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class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32847274" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatrikNosil"><img alt="Profile image of Patrik Nosil" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Patrik Nosil</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33000873" href="https://sheffield.academia.edu/MoritzMuschick"><img alt="Profile image of Moritz Muschick" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Moritz Muschick</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2014, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" 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We developed an individual-based model of clade diversification to predict macroevolutionary dynamics when resource competition, genetic differentiation, and landscape fluctuations interact. Diversification begins with a phase of geographic adaptive radiation. Extinction rates rise sharply at the onset of the next phase. In this phase of niche self-structuring, speciation and extinction processes, albeit driven by biotic mechanisms (competition and hybridization), have essentially constant rates, determined primarily by the abiotic pace of landscape dynamics. The final phase of diversification begins when intense competition prevents dispersing individuals from establishing new populations. Species’ ranges shrink, causing negative diversity-dependence of speciation rates. These results show how ecological and microev...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Clade diversification dynamics and the biotic and abiotic controls of speciation and extinction rates","attachmentId":97346653,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95060165/Clade_diversification_dynamics_and_the_biotic_and_abiotic_controls_of_speciation_and_extinction_rates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95060165/Clade_diversification_dynamics_and_the_biotic_and_abiotic_controls_of_speciation_and_extinction_rates"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="7666581" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7666581/Adaptive_Dynamics_of_Speciation_Ecological_Underpinnings">Adaptive Dynamics of Speciation: Ecological Underpinnings</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13921120" href="https://uni-freiburg.academia.edu/G%C3%A9zaMesz%C3%A9na">Géza Meszéna</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Adaptive Dynamics of Speciation: Ecological Underpinnings","attachmentId":34202359,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7666581/Adaptive_Dynamics_of_Speciation_Ecological_Underpinnings","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7666581/Adaptive_Dynamics_of_Speciation_Ecological_Underpinnings"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="39105504" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39105504/Building_trophic_specializations_that_result_in_substantial_niche_partitioning_within_a_young_adaptive_radiation">Building trophic specializations that result in substantial niche partitioning within a young adaptive radiation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44148480" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HernandezLuzPatricia">Luz Patricia Hernandez</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Anatomy, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Dietary partitioning often accompanies the increased morphological diversity seen during adaptive radiations within aquatic systems. While such niche partitioning would be expected in older radiations, it is unclear how significant morphological divergence occurs within a shorter time period. Here we show how differential growth in key elements of the feeding mechanism can bring about pronounced functional differences among closely related species. An incredibly young adaptive radiation of three Cyprinodon species residing within hypersaline lakes in San Salvador Island, Bahamas, has recently been described. Characterized by distinct head shapes, gut content analyses revealed three discrete feeding modes in these species: basal detritivory as well as derived durophagy and lepidophagy (scale-feeding). We dissected, cleared and stained, and micro-CT scanned species to assess functionally relevant differences in craniofacial musculoskeletal elements. The widespread feeding mode previously described for cyprinodontiforms, in which the force of the bite may be secondary to the requisite dexterity needed to pick at food items, is modified within both the scale specialist and the durophagous species. While the scale specialist has greatly emphasized maxillary retraction, using it to overcome the poor mechanical advantage associated with scale-eating, the durophage has instead stabilized the maxilla. In all species the bulk of the adductor musculature is composed of AM A1. However, the combined masses of both adductor mandibulae (AM) A1 and A3 in the scale specialist were five times that of the other species, showing the importance of growth in functional divergence. The scale specialist combines plesiomorphic jaw mechanisms with both a hypertrophied AM A1 and a slightly modified maxillary anatomy (with substantial functional implications) to generate a bite that is both strong and allows a wide range of motion in the upper jaw, two attributes that normally tradeoff mechanically. Thus, a significant feeding innovation (scale-eating, rarely seen in fishes) may evolve based largely on allometric changes in ancestral structures. Alternatively, the durophage shows reduced growth with foreshortened jaws that are stabilized by an immobile maxilla. Overall, scale specialists showed the most divergent morphology, suggesting that selection for scale-biting might be stronger or act on a greater number of traits than selection for either detritivory or durophagy. The scale specialist has colonized an adaptive peak that few lineages have climbed. Thus, heterochronic changes in growth can quickly produce functionally relevant change among closely related species.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Building trophic specializations that result in substantial niche partitioning within a young adaptive radiation","attachmentId":59224645,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39105504/Building_trophic_specializations_that_result_in_substantial_niche_partitioning_within_a_young_adaptive_radiation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39105504/Building_trophic_specializations_that_result_in_substantial_niche_partitioning_within_a_young_adaptive_radiation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="82216470" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82216470/Diversification_dynamics_and_non_parallel_evolution_along_an_ecological_gradient_in_African_cichlid_fishes">Diversification dynamics and (non-)parallel evolution along an ecological gradient in African cichlid fishes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57122895" href="https://unibasel.academia.edu/JelenaRajkov">Jelena Rajkov</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Understanding the drivers and dynamics of diversification is a central topic in evolutionary biology. Here, we investigated the dynamics of diversification in the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni that diverged along a lake-stream environmental gradient. Whole-genome and morphometric analyses revealed that divergent selection was essential at the early stages of diversification, but that periods in allopatry were likely involved towards the completion of speciation. While morphological differentiation was continuous, genomic differentiation was not, as shown by two clearly separated categories of genomic differentiation. Reproductive isolation increased along a continuum of genomic divergence, with a “grey zone” of speciation at ∼0.1% net nucleotide divergence. The quantification of the extent of (non-)parallelism in nine lake-stream population pairs from four cichlid species by means of multivariate analyses revealed one parallel axis of genomic and morphological differentiation a...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Diversification dynamics and (non-)parallel evolution along an ecological gradient in African cichlid fishes","attachmentId":87993323,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82216470/Diversification_dynamics_and_non_parallel_evolution_along_an_ecological_gradient_in_African_cichlid_fishes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82216470/Diversification_dynamics_and_non_parallel_evolution_along_an_ecological_gradient_in_African_cichlid_fishes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="23300194" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23300194/Morphological_innovation_diversification_and_invasion_of_a_new_adaptive_zone">Morphological innovation, diversification and invasion of a new adaptive zone</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45192941" href="https://umass.academia.edu/ElizabethDumont">Elizabeth Dumont</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Morphological innovation, diversification and invasion of a new adaptive zone","attachmentId":43762921,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23300194/Morphological_innovation_diversification_and_invasion_of_a_new_adaptive_zone","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23300194/Morphological_innovation_diversification_and_invasion_of_a_new_adaptive_zone"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="4065860" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4065860/Adaptive_radiation_the_interaction_of_ecological_opportunity_adaptation_and_speciation">Adaptive radiation: the interaction of ecological opportunity, adaptation, and speciation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4897539" href="https://ucdavis.academia.edu/DLukeMahler">D. Luke Mahler</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolution Since Darwin: The First 150 Years, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Adaptive radiation: the interaction of ecological opportunity, adaptation, and speciation","attachmentId":31596630,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4065860/Adaptive_radiation_the_interaction_of_ecological_opportunity_adaptation_and_speciation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4065860/Adaptive_radiation_the_interaction_of_ecological_opportunity_adaptation_and_speciation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":45022113,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":45022113,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_45022113" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/MichaelHochberg">Michael Hochberg</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A conceptual framework for the evolution of ecological specialisation","attachmentId":5451107,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/902507/A_conceptual_framework_for_the_evolution_of_ecological_specialisation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/902507/A_conceptual_framework_for_the_evolution_of_ecological_specialisation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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