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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Book of Wisdom</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wysheid_van_Salomo" title="Wysheid van Salomo – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wysheid van Salomo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9" title="سفر الحكمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سفر الحكمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кніга Прамудрасці Саламона – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кніга Прамудрасці Саламона" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8A%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Премъдрост Соломонова – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Премъдрост Соломонова" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buach_der_Weisheit" title="Buach der Weisheit – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Buach der Weisheit" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levr_ar_Furnez" title="Levr ar Furnez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Levr ar Furnez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llibre_de_la_Saviesa" title="Llibre de la Saviesa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llibre de la Saviesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniha_Moudrosti" title="Kniha Moudrosti – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kniha Moudrosti" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buch_der_Weisheit" title="Buch der Weisheit – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buch der Weisheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Σοφία Σολομώντος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σοφία Σολομώντος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_de_la_Sabidur%C3%ADa_de_Salom%C3%B3n" title="Libro de la Sabiduría de Salomón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Libro de la Sabiduría de Salomón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_de_la_Sa%C4%9Do" title="Libro de la Saĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Libro de la Saĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakinduriaren_Liburua" title="Jakinduriaren Liburua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jakinduriaren Liburua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85%D8%AA" title="کتاب حکمت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتاب حکمت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre_de_la_Sagesse" title="Livre de la Sagesse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Livre de la Sagesse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wysheid_fan_Salomo" title="Wysheid fan Salomo – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wysheid fan Salomo" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabhar_na_hEagna" title="Leabhar na hEagna – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leabhar na hEagna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="जाणवाये हें पुस्तक – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="जाणवाये हें पुस्तक" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%ED%98%9C%EC%84%9C" title="지혜서 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지혜서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Իմաստություն Սողոմոնի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իմաստություն Սողոմոնի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjiga_Mudrosti" title="Knjiga Mudrosti – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Knjiga Mudrosti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab_Kebijaksanaan_Salomo" title="Kitab Kebijaksanaan Salomo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kitab Kebijaksanaan Salomo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro_della_Sapienza" title="Libro della Sapienza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Libro della Sapienza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%94_(%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99)" title="חכמת שלמה (ספר חיצוני) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חכמת שלמה (ספר חיצוני)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawicaksanan_Salomo" title="Kawicaksanan Salomo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kawicaksanan Salomo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitabu_cha_Hekima" title="Kitabu cha Hekima – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kitabu cha Hekima" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber_Sapientiae" title="Liber Sapientiae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Liber Sapientiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_b%C3%B6lcsess%C3%A9g_k%C3%B6nyve" title="A bölcsesség könyve – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A bölcsesség könyve" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Мудрост Соломонова – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мудрост Соломонова" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokin%27_ny_Fahendrena" title="Bokin' ny Fahendrena – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bokin' ny Fahendrena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE)" title="ജ്ഞാനം (ബൈബിൾ) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജ്ഞാനം (ബൈബിൾ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D9%87" title="سفر الحكمه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سفر الحكمه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab_Kebijaksanaan_Salomo" title="Kitab Kebijaksanaan Salomo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kitab Kebijaksanaan Salomo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wijsheid_(van_Salomo)" title="Wijsheid (van Salomo) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wijsheid (van Salomo)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E6%81%B5%E3%81%AE%E6%9B%B8" title="知恵の書 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="知恵の書" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visdommens_bok" title="Visdommens bok – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Visdommens bok" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visdomsboka" title="Visdomsboka – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Visdomsboka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksi%C4%99ga_M%C4%85dro%C5%9Bci" title="Księga Mądrości – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Księga Mądrości" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livro_da_Sabedoria" title="Livro da Sabedoria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Livro da Sabedoria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartea_%C3%8En%C8%9Belepciunii" title="Cartea Înțelepciunii – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cartea Înțelepciunii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yachaymanta_qillqasqa" title="Yachaymanta qillqasqa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yachaymanta qillqasqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Книга Премудрости Соломона – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Книга Премудрости Соломона" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urt%C3%ABsia_e_Solomonit_(lib%C3%ABr)" title="Urtësia e Solomonit (libër) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Urtësia e Solomonit (libër)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li 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searchaux" style="display:none">Jewish work written in Greek generally dated to the mid-first century BC</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Greek Jewish scripture. For the Druze scriptures, see <a href="/wiki/Epistles_of_Wisdom" title="Epistles of Wisdom">Epistles of Wisdom</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="line-height:1.4em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.8em;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joshua 1:1 as recorded in the Aleppo Codex"><img alt="Joshua 1:1 as recorded in the Aleppo Codex" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg/220px-Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg/330px-Aleppo_Codex_Joshua_1_1.jpg 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah"><span style="font-size:120%"><i>Torah</i></span> <span class="nobold">(Instruction)</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:11.5em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Bereshit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Shemot</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Wayiqra</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Bemidbar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Devarim</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im"><span style="font-size:120%"><i>Nevi'im</i></span> <span class="nobold">(Prophets)</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im#Former_Prophets" title="Nevi'im">Former</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:10.0em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Yehoshua</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Shofetim</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">Samuel</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Shemuel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Kings</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Melakhim</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im#Latter_Prophets" title="Nevi'im">Latter</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:10.0em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Yeshayahu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Yirmeyahu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Yekhezqel</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor </a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim"><span style="font-size:120%"><i>Ketuvim</i></span> <span class="nobold">(Writings)</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> Poetic</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:15.5em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Tehillim</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Mishlei</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Iyov</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Five_Megillot" title="Five Megillot">Five <i>Megillot</i> <span class="nobold">(Scrolls)</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:15.5em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Shir Hashirim</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Rut</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Eikhah</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Qohelet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Ester</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> Historical</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;width:15.5em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;line-height:1.2em;white-space:nowrap;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Daniyyel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ezra%E2%80%93Nehemiah" title="Ezra–Nehemiah">Ezra–Nehemiah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Ezra</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Chronicles</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:right;font-style:italic;">Divre Hayyamim</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; font-size:115%;padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0.3em;"> <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> <span class="nobold">(Christianity)</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.4em;"> <table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;line-height:1.4em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Pentateuch#Contents" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentateuch">Pentateuch</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Historical_books" title="Historical books">Historical</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1–2 Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">1–2 Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">1–2 Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Poetic_Books" title="Poetic Books">Wisdom</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_books" title="Prophetic books">Prophetic</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major prophets</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor prophets</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;padding-top:0.25em;padding-bottom:0.25em;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanonical</a></span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther#Additions_to_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Additions to Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisdom of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Baruch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> Orthodox only</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Odes_(Bible)" title="Book of Odes (Bible)">Odes</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#e6e6ff;text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meqabyan" title="Meqabyan">1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_of_the_Words_of_Baruch" title="Rest of the Words of Baruch">Paralipomena of Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">Broader canon</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;font-size:105%;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Bible portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tanakh_OT" title="Template:Tanakh OT"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tanakh_OT" title="Template talk:Tanakh OT"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tanakh_OT" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tanakh OT"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Book_of_Wisdom_Belarusian_Skaryna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Book_of_Wisdom_Belarusian_Skaryna.jpg/220px-Book_of_Wisdom_Belarusian_Skaryna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Book_of_Wisdom_Belarusian_Skaryna.jpg/330px-Book_of_Wisdom_Belarusian_Skaryna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Book_of_Wisdom_Belarusian_Skaryna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Image from "Book of Wisdom" of Francysk Skaryna 1518</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Book of Wisdom</b>, or the <b>Wisdom of <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></b>, is a book written in Greek and most likely composed in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. It is not part of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> but is included in the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>. Generally dated to the mid-first century <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">BC</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dines2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dines2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or to the reign of <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a> (AD 37-41),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the central theme of the work is "<a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">wisdom</a>" itself, appearing under two principal aspects. The first aspect is, in its relation to mankind, wisdom is the perfection of knowledge of the righteous as a gift from God showing itself in action. The second aspect is, in direct relation to God, wisdom is with God from all <a href="/wiki/Eternity" title="Eternity">eternity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998294_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanzer1998294-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the seven <a href="/wiki/Sapiential_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapiential Books">sapiential</a> or wisdom books in the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, the others being <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a> (Song of Solomon), <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_of_Sirach" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisdom of Sirach">Sirach</a>. It is one of the <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">deuterocanonical books</a>, i.e. it is included in the canons of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a>, but most <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a> consider it part of the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure,_genre_and_content"><span id="Structure.2C_genre_and_content"></span>Structure, genre and content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Wisdom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure, genre and content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 19 <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a> of the work can be grouped into three sections.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200422–23_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200422–23-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorbury2007650_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorbury2007650-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lester_Grabbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Lester Grabbe">Lester Grabbe</a> organises these as follows: </p> <ol><li>Book of <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatology</a> <ul><li>exhortation to justice</li> <li>speech of the impious, contrasts of the wicked and the just</li> <li>exhortation to wisdom</li></ul></li> <li>Book of Wisdom <ul><li>Solomon's speech concerning wisdom, wealth, power and prayer</li></ul></li> <li>Book of History <ul><li>introduction, followed by diptychs of plagues</li> <li>digression on God's power and mercy</li> <li>digression on false worship and further plagues</li> <li>recapitulation and concluding <a href="/wiki/Doxology" title="Doxology">doxology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200422–23_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200422–23-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ol> <p>The book is addressed to the rulers of the earth (verse 1:1), urging them to love righteousness and seek wisdom; the wicked think that all is chance and that they should enjoy each day, but they are deluded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200413_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200413-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second section Solomon (not explicitly named, but strongly implied) tells of his search for wisdom. </p><p>The Wisdom of Solomon can be linked to several forms of ancient literature, both Jewish and non-Jewish, but it clearly belongs with biblical Wisdom books such as <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Job" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Job">the Book of Job</a>, one of only five such books among ancient Jewish literature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200425_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200425-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of classical genre it has been identified as an <a href="/wiki/Encomium" title="Encomium">encomium</a> and with the Greek genre of the "exhortatory discourse", by which a teacher attempts to persuade others to a certain course of action.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200425–26_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200425–26-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canonicity">Canonicity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Wisdom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Canonicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> in the 2nd century AD refers to uncertainty about the Book of Wisdom.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (possibly) in the 2nd century AD, <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 397</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Pope Innocent I</a> (405)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> considered Wisdom of Solomon as part of the Old Testament. <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius</a> writes that the Book of Wisdom along with three other deuterocanonical books, while not being part of the Canon, "were appointed by the Fathers to be read".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a> (<span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 385</span>) mentions that the Wisdom of Solomon was of disputed canonicity.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the monk <a href="/wiki/Rufinus_of_Aquileia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rufinus of Aquileia">Rufinus of Aquileia</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 400<span class="nowrap"> </span>AD</span>) the Book of Wisdom was categorized as "ecclesiastical" rather than "canonical".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Book of Wisdom was listed as canonical by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Rome" title="Council of Rome">Council of Rome</a> (AD 382),<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Hippo" title="Synod of Hippo">Synod of Hippo</a> (393),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Carthage_(397)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Carthage (397)">Council of Carthage (397)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Carthage_(419)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Carthage (419)">Council of Carthage (419)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Quinisext_Council" title="Quinisext Council">Quinisext Council (692)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Council of Florence</a> (in 1442)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Council of Trent</a> (in 1546).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a> in his <i>Exposition of the Orthodox Faith</i> (c. 730) the Book of Wisdom is not in the ark: "There are also the Panaretus, that is the Wisdom of Solomon, and the Wisdom of Jesus, which was published in Hebrew by the father of Sirach, and afterwards translated into Greek by his grandson, Jesus, the Son of Sirach. These are virtuous and noble, but are not counted nor were they placed in the ark."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Wisdom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a general consensus among scholars (with only a few dissenting voices) that the Wisdom of Solomon was written in Greek, in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> (Egypt), around the turn of the era - late first century BC. to early first century AD. Alexandria is where the Greek Bible was translated and put together. What is known of the Jewish community there accords with what can be deduced from the text about the audience for which it was written. It shares an outlook similar to that of other texts such as <a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Aristeas" title="Letter of Aristeas">Letter of Aristeas</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Works_of_Philo" class="mw-redirect" title="Works of Philo">works of Philo</a>, which all came from this community. One specific indication of Egyptian origin is the author's use of Egyptian imagery of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> to describe personified Wisdom as a divine female figure. Another is the very clear interest in Egypt revealed in the third section of the book (chs. 10-19). Ch. 10 begins a review of Israel's history but never gets beyond the exodus story, where the text indulges in a sharp polemic against idolatry in its particular Egyptian manifestation, that is, the animal cult (see 12:24; 15:18-19). There are no clear allusions to contemporary historical events in the book, so one can suggest only an approximate date for it. Since the author quotes from most parts of the <a href="/wiki/LXX" class="mw-redirect" title="LXX">LXX</a> version of the OT, he cannot have been writing much before the middle of the second century BC. </p><p>Winston 1979: 20-25 argues that the earliest date for the book can be more precisely fixed as sometime after the Roman conquest of Egypt in 30 BC on the grounds that 14:16-20 is an allusion to the emperor cult begun under <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>. He confirms this conclusion by an analysis of the thirty-five Greek words in the Wisdom of Solomon which are not attested in other Greek literature before the first century AD. Larcher 1983: 1:141-61 argues that the book was composed over a period of time between 31 and 10 BC. The latest possible date for the work is more difficult to fix than the earliest. Most scholars feel that Wisdom predates <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a> and was also used by some NT authors, particularly Paul and the author of the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a>. This would make it no later than the early first century AD. Winston dates it precisely to the reign of Caligula (AD 37-41) when the Alexandrian Jewish community underwent a particularly severe crisis which he feels is reflected in the harsh anti-Gentile tone of the book. Larcher is not convinced of this later dating. It is safest to say that the Wisdom of Solomon was probably written about thirty years either side of the turn of the era. </p><p>The author's prime literary source was the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, in particular the <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_literature" title="Wisdom literature">Wisdom literature</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a>, and he was familiar with late Jewish works as the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Book of Enoch</a> and with Greek philosophical literature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayman2003763_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayman2003763-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is uncertain whether the book has a single author or comes from a school of writers, it is said to be "written by the friends of Solomon in his honour" in the <a href="/wiki/Muratorian_fragment" title="Muratorian fragment">Muratorian Fragment</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but recent scholarship has favoured regarding it as a unified work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200424_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200424-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In either case its blend of Greek and Jewish features suggests a learned Hellenistic background, and despite the address to the "rulers of the world" the actual audience was probably members of the author's own community who were tempted to give up their Jewishness in the face of the temptations of Greek culture and the hostile conditions facing Jews in the Greek world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998294_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanzer1998294-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Wisdom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Themes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The book opens with the opposed pairs righteousness/unrighteousness and death/immortality: those who do not follow righteousness will fall into "senseless reasoning" and will not be open to wisdom; wisdom is not an inherent human quality nor one that can be taught, but comes from outside, and only to those who are prepared through righteousness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayman2003764_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayman2003764-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suffering of the righteous will be rewarded with immortality, while the wicked will end miserably.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorbury2007655–656_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorbury2007655–656-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unrighteous are doomed because they do not know God's purpose, but the righteous will judge the unrighteous in God's presence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998293_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanzer1998293-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lady Wisdom, first referred to as "she" in Wisdom 6:12, dominates the middle section of the book (chapters 6-9), in which Solomon speaks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998293_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanzer1998293-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She existed from the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">Creation</a>, and God is her source and guide.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998293_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanzer1998293-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is to be loved and desired, and kings seek her: Solomon himself preferred wisdom to wealth, health, and all other things.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorbury2007658_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorbury2007658-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She in turn has always come to the aid of the righteous, from Adam to <a href="/wiki/The_Exodus" title="The Exodus">the Exodus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998294_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanzer1998294-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final section, chapters 10-19, takes up the theme of the rescue of the righteous, taking the Exodus as its focus: "You (God) have not neglected to help (your people the Jews) at all times and in all places." (Wisdom 19:22).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998294_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanzer1998294-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Wisdom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>19th-century American author <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a> marked his copy of the <i>Wisdom of Solomon</i> heavily. Without knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Biblical_criticism" title="Biblical criticism">biblical criticism</a>, he managed to note the interplay of Hellenistic <a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Jewish philosophy</a>, writing, "this admirable book seems partly Mosaic & partly Platonic in its tone. Who wrote it I know not. Someone to whom both Plato and Moses stood for godfather."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The interplay of multiple philosophies is exemplified in many of Melville's works, specifically <i><a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Clarel" title="Clarel">Clarel</a></i>, wherein religious and philosophical interplay represent the struggle for certainty in the 19th century. </p><p>A considerable portion of the <i>Wisdom of Solomon</i>, starting with Chapter II, was read at <a href="/wiki/Virginia_v._John_Brown#Meetings" title="Virginia v. John Brown">a memorial service</a> in <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord, Massachusetts</a>, on December 2, 1859, the day of the execution of the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionist</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Wisdom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_wisdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomonic wisdom">Solomonic wisdom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Wisdom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Dines2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dines2004_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Mary_Dines2004" class="citation book cs1">Jennifer Mary Dines (8 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_g_UAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19"><i>The Septuagint</i></a>. A&C Black. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-08464-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-08464-4"><bdi>978-0-567-08464-4</bdi></a>. <q>usually assigned to the late first century BC</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Septuagint&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2004-06-08&rft.isbn=978-0-567-08464-4&rft.au=Jennifer+Mary+Dines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_g_UAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosman" class="citation web cs1">Bosman, Hendrik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0259-94222012000100068">"The theological paraphrasing of history: The Exodus tradition in the Wisdom of Solomon"</a>. <i>Scielo</i>. Stellenbosch University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scielo&rft.atitle=The+theological+paraphrasing+of+history%3A+The+Exodus+tradition+in+the+Wisdom+of+Solomon&rft.aulast=Bosman&rft.aufirst=Hendrik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.org.za%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_arttext%26pid%3DS0259-94222012000100068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETanzer1998294-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998294_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998294_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998294_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998294_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTanzer1998">Tanzer 1998</a>, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Bible" title="Jerusalem Bible">Jerusalem Bible</a> (1966), <i>Introduction to the Wisdom of Solomon, p. 1004</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200422–23-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200422–23_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200422–23_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrabbe2004">Grabbe 2004</a>, pp. 22–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorbury2007650-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorbury2007650_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorbury2007">Horbury 2007</a>, p. 650.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200413-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200413_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrabbe2004">Grabbe 2004</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200425-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200425_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrabbe2004">Grabbe 2004</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200425–26-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200425–26_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrabbe2004">Grabbe 2004</a>, pp. 25–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooganBrettlerNewsomPerkins2018" class="citation book cs1">Coogan, Michael; Brettler, Marc; Newsom, Carol; Perkins, Pheme (2018-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NHhUDwAAQBAJ&dq=Origen+doubts+book+of+wisdom&pg=PA73"><i>The New Oxford Annotated Apocrypha: New Revised Standard Version</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-027613-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-027613-3"><bdi>978-0-19-027613-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Oxford+Annotated+Apocrypha%3A+New+Revised+Standard+Version&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018-03-01&rft.isbn=978-0-19-027613-3&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Brettler%2C+Marc&rft.au=Newsom%2C+Carol&rft.au=Perkins%2C+Pheme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNHhUDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DOrigen%2Bdoubts%2Bbook%2Bof%2Bwisdom%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEusebius" class="citation book cs1">Eusebius. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/250104.htm"><i>Church History (Book IV)</i></a>. Newadvent.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Church+History+%28Book+IV%29&rft.pub=Newadvent.org&rft.au=Eusebius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F250104.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugustine_of_Hippo" class="citation book cs1">Augustine of Hippo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/12022.htm"><i>On Christian Doctrine Book II Chapter 8:2</i></a>. newadvent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Christian+Doctrine+Book+II+Chapter+8%3A2&rft.pub=newadvent&rft.au=Augustine+of+Hippo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F12022.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bible-researcher.com/innocent.html"><i>Letter from Innocent I to Exsuperius, bishop of Toulouse</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letter+from+Innocent+I+to+Exsuperius%2C+bishop+of+Toulouse.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bible-researcher.com%2Finnocent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestcott2005" class="citation book cs1">Westcott, Brooke Foss (2005). <i>A general survey of the history of the canon of the New Testament Page 570</i> (6th ed.). Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1597522392" title="Special:BookSources/1597522392"><bdi>1597522392</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+general+survey+of+the+history+of+the+canon+of+the+New+Testament+Page+570&rft.place=Eugene%2C+OR&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Wipf+%26+Stock&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1597522392&rft.aulast=Westcott&rft.aufirst=Brooke+Foss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf204.xxv.iii.iii.xxv.html">Athanasius of Alexandria, Excerpt from Letter 39</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1987" class="citation book cs1">Williams, translated by Frank (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906041916/http://www.masseiana.org/panarion_bk1.htm"><i>The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis 8:6:1-4</i></a> (2. impression. ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004079262" title="Special:BookSources/9004079262"><bdi>9004079262</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masseiana.org/panarion_bk1.htm">the original</a> on 6 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Panarion+of+Epiphanius+of+Salamis+8%3A6%3A1-4&rft.place=Leiden&rft.edition=2.+impression.&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9004079262&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=translated+by+Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masseiana.org%2Fpanarion_bk1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRufinus_of_Aquileia" class="citation book cs1">Rufinus of Aquileia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2711.htm"><i>Commentary on the Apostles' Creed #38</i></a>. newadvent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commentary+on+the+Apostles%27+Creed+%2338&rft.pub=newadvent&rft.au=Rufinus+of+Aquileia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F2711.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tertullian.org/decretum_eng.htm">Decretum Galasianum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.xv.iv.iv.xxv.html">"Canon XXIV. (Greek xxvii.)"</a>, <i>The Canons of the 217 Blessed Fathers who assembled at Carthage</i>, Christian Classics Ethereal Library</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Canon+XXIV.+%28Greek+xxvii.%29&rft.btitle=The+Canons+of+the+217+Blessed+Fathers+who+assembled+at+Carthage&rft.pub=Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fnpnf214.xv.iv.iv.xxv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. F. Westcott, <i>A General Survey of the History of the Canon of the New Testament</i> (5th ed. Edinburgh, 1881), pp. 440, 541-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3816.htm">Council of Carthage (in 419) Canon 24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apologetica.ru/otvet/kanon-biblii-istoriia-kanonizatcii-knig-sviashchennogo-pisaniia.html">"Канон Библии. История канонизации книг Священного Писания"</a>. <i>apologetica.ru</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apologetica.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapologetica.ru%2Fotvet%2Fkanon-biblii-istoriia-kanonizatcii-knig-sviashchennogo-pisaniia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/FLORENAD.HTM">Session 11—4 February 1442</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/COUNCILS/TRENT4.htm">Session IV Celebrated on the eighth day of April, 1546 under Pope Paul III</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John of Damascus, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/33044.htm">An Exposition of the Orthodox Faith (Book IV)</a>, translated by E.W. Watson and L. Pullan, from <i>Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers</i>, Second Series, Vol. 9, edited by Philip Schaff and Henry Wace. (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1899.) revised and edited for <i>New Advent</i> by Kevin Knight, accessed on 22 September 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayman2003763-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayman2003763_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayman2003">Hayman 2003</a>, p. 763.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume V/Caius/Fragments of Caius/Canon Muratorianus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ante-Nicene_Fathers/Volume_V/Caius/Fragments_of_Caius/Canon_Muratorianus">"Canon Muratorianus" </a></span>. <i>Ante-Nicene Fathers</i> – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Canon+Muratorianus&rft.btitle=Ante-Nicene+Fathers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200424-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrabbe200424_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrabbe2004">Grabbe 2004</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayman2003764-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayman2003764_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayman2003">Hayman 2003</a>, p. 764.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorbury2007655–656-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorbury2007655–656_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorbury2007">Horbury 2007</a>, pp. 655–656.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETanzer1998293-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998293_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998293_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETanzer1998293_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTanzer1998">Tanzer 1998</a>, p. 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorbury2007658-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorbury2007658_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHorbury2007">Horbury 2007</a>, p. 658.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelville1987" class="citation book cs1">Melville, Herman (1987). <i>Melville's Marginalia</i>. New York: Garland. p. 315. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824000578" title="Special:BookSources/9780824000578"><bdi>9780824000578</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Melville%27s+Marginalia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=315&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780824000578&rft.aulast=Melville&rft.aufirst=Herman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedpath1860" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Redpath" title="James Redpath">Redpath, James</a> (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ASPC0005147600/page/451/mode/2up">"Services at Concord"</a>. <i>Echoes of Harper's Ferry</i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Thayer_and_Eldridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Thayer and Eldridge">Thayer and Eldridge</a>. pp. 437–454, at pp. 451–454.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Services+at+Concord&rft.btitle=Echoes+of+Harper%27s+Ferry&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=437-454%2C+at+pp.+451-454&rft.pub=Thayer+and+Eldridge&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Redpath&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FASPC0005147600%2Fpage%2F451%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Wisdom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrabbe2004" class="citation book cs1">Grabbe, Lester L. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RQ_UAwAAQBAJ&q=%22question+of+the+unity+of+the+wisdom+of+solomon%22&pg=PA24"><i>Wisdom of Solomon</i></a>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567084446" title="Special:BookSources/9780567084446"><bdi>9780567084446</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wisdom+of+Solomon&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780567084446&rft.aulast=Grabbe&rft.aufirst=Lester+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRQ_UAwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522question%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bunity%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bwisdom%2Bof%2Bsolomon%2522%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayman2003" class="citation book cs1">Hayman, A. Peter (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&q=%22The+wisdom+of+solomon+was+written+in+Greek%22&pg=PA763">"The Wisdom of Solomon"</a>. In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). <i>Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802837110" title="Special:BookSources/9780802837110"><bdi>9780802837110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Wisdom+of+Solomon&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780802837110&rft.aulast=Hayman&rft.aufirst=A.+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Vo-11umIZQC%26q%3D%2522The%2Bwisdom%2Bof%2Bsolomon%2Bwas%2Bwritten%2Bin%2BGreek%2522%26pg%3DPA763&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorbury2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Horbury" title="William Horbury">Horbury, William</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DWUTDAAAQBAJ&q=%22preserved+in+Greek+and+in+versions+made+from+the+Greek%22&pg=PA650">"43. The Wisdom of Solomon"</a>. In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). <i>The Oxford Bible Commentary</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199277186" title="Special:BookSources/9780199277186"><bdi>9780199277186</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=43.+The+Wisdom+of+Solomon&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Bible+Commentary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780199277186&rft.aulast=Horbury&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDWUTDAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522preserved%2Bin%2BGreek%2Band%2Bin%2Bversions%2Bmade%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2BGreek%2522%26pg%3DPA650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanzer1998" class="citation book cs1">Tanzer, Sarah J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ymp4S2qZJ4cC&q=%22wisdom+of+solomon+is+an+exhortatory+discourse%22&pg=PA293">"The Wisdom of Solomon"</a>. In Newsom, Carol Ann; Ringe, Sharon H. (eds.). <i>Women's Bible Commentary</i>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664257811" title="Special:BookSources/9780664257811"><bdi>9780664257811</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Wisdom+of+Solomon&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Bible+Commentary&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780664257811&rft.aulast=Tanzer&rft.aufirst=Sarah+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dymp4S2qZJ4cC%26q%3D%2522wisdom%2Bof%2Bsolomon%2Bis%2Ban%2Bexhortatory%2Bdiscourse%2522%26pg%3DPA293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABook+of+Wisdom" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book_of_Wisdom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Text</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.usccb.org/bible/wisdom/0">Wisdom, THE BOOK OF WISDOM</a>, UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF CATHOLIC BISHOPS (USCCB)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="3">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Song of Solomon">Song of Solomon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> Old Testament </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sirach" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirach">Sirach</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> Old Testament<br /><small>see <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a></small> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Apocryphon" title="Genesis Apocryphon">Genesis Apocryphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="Life of Adam and Eve">Life of Adam and Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Qahat" title="Testament of Qahat">Testament of Qahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visions_of_Amram" title="Visions of Amram">Visions of Amram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Book of Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Enoch" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Enoch">1 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Enoch" title="2 Enoch">2 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Enoch" title="3 Enoch">3 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testaments_of_the_Twelve_Patriarchs" title="Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs">Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Abraham" title="Testament of Abraham">Testament of Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Abraham" title="Apocalypse of Abraham">Apocalypse of Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Moses" title="Assumption of Moses">Assumption of Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_and_Aseneth" title="Joseph and Aseneth">Joseph and Aseneth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apocrypha in <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Isaiah" title="Ascension of Isaiah">Ascension of Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Baruch" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Baruch">1 Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">2 Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Baruch" title="3 Baruch">3 Baruch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apocrypha in <a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Book of Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_of_Solomon" title="Psalms of Solomon">Psalms of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Job" title="Testament of Job">Testament of Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_152%E2%80%93155" title="Psalms 152–155">Psalms 152–155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_the_Book_of_Esther" class="mw-redirect" title="Additions to the Book of Esther">Additions to the Book of Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other apocrypha</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Book of Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Book of Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Book of Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Aristeas" title="Letter of Aristeas">Letter of Aristeas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibylline_Oracles" title="Sibylline Oracles">Sibylline Oracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Philo" title="Pseudo-Philo"> Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Books_of_the_Bible" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Template talk:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books_of_the_Bible" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books of the Bible"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Books_of_the_Bible" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Books</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Protocanonical_books" title="Protocanonical books">(protocanon)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Exodus" title="Book of Exodus">Exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leviticus" title="Book of Leviticus">Leviticus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Numbers" title="Book of Numbers">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joshua" title="Book of Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judges" title="Book of Judges">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1–2 Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">1–2 Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">1–2 Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezra" title="Book of Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nehemiah" title="Book of Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Job" title="Book of Job">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Hosea" title="Book of Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Amos" title="Book of Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Obadiah" title="Book of Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jonah" title="Book of Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Micah" title="Book of Micah">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Nahum" title="Book of Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Habakkuk" title="Book of Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zephaniah" title="Book of Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Haggai" title="Book of Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Malachi" title="Book of Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanon</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">apocrypha</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther#Additions_to_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Additions to Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Baruch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Song of the Three Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Eastern Orthodox & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Odes_(Bible)" title="Book of Odes (Bible)">Odes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meqabyan" title="Meqabyan">1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_of_the_Words_of_Baruch" title="Rest of the Words of Baruch">Paralipomena of Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon#Broader_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">Broader canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syriac <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_152%E2%80%93155" title="Psalms 152–155">Psalms 152–155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">2 Baruch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testaments_of_the_Three_Patriarchs" title="Testaments of the Three Patriarchs">Testaments of the Three Patriarchs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Abraham" title="Testament of Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Isaac" title="Testament of Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Jacob" title="Testament of Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament canon">Canon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Laodiceans" title="Epistle to the Laodiceans">Laodiceans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">1 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John">3 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Paul" title="Acts of Paul">Acts of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_the_Hebrews" title="Gospel of the Hebrews">Gospel of the Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">1 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Clement" title="Second Epistle of Clement">2 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Third Epistle to the Corinthians">3 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_of_Hermas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd of Hermas">Shepherd of Hermas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">Chapters and verses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah#Pentateuch" title="Torah">Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_books" title="Historical books">Historical books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_literature#Sapiential_Books" title="Wisdom literature">Wisdom books</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poetic_Books" title="Poetic Books">Poetic Books</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_books" title="Prophetic books">Prophetic books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor prophets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gospels">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Johannine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_epistles" title="Pastoral epistles">Pastoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_canon" title="Development of the Hebrew Bible canon">Jewish canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertestamental_period" title="Intertestamental period">Intertestamental period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Christian canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Old_Testament_canon" title="Development of the Old Testament canon">Old Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apocrypha" title="Jewish apocrypha">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudepigrapha" title="Pseudepigrapha">Pseudepigrapha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_Testament_pseudepigrapha" title="List of Old Testament pseudepigrapha">Old Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating the Bible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">Manuscripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diatessaron" title="Diatessaron">Diatessaron</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muratorian_fragment" title="Muratorian fragment">Muratorian fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">New Testament manuscript categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_papyri" title="List of New Testament papyri">New Testament papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_uncials" title="List of New Testament uncials">New Testament uncials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_version_debate" title="Bible version debate">Bible version debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations" title="List of English Bible translations">English Bible translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible" title="Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible">Other books referenced in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">Additional Scriptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Biblical and Quranic narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Hippo" title="Synod of Hippo">Synod of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">Textual criticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible" title="Category:Bible">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bible" title="Portal:Bible">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Bible" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Bible">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Solomon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solomon" title="Template:Solomon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solomon" title="Template talk:Solomon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solomon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solomon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Solomon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and<br />reputed relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic line</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I">Menelik I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">Solomonic dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naamah_(wife_of_Solomon)" title="Naamah (wife of Solomon)">Naamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(wife_of_Solomon)" title="Pharaoh's daughter (wife of Solomon)">Pharaoh's daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehoboam" title="Rehoboam">Rehoboam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occurrences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_Solomon" title="Judgement of Solomon">Judgement of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_and_Marcolf" title="Solomon and Marcolf">Solomon and Marcolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Solomon in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_shamir" title="Solomon's shamir">Solomon's shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throne_of_Solomon" title="Throne of Solomon">Throne of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_ants" title="Valley of the ants">Valley of the ants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reputed works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Protocanonical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_72" title="Psalm 72">Psalm 72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_127" title="Psalm 127">Psalm 127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li></ul></li> <li>Deuterocanonical <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Book of Wisdom</a></li></ul></li> <li>Apocryphal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odes_of_Solomon" title="Odes of Solomon">Odes of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Solomon" title="Prayer of Solomon">Prayer of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_of_Solomon" title="Psalms of Solomon">Psalms of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Solomon" title="Testament of Solomon">Testament of Solomon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grimoires <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Key_of_Solomon" title="Key of Solomon">Key of Solomon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lesser_Key_of_Solomon" title="The Lesser Key of Solomon">The Lesser Key of Solomon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magical_Treatise_of_Solomon" title="Magical Treatise of Solomon">Magical Treatise of Solomon</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boaz_and_Jachin" title="Boaz and Jachin">Boaz and Jachin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Solomon%27s_Mines" title="King Solomon's Mines">King Solomon's Mines</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Solomon" title="Seal of Solomon">Seal of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_column" title="Solomonic column">Solomonic column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_knot" title="Solomon's knot">Solomon's knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Pools" title="Solomon's Pools">Solomon's Pools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcery_(goetia)" title="Sorcery (goetia)">Sorcery (goetia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Monarchy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202135#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202135#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202135#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/181882880">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/176429942">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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