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class="ds-work-card--work-title">Dissecting a potential spandrel of adaptive radiation: Body depth and pectoral fin ecomorphology coevolve in Lake Malawi cichlid fishes</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="171988268" href="https://konstanz.academia.edu/DarrinHulsey"><img alt="Profile image of Darrin Hulsey" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Darrin Hulsey</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2018, Ecology and Evolution</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" 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data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/118208968/Dissecting_a_potential_spandrel_of_adaptive_radiation_Body_depth_and_pectoral_fin_ecomorphology_coevolve_in_Lake_Malawi_cichlid_fishes" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="30085448" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30085448/The_adaptive_radiation_of_cichlid_fish_in_lake_tanganyika_a_morphological_perspective">The adaptive radiation of cichlid fish in lake tanganyika: a morphological perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a 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This lake harbours about 250 species of cichlid fish, which are highly diverse in terms of morphology, behaviour, and ecology. Lake Tanganyika&#39;s cichlid diversity has evolved through explosive speciation and is treated as a textbook example of adaptive radiation, the rapid differentiation of a single ancestor into an array of species that differ in traits used to exploit their environments and resources. To elucidate the processes and mechanisms underlying the rapid speciation and adaptive radiation of Lake Tanganyika&#39;s cichlid species assemblage it is important to integrate evidence from several lines of research. Great efforts have been, are, and certainly will be taken to solve the mystery of how so many cichlid species evolved in so little time. In the present review, we summarize morphological studies that relate to the adaptive radiation of Lake Tanganyika&#39;s cichlids and highlight their im...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The adaptive radiation of cichlid fish in lake tanganyika: a morphological perspective","attachmentId":50537621,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30085448/The_adaptive_radiation_of_cichlid_fish_in_lake_tanganyika_a_morphological_perspective","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30085448/The_adaptive_radiation_of_cichlid_fish_in_lake_tanganyika_a_morphological_perspective"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="77154256" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77154256/Report_an_Adaptive_Radiation_of_Cichlid_Fishes">Report an Adaptive Radiation of Cichlid Fishes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33223928" href="https://unibasel.academia.edu/AdrianIndermaur">Adrian Indermaur</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The recurrent evolution of convergent forms is a widespread phenomenon in adaptive radiations (e.g., [1–9]). For example, similar ecotypes of anoles lizards have evolved on different islands of the Caribbean [2, 6], benthic-limnetic species pairs of stickleback fish emerged repeatedly in postglacial lakes [1, 3], equivalent sets of spider ecomorphs have arisen on Hawaiian islands [7, 8], and a whole set of convergent species pairs of cichlid fishes evolved in East African Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika [10, 11]. In all these cases, convergent phenotypes originated in geographic isolation from each other. Recent theoretical models, however, predict that convergence should be common within species-rich communities [12, 13], such as species assemblages resulting from adaptive radiations. Here, we present the most extensive quantitative analysis to date of an adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes, discovering multiple instances of convergence in body and trophic morphology. 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Nearshore sites are categorized according to their bottom substrate, rock or sand, and these habitats host divergent assemblages of cichlid fishes. Sexual selection driven by mate choice in cichlids led to spectacular diversification in male nuptial coloration. This suggests that the spectral radiance contrast of fish, the main determinant of visibility under water, plays a crucial role in cichlid visual communication. This study provides the first detailed description of underwater irradiance, radiance and beam attenuation at selected sites representing two major habitats in Lake Malawi. These quantities are essential for estimating radiance contrast and, thus, the constraints imposed on fish body coloration. Irradiance spectra in the sand habitat were shifted to longer wavelengths compared with those in the rock habitat. Beam attenuation in the sand habitat was higher than in the rock habitat. The effects ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The underwater photic environment of Cape Maclear, Lake Malawi: comparison between rock- and sand-bottom habitats and implications for cichlid fish vision","attachmentId":44617910,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14087649/The_underwater_photic_environment_of_Cape_Maclear_Lake_Malawi_comparison_between_rock_and_sand_bottom_habitats_and_implications_for_cichlid_fish_vision","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14087649/The_underwater_photic_environment_of_Cape_Maclear_Lake_Malawi_comparison_between_rock_and_sand_bottom_habitats_and_implications_for_cichlid_fish_vision"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="107969005" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107969005/Lake_Malawi_cichlid_evolution_along_a_benthic_limnetic_axis">Lake Malawi cichlid evolution along a benthic/limnetic axis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="171988268" href="https://konstanz.academia.edu/DarrinHulsey">Darrin Hulsey</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ecology and evolution, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Divergence along a benthic to limnetic habitat axis is ubiquitous in aquatic systems. However, this type of habitat divergence has largely been examined in low diversity, high latitude lake systems. In this study, we examined the importance of benthic and limnetic divergence within the incredibly species-rich radiation of Lake Malawi cichlid fishes. Using novel phylogenetic reconstructions, we provided a series of hypotheses regarding the evolutionary relationships among 24 benthic and limnetic species that suggests divergence along this axis has occurred multiple times within Lake Malawi cichlids. Because pectoral fin morphology is often associated with divergence along this habitat axis in other fish groups, we investigated divergence in pectoral fin muscles in these benthic and limnetic cichlid species. We showed that the eight pectoral fin muscles and fin area generally tended to evolve in a tightly correlated manner in the Lake Malawi cichlids. Additionally, we found that large...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lake Malawi cichlid evolution along a benthic/limnetic axis","attachmentId":106481570,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107969005/Lake_Malawi_cichlid_evolution_along_a_benthic_limnetic_axis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107969005/Lake_Malawi_cichlid_evolution_along_a_benthic_limnetic_axis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="116143533" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116143533/Habitat_use_and_its_implications_to_functional_morphology_niche_partitioning_and_the_evolution_of_locomotory_morphology_in_Lake_Tanganyikan_cichlids_Perciformes_Cichlidae_">Habitat use and its implications to functional morphology: niche partitioning and the evolution of locomotory morphology in Lake Tanganyikan cichlids (Perciformes: Cichlidae)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33223928" href="https://unibasel.academia.edu/AdrianIndermaur">Adrian Indermaur</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biological Journal of The Linnean Society, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link 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href="https://www.academia.edu/116143533/Habitat_use_and_its_implications_to_functional_morphology_niche_partitioning_and_the_evolution_of_locomotory_morphology_in_Lake_Tanganyikan_cichlids_Perciformes_Cichlidae_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="116143532" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116143532/Drivers_and_dynamics_of_a_massive_adaptive_radiation_in_cichlid_fishes">Drivers and dynamics of a massive adaptive radiation in cichlid fishes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33223928" href="https://unibasel.academia.edu/AdrianIndermaur">Adrian Indermaur</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nature, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Drivers and dynamics of a massive adaptive radiation in cichlid fishes","attachmentId":112354817,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/116143532/Drivers_and_dynamics_of_a_massive_adaptive_radiation_in_cichlid_fishes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/116143532/Drivers_and_dynamics_of_a_massive_adaptive_radiation_in_cichlid_fishes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="13944135" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13944135/Convergent_Evolution_within_an_Adaptive_Radiation_of_Cichlid_Fishes">Convergent Evolution within an Adaptive Radiation of Cichlid Fishes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33000873" href="https://sheffield.academia.edu/MoritzMuschick">Moritz Muschick</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33223928" href="https://unibasel.academia.edu/AdrianIndermaur">Adrian Indermaur</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Current Biology, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button 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18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="13854392" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13854392/The_genomic_substrate_for_adaptive_radiation_in_African_cichlid_fish">The genomic substrate for adaptive radiation in African cichlid fish</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32961435" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LuisSanchezpulido">Luis Sanchez-pulido</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32946793" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/HansHofmann">Hans Hofmann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nature, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The genomic substrate for adaptive radiation in African cichlid fish","attachmentId":44875864,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13854392/The_genomic_substrate_for_adaptive_radiation_in_African_cichlid_fish","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13854392/The_genomic_substrate_for_adaptive_radiation_in_African_cichlid_fish"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="46990741" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/46990741/Evolution_of_a_cichlid_fish_in_a_Lake_Malawi_satellite_lake">Evolution of a cichlid fish in a Lake Malawi satellite lake</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30768625" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GaryCarvalho">Gary Carvalho</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution of a cichlid fish in a Lake Malawi satellite lake","attachmentId":66324912,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/46990741/Evolution_of_a_cichlid_fish_in_a_Lake_Malawi_satellite_lake","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/46990741/Evolution_of_a_cichlid_fish_in_a_Lake_Malawi_satellite_lake"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="83942601" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83942601/Adaptive_speciation_and_sexual_dimorphism_contribute_to_diversity_in_form_and_function_in_the_adaptive_radiation_of_Lake_Matano_s_sympatric_roundfin_sailfin_silversides">Adaptive speciation and sexual dimorphism contribute to diversity in form and function in the adaptive radiation of Lake Matano’s sympatric roundfin sailfin silversides</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5140004" href="https://uni-bonn.academia.edu/FriedrichWilhelmMiesen">Friedrich Wilhelm Miesen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Adaptive speciation and sexual dimorphism contribute to diversity in form and function in the adaptive radiation of Lake Matano’s sympatric roundfin sailfin silversides","attachmentId":89128280,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83942601/Adaptive_speciation_and_sexual_dimorphism_contribute_to_diversity_in_form_and_function_in_the_adaptive_radiation_of_Lake_Matano_s_sympatric_roundfin_sailfin_silversides","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83942601/Adaptive_speciation_and_sexual_dimorphism_contribute_to_diversity_in_form_and_function_in_the_adaptive_radiation_of_Lake_Matano_s_sympatric_roundfin_sailfin_silversides"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="92408957" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92408957/Selection_hybridization_and_the_evolution_of_morphology_in_the_Lake_Mala%C5%B5i_endemic_cichlids_of_the_genus_Labeotropheus">Selection, hybridization, and the evolution of morphology in the Lake Malaŵi endemic cichlids of the genus Labeotropheus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="126680475" href="https://davidson.academia.edu/keshapatel">kesha patel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific Reports, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="52030904" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52030904/The_coincidence_of_ecological_opportunity_with_hybridization_explains_rapid_adaptive_radiation_in_Lake_Mweru_cichlid_fishes">The coincidence of ecological opportunity with hybridization explains rapid adaptive radiation in Lake Mweru cichlid fishes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="98348964" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/JoanaMeier">Joana Meier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nature Communications</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/JacquelineWebb5">Jacqueline Webb</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic and developmental origins of a unique foraging adaptation in a Lake Malawi cichlid genus","attachmentId":117511950,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122963974/Genetic_and_developmental_origins_of_a_unique_foraging_adaptation_in_a_Lake_Malawi_cichlid_genus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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