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class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Pennsylvania</p></div></div></ul></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50346890" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_and_Environmental_Science"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoiravanStaaden","location":"/MoiravanStaaden","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/MoiravanStaaden","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Earth and Environmental Science"]}" data-trace="false" 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data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-4b1fd302-eb19-437f-b2ff-bd1373fdc28f"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-4b1fd302-eb19-437f-b2ff-bd1373fdc28f"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Moira van Staaden</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709685"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709685/The_evolution_of_tympanate_hearing_from_proprioceptors_in_ancient_grasshoppers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The evolution of tympanate hearing from proprioceptors in ancient grasshoppers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709685/The_evolution_of_tympanate_hearing_from_proprioceptors_in_ancient_grasshoppers">The evolution of tympanate hearing from proprioceptors in ancient grasshoppers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</span><span>, Feb 1, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The ears of modern insects occur on rather different body parts, from head, to thorax, to abdomen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The ears of modern insects occur on rather different body parts, from head, to thorax, to abdomen, and there is evidence from comparative anatomy and embryology in divergent taxa that they have evolved from proprioreceptors responding to stretch or vibration. Receptor cells of these ears are directly or indirectly coupled to thin cuticular membranes (tympana), which are considered to play important roles in sensitivity and frequency tuning of such ears. This report is on a new set of hearing organs in an ancient grasshopper (Bullacris membracioides) without the typical tympanum, but a sensitivity exceeding most tympanate ears. As a result, males are capable of signaling acoustically over up to two km. In addition, within single individuals of this species, six pairs of serially repeated abdominal ears exist which all respond to biologically relevant frequencies and intensities. Altogether, anatomical comparison and results of neurophysiological and behavioral experiments provide strong evidence for the transition in function from proprioreception to airborne sound reception, and for the selective advantage during the evolutionary development of a complex ear structure. [Work supported by Austrian Science Foundation.]</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709685"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709685"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709685; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709685]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709685]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709685; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113709685']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113709685]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113709685,"title":"The evolution of tympanate hearing from proprioceptors in ancient grasshoppers","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113709685/The_evolution_of_tympanate_hearing_from_proprioceptors_in_ancient_grasshoppers","owner_id":50346890,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":50346890,"first_name":"Moira van","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Staaden","page_name":"MoiravanStaaden","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-06-22T07:27:52.656-07:00","display_name":"Moira van Staaden","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoiravanStaaden"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709684"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709684/Characterization_of_locomotor_response_to_psychostimulants_in_the_parthenogenetic_marbled_crayfish_Procambarus_fallax_forma_virginalis_A_promising_model_for_studying_the_neural_and_molecular_mechanisms_of_drug_addiction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of locomotor response to psychostimulants in the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax forma virginalis): A promising model for studying the neural and molecular mechanisms of drug addiction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602090/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709684/Characterization_of_locomotor_response_to_psychostimulants_in_the_parthenogenetic_marbled_crayfish_Procambarus_fallax_forma_virginalis_A_promising_model_for_studying_the_neural_and_molecular_mechanisms_of_drug_addiction">Characterization of locomotor response to psychostimulants in the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax forma virginalis): A promising model for studying the neural and molecular mechanisms of drug addiction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Behavioural Brain Research</span><span>, Apr 1, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although scientific research using mammalian models has made great strides in uncovering the enig...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although scientific research using mammalian models has made great strides in uncovering the enigmatic neural and molecular mechanisms orchestrating the state of drug addiction, a complete understanding has thus far eluded researchers. The complexity of the task has led to the use of invertebrate model systems to complement the research of drug-induced reward in mammalian systems. Invertebrates, such as crayfish, offer excellent model systems to help reveal the underlying mechanisms of drug addiction as they retain the ancestral neural reward circuit that is evolutionarily conserved across taxa, and they possess relatively few, large neurons, laid out in an accessible, modularly organized nervous system. Crayfish offer the benefits of delineated developmental life stages, a large body size suitable for a variety of experimental methods, and stereotyped behaviors. Unique among crayfish is the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax forma virginalis), a species of asexually reproducing, genetically identical clones. With the benefits of reduced individual variation, high fecundity, and easy lab husbandry, the marbled crayfish would make a particularly powerful addition to the animal model repertoire. Here we characterize the locomotor response of juvenile P. f. f. virginalis exposed to the psychostimulant, D-amphetamine sulfate. Custom video-tracking software was used to record the movement patterns of juveniles exposed to water infused with varying concentrations of D-amphetamine sulfate. ANOVA demonstrated that crayfish locomotion was significantly impacted by drug concentration. These psychostimulant effects provide the foundation of P. f. f. virginalis as a model for parsing the neural and molecular mechanisms of drug addiction. Research in mammalian systems has successfully identified molecular</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9408c9ce2c31f35e73a2c4fa98eeabb6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602090,"asset_id":113709684,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602090/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709684"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709684"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709684; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709683"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709683/Alternate_tactics_in_male_bladder_grasshoppers_Bullacris_membracioides_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Alternate tactics in male bladder grasshoppers Bullacris membracioides (Orthoptera: Pneumoridae)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602091/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709683/Alternate_tactics_in_male_bladder_grasshoppers_Bullacris_membracioides_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_">Alternate tactics in male bladder grasshoppers Bullacris membracioides (Orthoptera: Pneumoridae)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Behaviour</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Pneumoridae) are a unique group of nocturnal, specialized herbi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Pneumoridae) are a unique group of nocturnal, specialized herbivores, endemic to coastal regions of Southern Africa. Adult males are characterized by an inflated abdomen, which develops at the final molt, and a signaling system capable of producing high intensity calls detectable by conspecifics at distances of up to 2 km. Female response to male calls leads to reciprocal duetting and pair formation. We have found an alternative form to the dominant inflated male tactic in three pneumorid species. These alternate males are incapable of flight and lack the air-filled abdominal bladder used in long-range acoustic communication; but may be found in copula with mature females in the field. Here we address the issue of neoteny/paedogenesis in the alternate male by comparing the morphology of inflated and uninflated adult male Bullacris membracioides with that of ultimate and penultimate nymphal instars, to determine whether these forms follow a common developmental trajectory. We then compare the behavioral responsiveness of inflated and noninflated morphs to conspecific advertisement calls, to ascertain whether alternate males have the potential to actively exploit the mate location system of duetting pairs. Morphometric analyses indicate that alternate males are a distinctly divergent form from the primary male developmental tactic. We conclude that males following the alternate tactic eavesdrop on the duets of inflated males and females to exploit the acoustic mate location system. This satellite tactic has potential impact on several aspects of pneumorid biology contributing to biasing sexual selection, sensory drive, and ultimately speciation events.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8f6fe3a5afc627a6fd98b5516d764d20" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602091,"asset_id":113709683,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602091/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709683"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709683"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709683; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709682"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709682/The_association_of_visual_and_acoustic_courtship_behaviors_in_African_cichlid_fishes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The association of visual and acoustic courtship behaviors in African cichlid fishes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110603188/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709682/The_association_of_visual_and_acoustic_courtship_behaviors_in_African_cichlid_fishes">The association of visual and acoustic courtship behaviors in African cichlid fishes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology</span><span>, May 1, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study pu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709681"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709681/The_use_of_multimodal_communication_during_courtship_in_Malawi_cichlids"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The use of multimodal communication during courtship in Malawi cichlids" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709681/The_use_of_multimodal_communication_during_courtship_in_Malawi_cichlids">The use of multimodal communication during courtship in Malawi cichlids</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</span><span>, Nov 1, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The cichlids of Lake Malawi are often considered the quintessential example of a species radiatio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The cichlids of Lake Malawi are often considered the quintessential example of a species radiation driven primarily by sexual selection and relying on visual cues. However, the description of sound production by courting males in several species raises the possibility that acoustic signaling may play a significant role in the selection process. This study describes the mating calls from multiple species in the genera Melanochromis and Metriaclima in order to discern if there is active selection of call characteristics between closely related species or whether differences are more likely the result of drift. Variation in total call duration and fundamental frequency within genera often exceeded that between genera, particularly between the sister species Melanochromis johanni and Melanochromis cyaneorhabdos. This suggests that mating calls may indeed be subject to divergent sexual selection in closely related species. Moreover, in situ sound recordings from Lake Malawi indicate that this behavior is of ecological relevance and not simply an artifact of laboratory conditions. Together, these results suggest that current models of sexual selection in Malawian cichlids may benefit from consideration of previously ignored sensory modalities. The plasticity inherent in such multimodal processing may prove of particular importance to the species-rich African cichlid radiation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709681"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709681"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709681; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709681]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709681]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709681; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113709681']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113709681]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113709681,"title":"The use of multimodal communication during courtship in Malawi cichlids","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113709681/The_use_of_multimodal_communication_during_courtship_in_Malawi_cichlids","owner_id":50346890,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":50346890,"first_name":"Moira van","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Staaden","page_name":"MoiravanStaaden","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-06-22T07:27:52.656-07:00","display_name":"Moira van Staaden","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoiravanStaaden"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709680"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709680/Signaling_Aggression"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Signaling Aggression" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602089/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709680/Signaling_Aggression">Signaling Aggression</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Elsevier eBooks</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter was originally published in the book Advances in Genetics, Vol. 75, published by Els...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter was originally published in the book Advances in Genetics, Vol. 75, published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who know you, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution's website or repository, are prohibited. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709679"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709679/Multidisciplinary_dissection_of_behavioral_arousal_The_role_of_muscarinic_acetylcholine_stimulation_in_grasshopper_stridulatory_behavior"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Multidisciplinary dissection of behavioral arousal: The role of muscarinic acetylcholine stimulation in grasshopper stridulatory behavior" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602087/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709679/Multidisciplinary_dissection_of_behavioral_arousal_The_role_of_muscarinic_acetylcholine_stimulation_in_grasshopper_stridulatory_behavior">Multidisciplinary dissection of behavioral arousal: The role of muscarinic acetylcholine stimulation in grasshopper stridulatory behavior</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</span><span>, Aug 14, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="add8941be1c782085d7055e8778c06a5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602087,"asset_id":113709679,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602087/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709679"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709679"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709679; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709678"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709678/Crayfish_Self_Administer_Amphetamine_in_a_Spatially_Contingent_Task"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Crayfish Self-Administer Amphetamine in a Spatially Contingent Task" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602066/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709678/Crayfish_Self_Administer_Amphetamine_in_a_Spatially_Contingent_Task">Crayfish Self-Administer Amphetamine in a Spatially Contingent Task</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Physiology</span><span>, May 14, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Natural reward is an essential element of any organism's ability to adapt to environmental variat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Natural reward is an essential element of any organism's ability to adapt to environmental variation. Its underlying circuits and mechanisms guide the learning process as they help associate an event, or cue, with the perception of an outcome's value. More generally, natural reward serves as the fundamental generator of all motivated behavior. Addictive plant alkaloids are able to activate this circuitry in taxa ranging from planaria to humans. With modularly organized nervous systems and confirmed vulnerabilities to human drugs of abuse, crayfish have recently emerged as a compelling model for the study of the addiction cycle, including psychostimulant effects, sensitization, withdrawal, reinstatement, and drug reward in conditioned place preference paradigms. Here we extend this work with the demonstration of a spatially contingent, operant drug selfadministration paradigm for amphetamine. When the animal enters a quadrant of the arena with a particular textured substrate, a computer-based control system delivers amphetamine through an indwelling fine-bore cannula. Resulting reward strength, doseresponse, and the time course of operant conditioning were assessed. Individuals experiencing the drug contingent on their behavior, displayed enhanced rates of operant responses compared to that of their yoked (non-contingent) counterparts. Application of amphetamine near the supra-esophageal ganglion elicited stronger and more robust increases in operant responding than did systemic infusions. This work demonstrates automated implementation of a spatially contingent self-administration paradigm in crayfish, which provides a powerful tool to explore comparative perspectives in drugsensitive reward, the mechanisms of learning underlying the addictive cycle, and phylogenetically conserved vulnerabilities to psychostimulant compounds.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0e4127fd07dc78e591b319c2977f96b9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602066,"asset_id":113709678,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602066/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709678"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709678"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709678; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709677"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709677/Cutting_the_Gordian_knot_Complex_signaling_in_African_cichlids_is_more_than_multimodal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cutting the Gordian knot: Complex signaling in African cichlids is more than multimodal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602068/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709677/Cutting_the_Gordian_knot_Complex_signaling_in_African_cichlids_is_more_than_multimodal">Cutting the Gordian knot: Complex signaling in African cichlids is more than multimodal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current Zoology</span><span>, Apr 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The active transmission of information from sender to receiver is a fundamental component of comm...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The active transmission of information from sender to receiver is a fundamental component of communication, and is therefore a primary facet in evolutionary models of sexual selection. Research in several systems has underlined the importance of multiple sensory modalities in courtship signals. However, we still tend to think of individuals as having a relatively static signal in consecutive communicative events. While this may be true for certain traits such as body size or coloration, behaviorally modulated signals can quickly violate this assumption. In this work, we explore how intraspecific variation may be an important component of interspecific signal divergence using cichlid fishes from Lake Malawi. Behavioral analyses were made using six species of Malawian cichlids from two divergent genera. While interspecific differences were found between congeners based on species-level analyses of both acoustic and audiovisual signals, intraspecific variation was of a similar magnitude. Specifically, individual fishes were found to possess highly plastic signal repertoires. This finding was ubiquitous across all species and resulted in a great deal of overlap between heterospecific individuals, despite statistically distinct species means. These results demonstrate that some aspects of courtship in Malawian cichlids are more plastic than previously proposed, and that studies must account for signal variability within individuals. We propose here that behavioral variability in signaling is important in determining the communication landscape on which signals are perceived. We review potential complexity deriving from multimodal signaling, discuss the sources for such lability, and suggest ways in which this issue may be approached experimentally [Current</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0fe8fcf283be39186045cf6024f239af" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602068,"asset_id":113709677,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602068/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709677"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709677"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709677; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709676"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709676/Evolutionary_transition_from_stretch_to_hearing_organs_in_ancient_grasshoppers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Evolutionary transition from stretch to hearing organs in ancient grasshoppers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602100/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709676/Evolutionary_transition_from_stretch_to_hearing_organs_in_ancient_grasshoppers">Evolutionary transition from stretch to hearing organs in ancient grasshoppers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nature</span><span>, Aug 1, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c72aea4998ab00575d89bee1052f4f5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602100,"asset_id":113709676,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602100/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709676"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709676"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709676; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709676]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709676]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709676; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113709676']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709675"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709675/Habitat_dependent_transmission_of_male_advertisement_calls_in_bladder_grasshoppers_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Habitat-dependent transmission of male advertisement calls in bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera; Pneumoridae)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602101/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709675/Habitat_dependent_transmission_of_male_advertisement_calls_in_bladder_grasshoppers_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_">Habitat-dependent transmission of male advertisement calls in bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera; Pneumoridae)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Experimental Biology</span><span>, Jul 15, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Acoustic signals are commonly utilized for communication over long distances by a variety of anim...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Acoustic signals are commonly utilized for communication over long distances by a variety of animal taxa, from butterflies (Yack et al., 2000) to elephants (McComb et al., 2003). However, one of the major predicaments plaguing long-range signallers is that sounds become progressively more degraded the further they propagate. The transmission of acoustic signals through any given environment results in modification of the signal amplitude and fidelity over distance. Loss of amplitude, resulting from spherical spreading and also from absorption and scattering of sound waves (excess attenuation), diminishes the range at which receivers can detect a signal, while loss of fidelity, incorporating frequency-dependent attenuation, irregular amplitude fluctuations and reverberations, reduces the ability of receivers to accurately recognize a signal in the event it is detected. A combination of changes in both amplitude and fidelity contributes to overall patterns of signal degradation. The rate of acoustic signal degradation, and subsequently the range at which sounds can be used effectively for communication purposes, is dependent upon numerous factors. These include spectral and temporal properties of the signal itself (Wiley and Richards, 1978), behavioural modifications of the animal during signalling, such as calling from preferential heights and locations (Bennet-Clark, 1987; Keuper et al., 1986), and external properties of the local environment, incorporating vegetation type (Lang, 2000), meteorological conditions (Garstang et al., 1995), and acoustic interference from other organisms (Wollerman, 1999). The acoustic adaptation hypothesis emanated largely from the work of Morton (1975) and Hansen (1979) and was conceived as a means of means of investigating the relationship between animal vocalizations and ecological factors. This hypothesis was based on the observation that environmental factors may heavily influence the evolution of long-range acoustic signals by imposing selection pressures that act to modify the sound properties of signals in order to maximize their broadcast range and the number of potential receivers (Endler, 1992; Forrest, 1994; Morton, 1975). This could lead to a matching between signal and environment, such that signals transmit optimally in native habitats and, conversely, perform poorly when broadcast through non-native habitats. Studies concerning the propagation of long-range acoustic signals in relation to the environment in which they are transmitted have yielded mixed results. The acoustic adaptation hypothesis for enhanced transmission efficiency in native habitats has garnered support primarily from studies on avian and primate taxa. Birds inhabiting different</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0910ceee1e5bd927b67ae4897e697bdd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602101,"asset_id":113709675,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602101/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709675"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709675"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709675; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709675]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709675]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709675; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113709675']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0910ceee1e5bd927b67ae4897e697bdd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113709675]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113709675,"title":"Habitat-dependent transmission of male advertisement calls in bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera; Pneumoridae)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","ai_title_tag":"Transmission of Grasshopper Calls in Natural Habitats","grobid_abstract":"Acoustic signals are commonly utilized for communication over long distances by a variety of animal taxa, from butterflies (Yack et al., 2000) to elephants (McComb et al., 2003). However, one of the major predicaments plaguing long-range signallers is that sounds become progressively more degraded the further they propagate. The transmission of acoustic signals through any given environment results in modification of the signal amplitude and fidelity over distance. Loss of amplitude, resulting from spherical spreading and also from absorption and scattering of sound waves (excess attenuation), diminishes the range at which receivers can detect a signal, while loss of fidelity, incorporating frequency-dependent attenuation, irregular amplitude fluctuations and reverberations, reduces the ability of receivers to accurately recognize a signal in the event it is detected. A combination of changes in both amplitude and fidelity contributes to overall patterns of signal degradation. The rate of acoustic signal degradation, and subsequently the range at which sounds can be used effectively for communication purposes, is dependent upon numerous factors. 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Frontiers Research Topics...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709674"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709674"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709674; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709674]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709674]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709674; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113709674']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113709674]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113709674,"title":"Invertebrate Models of Natural and Drug‐Sensitive Reward","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113709674/Invertebrate_Models_of_Natural_and_Drug_Sensitive_Reward","owner_id":50346890,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":50346890,"first_name":"Moira van","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Staaden","page_name":"MoiravanStaaden","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-06-22T07:27:52.656-07:00","display_name":"Moira van Staaden","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoiravanStaaden"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709673"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709673/Ethology_at_50_and_beyond"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ethology: at 50 and beyond" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602088/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709673/Ethology_at_50_and_beyond">Ethology: at 50 and beyond</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Trends in Ecology and Evolution</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">W hen a dictionary of ethology describes the field as having 'wide range, baffling diversity, and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">W hen a dictionary of ethology describes the field as having 'wide range, baffling diversity, and fuzzy outlines' 1 , its practitioners are justifiably unnerved. And yet there is some truth in this image. The richness of ethological explanations has provided such ample seed for the generation of other disciplines that ethology itself might seem to be in danger of disappearing. When Tinbergen famously posed ethology's four central questions (cause, function, development and evolutionary history), he framed the research program for many years to come. But, disappointed at the loss of Lorenz's grand theory of instinct and enticed by the predictive power of gene thinking, interest among ethologists and behavioral ecologists has more recently focused on adaptive function and has largely overshadowed interest in proximate mechanisms or the evolution of behavior. The 25th International Ethological Conference, held in Vienna, Austria, last August, provided an opportunity to take stock. This largest-ever gathering of ethologists (nearly 1000), celebrating nearly 50 years of comparative behavioral reCounting the cost of disease resistance</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1aedb2cf4f49cf3de21a24f86db7151d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602088,"asset_id":113709673,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602088/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709673"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709673"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709673; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709672"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709672/Alternative_sexual_tactics_in_male_bladder_grasshoppers_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Alternative sexual tactics in male bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Pneumoridae)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709672/Alternative_sexual_tactics_in_male_bladder_grasshoppers_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_">Alternative sexual tactics in male bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Pneumoridae)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Springer eBooks</span><span>, 1989</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Two contrasting male reproductive tactics occur amongst three ecologically categorised groups of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Two contrasting male reproductive tactics occur amongst three ecologically categorised groups of the short-horned grasshoppers of the family Pneumoridae: forest, marginal and desert groups. On grounds not presented in this paper, the forest-living pneumorids are considered to be phyletically most primitive: males use only a single tactic and it is hence assumed to be the primary one. Here the male calls to, locates an answering female, and flies to her for mating. The alternative tactic involves no calling or flight and this tactic occurs in some marginal species together with the primary one whilst in some desert species the alternative tactic only is used. What little is known of the proximate and ultimate explanation is given. The distribution pattern of the use of male sexual pattern is correlated with geographical distribution and the alternative male tactic is tentatively associated with environmental instability, as envisaged in the original r-K selection theory. Other aspects of the biology that have been presented as r-K correlated are considered: body size, life cycles, longevity, reproductive output, and complexity of social relationships are presented for the three pneumorid groups. Some of these features fit classical theory adequately but additional constraints must be invoked to account for patterns of vagility, reproductive output and social relationships. Discontinuities in time and space, general harshness of the environment and biotic pressure, whether of conspecifics, competitors or predators, need to be taken into account. Population pressures within the groups and patterns of predator activity are suggested as areas where important contraints may be acting and that require investigation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709672"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709672"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709672; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113709672]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113709672,"title":"Alternative sexual tactics in male bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Pneumoridae)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113709672/Alternative_sexual_tactics_in_male_bladder_grasshoppers_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_","owner_id":50346890,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":50346890,"first_name":"Moira van","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Staaden","page_name":"MoiravanStaaden","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-06-22T07:27:52.656-07:00","display_name":"Moira van Staaden","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoiravanStaaden"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709671"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709671/An_Evaluation_of_the_Role_of_Sensory_Drive_in_the_Evolution_of_Lake_Malawi_Cichlid_Fishes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Evaluation of the Role of Sensory Drive in the Evolution of Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602065/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709671/An_Evaluation_of_the_Role_of_Sensory_Drive_in_the_Evolution_of_Lake_Malawi_Cichlid_Fishes">An Evaluation of the Role of Sensory Drive in the Evolution of Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Evolutionary Biology</span><span>, Jun 21, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although the cichlids of Lake Malawi are an important model system for the study of sensory evolu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although the cichlids of Lake Malawi are an important model system for the study of sensory evolution and sexual selection, the evolutionary processes linking these two phenomena remain unclear. Prior works have proposed that evolutionary divergence is driven by sensory drive, particularly as it applies to the visual system. While evidence suggests that sensory drive has played a role in the speciation of Lake Victoria cichlids, the findings from several lines of research on cichlids of Lake Malawi are not consistent with the primary tenets of this hypothesis. More specifically, three observations make the sensory drive model implausible in Malawi: (i) a lack of environmental constraint due to a broad and intense ambient light spectrum in species rich littoral habitats, (ii) pronounced variation in receiver sensory characteristics, and (iii) pronounced variability in male courtship signal characteristics. In the following work, we synthesize the results from recent studies to draw attention to the importance of sensory variation in cichlid evolution and speciation, and we suggest possible avenues of future research.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="27db30176509e1cd29511fa5de0337d2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602065,"asset_id":113709671,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602065/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709671"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709671"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709671; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709670"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709670/Suricata_suricatta"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Suricata suricatta" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709670/Suricata_suricatta">Suricata suricatta</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mammalian Species</span><span>, Dec 2, 1994</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709670"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709670"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709670; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113709669]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113709669,"title":"Sex-Specific Aggressive Decision-Making in the African Cichlid Melanochromis Auratus","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113709669/Sex_Specific_Aggressive_Decision_Making_in_the_African_Cichlid_Melanochromis_Auratus","owner_id":50346890,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":50346890,"first_name":"Moira van","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Staaden","page_name":"MoiravanStaaden","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-06-22T07:27:52.656-07:00","display_name":"Moira van Staaden","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoiravanStaaden"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709668"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709668/The_Deep_Roots_of_Addiction_A_Comparative_Perspective"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Deep Roots of Addiction: A Comparative Perspective" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602063/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709668/The_Deep_Roots_of_Addiction_A_Comparative_Perspective">The Deep Roots of Addiction: A Comparative Perspective</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Brain Behavior and Evolution</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Addiction is a debilitating condition that extracts enormous social and economic tolls. Despite s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Addiction is a debilitating condition that extracts enormous social and economic tolls. Despite several decades of research, our knowledge of its etiology, preventive measures, and treatments is limited. A relatively recent research field with the potential to provide a more holistic understanding, and subsequently treatments, takes a phylogenetic view of addiction. This perspective is based on deep homologies at the genetic, proteomic, and behavioral levels, which are shared across all metazoan life; particularly those organisms faced with plant secondary metabolites as defensive compounds against insect herbivory. These addictive alkaloids, such as nicotine, cocaine, or cathinone, are commonly referred to as "human drugs of abuse" even though humans had little to no role in the co-evolutionary processes that determined their initial emergence or continued selection. This commentary discusses the overwhelming homologies of addictive alkaloid effects on neural systems across a wide range of taxa, as we aim to develop a broader comparative view of the "addicted brain." Taking nicotine as an example, homologous physiological responses to this compound identify common underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that advocate for the adoption of a phylogenetic view of addiction.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4318a11171aa8084cf3df1289f3cf284" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602063,"asset_id":113709668,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602063/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709668"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709668"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709668; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709667"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709667/Opiate_Sensitivity_in_Fruit_Flies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Opiate Sensitivity in Fruit Flies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602060/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709667/Opiate_Sensitivity_in_Fruit_Flies">Opiate Sensitivity in Fruit Flies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Medical research archives</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b938a30a588fd77fa223ef725df065f6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602060,"asset_id":113709667,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602060/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709667"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709667"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709667; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709666"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709666/The_Deep_Evolutionary_Roots_of_Addiction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Deep Evolutionary Roots of 'Addiction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602083/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709666/The_Deep_Evolutionary_Roots_of_Addiction">The Deep Evolutionary Roots of 'Addiction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of mental health and clinical psychology</span><span>, May 1, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Addiction is now recognized as a phenomenon with exceedingly deep evolutionary roots. Addictive p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Addiction is now recognized as a phenomenon with exceedingly deep evolutionary roots. Addictive plant alkaloids, as secondary metabolites, evolved primarily to counter insect herbivory. Although some views regard addiction as a human/mammal specific, cognitive phenomenon, we suggest that its roots are found in much more fundamental biological mechanisms for learning and motivation, mechanisms which are shared by taxa since the early evolution of bilateral metazoans. According to this view, addiction is fundamentally an invertebrate phenomenon and humans can be viewed as collateral damage in this coevolutionary arms race. Results from a variety of invertebrate preparations demonstrate behavioral and neural consequences of drug exposure, ranging from psychostimulant properties and sensitization, to conditioned cue learning and operant self-administration. This mini review focuses attention on our recent work in crayfish, but there is certainly evidence for the presence of addictionlike phenomena in more ancient invertebrate taxa.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="39823d7d6708e7b7d6765ebe2a8e1168" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602083,"asset_id":113709666,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602083/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709666"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709666"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709666; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709666]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709666]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709666; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113709666']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="5415149" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709685"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709685/The_evolution_of_tympanate_hearing_from_proprioceptors_in_ancient_grasshoppers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The evolution of tympanate hearing from proprioceptors in ancient grasshoppers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709685/The_evolution_of_tympanate_hearing_from_proprioceptors_in_ancient_grasshoppers">The evolution of tympanate hearing from proprioceptors in ancient grasshoppers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</span><span>, Feb 1, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The ears of modern insects occur on rather different body parts, from head, to thorax, to abdomen...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The ears of modern insects occur on rather different body parts, from head, to thorax, to abdomen, and there is evidence from comparative anatomy and embryology in divergent taxa that they have evolved from proprioreceptors responding to stretch or vibration. Receptor cells of these ears are directly or indirectly coupled to thin cuticular membranes (tympana), which are considered to play important roles in sensitivity and frequency tuning of such ears. This report is on a new set of hearing organs in an ancient grasshopper (Bullacris membracioides) without the typical tympanum, but a sensitivity exceeding most tympanate ears. As a result, males are capable of signaling acoustically over up to two km. In addition, within single individuals of this species, six pairs of serially repeated abdominal ears exist which all respond to biologically relevant frequencies and intensities. Altogether, anatomical comparison and results of neurophysiological and behavioral experiments provide strong evidence for the transition in function from proprioreception to airborne sound reception, and for the selective advantage during the evolutionary development of a complex ear structure. [Work supported by Austrian Science Foundation.]</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709685"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709685"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709685; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709685]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709685]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709685; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113709685']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113709685]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113709685,"title":"The evolution of tympanate hearing from proprioceptors in ancient grasshoppers","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113709685/The_evolution_of_tympanate_hearing_from_proprioceptors_in_ancient_grasshoppers","owner_id":50346890,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":50346890,"first_name":"Moira van","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Staaden","page_name":"MoiravanStaaden","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-06-22T07:27:52.656-07:00","display_name":"Moira van Staaden","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoiravanStaaden"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709684"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709684/Characterization_of_locomotor_response_to_psychostimulants_in_the_parthenogenetic_marbled_crayfish_Procambarus_fallax_forma_virginalis_A_promising_model_for_studying_the_neural_and_molecular_mechanisms_of_drug_addiction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of locomotor response to psychostimulants in the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax forma virginalis): A promising model for studying the neural and molecular mechanisms of drug addiction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602090/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709684/Characterization_of_locomotor_response_to_psychostimulants_in_the_parthenogenetic_marbled_crayfish_Procambarus_fallax_forma_virginalis_A_promising_model_for_studying_the_neural_and_molecular_mechanisms_of_drug_addiction">Characterization of locomotor response to psychostimulants in the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax forma virginalis): A promising model for studying the neural and molecular mechanisms of drug addiction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Behavioural Brain Research</span><span>, Apr 1, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although scientific research using mammalian models has made great strides in uncovering the enig...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although scientific research using mammalian models has made great strides in uncovering the enigmatic neural and molecular mechanisms orchestrating the state of drug addiction, a complete understanding has thus far eluded researchers. The complexity of the task has led to the use of invertebrate model systems to complement the research of drug-induced reward in mammalian systems. Invertebrates, such as crayfish, offer excellent model systems to help reveal the underlying mechanisms of drug addiction as they retain the ancestral neural reward circuit that is evolutionarily conserved across taxa, and they possess relatively few, large neurons, laid out in an accessible, modularly organized nervous system. Crayfish offer the benefits of delineated developmental life stages, a large body size suitable for a variety of experimental methods, and stereotyped behaviors. Unique among crayfish is the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish (Procambarus fallax forma virginalis), a species of asexually reproducing, genetically identical clones. With the benefits of reduced individual variation, high fecundity, and easy lab husbandry, the marbled crayfish would make a particularly powerful addition to the animal model repertoire. Here we characterize the locomotor response of juvenile P. f. f. virginalis exposed to the psychostimulant, D-amphetamine sulfate. Custom video-tracking software was used to record the movement patterns of juveniles exposed to water infused with varying concentrations of D-amphetamine sulfate. ANOVA demonstrated that crayfish locomotion was significantly impacted by drug concentration. These psychostimulant effects provide the foundation of P. f. f. virginalis as a model for parsing the neural and molecular mechanisms of drug addiction. Research in mammalian systems has successfully identified molecular</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9408c9ce2c31f35e73a2c4fa98eeabb6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602090,"asset_id":113709684,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602090/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709684"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709684"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709684; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709683"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709683/Alternate_tactics_in_male_bladder_grasshoppers_Bullacris_membracioides_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Alternate tactics in male bladder grasshoppers Bullacris membracioides (Orthoptera: Pneumoridae)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602091/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709683/Alternate_tactics_in_male_bladder_grasshoppers_Bullacris_membracioides_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_">Alternate tactics in male bladder grasshoppers Bullacris membracioides (Orthoptera: Pneumoridae)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Behaviour</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Pneumoridae) are a unique group of nocturnal, specialized herbi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Pneumoridae) are a unique group of nocturnal, specialized herbivores, endemic to coastal regions of Southern Africa. Adult males are characterized by an inflated abdomen, which develops at the final molt, and a signaling system capable of producing high intensity calls detectable by conspecifics at distances of up to 2 km. Female response to male calls leads to reciprocal duetting and pair formation. We have found an alternative form to the dominant inflated male tactic in three pneumorid species. These alternate males are incapable of flight and lack the air-filled abdominal bladder used in long-range acoustic communication; but may be found in copula with mature females in the field. Here we address the issue of neoteny/paedogenesis in the alternate male by comparing the morphology of inflated and uninflated adult male Bullacris membracioides with that of ultimate and penultimate nymphal instars, to determine whether these forms follow a common developmental trajectory. We then compare the behavioral responsiveness of inflated and noninflated morphs to conspecific advertisement calls, to ascertain whether alternate males have the potential to actively exploit the mate location system of duetting pairs. Morphometric analyses indicate that alternate males are a distinctly divergent form from the primary male developmental tactic. We conclude that males following the alternate tactic eavesdrop on the duets of inflated males and females to exploit the acoustic mate location system. This satellite tactic has potential impact on several aspects of pneumorid biology contributing to biasing sexual selection, sensory drive, and ultimately speciation events.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8f6fe3a5afc627a6fd98b5516d764d20" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602091,"asset_id":113709683,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602091/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709683"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709683"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709683; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709682"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709682/The_association_of_visual_and_acoustic_courtship_behaviors_in_African_cichlid_fishes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The association of visual and acoustic courtship behaviors in African cichlid fishes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110603188/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709682/The_association_of_visual_and_acoustic_courtship_behaviors_in_African_cichlid_fishes">The association of visual and acoustic courtship behaviors in African cichlid fishes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology</span><span>, May 1, 2009</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study pu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709681"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709681/The_use_of_multimodal_communication_during_courtship_in_Malawi_cichlids"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The use of multimodal communication during courtship in Malawi cichlids" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709681/The_use_of_multimodal_communication_during_courtship_in_Malawi_cichlids">The use of multimodal communication during courtship in Malawi cichlids</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</span><span>, Nov 1, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The cichlids of Lake Malawi are often considered the quintessential example of a species radiatio...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The cichlids of Lake Malawi are often considered the quintessential example of a species radiation driven primarily by sexual selection and relying on visual cues. However, the description of sound production by courting males in several species raises the possibility that acoustic signaling may play a significant role in the selection process. This study describes the mating calls from multiple species in the genera Melanochromis and Metriaclima in order to discern if there is active selection of call characteristics between closely related species or whether differences are more likely the result of drift. Variation in total call duration and fundamental frequency within genera often exceeded that between genera, particularly between the sister species Melanochromis johanni and Melanochromis cyaneorhabdos. This suggests that mating calls may indeed be subject to divergent sexual selection in closely related species. Moreover, in situ sound recordings from Lake Malawi indicate that this behavior is of ecological relevance and not simply an artifact of laboratory conditions. Together, these results suggest that current models of sexual selection in Malawian cichlids may benefit from consideration of previously ignored sensory modalities. The plasticity inherent in such multimodal processing may prove of particular importance to the species-rich African cichlid radiation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709681"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709681"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709681; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709681]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709681]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709681; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113709681']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113709681]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113709681,"title":"The use of multimodal communication during courtship in Malawi cichlids","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113709681/The_use_of_multimodal_communication_during_courtship_in_Malawi_cichlids","owner_id":50346890,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":50346890,"first_name":"Moira van","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Staaden","page_name":"MoiravanStaaden","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-06-22T07:27:52.656-07:00","display_name":"Moira van Staaden","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoiravanStaaden"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709680"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709680/Signaling_Aggression"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Signaling Aggression" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602089/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709680/Signaling_Aggression">Signaling Aggression</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Elsevier eBooks</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter was originally published in the book Advances in Genetics, Vol. 75, published by Els...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter was originally published in the book Advances in Genetics, Vol. 75, published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who know you, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution's website or repository, are prohibited. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709679"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709679/Multidisciplinary_dissection_of_behavioral_arousal_The_role_of_muscarinic_acetylcholine_stimulation_in_grasshopper_stridulatory_behavior"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Multidisciplinary dissection of behavioral arousal: The role of muscarinic acetylcholine stimulation in grasshopper stridulatory behavior" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602087/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709679/Multidisciplinary_dissection_of_behavioral_arousal_The_role_of_muscarinic_acetylcholine_stimulation_in_grasshopper_stridulatory_behavior">Multidisciplinary dissection of behavioral arousal: The role of muscarinic acetylcholine stimulation in grasshopper stridulatory behavior</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</span><span>, Aug 14, 2001</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="add8941be1c782085d7055e8778c06a5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602087,"asset_id":113709679,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602087/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709679"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709679"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709679; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709678"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709678/Crayfish_Self_Administer_Amphetamine_in_a_Spatially_Contingent_Task"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Crayfish Self-Administer Amphetamine in a Spatially Contingent Task" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602066/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709678/Crayfish_Self_Administer_Amphetamine_in_a_Spatially_Contingent_Task">Crayfish Self-Administer Amphetamine in a Spatially Contingent Task</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Frontiers in Physiology</span><span>, May 14, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Natural reward is an essential element of any organism's ability to adapt to environmental variat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Natural reward is an essential element of any organism's ability to adapt to environmental variation. Its underlying circuits and mechanisms guide the learning process as they help associate an event, or cue, with the perception of an outcome's value. More generally, natural reward serves as the fundamental generator of all motivated behavior. Addictive plant alkaloids are able to activate this circuitry in taxa ranging from planaria to humans. With modularly organized nervous systems and confirmed vulnerabilities to human drugs of abuse, crayfish have recently emerged as a compelling model for the study of the addiction cycle, including psychostimulant effects, sensitization, withdrawal, reinstatement, and drug reward in conditioned place preference paradigms. Here we extend this work with the demonstration of a spatially contingent, operant drug selfadministration paradigm for amphetamine. When the animal enters a quadrant of the arena with a particular textured substrate, a computer-based control system delivers amphetamine through an indwelling fine-bore cannula. Resulting reward strength, doseresponse, and the time course of operant conditioning were assessed. Individuals experiencing the drug contingent on their behavior, displayed enhanced rates of operant responses compared to that of their yoked (non-contingent) counterparts. Application of amphetamine near the supra-esophageal ganglion elicited stronger and more robust increases in operant responding than did systemic infusions. This work demonstrates automated implementation of a spatially contingent self-administration paradigm in crayfish, which provides a powerful tool to explore comparative perspectives in drugsensitive reward, the mechanisms of learning underlying the addictive cycle, and phylogenetically conserved vulnerabilities to psychostimulant compounds.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0e4127fd07dc78e591b319c2977f96b9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602066,"asset_id":113709678,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602066/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709678"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709678"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709678; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709677"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709677/Cutting_the_Gordian_knot_Complex_signaling_in_African_cichlids_is_more_than_multimodal"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Cutting the Gordian knot: Complex signaling in African cichlids is more than multimodal" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602068/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709677/Cutting_the_Gordian_knot_Complex_signaling_in_African_cichlids_is_more_than_multimodal">Cutting the Gordian knot: Complex signaling in African cichlids is more than multimodal</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Current Zoology</span><span>, Apr 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The active transmission of information from sender to receiver is a fundamental component of comm...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The active transmission of information from sender to receiver is a fundamental component of communication, and is therefore a primary facet in evolutionary models of sexual selection. Research in several systems has underlined the importance of multiple sensory modalities in courtship signals. However, we still tend to think of individuals as having a relatively static signal in consecutive communicative events. While this may be true for certain traits such as body size or coloration, behaviorally modulated signals can quickly violate this assumption. In this work, we explore how intraspecific variation may be an important component of interspecific signal divergence using cichlid fishes from Lake Malawi. Behavioral analyses were made using six species of Malawian cichlids from two divergent genera. While interspecific differences were found between congeners based on species-level analyses of both acoustic and audiovisual signals, intraspecific variation was of a similar magnitude. Specifically, individual fishes were found to possess highly plastic signal repertoires. This finding was ubiquitous across all species and resulted in a great deal of overlap between heterospecific individuals, despite statistically distinct species means. These results demonstrate that some aspects of courtship in Malawian cichlids are more plastic than previously proposed, and that studies must account for signal variability within individuals. We propose here that behavioral variability in signaling is important in determining the communication landscape on which signals are perceived. We review potential complexity deriving from multimodal signaling, discuss the sources for such lability, and suggest ways in which this issue may be approached experimentally [Current</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0fe8fcf283be39186045cf6024f239af" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602068,"asset_id":113709677,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602068/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709677"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709677"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709677; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709676"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709676/Evolutionary_transition_from_stretch_to_hearing_organs_in_ancient_grasshoppers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Evolutionary transition from stretch to hearing organs in ancient grasshoppers" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602100/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709676/Evolutionary_transition_from_stretch_to_hearing_organs_in_ancient_grasshoppers">Evolutionary transition from stretch to hearing organs in ancient grasshoppers</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nature</span><span>, Aug 1, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c72aea4998ab00575d89bee1052f4f5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602100,"asset_id":113709676,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602100/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709676"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709676"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709676; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709676]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709676]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709676; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113709676']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709675"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709675/Habitat_dependent_transmission_of_male_advertisement_calls_in_bladder_grasshoppers_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Habitat-dependent transmission of male advertisement calls in bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera; Pneumoridae)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602101/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709675/Habitat_dependent_transmission_of_male_advertisement_calls_in_bladder_grasshoppers_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_">Habitat-dependent transmission of male advertisement calls in bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera; Pneumoridae)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Experimental Biology</span><span>, Jul 15, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Acoustic signals are commonly utilized for communication over long distances by a variety of anim...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Acoustic signals are commonly utilized for communication over long distances by a variety of animal taxa, from butterflies (Yack et al., 2000) to elephants (McComb et al., 2003). However, one of the major predicaments plaguing long-range signallers is that sounds become progressively more degraded the further they propagate. The transmission of acoustic signals through any given environment results in modification of the signal amplitude and fidelity over distance. Loss of amplitude, resulting from spherical spreading and also from absorption and scattering of sound waves (excess attenuation), diminishes the range at which receivers can detect a signal, while loss of fidelity, incorporating frequency-dependent attenuation, irregular amplitude fluctuations and reverberations, reduces the ability of receivers to accurately recognize a signal in the event it is detected. A combination of changes in both amplitude and fidelity contributes to overall patterns of signal degradation. The rate of acoustic signal degradation, and subsequently the range at which sounds can be used effectively for communication purposes, is dependent upon numerous factors. These include spectral and temporal properties of the signal itself (Wiley and Richards, 1978), behavioural modifications of the animal during signalling, such as calling from preferential heights and locations (Bennet-Clark, 1987; Keuper et al., 1986), and external properties of the local environment, incorporating vegetation type (Lang, 2000), meteorological conditions (Garstang et al., 1995), and acoustic interference from other organisms (Wollerman, 1999). The acoustic adaptation hypothesis emanated largely from the work of Morton (1975) and Hansen (1979) and was conceived as a means of means of investigating the relationship between animal vocalizations and ecological factors. This hypothesis was based on the observation that environmental factors may heavily influence the evolution of long-range acoustic signals by imposing selection pressures that act to modify the sound properties of signals in order to maximize their broadcast range and the number of potential receivers (Endler, 1992; Forrest, 1994; Morton, 1975). This could lead to a matching between signal and environment, such that signals transmit optimally in native habitats and, conversely, perform poorly when broadcast through non-native habitats. Studies concerning the propagation of long-range acoustic signals in relation to the environment in which they are transmitted have yielded mixed results. The acoustic adaptation hypothesis for enhanced transmission efficiency in native habitats has garnered support primarily from studies on avian and primate taxa. Birds inhabiting different</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0910ceee1e5bd927b67ae4897e697bdd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602101,"asset_id":113709675,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602101/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709675"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709675"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709675; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709675]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709675]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709675; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113709675']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0910ceee1e5bd927b67ae4897e697bdd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113709675]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113709675,"title":"Habitat-dependent transmission of male advertisement calls in bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera; Pneumoridae)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"The Company of Biologists","ai_title_tag":"Transmission of Grasshopper Calls in Natural Habitats","grobid_abstract":"Acoustic signals are commonly utilized for communication over long distances by a variety of animal taxa, from butterflies (Yack et al., 2000) to elephants (McComb et al., 2003). However, one of the major predicaments plaguing long-range signallers is that sounds become progressively more degraded the further they propagate. The transmission of acoustic signals through any given environment results in modification of the signal amplitude and fidelity over distance. Loss of amplitude, resulting from spherical spreading and also from absorption and scattering of sound waves (excess attenuation), diminishes the range at which receivers can detect a signal, while loss of fidelity, incorporating frequency-dependent attenuation, irregular amplitude fluctuations and reverberations, reduces the ability of receivers to accurately recognize a signal in the event it is detected. A combination of changes in both amplitude and fidelity contributes to overall patterns of signal degradation. The rate of acoustic signal degradation, and subsequently the range at which sounds can be used effectively for communication purposes, is dependent upon numerous factors. 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Frontiers Research Topics...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709674"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709674"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709674; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709674]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=113709674]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709674; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='113709674']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113709674]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113709674,"title":"Invertebrate Models of Natural and Drug‐Sensitive Reward","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113709674/Invertebrate_Models_of_Natural_and_Drug_Sensitive_Reward","owner_id":50346890,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":50346890,"first_name":"Moira van","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Staaden","page_name":"MoiravanStaaden","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-06-22T07:27:52.656-07:00","display_name":"Moira van Staaden","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoiravanStaaden"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709673"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709673/Ethology_at_50_and_beyond"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ethology: at 50 and beyond" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602088/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709673/Ethology_at_50_and_beyond">Ethology: at 50 and beyond</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Trends in Ecology and Evolution</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">W hen a dictionary of ethology describes the field as having 'wide range, baffling diversity, and...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">W hen a dictionary of ethology describes the field as having 'wide range, baffling diversity, and fuzzy outlines' 1 , its practitioners are justifiably unnerved. And yet there is some truth in this image. The richness of ethological explanations has provided such ample seed for the generation of other disciplines that ethology itself might seem to be in danger of disappearing. When Tinbergen famously posed ethology's four central questions (cause, function, development and evolutionary history), he framed the research program for many years to come. But, disappointed at the loss of Lorenz's grand theory of instinct and enticed by the predictive power of gene thinking, interest among ethologists and behavioral ecologists has more recently focused on adaptive function and has largely overshadowed interest in proximate mechanisms or the evolution of behavior. The 25th International Ethological Conference, held in Vienna, Austria, last August, provided an opportunity to take stock. This largest-ever gathering of ethologists (nearly 1000), celebrating nearly 50 years of comparative behavioral reCounting the cost of disease resistance</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1aedb2cf4f49cf3de21a24f86db7151d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602088,"asset_id":113709673,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602088/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709673"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709673"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709673; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709672"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709672/Alternative_sexual_tactics_in_male_bladder_grasshoppers_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Alternative sexual tactics in male bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Pneumoridae)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709672/Alternative_sexual_tactics_in_male_bladder_grasshoppers_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_">Alternative sexual tactics in male bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Pneumoridae)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Springer eBooks</span><span>, 1989</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Two contrasting male reproductive tactics occur amongst three ecologically categorised groups of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Two contrasting male reproductive tactics occur amongst three ecologically categorised groups of the short-horned grasshoppers of the family Pneumoridae: forest, marginal and desert groups. On grounds not presented in this paper, the forest-living pneumorids are considered to be phyletically most primitive: males use only a single tactic and it is hence assumed to be the primary one. Here the male calls to, locates an answering female, and flies to her for mating. The alternative tactic involves no calling or flight and this tactic occurs in some marginal species together with the primary one whilst in some desert species the alternative tactic only is used. What little is known of the proximate and ultimate explanation is given. The distribution pattern of the use of male sexual pattern is correlated with geographical distribution and the alternative male tactic is tentatively associated with environmental instability, as envisaged in the original r-K selection theory. Other aspects of the biology that have been presented as r-K correlated are considered: body size, life cycles, longevity, reproductive output, and complexity of social relationships are presented for the three pneumorid groups. Some of these features fit classical theory adequately but additional constraints must be invoked to account for patterns of vagility, reproductive output and social relationships. Discontinuities in time and space, general harshness of the environment and biotic pressure, whether of conspecifics, competitors or predators, need to be taken into account. Population pressures within the groups and patterns of predator activity are suggested as areas where important contraints may be acting and that require investigation.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709672"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709672"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709672; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113709672]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113709672,"title":"Alternative sexual tactics in male bladder grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Pneumoridae)","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113709672/Alternative_sexual_tactics_in_male_bladder_grasshoppers_Orthoptera_Pneumoridae_","owner_id":50346890,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":50346890,"first_name":"Moira van","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Staaden","page_name":"MoiravanStaaden","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-06-22T07:27:52.656-07:00","display_name":"Moira van Staaden","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoiravanStaaden"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709671"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709671/An_Evaluation_of_the_Role_of_Sensory_Drive_in_the_Evolution_of_Lake_Malawi_Cichlid_Fishes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Evaluation of the Role of Sensory Drive in the Evolution of Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602065/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709671/An_Evaluation_of_the_Role_of_Sensory_Drive_in_the_Evolution_of_Lake_Malawi_Cichlid_Fishes">An Evaluation of the Role of Sensory Drive in the Evolution of Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Evolutionary Biology</span><span>, Jun 21, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although the cichlids of Lake Malawi are an important model system for the study of sensory evolu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although the cichlids of Lake Malawi are an important model system for the study of sensory evolution and sexual selection, the evolutionary processes linking these two phenomena remain unclear. Prior works have proposed that evolutionary divergence is driven by sensory drive, particularly as it applies to the visual system. While evidence suggests that sensory drive has played a role in the speciation of Lake Victoria cichlids, the findings from several lines of research on cichlids of Lake Malawi are not consistent with the primary tenets of this hypothesis. More specifically, three observations make the sensory drive model implausible in Malawi: (i) a lack of environmental constraint due to a broad and intense ambient light spectrum in species rich littoral habitats, (ii) pronounced variation in receiver sensory characteristics, and (iii) pronounced variability in male courtship signal characteristics. In the following work, we synthesize the results from recent studies to draw attention to the importance of sensory variation in cichlid evolution and speciation, and we suggest possible avenues of future research.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="27db30176509e1cd29511fa5de0337d2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602065,"asset_id":113709671,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602065/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709671"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709671"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709671; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709670"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709670/Suricata_suricatta"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Suricata suricatta" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709670/Suricata_suricatta">Suricata suricatta</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mammalian Species</span><span>, Dec 2, 1994</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709670"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709670"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709670; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=113709669]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":113709669,"title":"Sex-Specific Aggressive Decision-Making in the African Cichlid Melanochromis Auratus","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113709669/Sex_Specific_Aggressive_Decision_Making_in_the_African_Cichlid_Melanochromis_Auratus","owner_id":50346890,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":50346890,"first_name":"Moira van","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Staaden","page_name":"MoiravanStaaden","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2016-06-22T07:27:52.656-07:00","display_name":"Moira van Staaden","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MoiravanStaaden"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709668"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709668/The_Deep_Roots_of_Addiction_A_Comparative_Perspective"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Deep Roots of Addiction: A Comparative Perspective" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602063/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709668/The_Deep_Roots_of_Addiction_A_Comparative_Perspective">The Deep Roots of Addiction: A Comparative Perspective</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Brain Behavior and Evolution</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Addiction is a debilitating condition that extracts enormous social and economic tolls. Despite s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Addiction is a debilitating condition that extracts enormous social and economic tolls. Despite several decades of research, our knowledge of its etiology, preventive measures, and treatments is limited. A relatively recent research field with the potential to provide a more holistic understanding, and subsequently treatments, takes a phylogenetic view of addiction. This perspective is based on deep homologies at the genetic, proteomic, and behavioral levels, which are shared across all metazoan life; particularly those organisms faced with plant secondary metabolites as defensive compounds against insect herbivory. These addictive alkaloids, such as nicotine, cocaine, or cathinone, are commonly referred to as "human drugs of abuse" even though humans had little to no role in the co-evolutionary processes that determined their initial emergence or continued selection. This commentary discusses the overwhelming homologies of addictive alkaloid effects on neural systems across a wide range of taxa, as we aim to develop a broader comparative view of the "addicted brain." Taking nicotine as an example, homologous physiological responses to this compound identify common underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that advocate for the adoption of a phylogenetic view of addiction.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4318a11171aa8084cf3df1289f3cf284" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602063,"asset_id":113709668,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602063/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709668"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709668"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709668; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709667"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709667/Opiate_Sensitivity_in_Fruit_Flies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Opiate Sensitivity in Fruit Flies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602060/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709667/Opiate_Sensitivity_in_Fruit_Flies">Opiate Sensitivity in Fruit Flies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Medical research archives</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b938a30a588fd77fa223ef725df065f6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602060,"asset_id":113709667,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602060/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709667"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709667"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709667; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="113709666"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709666/The_Deep_Evolutionary_Roots_of_Addiction"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Deep Evolutionary Roots of 'Addiction" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/110602083/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/113709666/The_Deep_Evolutionary_Roots_of_Addiction">The Deep Evolutionary Roots of 'Addiction</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of mental health and clinical psychology</span><span>, May 1, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Addiction is now recognized as a phenomenon with exceedingly deep evolutionary roots. Addictive p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Addiction is now recognized as a phenomenon with exceedingly deep evolutionary roots. Addictive plant alkaloids, as secondary metabolites, evolved primarily to counter insect herbivory. Although some views regard addiction as a human/mammal specific, cognitive phenomenon, we suggest that its roots are found in much more fundamental biological mechanisms for learning and motivation, mechanisms which are shared by taxa since the early evolution of bilateral metazoans. According to this view, addiction is fundamentally an invertebrate phenomenon and humans can be viewed as collateral damage in this coevolutionary arms race. Results from a variety of invertebrate preparations demonstrate behavioral and neural consequences of drug exposure, ranging from psychostimulant properties and sensitization, to conditioned cue learning and operant self-administration. This mini review focuses attention on our recent work in crayfish, but there is certainly evidence for the presence of addictionlike phenomena in more ancient invertebrate taxa.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="39823d7d6708e7b7d6765ebe2a8e1168" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":110602083,"asset_id":113709666,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/110602083/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="113709666"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="113709666"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 113709666; 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