing, and other industries. Some manufacturing veterans are giving way to post-industrial developments: an ECE shopping mall is taking the place of the former VAMO diesel engine works and the Varna Brewery is being replaced by a convention centre. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GoldenSands.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GoldenSands.JPG/220px-GoldenSands.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GoldenSands.JPG/330px-GoldenSands.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/GoldenSands.JPG/440px-GoldenSands.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A beach at <a href="/wiki/Golden_Sands" title="Golden Sands">Golden Sands</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BG_Golden_Sands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BG_Golden_Sands.jpg/220px-BG_Golden_Sands.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BG_Golden_Sands.jpg/330px-BG_Golden_Sands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/BG_Golden_Sands.jpg/440px-BG_Golden_Sands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Grand Hotel Hermitage, Golden Sands</figcaption></figure> <p>Tourism is of foremost importance with the suburban beachfront resorts of <a href="/wiki/Golden_Sands" title="Golden Sands">Golden Sands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riviera,_Varna_Province" title="Riviera, Varna Province">Riviera Holiday Club</a>, Sunny Day, <a href="/wiki/Saints_Constantine_and_Helena,_Bulgaria" title="Saints Constantine and Helena, Bulgaria">Saints Constantine and Helena</a> attracting around 1 million foreign tourists in 2016. The resorts received considerable internal and foreign investment in the late 1990s and early in the first decade of the 21st century, and are environmentally sound, being located reassuringly far from chemical and other smokestack industries. Varna is also Bulgaria's only international <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">cruise</a> destination with 36 cruises for 2014 and a major international conference and SPA centre. Varna South Bay is also becoming a popular area for tourists </p><p>The highest building in the city is <a href="/wiki/Interhotel_Cherno_More" title="Interhotel Cherno More">Interhotel Cherno More</a> at 72.2 meters. </p><p>Real estate boomed in 2003–2008 with some of the highest prices in the country, by fall 2007 surpassing Sofia. In 2017 Varna is second in terms of construction projects.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In retail, the city not only has the assortment of international big-box retailers, now found in larger Bulgarian cities, but boasts made-in-Varna national chains with locations spreading over the country such as retailer <a href="/wiki/Piccadilly_(supermarket_chain)" title="Piccadilly (supermarket chain)">Piccadilly</a>, the famous restaurant chain <i>Happy</i> and pharmacy chain <i>Sanita</i>. <a href="/wiki/Mall_Varna" title="Mall Varna">Mall Varna</a>, Grand Mall and Delta Planet Mall are the three largest shopping centres in Varna, turning the city into an attractive shopping destination. The city has many of the finest eateries in the nation and abounds in ethnic food places. There is a plethora of Internet cafes and many places, including parks, are covered by free public wireless internet service. Varna is connected to other Black Sea cities by the submarine <a href="/wiki/BSFOCS" class="mw-redirect" title="BSFOCS">Black Sea Fibre Optic Cable System</a>. </p><p>In 2016 Varna won the vote of Darik Radio listeners and was awarded "Best city to live" and "Protector of History".<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna_Solaris_bus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Varna_Solaris_bus.JPG/220px-Varna_Solaris_bus.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Varna_Solaris_bus.JPG/330px-Varna_Solaris_bus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Varna_Solaris_bus.JPG/440px-Varna_Solaris_bus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Local bus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VarnaRailway.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/VarnaRailway.JPG/220px-VarnaRailway.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/VarnaRailway.JPG/330px-VarnaRailway.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/VarnaRailway.JPG/440px-VarnaRailway.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Varna_railway_station" title="Varna railway station">Central Railway Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Varna is accessible by air (<a href="/wiki/Varna_Airport" title="Varna Airport">Varna International Airport</a>), sea (<a href="/wiki/Port_of_Varna" title="Port of Varna">Port of Varna</a> Cruise Terminal), railway (<a href="/wiki/Varna_railway_station" title="Varna railway station">Central railway station</a>), bus, and road. </p><p>Major roads include <a href="/wiki/European_roads" class="mw-redirect" title="European roads">European roads</a> Varna – <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> <a href="/wiki/European_route_E70" title="European route E70">E70</a>, Varna – <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> <a href="/wiki/European_route_E87" title="European route E87">E87</a> and Varna – <a href="/wiki/Constanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Constanta">Constanta</a>, Romania; national motorways Varna – <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> A2 (<a href="/wiki/Hemus_motorway" title="Hemus motorway">Hemus motorway</a>) and Varna – <a href="/wiki/Burgas" title="Burgas">Burgas</a> A5 (<a href="/wiki/Cherno_More_motorway" title="Cherno More motorway">Cherno More motorway</a>). There are bus routes to many Bulgarian and international cities from two bus terminals. There are also train, ferry and <a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">roll-on/roll-off</a> services to <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>, Ukraine, <a href="/wiki/Port_Kavkaz" title="Port Kavkaz">Port Kavkaz</a>, Russia, <a href="/wiki/Poti" title="Poti">Poti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a>, Georgia. </p><p>The public transport system is managed by "City Transport Varna" and has been recently modernised. Ticket prices are reasonable: from 1lv (0.50€) for city zones to 3lv (1.50€) for routes Varna – <a href="/wiki/Golden_Sands" title="Golden Sands">Golden Sands</a>. Along with local buses, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Varna" title="Trolleybuses in Varna">trolleybuses</a>, fixed-route minibus lines, there is also a large fleet of taxis. </p><p>In 2021, a light rail (LRT) system was proposed by the municipality. It is expected to connect the airport with the central part of the city, with several underground sections and stations. The funding will be provided by the EU programmes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VarnaArchMuseum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/VarnaArchMuseum.JPG/220px-VarnaArchMuseum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/VarnaArchMuseum.JPG/330px-VarnaArchMuseum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/VarnaArchMuseum.JPG/440px-VarnaArchMuseum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Varna_Archaeological_Museum" title="Varna Archaeological Museum">Archaeological Museum</a> occupies an ornate 19th-century former girls' school</figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Special:EditPage/Varna, Bulgaria">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>City landmarks include the <a href="/wiki/Varna_Archaeological_Museum" title="Varna Archaeological Museum">Varna Archaeological Museum</a>, exhibiting the <i><a href="/wiki/Gold_of_Varna" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold of Varna">Gold of Varna</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Thermae_(Varna)" title="Roman Thermae (Varna)">Roman Baths</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Battle of Varna</a> Park Museum, the Naval Museum in the Italianate <i>Villa Assareto</i> displaying the <a href="/wiki/Museum_ship" title="Museum ship">museum ship</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Drazki_torpedo_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Drazki torpedo boat">Drazki torpedo boat</a></i>, the Museum of Ethnography in an Ottoman-period compound featuring the life of local urban dwellers, fisherfolk, and peasants in the late 19th and early 20th century. </p><p>You can see the highlight landmarks using Varna City Card – it combines all essential cultural locations, gives many discounts to tourists in restaurants and bars, and overall saves money.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sea_Garden_(Varna)" title="Sea Garden (Varna)">Sea Garden (Varna)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BG_FONTAN_VARNA_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BG_FONTAN_VARNA_06.jpg/220px-BG_FONTAN_VARNA_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BG_FONTAN_VARNA_06.jpg/330px-BG_FONTAN_VARNA_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BG_FONTAN_VARNA_06.jpg/440px-BG_FONTAN_VARNA_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>"Fountain of the Sirens" in the Sea Garden</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna_Bulgaria_garden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Varna_Bulgaria_garden.jpg/220px-Varna_Bulgaria_garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Varna_Bulgaria_garden.jpg/330px-Varna_Bulgaria_garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Varna_Bulgaria_garden.jpg/440px-Varna_Bulgaria_garden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sea_Garden_(Varna)" title="Sea Garden (Varna)">Sea Garden</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The 'Sea Garden' is the oldest and perhaps largest park in town containing an open-air theatre (venue of the International Ballet Competition, opera performances and concerts), <a href="/wiki/Varna_Aquarium" title="Varna Aquarium">Varna Aquarium</a> (opened 1932), the Festa Dolphinarium (opened 1984), the Nicolaus Copernicus Observatory and Planetarium, the Museum of Natural History, a terrarium, a zoo, an alpineum, a children's amusement park with a pond, boathouse and ice-skating rink, and other attractions. The National Revival Alley is decorated with bronze monuments to prominent Bulgarians, and the Cosmonauts' Alley contains trees planted by <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin" title="Yuri Gagarin">Yuri Gagarin</a> and other Soviet and Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/Cosmonaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmonaut">cosmonauts</a>. The Garden is a national monument of landscape architecture and is said to be the largest landscaped park in the Balkans. </p><p>The waterfront promenade is lined by a string of beach clubs offering a vibrant scene of rock, hip-hop, Bulgarian and American-style pop, techno, and <a href="/wiki/Chalga" title="Chalga">chalga</a>. In October 2006, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> dubbed Varna "Europe's new funky-town, the good-time capital of Bulgaria".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city enjoys a nationwide reputation for its rock, hip-hop, world music, and other artists, clubs, and related events such as <a href="/wiki/July_Morning" title="July Morning">July Morning</a> and international rock and hip-hop (including graffiti<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) venues. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Euxinograd-palace-benkovski.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Euxinograd-palace-benkovski.png/220px-Euxinograd-palace-benkovski.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Euxinograd-palace-benkovski.png/330px-Euxinograd-palace-benkovski.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Euxinograd-palace-benkovski.png/440px-Euxinograd-palace-benkovski.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Euxinograd" title="Euxinograd">Euxinograd</a> palace</figcaption></figure> <p>The city beaches, also known as <i>sea baths</i> (морски бани, <i>morski bani</i>), are dotted with hot (up to 55°С/131 °F) sulphuric mineral water sources (used for spas, swimming pools and public showers) and punctured by small sheltered marinas. Additionally, the 2.05 km (1.27 mi) long, 52 m (171 ft) high <a href="/wiki/Asparuhov_most" class="mw-redirect" title="Asparuhov most">Asparuhov most</a> bridge is a popular spot for <a href="/wiki/Bungee_jumping" title="Bungee jumping">bungee jumping</a>. Outside the city are the <a href="/wiki/Euxinograd" title="Euxinograd">Euxinograd</a> palace, park and winery, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sofia" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Sofia">University of Sofia</a> Botanical Garden (Ecopark Varna), the <a href="/wiki/Pobiti_Kamani" title="Pobiti Kamani">Pobiti Kamani</a> rock phenomenon, and the medieval <a href="/wiki/Cave_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave monastery">cave monastery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aladzha_Monastery" title="Aladzha Monastery">Aladzha</a>. </p><p>Tourist shopping areas include the boutique rows along Prince Boris Blvd (with retail rents rivalling Vitosha Blvd in Sofia) and adjacent pedestrian streets, as well as the large mall and big-box cluster in the Mladost district, suitable for motorists. Two other shopping plazas, Piccadilly Park and Central Plaza, are conveniently located to serve tourists in the resorts north of the city centre, both driving and riding the public transit. ATMs and 24/7 gas stations with convenience stores abound. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_the_history_Varna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Museum_of_the_history_Varna.jpg/220px-Museum_of_the_history_Varna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Museum_of_the_history_Varna.jpg/330px-Museum_of_the_history_Varna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Museum_of_the_history_Varna.jpg/440px-Museum_of_the_history_Varna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Varna History Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>Food markets, among others, include supermarket chains <a href="/wiki/Billa_(supermarket)" title="Billa (supermarket)">Billa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaufland" title="Kaufland">Kaufland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metro_AG" title="Metro AG">Metro</a>. In stores and restaurants, credit cards are normally accepted. There is a number of farmers markets offering fresh local produce; the Kolkhozen Pazar, the largest one, also has a fresh fish market but is located in a crowded area virtually inaccessible for cars. </p><p>Like other cities in the region, Varna has its share of stray dogs, calm and friendly, flashing orange clips on the ears showing they have been castrated and vaccinated. However, urban wildlife is dominated by the ubiquitous seagulls, while brown squirrels inhabit the Sea Garden. Cats are also everywhere in the city. In January and February, migrating swans winter on the sheltered beaches.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dormition_Cathedral,_Varna" class="mw-redirect" title="Dormition Cathedral, Varna">Dormition Cathedral, Varna</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna_Cathedral_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Varna_Cathedral_01.jpg/220px-Varna_Cathedral_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Varna_Cathedral_01.jpg/330px-Varna_Cathedral_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Varna_Cathedral_01.jpg/440px-Varna_Cathedral_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3653" data-file-height="3883" /></a><figcaption>Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral at night</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warna3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Warna3.jpg/220px-Warna3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Warna3.jpg/330px-Warna3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Warna3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">Saint Nicholas</a> seamen's church</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St-Athanasius-Church-in-Varna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St-Athanasius-Church-in-Varna.jpg/220px-St-Athanasius-Church-in-Varna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St-Athanasius-Church-in-Varna.jpg/330px-St-Athanasius-Church-in-Varna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/St-Athanasius-Church-in-Varna.jpg/440px-St-Athanasius-Church-in-Varna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="669" /></a><figcaption>St. Athanasius church with <a href="/wiki/Roman_Thermae_(Varna)" title="Roman Thermae (Varna)">ancient thermae</a> in foreground</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios,_Varna,_Bulgaria,_2016-05-27,_DD_115-116_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios%2C_Varna%2C_Bulgaria%2C_2016-05-27%2C_DD_115-116_HDR.jpg/220px-Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios%2C_Varna%2C_Bulgaria%2C_2016-05-27%2C_DD_115-116_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios%2C_Varna%2C_Bulgaria%2C_2016-05-27%2C_DD_115-116_HDR.jpg/330px-Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios%2C_Varna%2C_Bulgaria%2C_2016-05-27%2C_DD_115-116_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios%2C_Varna%2C_Bulgaria%2C_2016-05-27%2C_DD_115-116_HDR.jpg/440px-Catedral_de_la_Dormici%C3%B3n_de_la_Madre_de_Dios%2C_Varna%2C_Bulgaria%2C_2016-05-27%2C_DD_115-116_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4183" data-file-height="3430" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <p>Notable old Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Orthodox</a> temples include the metropolitan Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral (of the diocese of Varna and Veliki <a href="/wiki/Preslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Preslav">Preslav</a>); the early-17th-century Theotokos Panagia (built on the site of an earlier church where Ladislaus III was perhaps buried); the <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">St. Athanasius</a> (former <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarch_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople">Greek</a> metropolitan cathedral) on the footprint of a razed 10th-century church; the 15th-century <a href="/wiki/Parascheva_of_the_Balkans" class="mw-redirect" title="Parascheva of the Balkans">St. Petka Parashkeva</a> chapel; the seamen's church of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">Saint Nicholas</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Archangel_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangel Michael">Archangel Michael</a> chapel, site of the first Bulgarian secular school from the National Revival era; and the Sts. <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helena_of_Constantinople" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena of Constantinople">Helena</a> church of the 14th-century suburban monastery of the same name. </p><p>The remains of a large 4th- to 5th-century stronghold basilica in Dzhanavara Park just south of town are becoming a tourist destination with some exquisite mosaics displayed <i>in situ</i>. The remains of another massive 9th-century basilica adjacent to the scriptorium at Boris I's Theotokos Panagia monastery are being excavated and conserved. A 4th- to 5th-century episcopal basilica north of the Thermae is also being restored. There is also a number of newer Orthodox temples; two, dedicated to apostle Andrew and the local martyr St. Procopius of Varna, are currently under construction. Many smaller Orthodox chapels have mushroomed in the area. In early 2009, Vasil Danev, leader of the ethnic Organization of the United Roma Communities (FORO), said local Roma would also erect an Orthodox chapel. </p><p>There is an <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Apostolic">Armenian Apostolic</a> church; two Roman Catholic churches, a thriving <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">Evangelical Methodist</a> episcopal church offering organ concerts, active <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a>, and two <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptist</a> churches. </p><p>Two old mosques (one is open) have survived since Ottoman times, when there were 18 of them in town, as have two once stately but now dilapidated synagogues, a <a href="/wiki/Sephardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi">Sephardic</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazic</a> one, the latter in <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> style (it is undergoing restoration). A new mosque was recently added in the southern Asparuhovo district serving the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Roma">Muslim Roma</a> neighbourhood. </p><p>There is also a <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> centre. </p><p>On a different note, spiritual master <a href="/wiki/Peter_Deunov" title="Peter Deunov">Peter Deunov</a> started preaching his <a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric Christianity</a> doctrine in Varna in the late 1890s, and, in 1899–1908, the yearly meetings of his Synarchic Chain, later known as the Universal White Brotherhood, were convened there. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna_Bulgaria_architecture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Varna_Bulgaria_architecture.jpg/220px-Varna_Bulgaria_architecture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Varna_Bulgaria_architecture.jpg/330px-Varna_Bulgaria_architecture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Varna_Bulgaria_architecture.jpg/440px-Varna_Bulgaria_architecture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> mansion on Prince Boris I Boulevard</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaika_district_in_Varna.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Chaika_district_in_Varna.JPG/220px-Chaika_district_in_Varna.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Chaika_district_in_Varna.JPG/330px-Chaika_district_in_Varna.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Chaika_district_in_Varna.JPG/440px-Chaika_district_in_Varna.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Chaika apartment complex, the socialist showcase for the 1972 World Congress of Architecture</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1878, Varna was an Ottoman city of mostly wooden houses in a style characteristic of the Black Sea coast, densely packed along narrow, winding lanes.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was surrounded by a stone wall restored in the 1830s with a citadel, a moat, ornamented iron gates flanked by towers, and a vaulted stone bridge across the River Varna. The place abounded in pre-Ottoman relics, ancient ruins were widely used as stone quarries. </p><p>Today, very little of this legacy remains; the city centre was rebuilt by the nascent Bulgarian middle class in late 19th and early 20th centuries in Western style with local interpretations of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">Neo-Renaissance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baroque_Revival_architecture" title="Baroque Revival architecture">Neo-Baroque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassicism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> (many of those buildings, whose ownership was restored after 1989, underwent renovations). </p><p>Stone masonry from demolished city walls was used for the cathedral, the two elite high schools, and for paving new boulevards. The middle class built practical townhouses and coop buildings. Elegant mansions were erected on main boulevards and in the vineyards north of town. A few industrial working-class suburbs (of one-family cottages with small green yards) emerged. Refugees from the 1910s wars also settled in similar poorer yet vibrant neighbourhoods along the city edges. </p><p>During the rapid urbanisation of the 1960s to the early 1980s, large apartment complexes sprawled onto land formerly covered by small private vineyards or agricultural cooperatives as the city population tripled. Beach resorts were designed mostly in a sleek modern style, which was somewhat lost in their recent more lavish renovations. Modern landmarks of the 1960s include the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Culture_and_Sports" title="Palace of Culture and Sports">Palace of Culture and Sports</a>, built in 1968. </p><p>With the country's return to capitalism since 1989, upscale apartment buildings mushroomed both downtown and on uptown terraces overlooking the sea and the lake. Varna's vineyards (лозя, <i>lozya</i>), dating back perhaps to antiquity and stretching for miles around, started turning from mostly rural grounds dotted with summer houses or <i>villa</i> into affluent suburbs sporting opulent villas and family hotels, epitomised by the researched <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_architecture" title="Postmodern architecture">postmodernist</a> kitsch of the Villa Aqua. </p><p>With the new suburban construction far outpacing infrastructure growth, ancient landslides were activated, temporarily disrupting major highways. As the number of vehicles quadrupled since 1989, Varna became known for traffic jams; parking on the old town's leafy but narrow streets normally takes the sidewalks. At the same time, stretches of <a href="/wiki/Shanty_town" title="Shanty town">shanty towns</a>, more befitting Rio de Janeiro, remain in <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a> neighbourhoods on the western edge of town due to complexities of local politics. </p><p>The beach resorts were rebuilt and expanded, fortunately without being as heavily overdeveloped as were other tourist destinations on the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Black_Sea_Coast" title="Bulgarian Black Sea Coast">Bulgarian Black Sea Coast</a>, and their greenery was mostly preserved. New modern office buildings started reshaping the old centre and the city's surroundings.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2016, Varna was home to over 37,000 students. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Academy,_Varna_(70_percent).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Naval_Academy%2C_Varna_%2870_percent%29.jpg/220px-Naval_Academy%2C_Varna_%2870_percent%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Naval_Academy%2C_Varna_%2870_percent%29.jpg/330px-Naval_Academy%2C_Varna_%2870_percent%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/56/Naval_Academy%2C_Varna_%2870_percent%29.jpg/440px-Naval_Academy%2C_Varna_%2870_percent%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="1046" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Vaptsarov_Naval_Academy" title="Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy">Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaliakra1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kaliakra1.jpg/220px-Kaliakra1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kaliakra1.jpg/330px-Kaliakra1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Kaliakra1.jpg/440px-Kaliakra1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1039" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kaliakra_(Tall_ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaliakra (Tall ship)"><i>Kaliakra</i></a>, the Naval Academy training <a href="/wiki/Barquentine" title="Barquentine">barquentine</a>, in Varna Bay</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Economics_Varna" title="University of Economics Varna">University of Economics</a>, founded on 14 May 1920 as the Higher School of Commerce, is the second oldest Bulgarian university after <a href="/wiki/Sofia_University" title="Sofia University">Sofia University</a>. It is the first private one—underwritten by the Varna Chamber of Commerce and Industry.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prof. Tsani Kalyandzhiev, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zurich" title="University of Zurich">University of Zurich</a> alumni and a research chemist in the United States, was university's first <a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">rector</a> (<a href="/wiki/Principal_(academia)" title="Principal (academia)">principal</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Vaptsarov_Naval_Academy" title="Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy">Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy</a> is the oldest technical educational institution in Bulgaria. The institution started as a Maritime School, established in 1881 in <a href="/wiki/Ruse,_Bulgaria" title="Ruse, Bulgaria">Ruse</a>. After 1900 the now called Engineering School to the Fleet was moved to Varna and subsequently named as His Majesty's Naval Academy in 1942. In 1949, the Naval School adopted as its patron <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Vaptsarov" title="Nikola Vaptsarov">Nikola Vaptsarov</a>, a poet, who graduated the school in 1926, and received the name N. Y. Vaptsarov People's Naval School.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Varna" title="Medical University of Varna">Medical University Varna</a> was established in 1961 and is a recognised abroad as a leading institution for quality medical education. The university has attracted students from 44 countries and is partnering with 85 foreign institutions across the globe.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Varna" title="Technical University of Varna">Technical University of Varna</a> was founded in 1962 and was first established as Mechanical-Electrical Engineering Institute.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna_Free_University" title="Varna Free University">Chernorizets Hrabar Varna Free University</a>, founded in 1991, was the first private university after 1989. It specialises in International Economics and Administration, Law, and Architecture.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutes_and_colleges">Institutes and colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Institutes and colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are four <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Bulgarian Academy of Sciences">BAS</a> research institutes: Oceanology, Fisheries, Aero and Hydrodynamics, Metallography. The Institute of Oceanology (IO-BAS) has been active in <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_deluge_hypothesis" title="Black Sea deluge hypothesis">Black Sea deluge theory</a> studies and deepwater archaeology in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">UPenn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic</a>. </p><p>Colleges: </p> <ul><li>College of Tourism, University of Economics</li> <li>Higher School of Management</li></ul> <p>Other universities' local branches: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Bulgarian_University" title="New Bulgarian University">New Bulgarian University</a> Local Centre Varna</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantine_of_Preslav_University_of_Shumen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantine of Preslav University of Shumen (page does not exist)">Constantine of Preslav University of Shumen</a> Department of Information, Qualification and Continuing Education Varna</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_education">Secondary education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Secondary education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the top high schools are: </p> <ul><li>First Language School (English and German)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petar_Beron" title="Petar Beron">Dr. Petar Beron</a> Second High School of Mathematics</li> <li>Acad. Metodi Popov Third High School of Science and Mathematics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> Fourth Language School (French, English, Spanish and Portuguese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Exarch" title="John the Exarch">John Exarch</a> Fifth Language School (English, German, French and Russian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a> Eighth Language School (English, Russian, Italian, German and French)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_of_Preslav" title="Constantine of Preslav">Constantine of Preslav</a> National High School for the Humanities and Arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobri_Hristov" title="Dobri Hristov">Dobri Hristov</a> National School of Arts (instrumental and vocal music, dance, and visual arts)</li> <li>Private Trade School (offering opportunities for international students and distance education)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pencho_Slaveikov" class="mw-redirect" title="Pencho Slaveikov">Pencho Slaveikov</a> Public Library</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Varna has some of the finest and oldest museums, professional arts companies, and arts festivals in the nation and is known for its century-old traditions in visual arts, music, and book publishing, as well as for its bustling current hip hop and pop-culture scene. Over the past few decades, it developed as a festival centre of international standing. Varna is a front-runner for <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> for 2019, planning to open several new high-profile facilities such as a new opera house and concert hall, a new exhibition centre, and a reconstruction of the Summer Theatre, the historic venue of the <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concours_international_de_ballet_de_Varna" class="extiw" title="fr:Concours international de ballet de Varna">International Ballet Competition</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolphinarium_Varna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Dolphinarium_Varna.jpg/220px-Dolphinarium_Varna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Dolphinarium_Varna.jpg/330px-Dolphinarium_Varna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Dolphinarium_Varna.jpg/440px-Dolphinarium_Varna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Dolphinarium" title="Dolphinarium">Dolphinarium</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drazki-VNmuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Drazki-VNmuseum.jpg/220px-Drazki-VNmuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Drazki-VNmuseum.jpg/330px-Drazki-VNmuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Drazki-VNmuseum.jpg/440px-Drazki-VNmuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>National Naval Museum, on display <i><a href="/wiki/Drazki_torpedo_boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Drazki torpedo boat">Drazki torpedo boat</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NAOP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/NAOP.jpg/220px-NAOP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/NAOP.jpg/330px-NAOP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/NAOP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="272" /></a><figcaption>"Nicolaus Copernicus" Observatory and Planetarium</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_Archaeological_Museum" title="Varna Archaeological Museum">Varna Archaeological Museum</a> (founded 1888)</li> <li>Naval Museum (founded 1923)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Thermae_(Varna)" title="Roman Thermae (Varna)">Roman Baths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aladzha_Monastery" title="Aladzha Monastery">Aladzha Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Battle of Varna</a> Park Museum (founded 1924)</li> <li>Museum of Ethnography</li> <li>National Revival Museum</li> <li>History of Varna Museum</li> <li>History of Medicine Museum</li> <li>Health Museum (children's)</li> <li>Puppet Museum (antique puppets from Puppet Theatre shows)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgar</a> Settlement of <a href="/wiki/Phanagoria" title="Phanagoria">Phanagoria</a> ethnographical village (mockup, with historical reenactments)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarium" title="Aquarium">Aquarium</a> (founded 1912)</li> <li>Nicolaus Copernicus Observatory and Planetarium</li> <li>Naval Academy Planetarium</li> <li>Museum of Natural History<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Terrarium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna_Zoo" title="Varna Zoo">Varna Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphinarium" title="Dolphinarium">Dolphinarium</a> (founded 1984)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Galleries">Galleries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Galleries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Georgiev_City_Art_Gallery" title="Boris Georgiev City Art Gallery">Boris Georgiev City Art Gallery</a></li> <li>Georgi Velchev Gallery</li> <li>Modern Art Centre (Graffit Gallery Hotel)</li> <li>Print Gallery</li> <li>Numerous smaller fine and applied arts galleries<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts_professional_companies">Performing arts professional companies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Performing arts professional companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dramatheatrevarna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Dramatheatrevarna.jpg/220px-Dramatheatrevarna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Dramatheatrevarna.jpg/330px-Dramatheatrevarna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Dramatheatrevarna.jpg/440px-Dramatheatrevarna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1369" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stoyan_Bachvarov_Dramatic_Theatre" title="Stoyan Bachvarov Dramatic Theatre">Stoyan Bachvarov Dramatic Theatre</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Opera and Philharmonic Society (opera, symphonic and chamber music, ballet, and operetta performances; earliest philharmonic society founded 1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoyan_Bachvarov_Dramatic_Theatre" title="Stoyan Bachvarov Dramatic Theatre">Stoyan Bachvarov Drama Theatre</a> (founded 1921)</li> <li>State Puppet Theatre Varna<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in Bulgarian, founded 1952; often cited as the finest one in the nation, performances for children and adults)</li> <li>Bulgarian Theatre</li> <li>Varna Ensemble (traditional <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> and dance</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_performing_arts_groups">Other performing arts groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Other performing arts groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Morski Zvutsi Choir School (academic choirs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobri_Hristov" title="Dobri Hristov">Dobri Hristov</a> Choir School (academic choir)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_bands_and_artists">Notable bands and artists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notable bands and artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Zone_Project" title="Deep Zone Project">Deep Zone</a> (tech house/electro)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Zone_Project" title="Deep Zone Project">DJ Balthazar</a> (house)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Sha" title="Big Sha">Big Sha</a> and the Gumeni glavi (Rubber Heads) (hip hop)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/100_Kila" title="100 Kila">100 Kila</a> (hip hop)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitsa_Todorova" title="Elitsa Todorova">Elitsa Todorova</a> (ethnic & electro)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sacklarian" title="Stephen Sacklarian">Stephen Sacklarian</a> (artist)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelko_Kolarov" title="Nelko Kolarov">Nelko Kolarov</a> (composer, musician)</li> <li>Gery-Nikol Georgieva, <a href="/wiki/Gery-Nikol" title="Gery-Nikol">Gery-Nikol</a> (pop, R&B, club)</li> <li>Darina Yotova, <a href="/wiki/Dara_(Bulgarian_singer)" title="Dara (Bulgarian singer)">Dara</a> (pop, R&B)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concert_halls">Concert halls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Concert halls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schuke_organ_Varna_Bulgaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Schuke_organ_Varna_Bulgaria.jpg/220px-Schuke_organ_Varna_Bulgaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Schuke_organ_Varna_Bulgaria.jpg/330px-Schuke_organ_Varna_Bulgaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Schuke_organ_Varna_Bulgaria.jpg/440px-Schuke_organ_Varna_Bulgaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Festival Centre organ</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sport_Palace_Varna.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sport_Palace_Varna.JPG/220px-Sport_Palace_Varna.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sport_Palace_Varna.JPG/330px-Sport_Palace_Varna.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sport_Palace_Varna.JPG/440px-Sport_Palace_Varna.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Culture_and_Sports" title="Palace of Culture and Sports">Palace of Culture and Sports</a> also hosts trade shows</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Festival and Congress Centre (in Bulgarian, 1986; concerts, film, theatre and dance shows, exhibitions, trade shows)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Culture_and_Sports" title="Palace of Culture and Sports">Palace of Culture and Sports</a> (1968; sports events, concerts, film shows, exhibitions, trade shows, sports classes, fitness)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_arts_festivals">International arts festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: International arts festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In the Palace International Short Film Festival, founded in 2003, annual</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna_International_Ballet_Competition" title="Varna International Ballet Competition">Varna International Ballet Competition</a>, founded 1964 (biennial)</li> <li><i>Varna Summer</i> International Music Festival, founded 1926 (annual)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radar-festival.eu">RADAR Festival Beyond Music</a>, founded 2014 (annual)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movingbodyfest.com/">Moving Body Festival</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803152943/https://movingbodyfest.com/">Archived</a> 3 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, founded 2016 (annual)</li> <li><i>Without Borders</i><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International art forum and Festival – Varna, Albena, Balchik (biannual)</li> <li><i>Varna Summer</i> International Jazz Festival (annual)</li> <li>International May Choir Competition (annual)</li> <li>European Music Festival (annual)</li> <li><i>Operosa Euxinograd</i> opera festival (annual)</li> <li><i>Sea and Memories</i> international music festival devoted to popular sea songs (annual)</li> <li>International Folk Festival, (annual)</li> <li><i>Discovery</i> International Pop Festival (annual)</li> <li><i>Song on Three Seas</i> pop and rock competition (annual)</li> <li>Brazilian Culture Festival (annual)</li> <li><i>Varna Summer</i> International Theatre Festival (annual)</li> <li><i>Golden Dolphin</i> Intenrtional puppet festival (triennial)</li> <li><i>Under the Stars</i> arts festival (annual, theatre and opera)</li> <li><i>Zvezdna daga</i> children's competition (annual)</li> <li><i>Love is Folly</i> film festival (annual)</li> <li>International Festival of Red Cross & Health Films (biennial, founded in 1965) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://redcrossfilmfest.org/">International Red Cross Films Festival </a></li> <li>World Animation Festival (founded 1979, to resume in 2009)</li> <li>International Print Biennial (founded 1981)</li> <li><i>August in Art</i> festival of visual arts (triennial) (in Bulgarian)</li> <li><i>Videoholica</i> international art festival (annual)</li> <li><i>product</i> Festival of Contemporary Art (annual)</li> <li><i>Slavic Embrace</i> Slav poetry readings (annual)</li> <li><i>Fotosalon</i> (annual)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_events">National events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: National events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rose_Bulgarian_Feature_Film_Festival" title="Golden Rose Bulgarian Feature Film Festival">Golden Rose Bulgarian Feature Film Festival</a></li> <li><i>Got Flow</i> National Hip-Hop Dance Festival (annual)</li> <li>May Arts Saloon at Radio Varna</li> <li><i>Bulgaria for All</i> National Ethnic Festival (annual, minority authentic folklore)</li> <li><i>Dinyo Marinov</i> National Children's Authentic Folklore Music Festival</li> <li><i>Morsko konche</i> (<i>Seahorse</i>) children's vocal competition (annual, pop)</li> <li>Navy Day (second Sunday of August)</li> <li>Urban Folk Song Festival</li> <li>Christmas Folk Dance Competition</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_events">Local events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Local events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Easter music festival</li> <li>Classical guitar festival</li> <li><i>Golden Fish</i> fairy tale festival</li> <li><i>Kinohit</i> movie marathon</li> <li>Crafts fair (August 2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God_Cathedral,_Varna" title="Dormition of the Mother of God Cathedral, Varna">Dormition of the Theotokos</a> festival, cathedral patron, Varna Day (15 August)</li> <li>Beer Fest</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nicholas" title="Saint Nicholas">Saint Nicholas</a> Day (6 December)</li> <li>Christmas festival</li> <li>New Year's Eve concert and fireworks (Independence Square)</li> <li>Operosa Opera Festival</li> <li>Anifest (Anime, Manga and Japanese culture Festival)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Varna_in_fiction">Varna in fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Varna in fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Bram_Stoker" title="Bram Stoker">Bram Stoker</a>'s 1897 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Dracula" title="Dracula">Dracula</a></i> Varna was <a href="/wiki/Count_Dracula" title="Count Dracula">Count Dracula</a>'s "transportation hub" — the point of origin of the ship <i><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></i>, the initial destination of the Czarina Catherine, and the place where the vampire's annihilation was planned to be carried out.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Mechanic:_Resurrection" title="Mechanic: Resurrection">Mechanic: Resurrection</a></i> film, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lee_Jones" title="Tommy Lee Jones">Tommy Lee Jones</a>'s character Max Adams lives in Varna and the headquarters of his criminal organisation is based there.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gulyashki" title="Andrei Gulyashki">Andrei Gulyashki</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Avakoum_Zahov_versus_07" title="Avakoum Zahov versus 07">Avakoum Zahov versus 07</a></i> British spy 07 kidnapped Soviet physicist Konstantin Trofimov from a villa in Varna.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Trease" title="Geoffrey Trease">Geoffrey Trease</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_of_Varna" title="The Hills of Varna">The Hills of Varna</a></i> "the monastery at Varna" is a fictional place in the Balkans, not related to the real city.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/All_the_Year_Round" title="All the Year Round">All the Year Round</a></i> (Vol. 30), 1873 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> mentioned modern Varna when he visited the city as a war correspondent during the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> in 1854.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Garth_Greenwell" title="Garth Greenwell">Garth Greenwell</a>'s 2016 novel <i>What Belongs to You</i> Varna is the hometown of Mitko, the narrator's love interest, and a pivotal scene takes place in a hotel there.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As early as the 1880s, numerous daily and weekly newspapers were published in Bulgarian and several minority languages. Local newspapers include: <i>Cherno More</i>, <i>Chernomorie</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Dialog_(newspaper)" title="Dialog (newspaper)">Dialog</a></i>, <i>Narodno Delo</i>, <i>Pozvanete</i>, <i>Varna</i> (weekly), <i>Vlastta</i> (e-newspaper), <i>Varna Utre</i>. The national newspapers' local editions are <i>24 Chasa More</i>, <i>Morski Dnevnik</i>, <i>Morski Trud</i>. <i>Morski Sviat</i> and <i>Prostori</i> are the two major magazines published in Varna. </p><p>Local radio stations are Radio Varna opened in 1934, DarikNews (Varna), FM+ Varna, Radio Bravo, Alpha Radio (online radio). Local TV stations: BNT More, TV Cherno more, TV Varna. </p><p>Galaktika book publishing house occupied a prominent place nationally in the 1970–1990s, focusing on international sci-fi and marine fiction, contemporary non-fiction and poetry. Publishing houses in Varna include: <i>Alfiola</i> (New Age), <i>Alpha Print</i> (advertising), <i>Atlantis</i>, <i>Kompas</i>, <i>Liternet</i><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (poetry, fiction, non-fiction: electronic and print), Naroden Buditel (history), <i>Slavena</i> (history, children's books, travel, multimedia, advertising). </p><p>Web portals include: Varna Info<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (general info, English), Moreto.net<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (general info, news), Chernomore.bg<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (news), Ida.bg<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (general info, news), Varnaeye<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (tourism, history, events and business), Varna-guide<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (travel guide), Programata<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (cultural guide), Varna-sport.com<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (sports), Varna na mladite<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (youth), Zdravochnik.bg<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (health guide). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Varna_Sea_Garden_Sport_Complex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Varna_Sea_Garden_Sport_Complex.jpg/220px-Varna_Sea_Garden_Sport_Complex.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Varna_Sea_Garden_Sport_Complex.jpg/330px-Varna_Sea_Garden_Sport_Complex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Varna_Sea_Garden_Sport_Complex.jpg/440px-Varna_Sea_Garden_Sport_Complex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Sea Garden leisure centre</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympian_Swimming_pool,_Varna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Olympian_Swimming_pool%2C_Varna.jpg/220px-Olympian_Swimming_pool%2C_Varna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Olympian_Swimming_pool%2C_Varna.jpg/330px-Olympian_Swimming_pool%2C_Varna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Olympian_Swimming_pool%2C_Varna.jpg/440px-Olympian_Swimming_pool%2C_Varna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>"Julian Rusev" swimming pool</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football">Football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 19th century, Varna was considered the birthplace of Bulgarian football with a Swiss gym teacher, <a href="/wiki/Georges_de_Regibus" title="Georges de Regibus">Georges de Regibus</a>, coaching the first varsity team at the men's high school. Association football is the biggest spectator sport with two rival clubs in the nation's top professional league, <a href="/wiki/PFC_Cherno_More_Varna" title="PFC Cherno More Varna">Cherno More</a> (<i>the Sailors</i>), founded in 1913 and four times national champion, including the first championship in 1925, and <a href="/wiki/FC_Spartak_Varna" title="FC Spartak Varna">Spartak</a> (<i>the Falcons</i>), founded in 1918, one time champion and participant in the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Cup_Winners%27_Cup" title="UEFA Cup Winners' Cup">European Cup Winners' Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/1983%E2%80%9384_European_Cup_Winners%27_Cup" title="1983–84 European Cup Winners' Cup">1983</a>, when it reached the second knockout round and played <a href="/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C." title="Manchester United F.C.">Manchester United</a>. Few other football academies exist. In 2021 </p><p>From 1993 to 2003, <a href="/wiki/Women_Football_Club_Varna" title="Women Football Club Varna">Grand Hotel Varna</a> was a hegemon in the women football league, winning 10 consecutive titles. </p><p>By 2024, <a href="/wiki/Stadion_Spartak_(Varna)" title="Stadion Spartak (Varna)">Spartak Stadium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stadion_Ticha" title="Stadion Ticha">Ticha Stadium</a> are the biggest stadiums in town, since <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin_Stadium" title="Yuri Gagarin Stadium">Yuri Gagarin Stadium</a> demolition. <a href="/wiki/New_Varna_Stadium" title="New Varna Stadium">New Varna Stadium</a> is currently in construction on the place of Gagarin Stadium and is expected to become the biggest stadium in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Swimming">Swimming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Swimming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern Bulgarian swimming dates to 18 May 1923 when the Bulgarian Public Marine Union was established in Varna. The organisation was the first to manage and administer swimming as a sport in Bulgaria. Famous Bulgarian swimmers from Varna are Aleksi Aleksiev (aka the Pope), Milko Rachev (aka Brother Milko), Maria Nikolova, <a href="/wiki/Yulyan_Rusev" title="Yulyan Rusev">Julian Rusev</a>. Some of the leading swimming clubs are PSK Cherno More, KPS Asteri, KPS Torpedo, SKPS Albatros and KPS Cherno More. </p><p>Julian Rusev pool is the second oldest 50 m Olympic-size pool in the country, built in 1964 and located on the South beach in Varna. After a major redevelopment in 2008 council owned entity was established named Swimming Complex "Primorski". The 50m pool, now in line with <a href="/wiki/FINA" class="mw-redirect" title="FINA">FINA</a> pool criteria, was adjacent to the water polo and diving pool "Aleksi Aleksiev". Subsequently, a third 25 m covered pool was built next to the diving pool along with a SPA & gym centre. There are three other swimming pools in the city. </p><p>On the first Sunday of August the marathon "Galata – Varna" takes place, the oldest Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/Marathon_swimming" title="Marathon swimming">swimming marathon</a>. It dates back to 1939 and it attracts nearly 300 national and foreign swimmers. Bulgaria greatest swimmer <a href="/wiki/Petar_Stoychev" title="Petar Stoychev">Petar Stoychev</a> holds the all-time record of 46 min for swimming the 4.5 km open water distance, crossing the Varna Bay. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sports">Other sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Other sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Men's basketball (<a href="/wiki/BC_Cherno_More_Port_Varna" class="mw-redirect" title="BC Cherno More Port Varna">Euroins Cherno More</a>), women's volleyball, gymnastics, boxing, martial arts, sailing and tennis are also vibrant. A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karting_racing_and_a_go_kart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karting racing and a go kart (page does not exist)">karting racing and a go kart</a> track and a <a href="/wiki/Hippodrome" title="Hippodrome">hippodrome</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">horseback</a> <a href="/wiki/Equestrian_facility" title="Equestrian facility">riding school</a> is located in the Vinitsa neighborhood. Varna karting track is biggest track in Bulgaria .It has more than 30pcs rental go kart and 10 buggies. Another horse club is located just 10 minutes' drive away from Varna in the nearby village of <a href="/wiki/Kichevo,_Bulgaria" title="Kichevo, Bulgaria">Kichevo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asparuhov_most" class="mw-redirect" title="Asparuhov most">Asparuhov bridge</a> is a major Bulgarian <a href="/wiki/Bungee_jumping" title="Bungee jumping">bungee jumping</a> site managed by <i>Club Adrenalin</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> has been most recently introduced by ex-pats from cricket playing nations to the city's sport scene. </p><p>In August 2007 a new public leisure centre was opened in Mladost district. The track-field stadium consists of football, basketball and volleyball fields and is part of a larger complex of sports facilities for mini-golf, tennis, biking, mini-lakes and ice-skating. Other public leisure centres opened in the <a href="/wiki/Sea_Garden_(Varna)" title="Sea Garden (Varna)">Sea Garden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asparuhovo,_Varna" title="Asparuhovo, Varna">Asparuhov</a> Park and elsewhere. The number and range of gym and recreation clubs in Varna have increased in recent years, which reflects the healthy lifestyle of the average Varna citizens. </p><p>In the region, there are three <a href="/wiki/Golf_course" title="Golf course">golf courses</a>—Lighthouse Golf Club, BlackSeaRama Golf & Villas and Thracian Cliffs Golf & Beach Resort. The three 18-hole golf courses are of professional quality, constructed in the region to the north of the city in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Balchik" title="Balchik">Balchik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kavarna" title="Kavarna">Kavarna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Varna also hosts international competitions, including world championships, and national events in several sports on a regular basis, including auto racing and motocross, karting, open water swimming marathons. Bulgarian national basketball and volleyball teams host their games, including <a href="/wiki/FIVB_Volleyball_World_League" title="FIVB Volleyball World League">FIVB Volleyball World League</a> games, at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Culture_and_Sports" title="Palace of Culture and Sports">Palace of Culture and Sports</a>. </p><p>Varna athletes won one of the three medals for Bulgaria at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016 Summer Olympics</a> and four of the 12 medals at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy:_Other_places_named_Varna">Legacy: Other places named Varna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Legacy: Other places named Varna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Varna_Peninsula" title="Varna Peninsula">Varna Peninsula</a> on <a href="/wiki/Livingston_Island" title="Livingston Island">Livingston Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Shetland_Islands" title="South Shetland Islands">South Shetland Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> is named after Varna.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Varna,_Illinois" title="Varna, Illinois">Varna, Illinois</a>, a small town of 400 people, was named in this city's honour. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=War_of_Varna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="War of Varna (page does not exist)">War of Varna</a> was going on at the time. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Varnensky_District" title="Varnensky District">Varnensky District</a> and its administrative centre in the <a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_Oblast" title="Chelyabinsk Oblast">Chelyabinsk Oblast</a>, Russia are named in commemoration of the taking of Varna by the Russian army during the 1828–1829 <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1828%E2%80%931829)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)">Russo-Turkish War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Varna Drive, in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Canada, is named after this city. There is also a hamlet in southern Ontario (Huron County) named Varna.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Varna, an area just outside of Aarhus, Denmark. This was named after the Bulgarian city, because Baron Christian C. N. Gersdorff, a former owner of Marselisborg estate, had participated in Russian war service on the Black Sea coast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Category:People from Varna, Bulgaria">Category:People from Varna, Bulgaria</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/32px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/48px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/64px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bulgaria" title="Portal:Bulgaria">Bulgaria portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disappearance_of_Lars_Mittank" title="Disappearance of Lars Mittank">Disappearance of Lars Mittank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Bulgaria" title="List of airports in Bulgaria">List of airports in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Bulgaria" title="List of cities and towns in Bulgaria">List of cities and towns in Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Varna" title="List of mayors of Varna">List of mayors of Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nikolai,_Varna" title="St. Nikolai, Varna">St. Nikolai, Varna</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nsi.bg-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nsi.bg_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nsi.bg_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsi.bg/bg/content/2975/%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5-%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB">"Население по области, общини, местоживеене и пол | Национален статистически институт"</a>. <i>nsi.bg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nsi.bg&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB+%26%23124%3B+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnsi.bg%2Fbg%2Fcontent%2F2975%2F%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5-%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE-%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8-%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B1%25D1%2589%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8-%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5-%25D0%25B8-%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140730015529/http://www.bg-news.org/news101235_5">"Варна (Varna) Becomes Centre of the Black Sea Euro-Region (Bulgarian)"</a>. Bg-news.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bg-news.org/news101235_5">the original</a> on 30 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%28Varna%29+Becomes+Centre+of+the+Black+Sea+Euro-Region+%28Bulgarian%29&rft.pub=Bg-news.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bg-news.org%2Fnews101235_5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901114300/http://www.europeanyouthcapital.org/yfj/varna-bulgaria-awarded-european-youth-capital-2017/">"Varna awarded European Youth Capital"</a>. European Youth Capital. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europeanyouthcapital.org/yfj/varna-bulgaria-awarded-european-youth-capital-2017/">the original</a> on 1 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Varna+awarded+European+Youth+Capital&rft.pub=European+Youth+Capital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanyouthcapital.org%2Fyfj%2Fvarna-bulgaria-awarded-european-youth-capital-2017%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrande2009" class="citation book cs1">Grande, Lance (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RnE9Fa4pbn0C&q=varna+necropolis+oldest&pg=PA290"><i>Gems and gemstones: Timeless natural beauty of the mineral world</i></a>. The University of Chicago Press. p. 292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-30511-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-30511-0"><bdi>978-0-226-30511-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210221042853/https://books.google.com/books?id=RnE9Fa4pbn0C&q=varna+necropolis+oldest&pg=PA290">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2011</span>. <q>The oldest known gold jewelry in the world is from an archaeological site in Varna Necropolis, Bulgaria, and is over 6,000 years old (radiocarbon dated between 4,600BC and 4,200BC).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gems+and+gemstones%3A+Timeless+natural+beauty+of+the+mineral+world&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-226-30511-0&rft.aulast=Grande&rft.aufirst=Lance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRnE9Fa4pbn0C%26q%3Dvarna%2Bnecropolis%2Boldest%26pg%3DPA290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.varna.bg/en/189">"Tourism in Varna, section 4"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tourism+in+Varna%2C+section+4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.varna.bg%2Fen%2F189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150120122750/http://www.bnews.bg/article-78482">"Monument of the Vikings to be built near Varna"</a>. bnews.bg. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monument+of+the+Vikings+to+be+built+near+Varna&rft.pub=bnews.bg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnews.bg%2Farticle-78482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090124172602/http://bartleby.com/61/roots/IE575.html">"w-r- <i>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition</i>. 2000"</a>. Bartleby.com. 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Fünfte Auflage, 2014 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koeblergerhard.de/idgwbhin.html">Online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110223221231/http://www.koeblergerhard.de/idgwbhin.html">Archived</a> 23 February 2011 at Wikiwix).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223213142/http://www.archaeo.museumvarna.com/en/category/list?category_id=6&id=7">"Odessos, Thracians"</a>. Archaeological Museum Varna. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archaeo.museumvarna.com/en/category/list?category_id=6&id=7">the original</a> on 23 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vol. vii. p. 319.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geographica&rft.au=Strabo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span> Page numbers refer to those of <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Casaubon" title="Isaac Casaubon">Isaac Casaubon</a>'s edition. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_historica" title="Bibliotheca historica">Bibliotheca historica</a> (Historical Library)</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Campaigns+of+Ladislaus+of+Varna+and+John+Hunyadi+in+1443%E2%80%931444&rft.au=Apostolov%2C+Shanko+%28Director%2C+W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw+Warne%C5%84czyk+Park+Museum%2C+Varna%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vn.government.bg%2Fstranici%2Foblast%2F560%2Fshanko3.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKotzabassi" class="citation web cs1">Kotzabassi, Maria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blacksea.ehw.gr/Forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaID=11495">"Varna (Modern period)"</a>. Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033921/http://blacksea.ehw.gr/Forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaID=11495">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Varna+%28Modern+period%29&rft.pub=%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82+%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D&rft.aulast=Kotzabassi&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblacksea.ehw.gr%2FForms%2FfLemmaBodyExtended.aspx%3FlemmaID%3D11495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBSH1949" class="citation web cs1">BSH (21 December 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://varna.info.bg/english/name_of_varna_en.htm">"The names of Varna"</a>. Varna.info.bg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518183425/http://varna.info.bg/english/name_of_varna_en.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+names+of+Varna&rft.pub=Varna.info.bg&rft.date=1949-12-21&rft.au=BSH&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvarna.info.bg%2Fenglish%2Fname_of_varna_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.varna.bg/varna/varna.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718235831/http://www.varna.bg/varna/varna.htm">Archived</a> 18 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191219055305/http://geografia.kabinata.com/13.htm">"Черноморска област"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geografia.kabinata.com/13.htm">the original</a> on 19 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeografia.kabinata.com%2F13.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/sea_water.php">"Архив морска вода"</a>. <i>www.stringmeteo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217221229/https://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/sea_water.php">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stringmeteo.com&rft.atitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stringmeteo.com%2Fsynop%2Fsea_water.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Bulgaria/CSV/Varna_15552.csv">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Bulgaria-Varna"</a>. NOAA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991-2020%3A+Bulgaria-Varna&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FBulgaria%2FCSV%2FVarna_15552.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_155520_kt.pdf">"Klimatafel von Varna (Warna) / Schwarzes Meer / Bulgarien"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). Deutscher Wetterdinest<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klimatafel+von+Varna+%28Warna%29+%2F+Schwarzes+Meer+%2F+Bulgarien&rft.pub=Deutscher+Wetterdinest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDWD%2Fklima%2Fberatung%2Fak%2Fak_155520_kt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/bulgaria/varna-climate">"Varna, Bulgaria – Climate data"</a>. Weather Atlas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170405170058/http://www.weather-atlas.com/en/bulgaria/varna-climate">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Varna%2C+Bulgaria+%E2%80%93+Climate+data&rft.pub=Weather+Atlas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather-atlas.com%2Fen%2Fbulgaria%2Fvarna-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625103648/http://varna.bg/bg/articles/2866/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5.html">"Varna City Council"</a>. varna.bg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varna.bg/bg/articles/2866/Регистър_на_групите.html">the original</a> on 25 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Varna+City+Council&rft.pub=varna.bg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.varna.bg%2Fbg%2Farticles%2F2866%2F%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421081204/http://www.varna.bg/bg/articles/43/%D0%A0%D1%8A%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE.html">"Varna City Council Chair"</a>. Varna.bg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varna.bg/bg/articles/43/Ръководство.html">the original</a> on 21 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Varna+City+Council+Chair&rft.pub=Varna.bg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.varna.bg%2Fbg%2Farticles%2F43%2F%D0%A0%D1%8A%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090418051554/http://varna.court-bg.org/">"Окръжен съд Варна"</a>. Varna.court-bg.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://varna.court-bg.org/">the original</a> on 18 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B4+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.pub=Varna.court-bg.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvarna.court-bg.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grao.bg/tna/tab02.txt">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120620194059/http://www.grao.bg/tna/tab02.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grao.bg%2Ftna%2Ftab02.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dariknews.bg/view_article.php?article_id=204974">"Варна е най-добрият град за живеене в България – DARIK News"</a>. Dariknews.bg. 6 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080113151115/http://dariknews.bg/view_article.php?article_id=204974">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%E2%80%93+DARIK+News&rft.pub=Dariknews.bg&rft.date=2007-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdariknews.bg%2Fview_article.php%3Farticle_id%3D204974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.embassypages.com/city/varna">"Varna – Embassies and Consulates"</a>. Embassypages.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170228172128/https://www.embassypages.com/city/varna">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Varna+%E2%80%93+Embassies+and+Consulates&rft.pub=Embassypages.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.embassypages.com%2Fcity%2Fvarna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bnr.bg/en/post/101892421/the-russian-consulate-in-varna-has-finally-closed">"The Russian consulate in Varna has finally closed"</a>. BNR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Russian+consulate+in+Varna+has+finally+closed&rft.pub=BNR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbnr.bg%2Fen%2Fpost%2F101892421%2Fthe-russian-consulate-in-varna-has-finally-closed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://live.varna.bg/bg/Varna-worldwide/pobratimeni-gradove.html">"Побратимени градове"</a>. <i>live.varna.bg</i> (in Bulgarian). Varna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029123135/http://live.varna.bg/bg/Varna-worldwide/pobratimeni-gradove.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=live.varna.bg&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flive.varna.bg%2Fbg%2FVarna-worldwide%2Fpobratimeni-gradove.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/getdocument.aspx?logid=5&id=6D1CD1EF-78E7-4FFD-92FE-55F8CAF9E64C">"CEEOL Balkan Studies, Issue 2 /2004"</a>. Ceeol.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529151805/https://www.ceeol.com/error-pages/object-not-found?aspxerrorpath=%2Faspx%2Fgetdocument.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CEEOL+Balkan+Studies%2C+Issue+2+%2F2004&rft.pub=Ceeol.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Faspx%2Fgetdocument.aspx%3Flogid%3D5%26id%3D6D1CD1EF-78E7-4FFD-92FE-55F8CAF9E64C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgi_Gentchev" class="citation web cs1">Georgi Gentchev. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223062146/http://www.varna-bg.com/chronicle/varna_d/d_bib.htm">"varna sled 1876"</a>. Varna-bg.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varna-bg.com/chronicle/varna_d/d_bib.htm">the original</a> on 23 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=varna+sled+1876&rft.pub=Varna-bg.com&rft.au=Georgi+Gentchev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.varna-bg.com%2Fchronicle%2Fvarna_d%2Fd_bib.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706142758/http://www.geography.iit.bas.bg/2009/1-09/13-17.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geography.iit.bas.bg/2009/1-09/13-17.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geography.iit.bas.bg%2F2009%2F1-09%2F13-17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pop-stat.mashke.org/bulgaria-cities.htm">"Cities of Bulgaria"</a>. 3 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cities+of+Bulgaria&rft.date=2024-04-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpop-stat.mashke.org%2Fbulgaria-cities.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113220442/http://www.nsi.bg/otrasal.php?otr=19&a1=376&a2=377&a3=378">"National Statistical Institute – 2012"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsi.bg/otrasal.php?otr=19&a1=376&a2=377&a3=378">the original</a> on 13 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Statistical+Institute+%E2%80%93+2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsi.bg%2Fotrasal.php%3Fotr%3D19%26a1%3D376%26a2%3D377%26a3%3D378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grao.bg/tna/tab02.txt">"General Directorate of Citizens' Registration and Administrative Services: Population Chart by permanent and temporary address (for provinces, municipalities and settlements) as of 15 September 2010"</a> (in Bulgarian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120620194059/http://www.grao.bg/tna/tab02.txt">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Directorate+of+Citizens%27+Registration+and+Administrative+Services%3A+Population+Chart+by+permanent+and+temporary+address+%28for+provinces%2C+municipalities+and+settlements%29+as+of+15+September+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grao.bg%2Ftna%2Ftab02.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723212217/http://www.moreto.net/novini.php?n=71833&c=09&p=6">"По неофициални данни населението на Варна е над 550 000 хиляди души"</a>. Moreto.net. 14 January 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moreto.net/novini.php?n=71833&c=09&p=6">the original</a> on 23 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4+550+000+%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8&rft.pub=Moreto.net&rft.date=2010-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoreto.net%2Fnovini.php%3Fn%3D71833%26c%3D09%26p%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnevnik.bg/show/?storyid=410353">"Мрежа | Започва битката за детските градини | Общината: Не правете обсади, класирането ще е онлайн"</a>. Dnevnik.bg. 27 December 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114020751/http://www.dnevnik.bg/show/?storyid=410353">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0+%26%23124%3B+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8+%26%23124%3B+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%3A+%D0%9D%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%2C+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%89%D0%B5+%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD&rft.pub=Dnevnik.bg&rft.date=2007-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnevnik.bg%2Fshow%2F%3Fstoryid%3D410353&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnevnik.bg/show/?storyid=377043">"Varna, the City that Outran Statistics"</a> (in Bulgarian). Dnevnik.bg. 16 September 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090113180715/http://www.dnevnik.bg/show/?storyid=377043">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Varna%2C+the+City+that+Outran+Statistics&rft.pub=Dnevnik.bg&rft.date=2007-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnevnik.bg%2Fshow%2F%3Fstoryid%3D377043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080619041928/http://akcent.hit.bg/arhiv/br134/2-1.html">"Akcent newspaper home page"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://akcent.hit.bg/arhiv/br134/2-1.html">the original</a> on 19 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Akcent+newspaper+home+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fakcent.hit.bg%2Farhiv%2Fbr134%2F2-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080423004112/http://moreto.net/novini.php?n=18505&c=09&p=">"Варна | Варна ще се застрои до Бяла, смята зам.-кмет"</a>. Moreto.net. 22 February 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://moreto.net/novini.php?n=18505&c=09&p=">the original</a> on 23 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%26%23124%3B+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%89%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%2C+%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC.-%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82&rft.pub=Moreto.net&rft.date=2008-02-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmoreto.net%2Fnovini.php%3Fn%3D18505%26c%3D09%26p%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718190932/http://www.moreto.net/novini.php?n=31854&c=09">"Варна | Кирил Йорданов: Във Варна живеят близо 1 милион. 60% са без варненска регистрация"</a>. Moreto.net. 23 December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moreto.net/novini.php?n=31854&c=09">the original</a> on 18 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%26%23124%3B+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%3A+%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE+1+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD.+60%25+%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7+%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=Moreto.net&rft.date=2008-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moreto.net%2Fnovini.php%3Fn%3D31854%26c%3D09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/ac62c054-e29c-11dd-b1dd-0000779fd2ac.html">"/ Weekend / House & Home – Port in a storm"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. 17 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304125134/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/ac62c054-e29c-11dd-b1dd-0000779fd2ac.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=%2F+Weekend+%2F+House+%26+Home+%E2%80%93+Port+in+a+storm&rft.date=2009-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F2%2Fac62c054-e29c-11dd-b1dd-0000779fd2ac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tti.btk.mta.hu/images/2015/EM.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201114005610/https://tti.btk.mta.hu/images/2015/EM.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftti.btk.mta.hu%2Fimages%2F2015%2FEM.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625092104/http://www.chernomore.bg/jivot/2016-02-02/kak-dedite-ni-slozhiha-balgarski-pechat-na-varna">"Как дедите ни сложиха "български печат" на Варна"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chernomore.bg/jivot/2016-02-02/kak-dedite-ni-slozhiha-balgarski-pechat-na-varna">the original</a> on 25 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0+%22%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%22+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chernomore.bg%2Fjivot%2F2016-02-02%2Fkak-dedite-ni-slozhiha-balgarski-pechat-na-varna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsi.bg/ORPDOCS/Census2011_1.pop_by_age.xls">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130908134107/http://www.nsi.bg/ORPDOCS/Census2011_1.pop_by_age.xls">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsi.bg%2FORPDOCS%2FCensus2011_1.pop_by_age.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsi.bg/ORPDOCS/Census2011_4.pop_by_ethnos.xls">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521202356/http://www.nsi.bg/ORPDOCS/Census2011_4.pop_by_ethnos.xls">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsi.bg%2FORPDOCS%2FCensus2011_4.pop_by_ethnos.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategy.bg/FileHandler.ashx?fileId=200">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706143808/http://www.strategy.bg/FileHandler.ashx?fileId=200">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategy.bg%2FFileHandler.ashx%3FfileId%3D200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302025350/http://www.chernomore.bg/obshtestvo/2017-02-14/srednata-zaplata-vav-varna-e-915-lv">"Cherno more employment"</a>. Chernomore.bg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chernomore.bg/obshtestvo/2017-02-14/srednata-zaplata-vav-varna-e-915-lv">the original</a> on 2 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cherno+more+employment&rft.pub=Chernomore.bg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chernomore.bg%2Fobshtestvo%2F2017-02-14%2Fsrednata-zaplata-vav-varna-e-915-lv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081009221617/http://www.varna.bg/invest/iconom.htm">"-Община Варна-"</a>. Varna.bg. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varna.bg/invest/iconom.htm">the original</a> on 9 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=-%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0-&rft.pub=Varna.bg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.varna.bg%2Finvest%2Ficonom.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071212061259/http://www.propertywisebulgaria.com/article/logistic-park-varna-received-first-class-investor-certificate/id_562/catid_12">"Logistic Park Varna received First Class Investor Certificate – Daily News Article"</a>. Propertywisebulgaria.com. 8 February 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.propertywisebulgaria.com/article/logistic-park-varna-received-first-class-investor-certificate/id_562/catid_12">the original</a> on 12 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Logistic+Park+Varna+received+First+Class+Investor+Certificate+%E2%80%93+Daily+News+Article&rft.pub=Propertywisebulgaria.com&rft.date=2008-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.propertywisebulgaria.com%2Farticle%2Flogistic-park-varna-received-first-class-investor-certificate%2Fid_562%2Fcatid_12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160731145421/http://www.odessos-yard.bg/">"Odessos Shipyard Varna"</a>. <i>Odessos Shiprepair Yard</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odessos-yard.bg/">the original</a> on 31 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Odessos+Shiprepair+Yard&rft.atitle=Odessos+Shipyard+Varna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odessos-yard.bg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://port-varna.bg/content/10/files/GFO-2020.pdf">"Annual Financial Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Bulgarian). Port Varna<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Financial+Report&rft.pub=Port+Varna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fport-varna.bg%2Fcontent%2F10%2Ffiles%2FGFO-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170901114724/https://www.varna24.bg/novini/varna/Varna-vtora-v-stranata-po-predstoyashto-stroitelstvo-na-novi-zhilishta-702128">"Варна втора в страната по предстоящо строителство на нови жилища"</a>. <i>varna24.bg</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.varna24.bg/novini/varna/Varna-vtora-v-stranata-po-predstoyashto-stroitelstvo-na-novi-zhilishta-702128">the original</a> on 1 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=varna24.bg&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.varna24.bg%2Fnovini%2Fvarna%2FVarna-vtora-v-stranata-po-predstoyashto-stroitelstvo-na-novi-zhilishta-702128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170906040439/http://varnautre.bg/2016/04/22/12274/%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b5-%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%b9-%d0%b4%d0%be%d0%b1%d1%8a%d1%80-%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b4-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d0%b6%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b5-%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%b7">"Варна е "Най-добър град за живеене" и "Пазител на историята"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://varnautre.bg/2016/04/22/12274/%d0%b2%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%b5-%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%b9-%d0%b4%d0%be%d0%b1%d1%8a%d1%80-%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b4-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d0%b6%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b5-%d0%b8-%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%b7">the original</a> on 6 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B5+%22%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%22+%D0%B8+%22%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvarnautre.bg%2F2016%2F04%2F22%2F12274%2F%25d0%25b2%25d0%25b0%25d1%2580%25d0%25bd%25d0%25b0-%25d0%25b5-%25d0%25bd%25d0%25b0%25d0%25b9-%25d0%25b4%25d0%25be%25d0%25b1%25d1%258a%25d1%2580-%25d0%25b3%25d1%2580%25d0%25b0%25d0%25b4-%25d0%25b7%25d0%25b0-%25d0%25b6%25d0%25b8%25d0%25b2%25d0%25b5%25d0%25b5%25d0%25bd%25d0%25b5-%25d0%25b8-%25d0%25bf%25d0%25b0%25d0%25b7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://varnacitycard.com/">"Varna City Card – Explore Bulgaria's seaside capital & save money!"</a>. <i>Varna City Card</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190927124922/https://varnacitycard.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Varna+City+Card&rft.atitle=Varna+City+Card+%E2%80%93+Explore+Bulgaria%27s+seaside+capital+%26+save+money%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvarnacitycard.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2006" class="citation news cs1">Clark, Nick (1 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071029175202/http://travel.independent.co.uk/europe/article1778375.ece">"Bulgaria: Get the party started – Europe, Travel – The Independent"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.independent.co.uk/europe/article1778375.ece">the original</a> on 29 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Bulgaria%3A+Get+the+party+started+%E2%80%93+Europe%2C+Travel+%E2%80%93+The+Independent&rft.date=2006-10-01&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.independent.co.uk%2Feurope%2Farticle1778375.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080331122717/http://www.beachbulgaria.com/varna/news/grafitti_festival_en.html">"Graffiti Festival Organized in Varna resort, Bulgaria"</a>. Beachbulgaria.com. 26 May 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beachbulgaria.com/varna/news/grafitti_festival_en.html">the original</a> on 31 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Graffiti+Festival+Organized+in+Varna+resort%2C+Bulgaria&rft.pub=Beachbulgaria.com&rft.date=2006-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beachbulgaria.com%2Fvarna%2Fnews%2Fgrafitti_festival_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/4670136.stm">"In Pictures | Day in pictures"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 1 February 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402063610/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/4670136.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=In+Pictures+%26%23124%3B+Day+in+pictures&rft.date=2006-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fin_pictures%2F4670136.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235724/http://auction-victoria.com/image.asp?image=4358">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auction-victoria.com/image.asp?image=4358">the original</a> on 25 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauction-victoria.com%2Fimage.asp%3Fimage%3D4358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235727/http://catalog.libvar.bg/view/show_jpg_image.pl?MATERIAL=photo&image_id=67115563.401251512462638592429">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalog.libvar.bg/view/show_jpg_image.pl?MATERIAL=photo&image_id=67115563.401251512462638592429">the original</a> on 25 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.libvar.bg%2Fview%2Fshow_jpg_image.pl%3FMATERIAL%3Dphoto%26image_id%3D67115563.401251512462638592429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101205142141/http://www.varna-bulgaria.info/Photos/index.php?gallery=Modern%20and%20contemporary%20architecture%20in%20Varna&image=TheShip-Vanya_Karadjova.jpg">"TheShip – winner for best architect of 2005 for Vanya Karadjova"</a>. Varna Bulgaria Info. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varna-bulgaria.info/Photos/index.php?gallery=Modern%20and%20contemporary%20architecture%20in%20Varna&image=TheShip-Vanya_Karadjova.jpg">the original</a> on 5 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TheShip+%E2%80%93+winner+for+best+architect+of+2005+for+Vanya+Karadjova&rft.pub=Varna+Bulgaria+Info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.varna-bulgaria.info%2FPhotos%2Findex.php%3Fgallery%3DModern%2520and%2520contemporary%2520architecture%2520in%2520Varna%26image%3DTheShip-Vanya_Karadjova.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070711042123/http://nirvarna.net/downtown4.html">"Apollo Centre"</a>. The Sawyers Group, UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nirvarna.net/downtown4.html">the original</a> on 11 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apollo+Centre&rft.pub=The+Sawyers+Group%2C+UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nirvarna.net%2Fdowntown4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201125080017/https://ue-varna.bg/bg/p/7825/za-nas/istoria">"UE Varna History"</a>. <i>UE Varna</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ue-varna.bg/bg/p/7825/za-nas/istoria">the original</a> on 25 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UE+Varna&rft.atitle=UE+Varna+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fue-varna.bg%2Fbg%2Fp%2F7825%2Fza-nas%2Fistoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171003062114/http://www.museummaritime-bg.com/eng/Istoria/Istoria.html">"ВОЕННОМОРСКИ МУЗЕЙ"</a>. <i>www.museummaritime-bg.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museummaritime-bg.com/eng/Istoria/Istoria.html">the original</a> on 3 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.museummaritime-bg.com&rft.atitle=%D0%92%D0%9E%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98+%D0%9C%D0%A3%D0%97%D0%95%D0%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museummaritime-bg.com%2Feng%2FIstoria%2FIstoria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301184155/http://nature.museumvarna.com/en/">"Museum of natural history – Varna"</a>. <i>Приридонаучен музей – Варна</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nature.museumvarna.com/en/">the original</a> on 1 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%E2%80%93+%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.atitle=Museum+of+natural+history+%E2%80%93+Varna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnature.museumvarna.com%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.varna.bg/kult/galerii.htm">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090830083913/http://www.varna.bg/kult/galerii.htm">Archived</a> 30 August 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100902040926/http://www.vnpuppet.com/en">"State Puppet Theatre Varna"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vnpuppet.com/en">the original</a> on 2 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Puppet+Theatre+Varna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vnpuppet.com%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazandjiev" class="citation web cs1">Kazandjiev, Yasen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141016084148/http://scenderman.com/festival/">"- Scenderman – Artistic Network / Production / Management / Network -"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scenderman.com/festival/">the original</a> on 16 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Varna&rft.btitle=Geographical+Names+Data+Base&rft.pub=Natural+Resources+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fsearch-place-names%2Funique%3Fid%3DFCZQR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVarna%2C+Bulgaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Varna#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Varna">Bibliography of the history of Varna</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna,_Bulgaria&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Varna" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Varna">Varna</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Varna#Q6506" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Varna">Varna</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.varna.bg/en/index.html">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visit.varna.bg/en/index.html">Official Varna City Guide</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180617042822/http://varnaguide.eu/">Historical and Cultural Guide of Varna</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_of_Varna_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Varna_Province" title="Template:Varna Province"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Varna_Province" title="Template talk:Varna Province"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Varna_Province" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Varna Province"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_of_Varna_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Varna_Province" title="Varna Province">Varna Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksakovo_Municipality" title="Aksakovo Municipality">Aksakovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avren_Municipality" title="Avren Municipality">Avren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beloslav_Municipality" title="Beloslav Municipality">Beloslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byala_Municipality,_Varna_Province" title="Byala Municipality, Varna Province">Byala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalgopol_Municipality" title="Dalgopol Municipality">Dalgopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devnya_Municipality" title="Devnya Municipality">Devnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolni_Chiflik_Municipality" title="Dolni Chiflik Municipality">Dolni Chiflik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provadiya_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Provadiya Municipality">Provadiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvorovo_Municipality" title="Suvorovo Municipality">Suvorovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valchi_Dol_Municipality" title="Valchi Dol Municipality">Valchi Dol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna_Municipality" title="Varna Municipality">Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetrino_Municipality" title="Vetrino Municipality">Vetrino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bulgaria&#124;link=Bulgaria_Cities_and_towns_of_Bulgaria_(2011_census)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_of_Bulgaria" title="Template:Cities of Bulgaria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_of_Bulgaria" title="Template talk:Cities of Bulgaria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_of_Bulgaria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities of Bulgaria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bulgaria&#124;link=Bulgaria_Cities_and_towns_of_Bulgaria_(2011_census)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Bulgaria" title="List of cities and towns in Bulgaria">Cities and towns</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> (<i>2011 census</i>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city"><i>capital</i></a>)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Bulgaria"><img alt="Coat of arms of Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/160px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="679" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Varna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burgas" title="Burgas">Burgas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pleven" title="Pleven">Pleven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruse,_Bulgaria" title="Ruse, Bulgaria">Ruse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stara_Zagora" title="Stara Zagora">Stara Zagora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">50,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asenovgrad" title="Asenovgrad">Asenovgrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blagoevgrad" title="Blagoevgrad">Blagoevgrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrich" title="Dobrich">Dobrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabrovo" title="Gabrovo">Gabrovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskovo" title="Haskovo">Haskovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazardzhik" title="Pazardzhik">Pazardzhik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernik" title="Pernik">Pernik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shumen" title="Shumen">Shumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sliven" title="Sliven">Sliven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliko_Tarnovo" title="Veliko Tarnovo">Veliko Tarnovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vratsa" title="Vratsa">Vratsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yambol" title="Yambol">Yambol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aytos" title="Aytos">Aytos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botevgrad" title="Botevgrad">Botevgrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitrovgrad,_Bulgaria" title="Dimitrovgrad, Bulgaria">Dimitrovgrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupnitsa" title="Dupnitsa">Dupnitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorna_Oryahovitsa" title="Gorna Oryahovitsa">Gorna Oryahovitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kardzhali" title="Kardzhali">Kardzhali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlovo" title="Karlovo">Karlovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazanlak" title="Kazanlak">Kazanlak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyustendil" title="Kyustendil">Kyustendil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lom,_Bulgaria" title="Lom, Bulgaria">Lom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovech" title="Lovech">Lovech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana,_Bulgaria" title="Montana, Bulgaria">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Zagora" title="Nova Zagora">Nova Zagora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrich" title="Petrich">Petrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razgrad" title="Razgrad">Razgrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samokov" title="Samokov">Samokov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandanski" title="Sandanski">Sandanski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevlievo" title="Sevlievo">Sevlievo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Silistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolyan" title="Smolyan">Smolyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svishtov" title="Svishtov">Svishtov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targovishte" title="Targovishte">Targovishte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyan" title="Troyan">Troyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velingrad" title="Velingrad">Velingrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balchik" title="Balchik">Balchik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankya" title="Bankya">Bankya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkovitsa" title="Berkovitsa">Berkovitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byala_Slatina" title="Byala Slatina">Byala Slatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherven_Bryag" title="Cherven Bryag">Cherven Bryag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirpan" title="Chirpan">Chirpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elhovo" title="Elhovo">Elhovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etropole" title="Etropole">Etropole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotse_Delchev,_Blagoevgrad_Province" title="Gotse Delchev, Blagoevgrad Province">Gotse Delchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmanli" title="Harmanli">Harmanli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihtiman" title="Ihtiman">Ihtiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnobat" title="Karnobat">Karnobat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavarna" title="Kavarna">Kavarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knezha" title="Knezha">Knezha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostinbrod" title="Kostinbrod">Kostinbrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozloduy" title="Kozloduy">Kozloduy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezdra" title="Mezdra">Mezdra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesebar" title="Nesebar">Nesebar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Iskar" title="Novi Iskar">Novi Iskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Pazar,_Shumen_Province" title="Novi Pazar, Shumen Province">Novi Pazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panagyurishte" title="Panagyurishte">Panagyurishte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvomay" title="Parvomay">Parvomay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlikeni" title="Pavlikeni">Pavlikeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshtera" title="Peshtera">Peshtera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomorie" title="Pomorie">Pomorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popovo,_Bulgaria" title="Popovo, Bulgaria">Popovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provadia" title="Provadia">Provadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radnevo" title="Radnevo">Radnevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radomir_(town)" title="Radomir (town)">Radomir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakovski_(town)" title="Rakovski (town)">Rakovski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razlog" title="Razlog">Razlog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamboliyski" title="Stamboliyski">Stamboliyski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svilengrad" title="Svilengrad">Svilengrad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksakovo,_Bulgaria" title="Aksakovo, Bulgaria">Aksakovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bansko" title="Bansko">Bansko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belene" title="Belene">Belene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belogradchik" title="Belogradchik">Belogradchik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beloslav" title="Beloslav">Beloslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobov_Dol" title="Bobov Dol">Bobov Dol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhurishte" title="Bozhurishte">Bozhurishte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byala,_Ruse_Province" title="Byala, Ruse Province">Byala, Ruse Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepelare" title="Chepelare">Chepelare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devin,_Bulgaria" title="Devin, Bulgaria">Devin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devnya" title="Devnya">Devnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolni_Chiflik" title="Dolni Chiflik">Dolni Chiflik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dryanovo" title="Dryanovo">Dryanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulovo,_Bulgaria" title="Dulovo, Bulgaria">Dulovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_(town)" title="Elena (town)">Elena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elin_Pelin_(town)" title="Elin Pelin (town)">Elin Pelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galabovo" title="Galabovo">Galabovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Toshevo" title="General Toshevo">General Toshevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisarya,_Bulgaria" title="Hisarya, Bulgaria">Hisarya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isperih" title="Isperih">Isperih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostenets" title="Kostenets">Kostenets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotel,_Bulgaria" title="Kotel, Bulgaria">Kotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krichim" title="Krichim">Krichim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krumovgrad" title="Krumovgrad">Krumovgrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubrat_(town)" title="Kubrat (town)">Kubrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuklen" title="Kuklen">Kuklen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levski,_Pleven_Province" title="Levski, Pleven Province">Levski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukovit" title="Lukovit">Lukovit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyaskovets" title="Lyaskovets">Lyaskovets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyubimets" title="Lyubimets">Lyubimets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madan,_Smolyan_Province" title="Madan, Smolyan Province">Madan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momchilgrad" title="Momchilgrad">Momchilgrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omurtag_(town)" title="Omurtag (town)">Omurtag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryahovo" title="Oryahovo">Oryahovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perushtitsa" title="Perushtitsa">Perushtitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirdop" title="Pirdop">Pirdop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakitovo" title="Rakitovo">Rakitovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saedinenie,_Plovdiv_Province" title="Saedinenie, Plovdiv Province">Saedinenie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septemvri" title="Septemvri">Septemvri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeonovgrad" title="Simeonovgrad">Simeonovgrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simitli" title="Simitli">Simitli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slivnitsa" title="Slivnitsa">Slivnitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopot,_Plovdiv_Province" title="Sopot, Plovdiv Province">Sopot, Plovdiv Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sredets,_Burgas_Province" title="Sredets, Burgas Province">Sredets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straldzha" title="Straldzha">Straldzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svoge" title="Svoge">Svoge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tervel_(town)" title="Tervel (town)">Tervel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teteven" title="Teteven">Teteven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topolovgrad" title="Topolovgrad">Topolovgrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryavna" title="Tryavna">Tryavna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarevo" title="Tsarevo">Tsarevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutrakan" title="Tutrakan">Tutrakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tvarditsa,_Sliven_Province" title="Tvarditsa, Sliven Province">Tvarditsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varshets" title="Varshets">Varshets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliki_Preslav" title="Veliki Preslav">Veliki Preslav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakoruda" title="Yakoruda">Yakoruda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlatitsa" title="Zlatitsa">Zlatitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlatograd" title="Zlatograd">Zlatograd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aheloy" title="Aheloy">Aheloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apriltsi" title="Apriltsi">Apriltsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardino" title="Ardino">Ardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banya,_Plovdiv_Province" title="Banya, Plovdiv Province">Banya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak,_Bulgaria" title="Batak, Bulgaria">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batanovtsi" title="Batanovtsi">Batanovtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belitsa" title="Belitsa">Belitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belovo,_Bulgaria" title="Belovo, Bulgaria">Belovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borovo,_Ruse_Province" title="Borovo, Ruse Province">Borovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratsigovo" title="Bratsigovo">Bratsigovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bregovo" title="Bregovo">Bregovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breznik" title="Breznik">Breznik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byala,_Varna_Province" title="Byala, Varna Province">Byala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernomorets" title="Chernomorets">Chernomorets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalgopol" title="Dalgopol">Dalgopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debelets" title="Debelets">Debelets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrinishte" title="Dobrinishte">Dobrinishte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolna_Banya" title="Dolna Banya">Dolna Banya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolna_Mitropoliya" title="Dolna Mitropoliya">Dolna Mitropoliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolna_Oryahovitsa" title="Dolna Oryahovitsa">Dolna Oryahovitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolni_Dabnik" title="Dolni Dabnik">Dolni Dabnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dospat" title="Dospat">Dospat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragoman,_Bulgaria" title="Dragoman, Bulgaria">Dragoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunavtsi" title="Dunavtsi">Dunavtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dve_Mogili" title="Dve Mogili">Dve Mogili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzhebel" title="Dzhebel">Dzhebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glodzhevo" title="Glodzhevo">Glodzhevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godech" title="Godech">Godech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulyantsi" title="Gulyantsi">Gulyantsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurkovo" title="Gurkovo">Gurkovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadzhidimovo" title="Hadzhidimovo">Hadzhidimovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatievo" title="Ignatievo">Ignatievo</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskar_(town)" title="Iskar (town)">Iskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivaylovgrad" title="Ivaylovgrad">Ivaylovgrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kableshkovo,_Pomorie_Municipality" title="Kableshkovo, Pomorie Municipality">Kableshkovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalofer" title="Kalofer">Kalofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kameno" title="Kameno">Kameno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspichan" title="Kaspichan">Kaspichan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilifarevo" title="Kilifarevo">Kilifarevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klisura,_Plovdiv_Province" title="Klisura, Plovdiv Province">Klisura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kocherinovo" title="Kocherinovo">Kocherinovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koprivshtitsa" title="Koprivshtitsa">Koprivshtitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostandovo" title="Kostandovo">Kostandovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koynare" title="Koynare">Koynare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kresna" title="Kresna">Kresna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kran,_Stara_Zagora_Province" title="Kran, Stara Zagora Province">Kran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krivodol,_Bulgaria" title="Krivodol, Bulgaria">Krivodol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kula,_Bulgaria" title="Kula, Bulgaria">Kula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laki,_Plovdiv_Province" title="Laki, Plovdiv Province">Laki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letnitsa" title="Letnitsa">Letnitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loznitsa" title="Loznitsa">Loznitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maglizh" title="Maglizh">Maglizh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malko_Tarnovo" title="Malko Tarnovo">Malko Tarnovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marten,_Bulgaria" title="Marten, Bulgaria">Marten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizia_(town)" title="Mizia (town)">Мizia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedelino" title="Nedelino">Nedelino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaevo" title="Nikolaevo">Nikolaevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikopol,_Bulgaria" title="Nikopol, Bulgaria">Nikopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obzor" title="Obzor">Obzor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opaka" title="Opaka">Opaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Banya" title="Pavel Banya">Pavel Banya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polski_Trambesh" title="Polski Trambesh">Polski Trambesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pordim" title="Pordim">Pordim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravets" title="Pravets">Pravets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primorsko" title="Primorsko">Primorsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rila,_Bulgaria" title="Rila, Bulgaria">Rila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman,_Bulgaria" title="Roman, Bulgaria">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudozem" title="Rudozem">Rudozem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadovo" title="Sadovo">Sadovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapareva_Banya" title="Sapareva Banya">Sapareva Banya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnitsa,_Pazardzhik_Province" title="Sarnitsa, Pazardzhik Province">Sarnitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabla" title="Shabla">Shabla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivachevo" title="Shivachevo">Shivachevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavyanovo" title="Slavyanovo">Slavyanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slivo_Pole" title="Slivo Pole">Slivo Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyadovo" title="Smyadovo">Smyadovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sozopol" title="Sozopol">Sozopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strazhitsa" title="Strazhitsa">Strazhitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strelcha" title="Strelcha">Strelcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungurlare" title="Sungurlare">Sungurlare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suvorovo" title="Suvorovo">Suvorovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveti_Vlas" title="Sveti Vlas">Sveti Vlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tran,_Bulgaria" title="Tran, Bulgaria">Tran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trastenik" title="Trastenik">Trastenik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar_Kaloyan,_Razgrad_Province" title="Tsar Kaloyan, Razgrad Province">Tsar Kaloyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugarchin" title="Ugarchin">Ugarchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valchedram" title="Valchedram">Valchedram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valchi_Dol" title="Valchi Dol">Valchi Dol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varbitsa_(town)" title="Varbitsa (town)">Varbitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetovo" title="Vetovo">Vetovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetren,_Pazardzhik_Province" title="Vetren, Pazardzhik Province">Vetren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yablanitsa" title="Yablanitsa">Yablanitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zavet_(town)" title="Zavet (town)">Zavet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlataritsa" title="Zlataritsa">Zlataritsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahtopol" title="Ahtopol">Ahtopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfatar" title="Alfatar">Alfatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonovo" title="Antonovo">Antonovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balgarovo" title="Balgarovo">Balgarovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boboshevo" title="Boboshevo">Boboshevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyarovo" title="Bolyarovo">Bolyarovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boychinovtsi" title="Boychinovtsi">Boychinovtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brusartsi" title="Brusartsi">Brusartsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byala_Cherkva" title="Byala Cherkva">Byala Cherkva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiprovtsi" title="Chiprovtsi">Chiprovtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimovo" title="Dimovo">Dimovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glavinitsa" title="Glavinitsa">Glavinitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramada,_Bulgaria" title="Gramada, Bulgaria">Gramada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaolinovo" title="Kaolinovo">Kaolinovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermen" title="Kermen">Kermen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merichleri" title="Merichleri">Merichleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momin_Prohod" title="Momin Prohod">Momin Prohod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plachkovtsi" title="Plachkovtsi">Plachkovtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senovo,_Bulgaria" title="Senovo, Bulgaria">Senovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipka_(town)" title="Shipka (town)">Shipka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhindol" title="Suhindol">Suhindol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemen" title="Zemen">Zemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiten,_Burgas_Province" title="Kiten, Burgas Province">Kiten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madzharovo" title="Madzharovo">Madzharovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliska" title="Pliska">Pliska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">499-</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melnik,_Bulgaria" title="Melnik, Bulgaria">Melnik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>city status after the census of 01.02.2011:</i> Ignatievo, Kran</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bulgaria&#124;link=Bulgaria_Municipality_of_Varna" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Varna" title="Template:Varna"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Varna" title="Template talk:Varna"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Varna" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Varna"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bulgaria&#124;link=Bulgaria_Municipality_of_Varna" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Varna_Municipality" title="Varna Municipality">Municipality of Varna</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Varna</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamenar,_Varna_Province" title="Kamenar, Varna Province">Kamenar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazashko" title="Kazashko">Kazashko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantinovo,_Varna_Province" title="Konstantinovo, Varna Province">Konstantinovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Topoli,_Varna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topoli, Varna (page does not exist)">Topoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvezditsa,_Varna_Province" title="Zvezditsa, Varna Province">Zvezditsa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Varno_katedralo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Varno_katedralo.jpg/120px-Varno_katedralo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Varno_katedralo.jpg/180px-Varno_katedralo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Varno_katedralo.jpg/240px-Varno_katedralo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="841" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_Necropolis" title="Varna Necropolis">Varna Necropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Theotokos_Cathedral,_Varna" class="mw-redirect" title="Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral, Varna">Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral, Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna_Archaeological_Museum" title="Varna Archaeological Museum">Varna Archaeological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Garden_(Varna)" title="Sea Garden (Varna)">Sea Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoyan_Bachvarov_Dramatic_Theatre" title="Stoyan Bachvarov Dramatic Theatre">Stoyan Bachvarov Dramatic Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asparuhov_most" class="mw-redirect" title="Asparuhov most">Asparuhov most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Varna" title="Lake Varna">Lake Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nikolai,_Varna" title="St. Nikolai, Varna">St. Nikolai, Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticha_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticha Stadium">Ticha Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadion_Spartak_(Varna)" title="Stadion Spartak (Varna)">Spartak Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Gagarin_Stadium" title="Yuri Gagarin Stadium">Yuri Gagarin Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Varna_Stadium" title="New Varna Stadium">Georges de Regibus Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_culture" title="Varna culture">Varna culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Crusade of Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Vaptsarov_Naval_Academy" title="Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy">Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_University_of_Varna" title="Medical University of Varna">Medical University of Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Economics_Varna" title="University of Economics Varna">University of Economics Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Varna" title="Technical University of Varna">Technical University of Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PFC_Cherno_More_Varna" title="PFC Cherno More Varna">PFC Cherno More Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Spartak_Varna" title="FC Spartak Varna">FC Spartak Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Fratria" title="FC Fratria">FC Fratria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliakra_(Tall_ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaliakra (Tall ship)">Kaliakra (Tall ship)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Varna_(1201)" title="Siege of Varna (1201)">Siege of Varna (1201)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Varna" title="Siege of Varna">Siege of Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Battle of Varna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_Airport" title="Varna Airport">Varna Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Varna" title="Port of Varna">Port of Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varna_railway_station" title="Varna railway station">Varna railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Varna" title="Trolleybuses in Varna">Varna trolleybus system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Strashimirov" title="Anton Strashimirov">Anton Strashimirov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobri_Hristov" title="Dobri Hristov">Dobri Hristov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Kirkorov" title="Philipp Kirkorov">Philipp Kirkorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivailo_Marinov" title="Ivailo Marinov">Ivailo Marinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanya_Shtereva" title="Vanya Shtereva">Vanya Shtereva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Zwicky" title="Fritz Zwicky">Fritz Zwicky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Varna" title="Timeline of Varna">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bulgarian_Black_Sea_Coast" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bulgarian_Black_Sea_resorts" title="Template:Bulgarian Black Sea resorts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bulgarian_Black_Sea_resorts" title="Template talk:Bulgarian Black Sea resorts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgarian_Black_Sea_resorts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bulgarian Black Sea resorts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bulgarian_Black_Sea_Coast" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Black_Sea_Coast" title="Bulgarian Black Sea Coast">Bulgarian Black Sea Coast</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobrujan Black Sea coast</a><br /><span class="nobold">(Northern coast, <a href="/wiki/Dobrich_Province" title="Dobrich Province">Dobrich Province</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Albena" title="Albena">Albena</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alen_Mak" title="Alen Mak">Alen Mak</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Balchik" title="Balchik">Balchik</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balchishka_Tuzla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balchishka Tuzla (page does not exist)">Balchishka Tuzla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balgarevo" title="Balgarevo">Balgarevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolata" title="Bolata">Bolata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhurets" title="Bozhurets">Bozhurets</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dobruja,_Dobrich_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dobruja, Dobrich Province (page does not exist)">Dobruja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliakra" title="Kaliakra">Kaliakra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamen_Briag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamen Briag (page does not exist)">Kamen Briag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karvuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Karvuna">Karvuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavarna" title="Kavarna">Kavarna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos,_Dobrich_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos, Dobrich Province (page does not exist)">Kosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kranevo" title="Kranevo">Kranevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krapets,_Dobrich_Province" title="Krapets, Dobrich Province">Krapets</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rogachevo,_Dobrcih_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rogachevo, Dobrcih Province (page does not exist)">Rogachevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusalka,_Bulgaria" title="Rusalka, Bulgaria">Rusalka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabla" title="Shabla">Shabla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topola,_Dobrich_Province" title="Topola, Dobrich Province">Topola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyulenovo" title="Tyulenovo">Tyulenovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaylata,_Dobrich_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaylata, Dobrich Province (page does not exist)">Yaylata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesian Black Sea coast</a><br /><span class="nobold">(Central coast, <a href="/wiki/Varna_Province" title="Varna Province">Varna Province</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asparuhovo,_Varna" title="Asparuhovo, Varna">Asparuhovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Briz_(resort)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Briz (resort) (page does not exist)">Briz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byala,_Varna_Province" title="Byala, Varna Province">Byala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaika_(resort)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaika (resort) (page does not exist)">Chaika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chernomorets,_Varna_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chernomorets, Varna Province (page does not exist)">Chernomorets</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Golden_Sands" title="Golden Sands">Golden Sands</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Sands_Nature_Park" title="Golden Sands Nature Park">Golden Sands Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emona,_Bulgaria" title="Emona, Bulgaria">Emona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euxinograd" title="Euxinograd">Euxinograd</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fichoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fichoza (page does not exist)">Fichoza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galata,_Varna_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galata, Varna Province (page does not exist)">Galata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irakli_(beach)" title="Irakli (beach)">Irakli</a> (Burgas Province)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabakum,_Varna_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabakum, Varna Province (page does not exist)">Kabakum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchia_(biosphere_reserve)" title="Kamchia (biosphere reserve)">Kamchia (biosphere reserve)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resort_of_Kamchiya" title="Resort of Kamchiya">Kamchia (resort)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara_Dere" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara Dere">Kara Dere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna,_Varna_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna, Varna Province (page does not exist)">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obzor" title="Obzor">Obzor</a> (Burgas Province)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasha_Dere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasha Dere (page does not exist)">Pasha Dere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostor (page does not exist)">Prostor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakitnika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rakitnika (page does not exist)">Rakitnika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rai,_Varna_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rai, Varna Province (page does not exist)">Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riviera,_Varna_Province" title="Riviera, Varna Province">Riviera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantika,_Varna_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romantika, Varna Province (page does not exist)">Romantika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_Constantine_and_Helena,_Bulgaria" title="Saints Constantine and Helena, Bulgaria">Constantine and Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkorpilovtsi" title="Shkorpilovtsi">Shkorpilovtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunny_Day,_Varna_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunny Day, Varna Province (page does not exist)">Sunny Day</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trakata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trakata (page does not exist)">Trakata</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Varna</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thracian Black Sea coast</a><br /><span class="nobold">(Southern coast, <a href="/wiki/Burgas_Province" title="Burgas Province">Burgas Province</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agalina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agalina (page does not exist)">Agalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alepu" title="Alepu">Alepu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aheloy" title="Aheloy">Aheloy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahtopol" title="Ahtopol">Ahtopol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arapia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arapia (page does not exist)">Arapia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkutino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkutino (page does not exist)">Arkutino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atia,_Bulgaria" title="Atia, Bulgaria">Atia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Begliktash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Begliktash (page does not exist)">Begliktash</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Burgas" title="Burgas">Burgas</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernomorets" title="Chernomorets">Chernomorets</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chervenka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chervenka (page does not exist)">Chervenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyuni" title="Dyuni">Dyuni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evropa,_Burgas_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evropa, Burgas Province (page does not exist)">Evropa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gradina,_Burgas_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gradina, Burgas Province (page does not exist)">Gradina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kavatsite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kavatsite (page does not exist)">Kavatsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiten,_Burgas_Province" title="Kiten, Burgas Province">Kiten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolokita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolokita (page does not exist)">Kolokita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koral,_Burgas_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koral, Burgas Province (page does not exist)">Koral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosharitsa" title="Kosharitsa">Kosharitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kraimorie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kraimorie (page does not exist)">Kraimorie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lazurno_More&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lazurno More (page does not exist)">Lazurno More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozenets,_Burgas_Province" title="Lozenets, Burgas Province">Lozenets</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nesebar" title="Nesebar">Nesebar</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nestinarka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nestinarka (page does not exist)">Nestinarka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perla,_Burgas_Province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perla, Burgas Province (page does not exist)">Perla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomorie" title="Pomorie">Pomorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primorsko" title="Primorsko">Primorsko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raiski_Zaliv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raiski Zaliv (page does not exist)">Raiski Zaliv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravda" title="Ravda">Ravda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezovo" title="Rezovo">Rezovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robinzon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robinzon (page does not exist)">Robinzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ropotamo" title="Ropotamo">Ropotamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarafovo" title="Sarafovo">Sarafovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silistar" title="Silistar">Silistar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinemorets" title="Sinemorets">Sinemorets</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smokinya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smokinya (page does not exist)">Smokinya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sozopol" title="Sozopol">Sozopol</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sunny_Beach" title="Sunny Beach">Sunny Beach</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Anastasia_Island" title="St. Anastasia Island">St. Anastasia Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Cyricus_Island" title="St. Cyricus Island">St. Cyricus Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Ivan_Island" title="St. Ivan Island">St. Ivan Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter_Island,_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter Island, Bulgaria">St. Peter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Island" title="St. Thomas Island">St. Thomas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomoplo" title="Stomoplo">Stomoplo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandzha_Nature_Park" title="Strandzha Nature Park">Strandzha Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveti_Vlas" title="Sveti Vlas">Sveti Vlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsarevo" title="Tsarevo">Tsarevo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veselie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veselie (page does not exist)">Veselie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varvara,_Burgas_Province" title="Varvara, Burgas Province">Varvara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zlatna_Ribka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zlatna Ribka (page does not exist)">Zlatna Ribka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Bulgaria" title="Tourism in Bulgaria">Tourism in Bulgaria</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Youth_Capitals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Youth_Capital" title="Template:European Youth Capital"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></li> <li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj-Napoca</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/Ganja,_Azerbaijan" title="Ganja, Azerbaijan">Ganja</a></li> <li>2017 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Varna</a></li> <li>2018 <a href="/wiki/Cascais" title="Cascais">Cascais</a></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></li> <li>2020 <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></li> <li>2023 <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a></li> <li>2024 <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a></li> <li>2025 <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a></li> <li>2026 <a href="/wiki/Troms%C3%B8_(city)" title="Tromsø (city)">Tromsø</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6506#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6506#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6506#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/145404525">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206007/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkMPMpYTxKjvf9BDr3bBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4107573-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79088922">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16974261q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16974261q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Varna (Bulharsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134563&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007547795205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/0d6f4c1c-10de-45c9-8e6a-b9ffd9213fd4">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/191469416">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" 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