CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="O8vRu4XxgEX/S2wnZfIlmfdwKYqoXIj6y75POjKxaCL5+i5G79P6PINCQUY/BUutzxD2aBDyfUT5Oma+B0JLag==" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?after=50%2C25106848" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":15276,"monthly_visitors":"112 million","monthly_visitor_count":112794806,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":112,"user_count":277178539,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732454766000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732454766000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-296162c7af6fd81dcdd76f1a94f1fad04fb5f647401337d136fe8b68742170b1.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-8d53a22151f33ab413d88fa1c02f979c3f8706d470fc1bced09852c72a9f3454.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-f8fe82512740391f81c9e8cc48220144024b425b359b08194e316f4de070b9e8.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">6,966 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Applied and Environmental Microbiology</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61735079" data-work_id="61735079" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61735079/Formation_of_N_Ethylmaleimide_NEM_Glutathione_Conjugate_and_N_Ethylmaleamic_Acid_Revealed_by_Mass_Spectral_Characterization_of_Intracellular_and_Extracellular_">Formation of N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM)-Glutathione Conjugate and N-Ethylmaleamic Acid Revealed by Mass Spectral Characterization of Intracellular and Extracellular …</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The extracellular and intracellular metabolites formed upon exposure of activated sludge microorganisms to a sublethal concentration of N-ethylmaleimide were monitored by liquid chromatography with ion trap mass spectrometry. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61735079" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The extracellular and intracellular metabolites formed upon exposure of activated sludge microorganisms to a sublethal concentration of N-ethylmaleimide were monitored by liquid chromatography with ion trap mass spectrometry. The metabolite N-ethylsuccinimido-S-glutathione (m/z 433) was converted rapidly to N-(2-oxoethyl)-2,2-(propionylamino)propanamide (m/z 187) and N-ethylmaleamic acid (m/z 144).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61735079" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8453ef820b5b67220181a89bbc5b094a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74697822,"asset_id":61735079,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74697822/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17131321" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElmerRicoMojica">Elmer-Rico Mojica</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17131321" type="text/json">{"id":17131321,"first_name":"Elmer-Rico","last_name":"Mojica","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElmerRicoMojica","display_name":"Elmer-Rico Mojica","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElmerRicoMojica?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17131321/4717787/5442063/s65_elmer-rico.mojica.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61735079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61735079"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61735079, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61735079", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_61735079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61735079; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_61735079"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_61735079 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="61735079"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 61735079; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=61735079]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_61735079").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_61735079").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="61735079"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5769" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry">Mass Spectrometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5769" type="text/json">{"id":5769,"name":"Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_Sludge">Activated Sludge</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16122" type="text/json">{"id":16122,"name":"Activated Sludge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_Sludge?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49088" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49088" type="text/json">{"id":49088,"name":"Biodegradation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodegradation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=61735079]'), work: {"id":61735079,"title":"Formation of N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM)-Glutathione Conjugate and N-Ethylmaleamic Acid Revealed by Mass Spectral Characterization of Intracellular and Extracellular …","created_at":"2021-11-15T17:51:36.009-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/61735079/Formation_of_N_Ethylmaleimide_NEM_Glutathione_Conjugate_and_N_Ethylmaleamic_Acid_Revealed_by_Mass_Spectral_Characterization_of_Intracellular_and_Extracellular_?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_61735079","summary":"The extracellular and intracellular metabolites formed upon exposure of activated sludge microorganisms to a sublethal concentration of N-ethylmaleimide were monitored by liquid chromatography with ion trap mass spectrometry. The metabolite N-ethylsuccinimido-S-glutathione (m/z 433) was converted rapidly to N-(2-oxoethyl)-2,2-(propionylamino)propanamide (m/z 187) and N-ethylmaleamic acid (m/z 144).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74697822,"asset_id":61735079,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17131321,"first_name":"Elmer-Rico","last_name":"Mojica","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElmerRicoMojica","display_name":"Elmer-Rico Mojica","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElmerRicoMojica?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17131321/4717787/5442063/s65_elmer-rico.mojica.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5769,"name":"Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":16122,"name":"Activated Sludge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Activated_Sludge?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":49088,"name":"Biodegradation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodegradation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":118450,"name":"Glutathione","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glutathione?f_ri=208294"},{"id":155096,"name":"Detoxification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Detoxification?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":225787,"name":"High Performance Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Performance_Liquid_Chromatography?f_ri=208294"},{"id":264953,"name":"Microorganism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microorganism?f_ri=208294"},{"id":528241,"name":"Biotransformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotransformation?f_ri=208294"},{"id":695018,"name":"Molecular weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_weight?f_ri=208294"},{"id":764799,"name":"Metabolic pathway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metabolic_pathway?f_ri=208294"},{"id":783419,"name":"Batch Reactor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Batch_Reactor?f_ri=208294"},{"id":957359,"name":"Culture Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_Media?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1274621,"name":"Extracellular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extracellular?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1469979,"name":"Maleimides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maleimides?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1627116,"name":"Microbial community","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_community?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2032101,"name":"Intracellular","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intracellular?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2773878,"name":"Municipal Wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Municipal_Wastewater?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6826012" data-work_id="6826012" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6826012/Antifungal_Activity_of_Phenyllactic_Acid_against_Molds_Isolated_from_Bakery_Products">Antifungal Activity of Phenyllactic Acid against Molds Isolated from Bakery Products</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6826012" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38c69c5ebd6e81f090deba1965f90aaa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35348347,"asset_id":6826012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35348347/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11364178" href="https://independent.academia.edu/valeriofrancesca">francesca valerio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11364178" type="text/json">{"id":11364178,"first_name":"francesca","last_name":"valerio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"valeriofrancesca","display_name":"francesca valerio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/valeriofrancesca?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6826012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6826012"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6826012, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6826012", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6826012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6826012; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6826012"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6826012 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6826012"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6826012; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6826012]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6826012").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6826012").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6826012"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31632" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology">Food Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31632" type="text/json">{"id":31632,"name":"Food Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74144" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid_Bacteria">Lactic Acid Bacteria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="74144" type="text/json">{"id":74144,"name":"Lactic Acid Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid_Bacteria?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6826012]'), work: {"id":6826012,"title":"Antifungal Activity of Phenyllactic Acid against Molds Isolated from Bakery Products","created_at":"2014-04-21T18:01:06.497-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6826012/Antifungal_Activity_of_Phenyllactic_Acid_against_Molds_Isolated_from_Bakery_Products?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_6826012","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35348347,"asset_id":6826012,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11364178,"first_name":"francesca","last_name":"valerio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"valeriofrancesca","display_name":"francesca valerio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/valeriofrancesca?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":31632,"name":"Food Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":74144,"name":"Lactic Acid Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid_Bacteria?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":86573,"name":"Bread","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bread?f_ri=208294"},{"id":106368,"name":"Lactobacillus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactobacillus?f_ri=208294"},{"id":107051,"name":"Propionic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propionic_Acid?f_ri=208294"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":179589,"name":"Water Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Activity?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":215543,"name":"Antifungal Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Activity?f_ri=208294"},{"id":274826,"name":"Hydrogen Peroxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Peroxide?f_ri=208294"},{"id":335361,"name":"Infrared","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infrared?f_ri=208294"},{"id":347988,"name":"Phenols","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenols?f_ri=208294"},{"id":540145,"name":"Food system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_system?f_ri=208294"},{"id":552209,"name":"Antifungal Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antifungal_Agents?f_ri=208294"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=208294"},{"id":569759,"name":"Modified atmosphere packaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modified_atmosphere_packaging?f_ri=208294"},{"id":616972,"name":"Low Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Temperature?f_ri=208294"},{"id":723149,"name":"Acetic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acetic_Acid?f_ri=208294"},{"id":769359,"name":"Growth Inhibition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_Inhibition?f_ri=208294"},{"id":957359,"name":"Culture Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_Media?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1074508,"name":"Lactic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1324199,"name":"Modified Atmosphere Packing of Fruits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modified_Atmosphere_Packing_of_Fruits?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1701407,"name":"Organic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organic_Acid?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19564602" data-work_id="19564602" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19564602/Characterization_of_superoxide_dismutase_in_Streptococcus_thermophilus">Characterization of superoxide dismutase in Streptococcus thermophilus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19564602" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba2f285decf9a67b85f6bf80b88c513d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42083228,"asset_id":19564602,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42083228/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14511478" href="https://ncsu.academia.edu/HosniHassan">Hosni Hassan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14511478" type="text/json">{"id":14511478,"first_name":"Hosni","last_name":"Hassan","domain_name":"ncsu","page_name":"HosniHassan","display_name":"Hosni Hassan","profile_url":"https://ncsu.academia.edu/HosniHassan?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14511478/11242210/12543599/s65_hosni.hassan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19564602 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19564602"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19564602, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19564602", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19564602 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19564602; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19564602"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19564602 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19564602"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19564602; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19564602]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19564602").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19564602").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19564602"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107664" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied Environmental Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="107664" type="text/json">{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113903" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria">Bacteria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="113903" type="text/json">{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19564602]'), work: {"id":19564602,"title":"Characterization of superoxide dismutase in Streptococcus thermophilus","created_at":"2015-12-08T13:05:30.323-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19564602/Characterization_of_superoxide_dismutase_in_Streptococcus_thermophilus?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_19564602","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42083228,"asset_id":19564602,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14511478,"first_name":"Hosni","last_name":"Hassan","domain_name":"ncsu","page_name":"HosniHassan","display_name":"Hosni Hassan","profile_url":"https://ncsu.academia.edu/HosniHassan?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14511478/11242210/12543599/s65_hosni.hassan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":213340,"name":"Paraquat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paraquat?f_ri=208294"},{"id":213343,"name":"Superoxide Dismutase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superoxide_Dismutase?f_ri=208294"},{"id":498553,"name":"Streptococcus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Streptococcus?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2153835,"name":"Enzyme Induction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Induction?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69577122" data-work_id="69577122" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69577122/Comparative_analysis_of_nitrifying_bacteria_associated_with_freshwater_and_marine_aquaria">Comparative analysis of nitrifying bacteria associated with freshwater and marine aquaria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">aquaria.associated with freshwater and marine Comparative analysis of nitrifying bacteria</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69577122" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6512b63ed8226cff25c8b3858c2e0ba6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79619759,"asset_id":69577122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79619759/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="167328619" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimothyHovanec">Timothy Hovanec</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="167328619" type="text/json">{"id":167328619,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Hovanec","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TimothyHovanec","display_name":"Timothy Hovanec","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TimothyHovanec?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/167328619/51931898/40024481/s65_timothy.hovanec.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69577122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69577122"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69577122, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69577122", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69577122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69577122; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69577122"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69577122 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69577122"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69577122; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69577122]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69577122").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69577122").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69577122"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107664" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="107664" type="text/json">{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69577122]'), work: {"id":69577122,"title":"Comparative analysis of nitrifying bacteria associated with freshwater and marine aquaria","created_at":"2022-01-26T23:48:10.517-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69577122/Comparative_analysis_of_nitrifying_bacteria_associated_with_freshwater_and_marine_aquaria?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_69577122","summary":"aquaria.associated with freshwater and marine Comparative analysis of nitrifying bacteria","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79619759,"asset_id":69577122,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":167328619,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Hovanec","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"TimothyHovanec","display_name":"Timothy Hovanec","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/TimothyHovanec?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/167328619/51931898/40024481/s65_timothy.hovanec.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=208294"},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=208294"},{"id":184467,"name":"Seawater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seawater?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":219724,"name":"Ammonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ammonia?f_ri=208294"},{"id":340277,"name":"Natural Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Environment?f_ri=208294"},{"id":439435,"name":"Fresh water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_water?f_ri=208294"},{"id":480463,"name":"Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrite_Oxidizing_Bacteria?f_ri=208294"},{"id":646441,"name":"Water Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1611268,"name":"Ammonia oxidizing bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ammonia_oxidizing_bacteria?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1654024,"name":"Nitrites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrites?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1727314,"name":"Nucleic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleic_Acid?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26157542" data-work_id="26157542" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26157542/Accumulation_of_Heavy_Metals_in_Mangrove_Sediments_of_Chumphon_Province_Thailand">Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Mangrove Sediments of Chumphon Province, Thailand</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The objective of this study was two-fold: to examine the heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) levels that have accumulated in mangrove forest sediments in Chumphon Province, Thailand, and to determine the relationship between heavy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26157542" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The objective of this study was two-fold: to examine the heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) levels that have accumulated in mangrove forest sediments in Chumphon Province, Thailand, and to determine the relationship between heavy metals and the physiochemical properties of sediment. The sediment was digested with HNO3 and HCl using a milestone microwave digestion system (model MLS-1200 MEGA), followed by the addition of 50 ml distilled water. The concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Zn in the filtered and digested samples were determined by air-acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS, model Varian SpectrAA 220FS). Cd and Pb were analyzed by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GASS, model Varian SpectrAA220). The accumulation of heavy metals originated largely upstream and decreased towards the canal mouths. The highest levels of heavy metals were found at E-let canal (Thung Kha Bay). The heavy metals present in our study area, listed f...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26157542" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="09ad4ac6dd59af89628557dbe800c8ab" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46486786,"asset_id":26157542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46486786/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30532745" href="https://mahidol.academia.edu/Pumijumnongnathsuda">nathsuda Pumijumnong</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30532745" type="text/json">{"id":30532745,"first_name":"nathsuda","last_name":"Pumijumnong","domain_name":"mahidol","page_name":"Pumijumnongnathsuda","display_name":"nathsuda Pumijumnong","profile_url":"https://mahidol.academia.edu/Pumijumnongnathsuda?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26157542 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26157542"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26157542, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26157542", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26157542 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26157542; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26157542"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26157542 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26157542"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26157542; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26157542]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26157542").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26157542").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26157542"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26157542]'), work: {"id":26157542,"title":"Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Mangrove Sediments of Chumphon Province, Thailand","created_at":"2016-06-14T13:23:17.331-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26157542/Accumulation_of_Heavy_Metals_in_Mangrove_Sediments_of_Chumphon_Province_Thailand?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_26157542","summary":"The objective of this study was two-fold: to examine the heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) levels that have accumulated in mangrove forest sediments in Chumphon Province, Thailand, and to determine the relationship between heavy metals and the physiochemical properties of sediment. The sediment was digested with HNO3 and HCl using a milestone microwave digestion system (model MLS-1200 MEGA), followed by the addition of 50 ml distilled water. The concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Zn in the filtered and digested samples were determined by air-acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS, model Varian SpectrAA 220FS). Cd and Pb were analyzed by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GASS, model Varian SpectrAA220). The accumulation of heavy metals originated largely upstream and decreased towards the canal mouths. The highest levels of heavy metals were found at E-let canal (Thung Kha Bay). The heavy metals present in our study area, listed f...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46486786,"asset_id":26157542,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30532745,"first_name":"nathsuda","last_name":"Pumijumnong","domain_name":"mahidol","page_name":"Pumijumnongnathsuda","display_name":"nathsuda Pumijumnong","profile_url":"https://mahidol.academia.edu/Pumijumnongnathsuda?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_405683" data-work_id="405683" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/405683/Environmental_Patterns_Are_Imposed_on_the_Population_Structure_of_Escherichia_Coli_After_Fecal_Deposition">Environmental Patterns Are Imposed on the Population Structure of Escherichia Coli After Fecal Deposition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/405683" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2fb417bf4e89232bb12981a8cd261333" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51421080,"asset_id":405683,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51421080/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50232" href="https://ndsu.academia.edu/PeterBergholz">Peter Bergholz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50232" type="text/json">{"id":50232,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Bergholz","domain_name":"ndsu","page_name":"PeterBergholz","display_name":"Peter Bergholz","profile_url":"https://ndsu.academia.edu/PeterBergholz?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50232/48053876/36609172/s65_peter.bergholz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_405683 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="405683"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 405683, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_405683", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_405683 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 405683; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_405683"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_405683 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="405683"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 405683; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=405683]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_405683").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_405683").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="405683"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17825" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17825" type="text/json">{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli">Escherichia coli</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="83128" type="text/json">{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107664" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="107664" type="text/json">{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=405683]'), work: {"id":405683,"title":"Environmental Patterns Are Imposed on the Population Structure of Escherichia Coli After Fecal Deposition","created_at":"2011-01-08T00:14:05.025-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/405683/Environmental_Patterns_Are_Imposed_on_the_Population_Structure_of_Escherichia_Coli_After_Fecal_Deposition?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_405683","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51421080,"asset_id":405683,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50232,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Bergholz","domain_name":"ndsu","page_name":"PeterBergholz","display_name":"Peter Bergholz","profile_url":"https://ndsu.academia.edu/PeterBergholz?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50232/48053876/36609172/s65_peter.bergholz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17825,"name":"Biodiversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=208294"},{"id":134201,"name":"Deposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deposition?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":231547,"name":"Soil Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2220756,"name":"Multilocus sequence typing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multilocus_sequence_typing?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5749680" data-work_id="5749680" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5749680/Analysis_of_Escherichia_coli_O157_H7_Survival_in_Ovine_or_Bovine_Manure_and_Manure_Slurry">Analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Survival in Ovine or Bovine Manure and Manure Slurry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5749680" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="44d0d90695618697e99dd76655fb6e1c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32779861,"asset_id":5749680,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32779861/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8369844" href="https://usda-ars.academia.edu/IndiraKudva">Indira Kudva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8369844" type="text/json">{"id":8369844,"first_name":"Indira","last_name":"Kudva","domain_name":"usda-ars","page_name":"IndiraKudva","display_name":"Indira Kudva","profile_url":"https://usda-ars.academia.edu/IndiraKudva?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5749680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5749680"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5749680, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5749680", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5749680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5749680; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5749680"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5749680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5749680"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5749680; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5749680]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5749680").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5749680").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5749680"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14085" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management">Waste Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14085" type="text/json">{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="81067" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Toxins">Bacterial Toxins</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="81067" type="text/json">{"id":81067,"name":"Bacterial Toxins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Toxins?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli">Escherichia coli</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="83128" type="text/json">{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5749680]'), work: {"id":5749680,"title":"Analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Survival in Ovine or Bovine Manure and Manure Slurry","created_at":"2014-01-17T03:18:48.934-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5749680/Analysis_of_Escherichia_coli_O157_H7_Survival_in_Ovine_or_Bovine_Manure_and_Manure_Slurry?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_5749680","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32779861,"asset_id":5749680,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8369844,"first_name":"Indira","last_name":"Kudva","domain_name":"usda-ars","page_name":"IndiraKudva","display_name":"Indira Kudva","profile_url":"https://usda-ars.academia.edu/IndiraKudva?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":81067,"name":"Bacterial Toxins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Toxins?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":84913,"name":"Sheep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sheep?f_ri=208294"},{"id":94818,"name":"Enterotoxins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterotoxins?f_ri=208294"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=208294"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=208294"},{"id":134041,"name":"DNA fingerprinting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_fingerprinting?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":260829,"name":"Cattle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cattle?f_ri=208294"},{"id":387102,"name":"Environmental Conditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Conditions?f_ri=208294"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=208294"},{"id":466867,"name":"Manure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manure?f_ri=208294"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=208294"},{"id":503690,"name":"Shiga Toxin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shiga_Toxin?f_ri=208294"},{"id":957359,"name":"Culture Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_Media?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1142031,"name":"Dairying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dairying?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1172627" data-work_id="1172627" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1172627/Method_for_the_preferential_isolation_of_actinomycetes_from_soils">Method for the preferential isolation of actinomycetes from soils</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1172627" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3992a6703e03c1dab2a58afa802d703" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":7235577,"asset_id":1172627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/7235577/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1064987" href="https://ums.academia.edu/AnnieChua">Annie Chua</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1064987" type="text/json">{"id":1064987,"first_name":"Annie","last_name":"Chua","domain_name":"ums","page_name":"AnnieChua","display_name":"Annie Chua","profile_url":"https://ums.academia.edu/AnnieChua?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1064987/368128/446130/s65_annie.chua.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1172627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1172627"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1172627, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1172627", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1172627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1172627; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1172627"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1172627 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1172627"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1172627; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1172627]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1172627").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1172627").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1172627"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19703" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_microbiology">Applied microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19703" type="text/json">{"id":19703,"name":"Applied microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55168" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Actinobacteria">Actinobacteria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55168" type="text/json">{"id":55168,"name":"Actinobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Actinobacteria?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="231547" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Microbiology">Soil Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="231547" type="text/json">{"id":231547,"name":"Soil Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1172627]'), work: {"id":1172627,"title":"Method for the preferential isolation of actinomycetes from soils","created_at":"2011-12-21T16:57:08.568-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1172627/Method_for_the_preferential_isolation_of_actinomycetes_from_soils?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_1172627","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":7235577,"asset_id":1172627,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1064987,"first_name":"Annie","last_name":"Chua","domain_name":"ums","page_name":"AnnieChua","display_name":"Annie Chua","profile_url":"https://ums.academia.edu/AnnieChua?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1064987/368128/446130/s65_annie.chua.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":19703,"name":"Applied microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":55168,"name":"Actinobacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Actinobacteria?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":231547,"name":"Soil Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33240484" data-work_id="33240484" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33240484/%C3%87evre_Mikrobiyolojisi">Çevre Mikrobiyolojisi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Çevre, canlı ve cansız varlıkların bir arada bulundukları, birbirlerini etkiledikleri ve birbirlerinden etkilendikleri ortam olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Mikrobiyoloji, " çıplak gözle görülemeyecek kadar küçük canlı organizmaları inceleyen... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33240484" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Çevre, canlı ve cansız varlıkların bir arada bulundukları, birbirlerini etkiledikleri ve birbirlerinden etkilendikleri ortam olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Mikrobiyoloji, " çıplak gözle görülemeyecek kadar küçük canlı organizmaları inceleyen bir bilim disiplinidir. Mikroorganizma olarak tanımlanan bakteri, alg, mantar, virüs ve protozoa gibi mikroskobik canlılar doğada; havada, toprakta, suda, bitkiler üzerinde, insan ve hayvanların vücudunda kısacası her yerde bulunurlar. Mikrobiyoloji biliminin çalışma alanları, üzerinde çalışılan organizmalara, çalışılan süreç ve fonksiyonlara, sağlıkla ilgili alanlara ve bilginin kullanımına göre çok değişik bir yelpazede dağılım göstermektedir. Çevre mikrobiyolojisi, hayatın devamında önemli rolü olan ancak insan, hayvan ve bitkiler üzerinde hastalıklara neden olarak önemli kayıplara yol açan mikroorganizmaları inceleyen mikrobiyoloji dalıdır.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33240484" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dee8f98b09cebcd66878037ba7c1203c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53313875,"asset_id":33240484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53313875/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57333441" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DegisimYayinlari">Değişim Yayınları</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57333441" type="text/json">{"id":57333441,"first_name":"Değişim","last_name":"Yayınları","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DegisimYayinlari","display_name":"Değişim Yayınları","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DegisimYayinlari?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57333441/15285559/15947000/s65_deg_is_im.yayinlari.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33240484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33240484"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33240484, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33240484", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33240484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33240484; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33240484"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33240484 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33240484"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33240484; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33240484]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33240484").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33240484").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33240484"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1444" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology">Environmental microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1444" type="text/json">{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10154" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_">Environmental Microbiology (Biology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10154" type="text/json">{"id":10154,"name":"Environmental Microbiology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="78284" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation_and_Environmental_microbiology">Bioremediation and Environmental microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="78284" type="text/json">{"id":78284,"name":"Bioremediation and Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation_and_Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33240484]'), work: {"id":33240484,"title":"Çevre Mikrobiyolojisi","created_at":"2017-05-29T02:05:10.756-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33240484/%C3%87evre_Mikrobiyolojisi?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_33240484","summary":"Çevre, canlı ve cansız varlıkların bir arada bulundukları, birbirlerini etkiledikleri ve birbirlerinden etkilendikleri ortam olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Mikrobiyoloji, \" çıplak gözle görülemeyecek kadar küçük canlı organizmaları inceleyen bir bilim disiplinidir. Mikroorganizma olarak tanımlanan bakteri, alg, mantar, virüs ve protozoa gibi mikroskobik canlılar doğada; havada, toprakta, suda, bitkiler üzerinde, insan ve hayvanların vücudunda kısacası her yerde bulunurlar. Mikrobiyoloji biliminin çalışma alanları, üzerinde çalışılan organizmalara, çalışılan süreç ve fonksiyonlara, sağlıkla ilgili alanlara ve bilginin kullanımına göre çok değişik bir yelpazede dağılım göstermektedir. Çevre mikrobiyolojisi, hayatın devamında önemli rolü olan ancak insan, hayvan ve bitkiler üzerinde hastalıklara neden olarak önemli kayıplara yol açan mikroorganizmaları inceleyen mikrobiyoloji dalıdır. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53313875,"asset_id":33240484,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57333441,"first_name":"Değişim","last_name":"Yayınları","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DegisimYayinlari","display_name":"Değişim Yayınları","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DegisimYayinlari?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57333441/15285559/15947000/s65_deg_is_im.yayinlari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":10154,"name":"Environmental Microbiology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":78284,"name":"Bioremediation and Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation_and_Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74054711" data-work_id="74054711" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74054711/Carbohydrate_Starvation_Causes_a_Metabolically_Active_but_Nonculturable_State_in_Lactococcus_lactis">Carbohydrate Starvation Causes a Metabolically Active but Nonculturable State in Lactococcus lactis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study characterized the ability of lactococci to become nonculturable under carbohydrate starvation while maintaining metabolic activity. We determined the changes in physiological parameters and extracellular substrate levels of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74054711" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study characterized the ability of lactococci to become nonculturable under carbohydrate starvation while maintaining metabolic activity. We determined the changes in physiological parameters and extracellular substrate levels of multiple lactococcal strains under a number of environmental conditions along with whole-genome expression profiles. Three distinct phases were observed, logarithmic growth, sugar exhaustion, and nonculturability. Shortly after carbohydrate starvation, each lactococcal strain lost the ability to form colonies on solid media but maintained an intact cell membrane and metabolic activity for over 3.5 years. ML3, a strain that metabolized lactose rapidly, reached nonculturability within 1 week. Strains that metabolized lactose slowly (SK11) or not at all (IL1403) required 1 to 3 months to become nonculturable. In all cases, the cells contained at least 100 pM of intracellular ATP after 6 months of starvation and remained at that level for the remainder of ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74054711" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5dd1bf17e4943ab13029c58c3f4522e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82346073,"asset_id":74054711,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82346073/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38592" href="https://usu.academia.edu/BalasubramanianGanesan">Balasubramanian Ganesan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38592" type="text/json">{"id":38592,"first_name":"Balasubramanian","last_name":"Ganesan","domain_name":"usu","page_name":"BalasubramanianGanesan","display_name":"Balasubramanian Ganesan","profile_url":"https://usu.academia.edu/BalasubramanianGanesan?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74054711 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74054711"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74054711, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74054711", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74054711 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74054711; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74054711"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74054711 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74054711"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74054711; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74054711]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74054711").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74054711").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74054711"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38650" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Division">Cell Division</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38650" type="text/json">{"id":38650,"name":"Cell Division","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Division?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="74144" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid_Bacteria">Lactic Acid Bacteria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="74144" type="text/json">{"id":74144,"name":"Lactic Acid Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid_Bacteria?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107664" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="107664" type="text/json">{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74054711]'), work: {"id":74054711,"title":"Carbohydrate Starvation Causes a Metabolically Active but Nonculturable State in Lactococcus lactis","created_at":"2022-03-19T01:30:23.657-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74054711/Carbohydrate_Starvation_Causes_a_Metabolically_Active_but_Nonculturable_State_in_Lactococcus_lactis?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_74054711","summary":"This study characterized the ability of lactococci to become nonculturable under carbohydrate starvation while maintaining metabolic activity. We determined the changes in physiological parameters and extracellular substrate levels of multiple lactococcal strains under a number of environmental conditions along with whole-genome expression profiles. Three distinct phases were observed, logarithmic growth, sugar exhaustion, and nonculturability. Shortly after carbohydrate starvation, each lactococcal strain lost the ability to form colonies on solid media but maintained an intact cell membrane and metabolic activity for over 3.5 years. ML3, a strain that metabolized lactose rapidly, reached nonculturability within 1 week. Strains that metabolized lactose slowly (SK11) or not at all (IL1403) required 1 to 3 months to become nonculturable. In all cases, the cells contained at least 100 pM of intracellular ATP after 6 months of starvation and remained at that level for the remainder of ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82346073,"asset_id":74054711,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38592,"first_name":"Balasubramanian","last_name":"Ganesan","domain_name":"usu","page_name":"BalasubramanianGanesan","display_name":"Balasubramanian Ganesan","profile_url":"https://usu.academia.edu/BalasubramanianGanesan?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":38650,"name":"Cell Division","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Division?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":74144,"name":"Lactic Acid Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid_Bacteria?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":295928,"name":"Amino Acids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acids?f_ri=208294"},{"id":331893,"name":"Energy Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Production?f_ri=208294"},{"id":387102,"name":"Environmental Conditions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Conditions?f_ri=208294"},{"id":409525,"name":"Carbohydrate metabolism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbohydrate_metabolism?f_ri=208294"},{"id":585573,"name":"Amino Acid Profile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Profile?f_ri=208294"},{"id":781097,"name":"Lactose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactose?f_ri=208294"},{"id":823464,"name":"Gene Expression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Expression_Analysis?f_ri=208294"},{"id":837135,"name":"Cell Wall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Wall?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1166930,"name":"Cytoplasm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytoplasm?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1242119,"name":"Lactococcus lactis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactococcus_lactis?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1292702,"name":"Carbon Source","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Source?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1810445,"name":"Gene expression profiling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_expression_profiling?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1816594,"name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adenosine_Triphosphate?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2468093,"name":"Cell Membrane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Membrane?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2515794,"name":"culture medium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/culture_medium?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72460868" data-work_id="72460868" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72460868/Assessment_of_natural_mycorrhizal_potential_in_a_desertified_semiarid_ecosystem">Assessment of natural mycorrhizal potential in a desertified semiarid ecosystem</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A survey of the natural mycorrhizal potential has been carried out in a representative area of a desertified semiarid ecosystem in the southeast of Spain. Many indigenous plants from the field site were mycorrhizal, including the dominant... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72460868" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A survey of the natural mycorrhizal potential has been carried out in a representative area of a desertified semiarid ecosystem in the southeast of Spain. Many indigenous plants from the field site were mycorrhizal, including the dominant Anthyllis cytisoides, which had high levels of colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Low numbers of AMF spores were present in the soil, although a range of species, including Scutellospora calospora, Glomus coronatum, Glomus constrictum, and several Acaulospora species, was represented. Soil infectivities, as determined by a soil dilution method, were similar for most plants tested but were significantly lower for Anthyllis cytisoides. Nevertheless, when a less disruptive method to determine soil infectivity was used, the importance of the mycelial network in maintaining the infectivity of soil under perennial shrubs, such as Anthyllis cytisoides, was highlighted. Seasonal variations in the mycorrhizal infectivity showed that it was ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72460868" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c4479cba00bed8e03fe7eb9882d1cea2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81377386,"asset_id":72460868,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81377386/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="47271677" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeffriesPeter">Peter Jeffries</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="47271677" type="text/json">{"id":47271677,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Jeffries","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeffriesPeter","display_name":"Peter Jeffries","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeffriesPeter?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72460868 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72460868"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72460868, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72460868", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72460868 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72460868; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72460868"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72460868 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72460868"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72460868; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72460868]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72460868").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72460868").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72460868"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14444" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desertification">Desertification</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14444" type="text/json">{"id":14444,"name":"Desertification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desertification?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72460868]'), work: {"id":72460868,"title":"Assessment of natural mycorrhizal potential in a desertified semiarid ecosystem","created_at":"2022-02-25T03:56:40.653-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72460868/Assessment_of_natural_mycorrhizal_potential_in_a_desertified_semiarid_ecosystem?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_72460868","summary":"A survey of the natural mycorrhizal potential has been carried out in a representative area of a desertified semiarid ecosystem in the southeast of Spain. Many indigenous plants from the field site were mycorrhizal, including the dominant Anthyllis cytisoides, which had high levels of colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Low numbers of AMF spores were present in the soil, although a range of species, including Scutellospora calospora, Glomus coronatum, Glomus constrictum, and several Acaulospora species, was represented. Soil infectivities, as determined by a soil dilution method, were similar for most plants tested but were significantly lower for Anthyllis cytisoides. Nevertheless, when a less disruptive method to determine soil infectivity was used, the importance of the mycelial network in maintaining the infectivity of soil under perennial shrubs, such as Anthyllis cytisoides, was highlighted. Seasonal variations in the mycorrhizal infectivity showed that it was ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81377386,"asset_id":72460868,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":47271677,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Jeffries","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JeffriesPeter","display_name":"Peter Jeffries","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JeffriesPeter?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":14444,"name":"Desertification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desertification?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":48303,"name":"Colonization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonization?f_ri=208294"},{"id":79747,"name":"Colonisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonisation?f_ri=208294"},{"id":88740,"name":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbuscular_mycorrhizal_fungi?f_ri=208294"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":156319,"name":"Soils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soils?f_ri=208294"},{"id":169070,"name":"Sol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sol?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":222432,"name":"Seasonal variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonal_variation?f_ri=208294"},{"id":453368,"name":"Spatial Variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Variation?f_ri=208294"},{"id":3290172,"name":"Glomus intraradices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glomus_intraradices?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36227167" data-work_id="36227167" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36227167/Environmentally_applications_of_invasive_bivalves_for_water_and_wastewater_decontamination">Environmentally applications of invasive bivalves for water and wastewater decontamination</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36227167" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="13e216719c749bff80bee6f4d61e0a51" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56130265,"asset_id":36227167,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56130265/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33116950" href="https://coimbra.academia.edu/AMatos">Ana Matos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33116950" type="text/json">{"id":33116950,"first_name":"Ana","last_name":"Matos","domain_name":"coimbra","page_name":"AMatos","display_name":"Ana Matos","profile_url":"https://coimbra.academia.edu/AMatos?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36227167 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36227167"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36227167, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36227167", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36227167 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36227167; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36227167"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36227167 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36227167"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36227167; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36227167]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36227167").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36227167").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36227167"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36227167]'), work: {"id":36227167,"title":"Environmentally applications of invasive bivalves for water and wastewater decontamination","created_at":"2018-03-22T04:03:55.920-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36227167/Environmentally_applications_of_invasive_bivalves_for_water_and_wastewater_decontamination?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_36227167","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56130265,"asset_id":36227167,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33116950,"first_name":"Ana","last_name":"Matos","domain_name":"coimbra","page_name":"AMatos","display_name":"Ana Matos","profile_url":"https://coimbra.academia.edu/AMatos?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12459356" data-work_id="12459356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12459356/BIOREMEDIATION_ENVIRONMENTAL_BIOTECHNOLOGY_FOR_HEAVY_METAL_DECONTAMINATION_OF_SOIL_AND_WATER">BIOREMEDIATION: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR HEAVY METAL DECONTAMINATION OF SOIL AND WATER</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Metallic species mobilized and released into the environment by the technological activities of humans tend to persist indefinitely, circulating and eventually accumulating throughout the food chain, thus posing a serious threat to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12459356" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Metallic species mobilized and released into the environment by the technological activities of humans tend to <br />persist indefinitely, circulating and eventually accumulating throughout the food chain, thus posing a serious threat to the <br />envir onment, animals, and humans. In view of theirtoxicity , non-biodegradability and persistent natur e, theirremoval becomes <br />absolutely important. Several physical and chemical approaches have been widely used for remedying polluted soil and water but <br />there is various disadvantages with these approaches. Such processes are not only expensive and highly energy intensive, but <br />also lead to production of harmful by-products and end-products, the ultimate disposal of which again causes secondary pollution. <br />Bioremediation is a rapidly changing and expanding ar ea of envir onmental biotechnology , that offers a potentially mor e effective <br />and economical clean-up technique than conventional physicochemical methods. The aim of the present study is to review the <br />removal of heavy metals from soil and water using plants and microbes which lead to the ecofriendly cleanup of the environment <br />without causing any damage as such to the surroundings without the release of chemicals into the atmosphere.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12459356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8d1e5161800d9a4e65e1453aad2c83cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37676539,"asset_id":12459356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37676539/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5631261" href="https://mjpru.academia.edu/Archanayadav">Archana yadav</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5631261" type="text/json">{"id":5631261,"first_name":"Archana","last_name":"yadav","domain_name":"mjpru","page_name":"Archanayadav","display_name":"Archana yadav","profile_url":"https://mjpru.academia.edu/Archanayadav?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5631261/2453637/2852136/s65_archana.yadav.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12459356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12459356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12459356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12459356", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12459356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12459356; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12459356"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12459356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12459356"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12459356; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12459356]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12459356").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12459356").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12459356"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12459356]'), work: {"id":12459356,"title":"BIOREMEDIATION: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR HEAVY METAL DECONTAMINATION OF SOIL AND WATER","created_at":"2015-05-19T02:11:43.301-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12459356/BIOREMEDIATION_ENVIRONMENTAL_BIOTECHNOLOGY_FOR_HEAVY_METAL_DECONTAMINATION_OF_SOIL_AND_WATER?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_12459356","summary":" Metallic species mobilized and released into the environment by the technological activities of humans tend to\r\npersist indefinitely, circulating and eventually accumulating throughout the food chain, thus posing a serious threat to the\r\nenvir onment, animals, and humans. In view of theirtoxicity , non-biodegradability and persistent natur e, theirremoval becomes\r\nabsolutely important. Several physical and chemical approaches have been widely used for remedying polluted soil and water but\r\nthere is various disadvantages with these approaches. Such processes are not only expensive and highly energy intensive, but\r\nalso lead to production of harmful by-products and end-products, the ultimate disposal of which again causes secondary pollution.\r\nBioremediation is a rapidly changing and expanding ar ea of envir onmental biotechnology , that offers a potentially mor e effective\r\nand economical clean-up technique than conventional physicochemical methods. The aim of the present study is to review the\r\nremoval of heavy metals from soil and water using plants and microbes which lead to the ecofriendly cleanup of the environment\r\nwithout causing any damage as such to the surroundings without the release of chemicals into the atmosphere.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37676539,"asset_id":12459356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5631261,"first_name":"Archana","last_name":"yadav","domain_name":"mjpru","page_name":"Archanayadav","display_name":"Archana yadav","profile_url":"https://mjpru.academia.edu/Archanayadav?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5631261/2453637/2852136/s65_archana.yadav.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27309215" data-work_id="27309215" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27309215/Assessment_of_Groundwater_Contamination_by_Textile_Effluent_Discharges_in_Ikorodu_Nigeria">Assessment of Groundwater Contamination by Textile Effluent Discharges in Ikorodu, Nigeria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27309215" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d41d24182dedd1a87694236f68c70460" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47565568,"asset_id":27309215,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47565568/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33426804" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OludareAdedeji">Oludare Adedeji</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33426804" type="text/json">{"id":33426804,"first_name":"Oludare","last_name":"Adedeji","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OludareAdedeji","display_name":"Oludare Adedeji","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OludareAdedeji?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33426804/10033166/11191355/s65_oludare.adedeji.jpg_oh_8a5666a6877f868273eb80aa4fb28bcc_oe_5673b025___gda___1449629518_071946a08c94604e8d7c471b179c3a8e"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27309215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27309215"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27309215, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27309215", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27309215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27309215; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27309215"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27309215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27309215"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27309215; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27309215]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27309215").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27309215").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27309215"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6951" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater">Groundwater</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6951" type="text/json">{"id":6951,"name":"Groundwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="533280" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effluents">Effluents</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="533280" type="text/json">{"id":533280,"name":"Effluents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effluents?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27309215]'), work: {"id":27309215,"title":"Assessment of Groundwater Contamination by Textile Effluent Discharges in Ikorodu, Nigeria","created_at":"2016-07-27T08:28:43.907-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27309215/Assessment_of_Groundwater_Contamination_by_Textile_Effluent_Discharges_in_Ikorodu_Nigeria?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_27309215","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47565568,"asset_id":27309215,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33426804,"first_name":"Oludare","last_name":"Adedeji","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OludareAdedeji","display_name":"Oludare Adedeji","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OludareAdedeji?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33426804/10033166/11191355/s65_oludare.adedeji.jpg_oh_8a5666a6877f868273eb80aa4fb28bcc_oe_5673b025___gda___1449629518_071946a08c94604e8d7c471b179c3a8e"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6951,"name":"Groundwater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Groundwater?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":533280,"name":"Effluents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Effluents?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34998840" data-work_id="34998840" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34998840/PREVALENCE_OF_MULTI_DRUG_RESISTANT_BACTERIA_ON_ENVIRONMENTAL_AND_MEDICAL_DEVICE_SURFACES_OF_KOREA_NEPAL_FRIENDSHIP_HOSPITAL">PREVALENCE OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND MEDICAL DEVICE SURFACES OF KOREA NEPAL FRIENDSHIP HOSPITAL</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The microbial monitoring of environmental and medical-devices’ surface is used to evaluate efficacy of routine cleaning and disinfection practices and to detect the presence of specific Nosocomial Pathogens. The prevalence of Multidrug... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34998840" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The microbial monitoring of environmental and medical-devices’ surface is used to evaluate efficacy of routine cleaning and disinfection practices and to detect the presence of specific Nosocomial Pathogens. The prevalence of Multidrug Resistance organisms in hospital premises projects serious problems in transmitting to susceptible host which is difficult to treat. A cross sectional descriptive research was conducted from December 2016 to June 2017 at the pathology laboratory of Korea Nepal Friendship Hospital (KNFH).  A total 140 samples were considered, that encompasses the medical devices of hospital (n=100), housekeeping surfaces (n=15) and air (n=25). Susceptibility test for bacterial isolates was done by disk diffusion assay. Of the total 140 samples taken and analyzed, 100% showed growth positivity. In most of the swab taken, Coagulase Negative Staphylococci was dominant, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp. Micrococcus spp., E coli, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Fungi, and least Proteus spp. The dry surfaces were dominantly contaminated by gram positive bacteria whereas moistened surfaces like wash basin were contaminated by gram negative as well as gram positive bacteria. Total 277 strains were exposed to various class of antibiotics, among the gram positive environmental isolates, Coagulase Negative Staphylococci 16 (34.78%) had highest MDR prevalence followed by  Staphylococcus aureus 8 (29.62%), Streptococcus spp. 4 (12.90%), Micrococcus spp. 4 (9.30%) and no MDR was shown by any Bacillus spp isolates. Whereas, in case of gram negative, Klebsiella spp. 6 (35.29%) had highest MDR prevalence followed by Acinetobacter spp. 6 (31.57%), E. coli 8 (27.58%), Pseudomonas spp. 4 (18.18%), and lastly Proteus spp.  with no MDR at all. The thick dirt covering the cotton swabs and heavy microbial load on them has displayed not only disinfecting practice is lacking but also cleaning practice is missing. Heavy contamination shows possible NIs breakout, it’s important to have routine microbial assessment with standard protocol and find ways to decrease its load.<br />Key words:  Disk diffusion, Environmental monitoring, MDR, Nosocomial infections, assay</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34998840" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8714bbccb5ee41b44712c87f835983b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54863400,"asset_id":34998840,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54863400/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="70667307" href="https://cpds-tu.academia.edu/MicrobiologyMnemonics">Microbiology Mnemonics</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="70667307" type="text/json">{"id":70667307,"first_name":"Microbiology","last_name":"Mnemonics","domain_name":"cpds-tu","page_name":"MicrobiologyMnemonics","display_name":"Microbiology Mnemonics","profile_url":"https://cpds-tu.academia.edu/MicrobiologyMnemonics?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/70667307/18159775/18146232/s65_microbiology.mnemonics.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34998840 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34998840"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34998840, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34998840", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34998840 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34998840; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34998840"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34998840 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34998840"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34998840; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34998840]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34998840").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34998840").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34998840"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13744" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Microbiology">Molecular Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13744" type="text/json">{"id":13744,"name":"Molecular Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31438" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_Bioinformatics">Biochemistry and Bioinformatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31438" type="text/json">{"id":31438,"name":"Biochemistry and Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_Bioinformatics?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64900" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Oncology">Medical Oncology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="64900" type="text/json">{"id":64900,"name":"Medical Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Oncology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34998840]'), work: {"id":34998840,"title":"PREVALENCE OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND MEDICAL DEVICE SURFACES OF KOREA NEPAL FRIENDSHIP HOSPITAL","created_at":"2017-10-30T07:20:27.978-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34998840/PREVALENCE_OF_MULTI_DRUG_RESISTANT_BACTERIA_ON_ENVIRONMENTAL_AND_MEDICAL_DEVICE_SURFACES_OF_KOREA_NEPAL_FRIENDSHIP_HOSPITAL?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_34998840","summary":"The microbial monitoring of environmental and medical-devices’ surface is used to evaluate efficacy of routine cleaning and disinfection practices and to detect the presence of specific Nosocomial Pathogens. The prevalence of Multidrug Resistance organisms in hospital premises projects serious problems in transmitting to susceptible host which is difficult to treat. A cross sectional descriptive research was conducted from December 2016 to June 2017 at the pathology laboratory of Korea Nepal Friendship Hospital (KNFH). A total 140 samples were considered, that encompasses the medical devices of hospital (n=100), housekeeping surfaces (n=15) and air (n=25). Susceptibility test for bacterial isolates was done by disk diffusion assay. Of the total 140 samples taken and analyzed, 100% showed growth positivity. In most of the swab taken, Coagulase Negative Staphylococci was dominant, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp. Micrococcus spp., E coli, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Fungi, and least Proteus spp. The dry surfaces were dominantly contaminated by gram positive bacteria whereas moistened surfaces like wash basin were contaminated by gram negative as well as gram positive bacteria. Total 277 strains were exposed to various class of antibiotics, among the gram positive environmental isolates, Coagulase Negative Staphylococci 16 (34.78%) had highest MDR prevalence followed by Staphylococcus aureus 8 (29.62%), Streptococcus spp. 4 (12.90%), Micrococcus spp. 4 (9.30%) and no MDR was shown by any Bacillus spp isolates. Whereas, in case of gram negative, Klebsiella spp. 6 (35.29%) had highest MDR prevalence followed by Acinetobacter spp. 6 (31.57%), E. coli 8 (27.58%), Pseudomonas spp. 4 (18.18%), and lastly Proteus spp. with no MDR at all. The thick dirt covering the cotton swabs and heavy microbial load on them has displayed not only disinfecting practice is lacking but also cleaning practice is missing. Heavy contamination shows possible NIs breakout, it’s important to have routine microbial assessment with standard protocol and find ways to decrease its load.\nKey words: Disk diffusion, Environmental monitoring, MDR, Nosocomial infections, assay \n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54863400,"asset_id":34998840,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":70667307,"first_name":"Microbiology","last_name":"Mnemonics","domain_name":"cpds-tu","page_name":"MicrobiologyMnemonics","display_name":"Microbiology Mnemonics","profile_url":"https://cpds-tu.academia.edu/MicrobiologyMnemonics?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/70667307/18159775/18146232/s65_microbiology.mnemonics.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13744,"name":"Molecular Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":31438,"name":"Biochemistry and Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_Bioinformatics?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":64900,"name":"Medical Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Oncology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15414829" data-work_id="15414829" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15414829/Nanotechnology_in_Food_Industry_Advances_in_Food_processing_Packaging_and_Food_Safety">Nanotechnology in Food Industry; Advances in Food processing, Packaging and Food Safety</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This review focuses on tremendous benefits of nanotechnology in food industry in terms of food processing, packaging, safety and quality control. Nanotechnology can modify permeability of packaging material, increasing barrier properties,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15414829" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This review focuses on tremendous benefits of nanotechnology in food industry in terms of food processing, packaging, safety and quality control. Nanotechnology can modify permeability of packaging material, increasing barrier properties, improving mechanical and heat-resistance, developing active antimicrobial surfaces, and creates nano-biodegradable packaging materials. Nanotechnology has prospective revolution in food industry by design of nutrient delivery system to produce nano-formulated agrochemicals, enrich nutritional values and generation of novel products through bioactive encapsulation. It has been used in innovative development of biosensors for detection of pathogens and chemical contaminants. This new technology also raises a serious concern about toxicological aspects of<br />nanoparticles in food, with emphasis on the risk assessment and safety issues. Also, it reflects the urgent need for regulatory framework capable of managing any risks associated with implementation of nanoparticles in food technology.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15414829" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fbe9038b60cfe46bbda12c527fdd9707" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38673604,"asset_id":15414829,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38673604/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5497035" href="https://alex.academia.edu/MahmoudBerekaa">Mahmoud Berekaa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5497035" type="text/json">{"id":5497035,"first_name":"Mahmoud","last_name":"Berekaa","domain_name":"alex","page_name":"MahmoudBerekaa","display_name":"Mahmoud Berekaa","profile_url":"https://alex.academia.edu/MahmoudBerekaa?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5497035/2690793/3132019/s65_mahmoud.berekaa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15414829 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15414829"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15414829, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15414829", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15414829 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15414829; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15414829"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15414829 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15414829"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15414829; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15414829]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15414829").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15414829").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15414829"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33760" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Biotechnology">Environmental Biotechnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33760" type="text/json">{"id":33760,"name":"Environmental Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Biotechnology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46291" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrocarbon_Biodegradation">Hydrocarbon Biodegradation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46291" type="text/json">{"id":46291,"name":"Hydrocarbon Biodegradation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrocarbon_Biodegradation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48579" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Biotechnology-1">Microbial Biotechnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48579" type="text/json">{"id":48579,"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Biotechnology-1?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="79786" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopolymer">Biopolymer</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="79786" type="text/json">{"id":79786,"name":"Biopolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopolymer?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15414829]'), work: {"id":15414829,"title":"Nanotechnology in Food Industry; Advances in Food processing, Packaging and Food Safety","created_at":"2015-09-05T04:10:35.403-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15414829/Nanotechnology_in_Food_Industry_Advances_in_Food_processing_Packaging_and_Food_Safety?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_15414829","summary":"This review focuses on tremendous benefits of nanotechnology in food industry in terms of food processing, packaging, safety and quality control. Nanotechnology can modify permeability of packaging material, increasing barrier properties, improving mechanical and heat-resistance, developing active antimicrobial surfaces, and creates nano-biodegradable packaging materials. Nanotechnology has prospective revolution in food industry by design of nutrient delivery system to produce nano-formulated agrochemicals, enrich nutritional values and generation of novel products through bioactive encapsulation. It has been used in innovative development of biosensors for detection of pathogens and chemical contaminants. This new technology also raises a serious concern about toxicological aspects of\nnanoparticles in food, with emphasis on the risk assessment and safety issues. Also, it reflects the urgent need for regulatory framework capable of managing any risks associated with implementation of nanoparticles in food technology.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38673604,"asset_id":15414829,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5497035,"first_name":"Mahmoud","last_name":"Berekaa","domain_name":"alex","page_name":"MahmoudBerekaa","display_name":"Mahmoud Berekaa","profile_url":"https://alex.academia.edu/MahmoudBerekaa?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5497035/2690793/3132019/s65_mahmoud.berekaa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":33760,"name":"Environmental Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Biotechnology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":46291,"name":"Hydrocarbon Biodegradation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrocarbon_Biodegradation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":48579,"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Biotechnology-1?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":79786,"name":"Biopolymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopolymer?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":904144,"name":"Arsenic Biotransformation In Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arsenic_Biotransformation_In_Bacteria?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14989561" data-work_id="14989561" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14989561/Chemical_and_microbiological_changes_during_vermicomposting_of_coffee_pulp_using_exotic_Eudrilus_eugeniae_and_native_earthworm_Perionyx_ceylanesis_species">Chemical and microbiological changes during vermicomposting of coffee pulp using exotic (Eudrilus eugeniae) and native earthworm (Perionyx ceylanesis) species</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14989561" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5c34ac61cf33134327e4de365f48b0b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38498325,"asset_id":14989561,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38498325/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8509622" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KulandaiveluVelmourougane">Kulandaivelu Velmourougane</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8509622" type="text/json">{"id":8509622,"first_name":"Kulandaivelu","last_name":"Velmourougane","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KulandaiveluVelmourougane","display_name":"Kulandaivelu Velmourougane","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KulandaiveluVelmourougane?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8509622/9986525/11137587/s65_kulandaivelu.velmourougane.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14989561 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14989561"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14989561, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14989561", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14989561 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14989561; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14989561"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14989561 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14989561"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14989561; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14989561]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14989561").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14989561").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14989561"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14989561]'), work: {"id":14989561,"title":"Chemical and microbiological changes during vermicomposting of coffee pulp using exotic (Eudrilus eugeniae) and native earthworm (Perionyx ceylanesis) species","created_at":"2015-08-17T11:24:20.756-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14989561/Chemical_and_microbiological_changes_during_vermicomposting_of_coffee_pulp_using_exotic_Eudrilus_eugeniae_and_native_earthworm_Perionyx_ceylanesis_species?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_14989561","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38498325,"asset_id":14989561,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8509622,"first_name":"Kulandaivelu","last_name":"Velmourougane","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KulandaiveluVelmourougane","display_name":"Kulandaivelu Velmourougane","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KulandaiveluVelmourougane?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8509622/9986525/11137587/s65_kulandaivelu.velmourougane.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4725387" data-work_id="4725387" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4725387/Biocidal_Activity_of_Formaldehyde_and_Nonformaldehyde_Biocides_toward_Mycobacterium_immunogenum_and_Pseudomonas_fluorescens_in_Pure_and_Mixed_Suspensions_in_Synthetic_Metalworking_Fluid_and_Saline">Biocidal Activity of Formaldehyde and Nonformaldehyde Biocides toward Mycobacterium immunogenum and Pseudomonas fluorescens in Pure and Mixed Suspensions in Synthetic Metalworking Fluid and Saline</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4725387" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a34323d66b7e9f369ad5f084ea36249" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49663283,"asset_id":4725387,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49663283/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6041242" href="https://independent.academia.edu/izharkhan1">izhar khan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6041242" type="text/json">{"id":6041242,"first_name":"izhar","last_name":"khan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"izharkhan1","display_name":"izhar khan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/izharkhan1?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4725387 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4725387"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4725387, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4725387", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4725387 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4725387; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4725387"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4725387 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4725387"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4725387; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4725387]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4725387").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4725387").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4725387"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3211" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Health">Occupational Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3211" type="text/json">{"id":3211,"name":"Occupational Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Health?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6309" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy">Metallurgy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6309" type="text/json">{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4725387]'), work: {"id":4725387,"title":"Biocidal Activity of Formaldehyde and Nonformaldehyde Biocides toward Mycobacterium immunogenum and Pseudomonas fluorescens in Pure and Mixed Suspensions in Synthetic Metalworking Fluid and Saline","created_at":"2013-10-09T07:17:47.401-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4725387/Biocidal_Activity_of_Formaldehyde_and_Nonformaldehyde_Biocides_toward_Mycobacterium_immunogenum_and_Pseudomonas_fluorescens_in_Pure_and_Mixed_Suspensions_in_Synthetic_Metalworking_Fluid_and_Saline?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_4725387","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49663283,"asset_id":4725387,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6041242,"first_name":"izhar","last_name":"khan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"izharkhan1","display_name":"izhar khan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/izharkhan1?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3211,"name":"Occupational Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Health?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":83836,"name":"Mycobacterium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium?f_ri=208294"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":139817,"name":"Disinfectants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disinfectants?f_ri=208294"},{"id":152644,"name":"Pseudomonas Fluorescens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_Fluorescens?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":335965,"name":"Gram-negative bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gram-negative_bacteria?f_ri=208294"},{"id":561014,"name":"Microbial Sensitivity Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Sensitivity_Tests?f_ri=208294"},{"id":806503,"name":"Thiazoles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thiazoles?f_ri=208294"},{"id":819116,"name":"Formaldehyde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formaldehyde?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12115239" data-work_id="12115239" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12115239/Real_time_biological_particle_counting_in_environmental_monitoring">Real-time biological particle counting in environmental monitoring</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Optical spectroscopy counting instruments are designed to simultaneously detect the number and size of particles from a volume of air (and thus enable ‘real-time’ microbiological assessment.) Such systems operate in a similar way to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12115239" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Optical spectroscopy counting instruments are designed to simultaneously detect the number and size of particles from a volume of air (and thus enable ‘real-time’ microbiological assessment.) Such systems operate in a similar way to conventional particle counters, which measure inert particles as part of the GMP assessment of cleanrooms (and comply with such cleanroom standards as ISO 14644). Here the instruments count airborne particles by measuring light scattering. The difference with the spectrophotometric counters over traditional counters is that the instruments are capable of determining if the detected particles are biological or inert. Thus the key innovation is that such devices can differentiate between non-viable particles and biological material, which may indicate if microorganisms are present in the sample of air.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12115239" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="725124" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/TimSandle">Tim Sandle</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="725124" type="text/json">{"id":725124,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Sandle","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"TimSandle","display_name":"Tim Sandle","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/TimSandle?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/725124/247895/293007/s65_tim.sandle.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12115239 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12115239"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12115239, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12115239", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12115239 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12115239; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12115239"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12115239 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12115239"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12115239; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12115239]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12115239").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12115239").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12115239"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="896" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Quality">Air Quality</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="896" type="text/json">{"id":896,"name":"Air Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Quality?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1444" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology">Environmental microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1444" type="text/json">{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indoor_Air_Quality">Indoor Air Quality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4592" type="text/json">{"id":4592,"name":"Indoor Air Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indoor_Air_Quality?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12115239]'), work: {"id":12115239,"title":"Real-time biological particle counting in environmental monitoring","created_at":"2015-04-26T13:10:29.663-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12115239/Real_time_biological_particle_counting_in_environmental_monitoring?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_12115239","summary":"Optical spectroscopy counting instruments are designed to simultaneously detect the number and size of particles from a volume of air (and thus enable ‘real-time’ microbiological assessment.) Such systems operate in a similar way to conventional particle counters, which measure inert particles as part of the GMP assessment of cleanrooms (and comply with such cleanroom standards as ISO 14644). Here the instruments count airborne particles by measuring light scattering. The difference with the spectrophotometric counters over traditional counters is that the instruments are capable of determining if the detected particles are biological or inert. Thus the key innovation is that such devices can differentiate between non-viable particles and biological material, which may indicate if microorganisms are present in the sample of air.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":725124,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Sandle","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"TimSandle","display_name":"Tim Sandle","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/TimSandle?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/725124/247895/293007/s65_tim.sandle.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":896,"name":"Air Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Quality?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":4592,"name":"Indoor Air Quality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indoor_Air_Quality?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":5427,"name":"Spectroscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spectroscopy?f_ri=208294"},{"id":9186,"name":"Pharmaceutical Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Technology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":10154,"name":"Environmental Microbiology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_?f_ri=208294"},{"id":72206,"name":"Rapid Microbiology Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rapid_Microbiology_Method?f_ri=208294"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":438328,"name":"Cleanrooms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cleanrooms?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10463286" data-work_id="10463286" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10463286/Hydrogen_Production_by_Geobacter_Species_and_a_Mixed_Consortium_in_a_Microbial_Electrolysis_Cell">Hydrogen Production by Geobacter Species and a Mixed Consortium in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10463286" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd7ac64ebbaf47c5bec595dab4a0328d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36493363,"asset_id":10463286,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36493363/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25680045" href="https://francis.academia.edu/RachelWagner">Rachel Wagner</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25680045" type="text/json">{"id":25680045,"first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Wagner","domain_name":"francis","page_name":"RachelWagner","display_name":"Rachel Wagner","profile_url":"https://francis.academia.edu/RachelWagner?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10463286 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10463286"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10463286, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10463286", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10463286 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10463286; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10463286"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10463286 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10463286"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10463286; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10463286]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10463286").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10463286").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10463286"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3442" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production">Production</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3442" type="text/json">{"id":3442,"name":"Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3771" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3771" type="text/json">{"id":3771,"name":"Hydrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107664" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="107664" type="text/json">{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10463286]'), work: {"id":10463286,"title":"Hydrogen Production by Geobacter Species and a Mixed Consortium in a Microbial Electrolysis Cell","created_at":"2015-02-02T13:50:38.884-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10463286/Hydrogen_Production_by_Geobacter_Species_and_a_Mixed_Consortium_in_a_Microbial_Electrolysis_Cell?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_10463286","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36493363,"asset_id":10463286,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25680045,"first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Wagner","domain_name":"francis","page_name":"RachelWagner","display_name":"Rachel Wagner","profile_url":"https://francis.academia.edu/RachelWagner?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3442,"name":"Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":3771,"name":"Hydrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=208294"},{"id":127953,"name":"Geobacter","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geobacter?f_ri=208294"},{"id":146245,"name":"Hydrogen Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen_Production?f_ri=208294"},{"id":156347,"name":"Methane","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methane?f_ri=208294"},{"id":173959,"name":"Current Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Current_Density?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":264953,"name":"Microorganism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microorganism?f_ri=208294"},{"id":296091,"name":"Electrolysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrolysis?f_ri=208294"},{"id":507654,"name":"Microbial Fuel Cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Fuel_Cell?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1574247,"name":"Mixed Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mixed_Culture?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1613311,"name":"Electrolisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrolisis?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1912509,"name":"Production Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Rate?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2007185,"name":"Energy recovery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_recovery?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30251009" data-work_id="30251009" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30251009/Engineered_Microbes_for_Remediation_of_Toxic_Pollutants_and_Restoration_of_Contaminated_Environments">Engineered Microbes for Remediation of Toxic Pollutants and Restoration of Contaminated Environments</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">With recent advances in molecular biology and rapid developments in new analytical techniques, engineering of microbes for the bioremediation processes has been extensively studied as recombinant microbes can degrade various toxic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30251009" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With recent advances in molecular biology and rapid developments in new analytical techniques, engineering of microbes for the bioremediation processes has been extensively studied as recombinant microbes can degrade various toxic pollutants effectively. The prospect of microbial engineering has greater potentialities for agriculture and environmental applications and this may provide us deeper insight in understanding the microbial interactions and biotransformation processes. Though much work has been carried out on bioremediation using genetically engineered microorganisms, its application is restricted to environment due to the concerns of health and environment over ecosystem. Nevertheless, evaluation of risk assessment has also been carried out in order to ascertain the potential benefits of transgenic microbes.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30251009" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cecfb5fe400bfe8c81cf1c852ba66bde" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50717649,"asset_id":30251009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50717649/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25854911" href="https://cukerala.academia.edu/JeyabalanSangeetha">Jeyabalan Sangeetha</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25854911" type="text/json">{"id":25854911,"first_name":"Jeyabalan","last_name":"Sangeetha","domain_name":"cukerala","page_name":"JeyabalanSangeetha","display_name":"Jeyabalan Sangeetha","profile_url":"https://cukerala.academia.edu/JeyabalanSangeetha?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30251009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30251009"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30251009, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30251009", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30251009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30251009; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30251009"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30251009 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30251009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30251009; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30251009]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30251009").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30251009").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30251009"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6333" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation">Bioremediation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6333" type="text/json">{"id":6333,"name":"Bioremediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10154" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_">Environmental Microbiology (Biology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10154" type="text/json">{"id":10154,"name":"Environmental Microbiology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30251009]'), work: {"id":30251009,"title":"Engineered Microbes for Remediation of Toxic Pollutants and Restoration of Contaminated Environments","created_at":"2016-12-04T23:47:34.792-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30251009/Engineered_Microbes_for_Remediation_of_Toxic_Pollutants_and_Restoration_of_Contaminated_Environments?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_30251009","summary":"With recent advances in molecular biology and rapid developments in new analytical techniques, engineering of microbes for the bioremediation processes has been extensively studied as recombinant microbes can degrade various toxic pollutants effectively. The prospect of microbial engineering has greater potentialities for agriculture and environmental applications and this may provide us deeper insight in understanding the microbial interactions and biotransformation processes. Though much work has been carried out on bioremediation using genetically engineered microorganisms, its application is restricted to environment due to the concerns of health and environment over ecosystem. Nevertheless, evaluation of risk assessment has also been carried out in order to ascertain the potential benefits of transgenic microbes.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50717649,"asset_id":30251009,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25854911,"first_name":"Jeyabalan","last_name":"Sangeetha","domain_name":"cukerala","page_name":"JeyabalanSangeetha","display_name":"Jeyabalan Sangeetha","profile_url":"https://cukerala.academia.edu/JeyabalanSangeetha?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6333,"name":"Bioremediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":10154,"name":"Environmental Microbiology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34121974" data-work_id="34121974" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34121974/Microbiological_and_Nutritional_Qualities_of_Fermented_Melon_Seed_Shells">Microbiological and Nutritional Qualities of Fermented Melon Seed Shells</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In Nigerian communities, melons seed shells are generated as waste after utilization of the pulp for economic and domestic purposes. In an attempt to derive wealth from these wastes, we decided to investigate the microbial and nutritional... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34121974" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In Nigerian communities, melons seed shells are generated as waste after utilization of the pulp for economic and domestic purposes. In an attempt to derive wealth from these wastes, we decided to investigate the microbial and nutritional qualities of spontaneously fermented melon seed shells. The pulverized melon seed shells were spontaneously fermented in shake flask for a period of five (5) days at ambient temperature (30 ± 2 o C).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34121974" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="25d91c1b7aa96a35cf449a5c218059ed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54051308,"asset_id":34121974,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54051308/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3335943" href="https://fulokoja.academia.edu/GideonIOgu">Gideon I Ogu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3335943" type="text/json">{"id":3335943,"first_name":"Gideon I","last_name":"Ogu","domain_name":"fulokoja","page_name":"GideonIOgu","display_name":"Gideon I Ogu","profile_url":"https://fulokoja.academia.edu/GideonIOgu?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3335943/16785611/17044934/s65_gideon_i.ogu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34121974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34121974"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34121974, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34121974", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34121974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34121974; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34121974"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34121974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34121974"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34121974; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34121974]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34121974").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34121974").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34121974"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34121974]'), work: {"id":34121974,"title":"Microbiological and Nutritional Qualities of Fermented Melon Seed Shells","created_at":"2017-08-03T11:43:52.550-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34121974/Microbiological_and_Nutritional_Qualities_of_Fermented_Melon_Seed_Shells?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_34121974","summary":"In Nigerian communities, melons seed shells are generated as waste after utilization of the pulp for economic and domestic purposes. In an attempt to derive wealth from these wastes, we decided to investigate the microbial and nutritional qualities of spontaneously fermented melon seed shells. The pulverized melon seed shells were spontaneously fermented in shake flask for a period of five (5) days at ambient temperature (30 ± 2 o C).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54051308,"asset_id":34121974,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3335943,"first_name":"Gideon I","last_name":"Ogu","domain_name":"fulokoja","page_name":"GideonIOgu","display_name":"Gideon I Ogu","profile_url":"https://fulokoja.academia.edu/GideonIOgu?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3335943/16785611/17044934/s65_gideon_i.ogu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11981239" data-work_id="11981239" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11981239/PRODUCTION_OF_XYLANASES_AND_CELLULASES_BY_ASPERGILLUS_FUMIGATUS_MS16_USING_CRUDE_LIGNOCELLULOSIC_SUBSTRATES">PRODUCTION OF XYLANASES AND CELLULASES BY ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS MS16 USING CRUDE LIGNOCELLULOSIC SUBSTRATES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Xylanolytic and cellulolytic potential of a soil isolate, Aspergillus fumigatus (MS16) was studied by growing it on a variety of lignocellulosics, purified cellulose and xylan supplemented media. It was noted that carboxymethyl cellulose,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11981239" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Xylanolytic and cellulolytic potential of a soil isolate, Aspergillus fumigatus (MS16) was studied by growing it on a variety of lignocellulosics, purified cellulose and xylan supplemented media. It was noted that carboxymethyl cellulose, salicin and xylan induce the production of endoglucanase, β-glucosidase and xylanase, respectively. The study revealed that Aspergillus fumigatus (MS16) co-secretes xylanase and cellulase in the presence of xylan; the ratio of the two enzymes was influenced by the initial pH of the medium. The maximum titers of xylanase and cellulase were noted at initial pH of 5.0. Relatively higher titers of both the enzymes were obtained when the fungus was cultivated at 35 o C. Whereas, cellulase production was not detected when the fungus was cultivated at 40 o C. The volumetric productivity (Q p) of xylanase was much higher than cellulases. The organism produced 2-3 folds higher titers of xylanase when grown on lignocellulosic materials in submerged cultivation than under solid-state cultivation, suggesting a different pattern of enzyme production in presence and in absence of free water. The partial characterization of enzymes showed that xylanase from this organism has higher melting temperature than endoglucanase and β-glucosidase. The optimum temperature for activity was higher for xylanases than cellulases, whereas the optimum pH differed slightly i.e. in the range of 4.0-5.0. Enzyme preparation from this organism was loaded on some crude substrates and it showed that the enzyme preparation can be used to hydrolyze a variety of vegetable and agricultural waste materials.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11981239" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba6ca0d363474f6759cd1153687df647" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37329749,"asset_id":11981239,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37329749/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12288396" href="https://karachi.academia.edu/MuhammadSohail">Muhammad Sohail</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12288396" type="text/json">{"id":12288396,"first_name":"Muhammad","last_name":"Sohail","domain_name":"karachi","page_name":"MuhammadSohail","display_name":"Muhammad Sohail","profile_url":"https://karachi.academia.edu/MuhammadSohail?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11981239 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11981239"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11981239, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11981239", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11981239 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11981239; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11981239"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11981239 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11981239"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11981239; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11981239]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11981239").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11981239").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11981239"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="145" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="145" type="text/json">{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="148" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany">Botany</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="148" type="text/json">{"id":148,"name":"Botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1444" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology">Environmental microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1444" type="text/json">{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11981239]'), work: {"id":11981239,"title":"PRODUCTION OF XYLANASES AND CELLULASES BY ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS MS16 USING CRUDE LIGNOCELLULOSIC SUBSTRATES","created_at":"2015-04-16T21:26:37.831-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11981239/PRODUCTION_OF_XYLANASES_AND_CELLULASES_BY_ASPERGILLUS_FUMIGATUS_MS16_USING_CRUDE_LIGNOCELLULOSIC_SUBSTRATES?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_11981239","summary":"Xylanolytic and cellulolytic potential of a soil isolate, Aspergillus fumigatus (MS16) was studied by growing it on a variety of lignocellulosics, purified cellulose and xylan supplemented media. It was noted that carboxymethyl cellulose, salicin and xylan induce the production of endoglucanase, β-glucosidase and xylanase, respectively. The study revealed that Aspergillus fumigatus (MS16) co-secretes xylanase and cellulase in the presence of xylan; the ratio of the two enzymes was influenced by the initial pH of the medium. The maximum titers of xylanase and cellulase were noted at initial pH of 5.0. Relatively higher titers of both the enzymes were obtained when the fungus was cultivated at 35 o C. Whereas, cellulase production was not detected when the fungus was cultivated at 40 o C. The volumetric productivity (Q p) of xylanase was much higher than cellulases. The organism produced 2-3 folds higher titers of xylanase when grown on lignocellulosic materials in submerged cultivation than under solid-state cultivation, suggesting a different pattern of enzyme production in presence and in absence of free water. The partial characterization of enzymes showed that xylanase from this organism has higher melting temperature than endoglucanase and β-glucosidase. The optimum temperature for activity was higher for xylanases than cellulases, whereas the optimum pH differed slightly i.e. in the range of 4.0-5.0. Enzyme preparation from this organism was loaded on some crude substrates and it showed that the enzyme preparation can be used to hydrolyze a variety of vegetable and agricultural waste materials. \n\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37329749,"asset_id":11981239,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12288396,"first_name":"Muhammad","last_name":"Sohail","domain_name":"karachi","page_name":"MuhammadSohail","display_name":"Muhammad Sohail","profile_url":"https://karachi.academia.edu/MuhammadSohail?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":145,"name":"Biochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":148,"name":"Botany","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botany?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":2235,"name":"Enzymology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzymology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":4489,"name":"Fermentation Technologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fermentation_Technologies?f_ri=208294"},{"id":19703,"name":"Applied microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":29976,"name":"Enzyme Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Technology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":48579,"name":"Microbial Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Biotechnology-1?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":269129,"name":"Fermentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fermentation?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36336686" data-work_id="36336686" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36336686/Production_of_Fungal_Laccase_Using_Orange_Peelings_as_Substrate_by_Submerged_Static_Fermentation">Production of Fungal Laccase Using Orange Peelings as Substrate by Submerged Static Fermentation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aims: Laccases are diphenol oxidases that have numerous applications in biotechnological processes. In this work, the production of fungal laccase using organic and inorganic feed substrates in submerged static fermentation was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36336686" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aims: Laccases are diphenol oxidases that have numerous applications in biotechnological processes. In this work, the production of fungal laccase using organic and inorganic feed substrates in submerged static fermentation was investigated. Study Design: One-factor-at-a-time strategy was adopted to optimize the cultural parameters for enhanced laccase production. Place and Duration of Study: Methodology: A total of nine fungal isolates were obtained from wood decaying sites of University of Port Harcourt forest areas and subjected to laccase screening with 2,2-Azinobis-3-ethyl(benzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS). The influence of medium components using the basal medium at pH 5.0 as base was evaluated and these cultural parameters include carbon sources (glycerol, rice bran, glucose and ground orange peelings), nitrogen sources (yeast extract, 2 potassium nitrate, peptone and ammonium chloride), metal ions (copper sulfate and manganese sulfate) and inducer compounds (ABTS, Tween 80 and soya oil). Time course study was conducted with the unoptimized and optimized cultural medium. Results: Out of nine cultures tested, seven were found to be laccase-positive with isolates CF-1 and CF-2 being the best potential cultures. Isolate CF-1 which had the highest laccase activity was identified as Pleurotus ostreatus and was chosen for further studies. Ground orange peelings (0.1% w/v) and NH 4 Cl (0.1% w/v) were the most suitable carbon and nitrogen source for laccase production by the fungus. Maximum laccase production was obtained with Cu 2+ at a concentration of 0.05%w/v among other metal ions. Soya oil at concentration of 0.05% (v/v) was the best inducer of the enzyme. The highest laccase production was achieved at an Initial pH 4.5. Under optimal culture medium, the maximum laccase activity was determined to be 7.21 U ml-1 on the 7th day of cultivation; which was approximately three times higher than that in basal medium (2.5 U ml-1). The results obtained indicate that the extracellular laccase production is dependent on various cultural parameters. Conclusion: One-factor-at-a-time strategy adopted in this study proved that the optimum conditions enhanced laccase production by three folds using orange peelings. The results obtained are very interesting since orange peelings are common agricultural wastes in several countries and imply that their re-utilization in the production of enzymes would help solve pollution problems caused by their improper disposal. In addition, Pleurotus ostreatus having shown promise for laccase production using low-cost lignocellulosic substrates could be suggested as a prospective candidate for higher laccase production for several biotechnological applications.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36336686" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1c1f0bb95517c765fad4ed495cee6fa9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56244623,"asset_id":36336686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56244623/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11145847" href="https://covenantuniversity.academia.edu/EzeFAhuekwe">Eze F. Ahuekwe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11145847" type="text/json">{"id":11145847,"first_name":"Eze F.","last_name":"Ahuekwe","domain_name":"covenantuniversity","page_name":"EzeFAhuekwe","display_name":"Eze F. Ahuekwe","profile_url":"https://covenantuniversity.academia.edu/EzeFAhuekwe?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11145847/3674704/19362706/s65_eze_f..ahuekwe.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36336686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36336686"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36336686, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36336686", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36336686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36336686; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36336686"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36336686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36336686"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36336686; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36336686]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36336686").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36336686").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36336686"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="821760" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/INDUSTRIAL_MICROBIOLOGY_AND_BIOTECHNOLOGY">INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="821760" type="text/json">{"id":821760,"name":"INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/INDUSTRIAL_MICROBIOLOGY_AND_BIOTECHNOLOGY?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36336686]'), work: {"id":36336686,"title":"Production of Fungal Laccase Using Orange Peelings as Substrate by Submerged Static Fermentation","created_at":"2018-04-05T06:21:07.710-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36336686/Production_of_Fungal_Laccase_Using_Orange_Peelings_as_Substrate_by_Submerged_Static_Fermentation?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_36336686","summary":"Aims: Laccases are diphenol oxidases that have numerous applications in biotechnological processes. In this work, the production of fungal laccase using organic and inorganic feed substrates in submerged static fermentation was investigated. Study Design: One-factor-at-a-time strategy was adopted to optimize the cultural parameters for enhanced laccase production. Place and Duration of Study: Methodology: A total of nine fungal isolates were obtained from wood decaying sites of University of Port Harcourt forest areas and subjected to laccase screening with 2,2-Azinobis-3-ethyl(benzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS). The influence of medium components using the basal medium at pH 5.0 as base was evaluated and these cultural parameters include carbon sources (glycerol, rice bran, glucose and ground orange peelings), nitrogen sources (yeast extract, 2 potassium nitrate, peptone and ammonium chloride), metal ions (copper sulfate and manganese sulfate) and inducer compounds (ABTS, Tween 80 and soya oil). Time course study was conducted with the unoptimized and optimized cultural medium. Results: Out of nine cultures tested, seven were found to be laccase-positive with isolates CF-1 and CF-2 being the best potential cultures. Isolate CF-1 which had the highest laccase activity was identified as Pleurotus ostreatus and was chosen for further studies. Ground orange peelings (0.1% w/v) and NH 4 Cl (0.1% w/v) were the most suitable carbon and nitrogen source for laccase production by the fungus. Maximum laccase production was obtained with Cu 2+ at a concentration of 0.05%w/v among other metal ions. Soya oil at concentration of 0.05% (v/v) was the best inducer of the enzyme. The highest laccase production was achieved at an Initial pH 4.5. Under optimal culture medium, the maximum laccase activity was determined to be 7.21 U ml-1 on the 7th day of cultivation; which was approximately three times higher than that in basal medium (2.5 U ml-1). The results obtained indicate that the extracellular laccase production is dependent on various cultural parameters. Conclusion: One-factor-at-a-time strategy adopted in this study proved that the optimum conditions enhanced laccase production by three folds using orange peelings. The results obtained are very interesting since orange peelings are common agricultural wastes in several countries and imply that their re-utilization in the production of enzymes would help solve pollution problems caused by their improper disposal. In addition, Pleurotus ostreatus having shown promise for laccase production using low-cost lignocellulosic substrates could be suggested as a prospective candidate for higher laccase production for several biotechnological applications.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56244623,"asset_id":36336686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11145847,"first_name":"Eze F.","last_name":"Ahuekwe","domain_name":"covenantuniversity","page_name":"EzeFAhuekwe","display_name":"Eze F. Ahuekwe","profile_url":"https://covenantuniversity.academia.edu/EzeFAhuekwe?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/11145847/3674704/19362706/s65_eze_f..ahuekwe.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":821760,"name":"INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/INDUSTRIAL_MICROBIOLOGY_AND_BIOTECHNOLOGY?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80352654" data-work_id="80352654" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80352654/Biofilm_Interactions_between_Distinct_Bacterial_Genera_Isolated_from_Drinking_Water">Biofilm Interactions between Distinct Bacterial Genera Isolated from Drinking Water</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the environment, multiple microorganisms coexist as communities, competing for resources and often associated as biofilms. In this study, single- and dual-species biofilm formation by, and specific activities of, six heterotrophic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80352654" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the environment, multiple microorganisms coexist as communities, competing for resources and often associated as biofilms. In this study, single- and dual-species biofilm formation by, and specific activities of, six heterotrophic intergeneric bacteria were determined using 96-well polystyrene plates over a 72-h period. These bacteria were isolated from drinking water and identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A series of planktonic studies was also performed, assessing the bacterial growth rate, motility, and production of quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSI). This constituted an attempt to identify key attributes allowing bacteria to effectively interact and coexist in a drinking-water environment. We observed that in both pure and dual cultures, all of the isolates formed stable biofilms within 72 h, with specific metabolic activity decreasing, in most cases, with an increase in biofilm mass. The largest single- and dual-biofilm amounts were found for Methylobacterium sp. ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80352654" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="81b114f2f7abfd78face9f0076302640" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86763174,"asset_id":80352654,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86763174/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56735929" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LuciaSimoes">Lucia Simoes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56735929" type="text/json">{"id":56735929,"first_name":"Lucia","last_name":"Simoes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuciaSimoes","display_name":"Lucia Simoes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuciaSimoes?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80352654 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80352654"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80352654, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80352654", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80352654 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80352654; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80352654"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80352654 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80352654"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80352654; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80352654]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80352654").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80352654").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80352654"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilms">Biofilms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2187" type="text/json">{"id":2187,"name":"Biofilms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilms?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25508" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Assessment">Performance Assessment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25508" type="text/json">{"id":25508,"name":"Performance Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Assessment?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80352654]'), work: {"id":80352654,"title":"Biofilm Interactions between Distinct Bacterial Genera Isolated from Drinking Water","created_at":"2022-05-31T03:31:37.820-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80352654/Biofilm_Interactions_between_Distinct_Bacterial_Genera_Isolated_from_Drinking_Water?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_80352654","summary":"In the environment, multiple microorganisms coexist as communities, competing for resources and often associated as biofilms. In this study, single- and dual-species biofilm formation by, and specific activities of, six heterotrophic intergeneric bacteria were determined using 96-well polystyrene plates over a 72-h period. These bacteria were isolated from drinking water and identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A series of planktonic studies was also performed, assessing the bacterial growth rate, motility, and production of quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSI). This constituted an attempt to identify key attributes allowing bacteria to effectively interact and coexist in a drinking-water environment. We observed that in both pure and dual cultures, all of the isolates formed stable biofilms within 72 h, with specific metabolic activity decreasing, in most cases, with an increase in biofilm mass. The largest single- and dual-biofilm amounts were found for Methylobacterium sp. ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86763174,"asset_id":80352654,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56735929,"first_name":"Lucia","last_name":"Simoes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LuciaSimoes","display_name":"Lucia Simoes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LuciaSimoes?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":2187,"name":"Biofilms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilms?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":25508,"name":"Performance Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Assessment?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=208294"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294"},{"id":64055,"name":"Water Supply","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Supply?f_ri=208294"},{"id":65788,"name":"Biofilm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilm?f_ri=208294"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=208294"},{"id":120641,"name":"Drinking Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drinking_Water?f_ri=208294"},{"id":137610,"name":"Quorum Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quorum_Sensing?f_ri=208294"},{"id":154904,"name":"Communicative Competence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communicative_Competence?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":399886,"name":"Specific Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Specific_Activity?f_ri=208294"},{"id":479537,"name":"Bacterial growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_growth?f_ri=208294"},{"id":533274,"name":"Growth rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Growth_rate?f_ri=208294"},{"id":646441,"name":"Water Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1109980,"name":"Bacterial Adhesion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Adhesion?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18288320" data-work_id="18288320" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18288320/Low_Density_Macroarray_Targeting_Non_Locus_of_Enterocyte_Effacement_Effectors_nle_Genes_and_Major_Virulence_Factors_of_Shiga_Toxin_Producing_Escherichia_coli_STEC_a_New_Approach_for_Molecular_Risk_Assessment_of_STEC_Isolates">Low-Density Macroarray Targeting Non-Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Effectors (nle Genes) and Major Virulence Factors of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC): a New Approach for Molecular Risk Assessment of STEC Isolates</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18288320" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="29f2e4f3bab619fe00b3c8341dcb073c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39975054,"asset_id":18288320,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39975054/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38270871" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LBeutin">L. Beutin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38270871" type="text/json">{"id":38270871,"first_name":"L.","last_name":"Beutin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LBeutin","display_name":"L. Beutin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LBeutin?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18288320 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18288320"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18288320, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18288320", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18288320 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18288320; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18288320"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18288320 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18288320"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18288320; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18288320]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18288320").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18288320").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18288320"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1444" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology">Environmental microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1444" type="text/json">{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31632" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology">Food Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="31632" type="text/json">{"id":31632,"name":"Food Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18288320]'), work: {"id":18288320,"title":"Low-Density Macroarray Targeting Non-Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Effectors (nle Genes) and Major Virulence Factors of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC): a New Approach for Molecular Risk Assessment of STEC Isolates","created_at":"2015-11-13T08:42:24.827-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18288320/Low_Density_Macroarray_Targeting_Non_Locus_of_Enterocyte_Effacement_Effectors_nle_Genes_and_Major_Virulence_Factors_of_Shiga_Toxin_Producing_Escherichia_coli_STEC_a_New_Approach_for_Molecular_Risk_Assessment_of_STEC_Isolates?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_18288320","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39975054,"asset_id":18288320,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38270871,"first_name":"L.","last_name":"Beutin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LBeutin","display_name":"L. Beutin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LBeutin?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":31632,"name":"Food Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=208294"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=208294"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=208294"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=208294"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=208294"},{"id":923659,"name":"Virulence Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virulence_Factors?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1684568,"name":"Escherichia Coli Infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_Coli_Infections?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17361777" data-work_id="17361777" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17361777/Isolation_of_a_bioemulsifier_from_Candida_lipolytica_Appl_Environ_Microbiol_48_747_750">Isolation of a bioemulsifier from Candida lipolytica. Appl Environ Microbiol 48: 747-750</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The yeast Candida lipolytica produced an inducible extracellular emulsification activity when it was grown with a number of water-immiscible carbon substrates. Negligible emulsification activity was produced by this yeast when it was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17361777" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The yeast Candida lipolytica produced an inducible extracellular emulsification activity when it was grown with a number of water-immiscible carbon substrates. Negligible emulsification activity was produced by this yeast when it was grown with glucose as the carbon substrate. In hexadecane-supplemented cultures, emulsification activity was first detected after 36 h of growth, with maximum production after 130 h. A water-soluble emulsification activity was partially purified by repeated solvent extractions of the culture filtrate. This emulsifier, which we named liposan, was primarily composed of carbohydrate. Maximum emulsification activity was obtained when the ratio of hexadecane to liposan was 50:1. Maximum emulsification activity was obtained from pH 2 to 5. Liposan was heat stable to temperatures up to 70 degrees C, with a 60% loss in activity after heating for 1 h at 100 degrees C. Liposan effected stable oil-in-water emulsions with a variety of hydrocarbons.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17361777" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cecf0e3602d6fe50671a0baef966654f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39467933,"asset_id":17361777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39467933/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36843188" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeCarman1">George Carman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36843188" type="text/json">{"id":36843188,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Carman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GeorgeCarman1","display_name":"George Carman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeCarman1?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17361777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17361777"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17361777, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17361777", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17361777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17361777; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17361777"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17361777 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17361777"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17361777; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17361777]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17361777").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17361777").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17361777"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5303" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon">Carbon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5303" type="text/json">{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="105582" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candida">Candida</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="105582" type="text/json">{"id":105582,"name":"Candida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candida?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107664" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="107664" type="text/json">{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17361777]'), work: {"id":17361777,"title":"Isolation of a bioemulsifier from Candida lipolytica. Appl Environ Microbiol 48: 747-750","created_at":"2015-10-27T13:35:54.374-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17361777/Isolation_of_a_bioemulsifier_from_Candida_lipolytica_Appl_Environ_Microbiol_48_747_750?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_17361777","summary":"The yeast Candida lipolytica produced an inducible extracellular emulsification activity when it was grown with a number of water-immiscible carbon substrates. Negligible emulsification activity was produced by this yeast when it was grown with glucose as the carbon substrate. In hexadecane-supplemented cultures, emulsification activity was first detected after 36 h of growth, with maximum production after 130 h. A water-soluble emulsification activity was partially purified by repeated solvent extractions of the culture filtrate. This emulsifier, which we named liposan, was primarily composed of carbohydrate. Maximum emulsification activity was obtained when the ratio of hexadecane to liposan was 50:1. Maximum emulsification activity was obtained from pH 2 to 5. Liposan was heat stable to temperatures up to 70 degrees C, with a 60% loss in activity after heating for 1 h at 100 degrees C. Liposan effected stable oil-in-water emulsions with a variety of hydrocarbons.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39467933,"asset_id":17361777,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36843188,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Carman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GeorgeCarman1","display_name":"George Carman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeorgeCarman1?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5303,"name":"Carbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":105582,"name":"Candida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candida?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1135766,"name":"Excipients","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Excipients?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1491514,"name":"*Hot Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Hot_Temperature?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31655941" data-work_id="31655941" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31655941/RESEARCH_PAPERS_PUBLISHED_16_docx">RESEARCH PAPERS PUBLISHED- 16.docx</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Bioremediation  of  toxic elements</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31655941" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d0e596d85fe744f1b77bf23575db3927" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51979884,"asset_id":31655941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51979884/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60622187" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VSHamde">V.S. Hamde</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60622187" type="text/json">{"id":60622187,"first_name":"V.S.","last_name":"Hamde","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VSHamde","display_name":"V.S. Hamde","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VSHamde?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31655941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31655941"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31655941, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31655941", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31655941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31655941; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31655941"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31655941 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31655941"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31655941; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31655941]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31655941").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31655941").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31655941"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31655941]'), work: {"id":31655941,"title":"RESEARCH PAPERS PUBLISHED- 16.docx","created_at":"2017-03-01T00:30:26.050-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31655941/RESEARCH_PAPERS_PUBLISHED_16_docx?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_31655941","summary":"Bioremediation of toxic elements ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51979884,"asset_id":31655941,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60622187,"first_name":"V.S.","last_name":"Hamde","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"VSHamde","display_name":"V.S. Hamde","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/VSHamde?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31217228" data-work_id="31217228" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31217228/Rehydration_of_the_Lichen_Ramalina_lacera_Results_in_Production_of_Reactive_Oxygen_Species_and_Nitric_Oxide_and_a_Decrease_in_Antioxidants">Rehydration of the Lichen Ramalina lacera Results in Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide and a Decrease in Antioxidants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31217228" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b0860f065643ac5c4c3371894ce6140f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51630611,"asset_id":31217228,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51630611/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="274519" href="https://telaviv.academia.edu/JacobGarty">Jacob Garty</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="274519" type="text/json">{"id":274519,"first_name":"Jacob","last_name":"Garty","domain_name":"telaviv","page_name":"JacobGarty","display_name":"Jacob Garty","profile_url":"https://telaviv.academia.edu/JacobGarty?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31217228 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31217228"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31217228, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31217228", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31217228 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31217228; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31217228"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31217228 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31217228"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31217228; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31217228]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31217228").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31217228").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31217228"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5345" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photosynthesis">Photosynthesis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5345" type="text/json">{"id":5345,"name":"Photosynthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photosynthesis?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11976" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution">Air pollution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11976" type="text/json">{"id":11976,"name":"Air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18533" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confocal_Microscopy">Confocal Microscopy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18533" type="text/json">{"id":18533,"name":"Confocal Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confocal_Microscopy?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31217228]'), work: {"id":31217228,"title":"Rehydration of the Lichen Ramalina lacera Results in Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide and a Decrease in Antioxidants","created_at":"2017-02-03T22:15:38.464-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31217228/Rehydration_of_the_Lichen_Ramalina_lacera_Results_in_Production_of_Reactive_Oxygen_Species_and_Nitric_Oxide_and_a_Decrease_in_Antioxidants?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_31217228","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51630611,"asset_id":31217228,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":274519,"first_name":"Jacob","last_name":"Garty","domain_name":"telaviv","page_name":"JacobGarty","display_name":"Jacob Garty","profile_url":"https://telaviv.academia.edu/JacobGarty?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":5345,"name":"Photosynthesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photosynthesis?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":11976,"name":"Air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_pollution?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":18533,"name":"Confocal Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confocal_Microscopy?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294"},{"id":51711,"name":"Antioxidants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidants?f_ri=208294"},{"id":82978,"name":"Reactive Oxygen Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactive_Oxygen_Species?f_ri=208294"},{"id":93922,"name":"Nitric oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitric_oxide?f_ri=208294"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=208294"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":149132,"name":"Lichens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lichens?f_ri=208294"},{"id":161076,"name":"Green Algae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Algae?f_ri=208294"},{"id":165000,"name":"Desiccation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Desiccation?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":216315,"name":"Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laser_Scanning_Confocal_Microscopy?f_ri=208294"},{"id":559224,"name":"Membrane Integrity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Membrane_Integrity?f_ri=208294"},{"id":598869,"name":"Water soluble polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_soluble_polymers?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1496706,"name":"Low molecular weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_molecular_weight?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2021432,"name":"Electrolyte Leakage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrolyte_Leakage?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20842877" data-work_id="20842877" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20842877/Isolation_and_characterization_of_a_phosphate_solubilizing_heavy_metal_tolerant_bacterium_from_River_Ganga_West_Bengal_India">Isolation and characterization of a phosphate solubilizing heavy metal tolerant bacterium from River Ganga, West Bengal, India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Phosphates solubilizing bacterial (PSB) strains were isolated from the jute mill effluent discharge area of the Ganga river water at Bansberia, West Bengal, India. Experimental studies found that the strain KUPSB16 was effective in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20842877" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Phosphates solubilizing bacterial (PSB) strains were isolated from the jute mill effluent discharge area of the Ganga river water at Bansberia, West Bengal, India. Experimental studies found that the strain KUPSB16 was effective in solubiliza-tion of phosphate with phosphate solubilization index (SI) = 3.14 in Pikovskaya's agar plates along with maximum solubilized phosphate production of 208.18 g mL-1 in broth culture. Highest drop in pH value was associated with maximum amount of phosphate solubilization by the PSB strain KUPSB16 where pH decreased to 3.53 from initial value of 7.0±0.2. The isolated PSB strains were tested for tolerance against four heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) at concentrations 1-15 mM. The results showed that most of the PSB isolates grew well at low concentrations of heavy metals and their number gradually decreased as the concentration increased. Isolated PSB strain KUPSB16 was tested for its multiple metal resistances. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Cd 2+ , Cr 6+ , Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ in tris-minimal broth medium were 4.2, 5.5, 3.6 and 9.5 mM respectively. The MIC values for the metals studied on agar medium was higher than in broth medium and ranged from 4.8-11.0 mM. The isolated bacterial strain KUPSB16 was subjected to morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization and identified as the species of the genus Bacillus. The phosphate solubilizing bacterium possessing the properties of multiple heavy metal tolerance in heavy metal contaminated areas might be exploited for bioremediation studies in future.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20842877" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="54c65f6b72be4b1233fafc31451aa505" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41592957,"asset_id":20842877,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41592957/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9887484" href="https://independent.academia.edu/pseudomonasaeruginosa">Dipak Paul</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9887484" type="text/json">{"id":9887484,"first_name":"Dipak","last_name":"Paul","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"pseudomonasaeruginosa","display_name":"Dipak Paul","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/pseudomonasaeruginosa?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9887484/3075636/15143075/s65_dipak.paul.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20842877 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20842877"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20842877, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20842877", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20842877 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20842877; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20842877"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20842877 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20842877"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20842877; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20842877]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20842877").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20842877").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20842877"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1444" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology">Environmental microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1444" type="text/json">{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10154" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_">Environmental Microbiology (Biology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10154" type="text/json">{"id":10154,"name":"Environmental Microbiology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47438" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ganga_River_System">Ganga River System</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47438" type="text/json">{"id":47438,"name":"Ganga River System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ganga_River_System?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57697" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_metals">Heavy metals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57697" type="text/json">{"id":57697,"name":"Heavy metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_metals?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20842877]'), work: {"id":20842877,"title":"Isolation and characterization of a phosphate solubilizing heavy metal tolerant bacterium from River Ganga, West Bengal, India","created_at":"2016-01-26T10:05:28.201-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20842877/Isolation_and_characterization_of_a_phosphate_solubilizing_heavy_metal_tolerant_bacterium_from_River_Ganga_West_Bengal_India?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_20842877","summary":"Phosphates solubilizing bacterial (PSB) strains were isolated from the jute mill effluent discharge area of the Ganga river water at Bansberia, West Bengal, India. Experimental studies found that the strain KUPSB16 was effective in solubiliza-tion of phosphate with phosphate solubilization index (SI) = 3.14 in Pikovskaya's agar plates along with maximum solubilized phosphate production of 208.18 g mL-1 in broth culture. Highest drop in pH value was associated with maximum amount of phosphate solubilization by the PSB strain KUPSB16 where pH decreased to 3.53 from initial value of 7.0±0.2. The isolated PSB strains were tested for tolerance against four heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) at concentrations 1-15 mM. The results showed that most of the PSB isolates grew well at low concentrations of heavy metals and their number gradually decreased as the concentration increased. Isolated PSB strain KUPSB16 was tested for its multiple metal resistances. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for Cd 2+ , Cr 6+ , Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ in tris-minimal broth medium were 4.2, 5.5, 3.6 and 9.5 mM respectively. The MIC values for the metals studied on agar medium was higher than in broth medium and ranged from 4.8-11.0 mM. The isolated bacterial strain KUPSB16 was subjected to morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization and identified as the species of the genus Bacillus. The phosphate solubilizing bacterium possessing the properties of multiple heavy metal tolerance in heavy metal contaminated areas might be exploited for bioremediation studies in future.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41592957,"asset_id":20842877,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9887484,"first_name":"Dipak","last_name":"Paul","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"pseudomonasaeruginosa","display_name":"Dipak Paul","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/pseudomonasaeruginosa?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9887484/3075636/15143075/s65_dipak.paul.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1444,"name":"Environmental microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":10154,"name":"Environmental Microbiology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":47438,"name":"Ganga River System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ganga_River_System?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":57697,"name":"Heavy metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_metals?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":111050,"name":"Heavy Metal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_Metal?f_ri=208294"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=208294"},{"id":114370,"name":"Phosphate solubilizing bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphate_solubilizing_bacteria?f_ri=208294"},{"id":172104,"name":"phosphate solubilizing fungus and bacteria PSM","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/phosphate_solubilizing_fungus_and_bacteria_PSM?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":252166,"name":"Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphate_Solubilizing_Microorganisms?f_ri=208294"},{"id":796877,"name":"Ganga River","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ganga_River?f_ri=208294"},{"id":975463,"name":"Heavy Metal Tolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_Metal_Tolerance?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68683949" data-work_id="68683949" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68683949/Geochemical_Characteristics_of_Three_Hot_Springs_from_Western_Thailand">Geochemical Characteristics of Three Hot Springs from Western Thailand</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">At present a total of 118 hot springs are distributed throughout Thailand. Several studies with a focus on high-temperature hot springs related to geothermal resources were conducted in the northern and southern parts of the country.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68683949" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">At present a total of 118 hot springs are distributed throughout Thailand. Several studies with a focus on high-temperature hot springs related to geothermal resources were conducted in the northern and southern parts of the country. Geochemical data, however; especially isotopes of medium-to-low temperature hot springs are still scarce. Geochemical water analyses and isotope studies can provide crucial information for the future economical development of the hot springs, such as reservoir temperature, water source and quality. This study aims to investigate the chemical composition and stable isotopes (δ18O, δD) of three hot spring waters from western Thailand; Hin Dad, Bor Klueng and Ban Samorthong (surface water temperatures of 40-50 °C). The chemical type of the hot spring waters from Ban Samorthong and Bor Klueng are alkaline-carbonate, while Hin Dad hot spring is a calcium-carbonate type with high amount of sulfate, which is related to bedrock. Based on the silica geothermomet...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68683949" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2fcb109df9828ea42180b2fb8b6e306e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79078801,"asset_id":68683949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79078801/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48656519" href="https://chula.academia.edu/RaphaelBissen">Raphael Bissen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48656519" type="text/json">{"id":48656519,"first_name":"Raphael","last_name":"Bissen","domain_name":"chula","page_name":"RaphaelBissen","display_name":"Raphael Bissen","profile_url":"https://chula.academia.edu/RaphaelBissen?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48656519/12803494/18385153/s65_raphael.bissen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68683949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68683949"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68683949, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68683949", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68683949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68683949; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68683949"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68683949 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68683949"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68683949; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68683949]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68683949").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68683949").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68683949"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68683949]'), work: {"id":68683949,"title":"Geochemical Characteristics of Three Hot Springs from Western Thailand","created_at":"2022-01-19T06:10:46.434-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68683949/Geochemical_Characteristics_of_Three_Hot_Springs_from_Western_Thailand?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_68683949","summary":"At present a total of 118 hot springs are distributed throughout Thailand. Several studies with a focus on high-temperature hot springs related to geothermal resources were conducted in the northern and southern parts of the country. Geochemical data, however; especially isotopes of medium-to-low temperature hot springs are still scarce. Geochemical water analyses and isotope studies can provide crucial information for the future economical development of the hot springs, such as reservoir temperature, water source and quality. This study aims to investigate the chemical composition and stable isotopes (δ18O, δD) of three hot spring waters from western Thailand; Hin Dad, Bor Klueng and Ban Samorthong (surface water temperatures of 40-50 °C). The chemical type of the hot spring waters from Ban Samorthong and Bor Klueng are alkaline-carbonate, while Hin Dad hot spring is a calcium-carbonate type with high amount of sulfate, which is related to bedrock. Based on the silica geothermomet...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79078801,"asset_id":68683949,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48656519,"first_name":"Raphael","last_name":"Bissen","domain_name":"chula","page_name":"RaphaelBissen","display_name":"Raphael Bissen","profile_url":"https://chula.academia.edu/RaphaelBissen?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/48656519/12803494/18385153/s65_raphael.bissen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13554911" data-work_id="13554911" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13554911/Modeling_Yeast_Spoilage_in_Cold_Filled_Ready_To_Drink_Beverages_with_Saccharomyces_cerevisiae_Zygosaccharomyces_bailii_and_Candida_lipolytica">Modeling Yeast Spoilage in Cold-Filled Ready-To-Drink Beverages with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, and Candida lipolytica</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13554911" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="81d566bfb65b61cdf7994b19352a3b5c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45219648,"asset_id":13554911,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45219648/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32742886" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SiobainDuffy">Siobain Duffy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32742886" type="text/json">{"id":32742886,"first_name":"Siobain","last_name":"Duffy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SiobainDuffy","display_name":"Siobain Duffy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SiobainDuffy?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13554911 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13554911"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13554911, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13554911", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13554911 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13554911; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13554911"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13554911 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13554911"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13554911; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13554911]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13554911").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13554911").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13554911"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21747" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Design">Experimental Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21747" type="text/json">{"id":21747,"name":"Experimental Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Design?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31632" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology">Food Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31632" type="text/json">{"id":31632,"name":"Food Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="32433" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Regression">Logistic Regression</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="32433" type="text/json">{"id":32433,"name":"Logistic Regression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Regression?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13554911]'), work: {"id":13554911,"title":"Modeling Yeast Spoilage in Cold-Filled Ready-To-Drink Beverages with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, and Candida lipolytica","created_at":"2015-07-02T12:32:59.565-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13554911/Modeling_Yeast_Spoilage_in_Cold_Filled_Ready_To_Drink_Beverages_with_Saccharomyces_cerevisiae_Zygosaccharomyces_bailii_and_Candida_lipolytica?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_13554911","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45219648,"asset_id":13554911,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32742886,"first_name":"Siobain","last_name":"Duffy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SiobainDuffy","display_name":"Siobain Duffy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SiobainDuffy?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21747,"name":"Experimental Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Design?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":31632,"name":"Food Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":32433,"name":"Logistic Regression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Regression?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":39718,"name":"Food Preservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Preservation?f_ri=208294"},{"id":49123,"name":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae?f_ri=208294"},{"id":105582,"name":"Candida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Candida?f_ri=208294"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":160656,"name":"Potassium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potassium?f_ri=208294"},{"id":179589,"name":"Water Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Activity?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":224767,"name":"Prediction Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction_Model?f_ri=208294"},{"id":291387,"name":"Mathematical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Model?f_ri=208294"},{"id":302971,"name":"Beverages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beverages?f_ri=208294"},{"id":609249,"name":"CARBOHYDRATES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CARBOHYDRATES?f_ri=208294"},{"id":983424,"name":"Sodium Benzoate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sodium_Benzoate?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1294607,"name":"Logistic Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Logistic_Models?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1832259,"name":"Titratable acidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Titratable_acidity?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2327031,"name":"Microbial Growth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Growth?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2438184,"name":"Sorbic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sorbic_Acid?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20293208" data-work_id="20293208" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20293208/Degradation_of_Pyridine_by_Micrococcus_luteus_Isolated_from_Soil">Degradation of Pyridine by Micrococcus luteus Isolated from Soil</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An organism capable of growth on pyridine was isolated from soil by enrichment culture techniques and identified as Micrococcus luteus. The organism oxidized pyridine for energy and released N contained in the pyridine ring as ammonium.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20293208" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An organism capable of growth on pyridine was isolated from soil by enrichment culture techniques and identified as Micrococcus luteus. The organism oxidized pyridine for energy and released N contained in the pyridine ring as ammonium. The organism could not grow on mono- or disubstituted pyridinecarboxylic acids or hydroxy-, chloro-, amino-, or methylpyridines. Cell extracts of M. luteus could not degrade pyridine, 2-, 3-, or 4-hydroxypyridines or 2,3-dihydroxypyridine, regardless of added cofactors or cell particulate fraction. The organism had a NAD-linked succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase which was induced by pyridine. Cell extracts of M. luteus had constitutive amidase activity, and washed cells degraded formate and formamide without a lag. These data are consistent with a previously reported pathway for pyridine metabolism by species of Bacillus, Brevibacterium, and Corynebacterium. Cells of M. luteus were permeable to pyridinecarboxylic acids, monohydroxypyridines, 2,3-di...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20293208" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c1034fd85f84a93cfe0b070d297e94a8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41354145,"asset_id":20293208,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41354145/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41534913" href="https://nmsu.academia.edu/GeraldSims">Gerald Sims</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41534913" type="text/json">{"id":41534913,"first_name":"Gerald","last_name":"Sims","domain_name":"nmsu","page_name":"GeraldSims","display_name":"Gerald Sims","profile_url":"https://nmsu.academia.edu/GeraldSims?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41534913/64499501/52822156/s65_gerald.sims.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20293208 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20293208"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20293208, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20293208", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20293208 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20293208; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20293208"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20293208 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20293208"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20293208; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20293208]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20293208").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20293208").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20293208"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107664" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied Environmental Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="107664" type="text/json">{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20293208]'), work: {"id":20293208,"title":"Degradation of Pyridine by Micrococcus luteus Isolated from Soil","created_at":"2016-01-15T08:39:10.865-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20293208/Degradation_of_Pyridine_by_Micrococcus_luteus_Isolated_from_Soil?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_20293208","summary":"An organism capable of growth on pyridine was isolated from soil by enrichment culture techniques and identified as Micrococcus luteus. The organism oxidized pyridine for energy and released N contained in the pyridine ring as ammonium. The organism could not grow on mono- or disubstituted pyridinecarboxylic acids or hydroxy-, chloro-, amino-, or methylpyridines. Cell extracts of M. luteus could not degrade pyridine, 2-, 3-, or 4-hydroxypyridines or 2,3-dihydroxypyridine, regardless of added cofactors or cell particulate fraction. The organism had a NAD-linked succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase which was induced by pyridine. Cell extracts of M. luteus had constitutive amidase activity, and washed cells degraded formate and formamide without a lag. These data are consistent with a previously reported pathway for pyridine metabolism by species of Bacillus, Brevibacterium, and Corynebacterium. Cells of M. luteus were permeable to pyridinecarboxylic acids, monohydroxypyridines, 2,3-di...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41354145,"asset_id":20293208,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41534913,"first_name":"Gerald","last_name":"Sims","domain_name":"nmsu","page_name":"GeraldSims","display_name":"Gerald Sims","profile_url":"https://nmsu.academia.edu/GeraldSims?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41534913/64499501/52822156/s65_gerald.sims.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15194625" data-work_id="15194625" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15194625/Knowledge_attitude_and_practice_assessment_of_biomedical_waste">Knowledge, attitude and practice assessment of biomedical waste</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15194625" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="824fba7bcd0e1ac4b3e908b31f3e5f3c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38576756,"asset_id":15194625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38576756/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8978255" href="https://muhsnashik.academia.edu/karanostwal">karan ostwal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8978255" type="text/json">{"id":8978255,"first_name":"karan","last_name":"ostwal","domain_name":"muhsnashik","page_name":"karanostwal","display_name":"karan ostwal","profile_url":"https://muhsnashik.academia.edu/karanostwal?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8978255/2930508/19118591/s65_karan.ostwal.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15194625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15194625"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15194625, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15194625", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15194625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15194625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15194625"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15194625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15194625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15194625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15194625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15194625").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15194625").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15194625"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10154" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_">Environmental Microbiology (Biology)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10154" type="text/json">{"id":10154,"name":"Environmental Microbiology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19703" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_microbiology">Applied microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19703" type="text/json">{"id":19703,"name":"Applied microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15194625]'), work: {"id":15194625,"title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice assessment of biomedical waste","created_at":"2015-08-26T06:16:27.893-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15194625/Knowledge_attitude_and_practice_assessment_of_biomedical_waste?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_15194625","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38576756,"asset_id":15194625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8978255,"first_name":"karan","last_name":"ostwal","domain_name":"muhsnashik","page_name":"karanostwal","display_name":"karan ostwal","profile_url":"https://muhsnashik.academia.edu/karanostwal?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8978255/2930508/19118591/s65_karan.ostwal.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10154,"name":"Environmental Microbiology (Biology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Microbiology_Biology_?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":19703,"name":"Applied microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9467358" data-work_id="9467358" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9467358/Does_Participation_in_Citizen_Science_Improve_Scientific_Literacy_A_Study_to_Compare_Assessment_Methods">Does Participation in Citizen Science Improve Scientific Literacy? A Study to Compare Assessment Methods</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study investigated the use of a contextually sensitive instrument to assess the effect of invasive species monitoring training on the scientific literacy of citizen volunteers. The authors measured scientific literacy scores before... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9467358" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study investigated the use of a contextually sensitive instrument to assess the effect of invasive species monitoring training on the scientific literacy of citizen volunteers. The authors measured scientific literacy scores before and after 57 citizens participated in a 2-day event to learn to monitor invasive species with an instrument including 1 general-measures (Science and Engineering Indicator [SEI]) item and 4 newly developed contextual items. Ninety control subjects were also tested with a mailed survey that included the SEI item and the contextual items. Control scores, compared with trainees’ pretest scores with the chi-square (SEI) and independent-samples t-test (contextual), did not differ significantly from the pretest scores of trainees on either the SEI (p = .68) or the contextual (p = .11) items. The authors compared trainees’ pretest scores with their posttest scores using McNemar's chi-square (SEI) and a paired-samples t-test (contextual). Posttest scores on the SEI item were not significantly (p = .52) different from pretest scores. However, posttest scores on the contextual instrument were significantly (p = .007) higher than those on the pretest. The authors’ multi-item context-sensitive instrument detected significant science literacy gains that were not detected by the single generalized SEI item. Multi-item contextual instruments may offer a promising, feasible approach for the development of new instruments to assess the effect of training in invasive species monitoring, and possibly other types of citizen science programs, on the scientific literacy of citizen scientists.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9467358" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d18d5399d2ddcbf8e143030318403e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47769053,"asset_id":9467358,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47769053/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22123926" href="https://uwec.academia.edu/RuthCronje">Ruth Cronje</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22123926" type="text/json">{"id":22123926,"first_name":"Ruth","last_name":"Cronje","domain_name":"uwec","page_name":"RuthCronje","display_name":"Ruth Cronje","profile_url":"https://uwec.academia.edu/RuthCronje?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9467358 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9467358"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9467358, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9467358", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9467358 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9467358; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9467358"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9467358 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9467358"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9467358; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9467358]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9467358").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9467358").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9467358"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1736" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education">Science Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1736" type="text/json">{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8910" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation">Evaluation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8910" type="text/json">{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11870" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species">Invasive Species</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11870" type="text/json">{"id":11870,"name":"Invasive Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9467358]'), work: {"id":9467358,"title":"Does Participation in Citizen Science Improve Scientific Literacy? A Study to Compare Assessment Methods","created_at":"2014-11-23T21:20:05.907-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9467358/Does_Participation_in_Citizen_Science_Improve_Scientific_Literacy_A_Study_to_Compare_Assessment_Methods?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_9467358","summary":"This study investigated the use of a contextually sensitive instrument to assess the effect of invasive species monitoring training on the scientific literacy of citizen volunteers. The authors measured scientific literacy scores before and after 57 citizens participated in a 2-day event to learn to monitor invasive species with an instrument including 1 general-measures (Science and Engineering Indicator [SEI]) item and 4 newly developed contextual items. Ninety control subjects were also tested with a mailed survey that included the SEI item and the contextual items. Control scores, compared with trainees’ pretest scores with the chi-square (SEI) and independent-samples t-test (contextual), did not differ significantly from the pretest scores of trainees on either the SEI (p = .68) or the contextual (p = .11) items. The authors compared trainees’ pretest scores with their posttest scores using McNemar's chi-square (SEI) and a paired-samples t-test (contextual). Posttest scores on the SEI item were not significantly (p = .52) different from pretest scores. However, posttest scores on the contextual instrument were significantly (p = .007) higher than those on the pretest. The authors’ multi-item context-sensitive instrument detected significant science literacy gains that were not detected by the single generalized SEI item. Multi-item contextual instruments may offer a promising, feasible approach for the development of new instruments to assess the effect of training in invasive species monitoring, and possibly other types of citizen science programs, on the scientific literacy of citizen scientists.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47769053,"asset_id":9467358,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22123926,"first_name":"Ruth","last_name":"Cronje","domain_name":"uwec","page_name":"RuthCronje","display_name":"Ruth Cronje","profile_url":"https://uwec.academia.edu/RuthCronje?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":1736,"name":"Science Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Education?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":11870,"name":"Invasive Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":20303,"name":"Scientific Literacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Literacy?f_ri=208294"},{"id":56913,"name":"Citizen Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citizen_Science?f_ri=208294"},{"id":57415,"name":"Scientific methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_methodology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=208294"},{"id":85471,"name":"Citizen participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Citizen_participation?f_ri=208294"},{"id":94572,"name":"Evaluation methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation_methods?f_ri=208294"},{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance?f_ri=208294"},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13303683" data-work_id="13303683" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13303683/Dekkera_bruxellensis_and_Lactobacillus_vini_Form_a_Stable_Ethanol_Producing_Consortium_in_a_Commercial_Alcohol_Production_Process">Dekkera bruxellensis and Lactobacillus vini Form a Stable Ethanol-Producing Consortium in a Commercial Alcohol Production Process</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13303683" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="91c783d1256a0187389dd996fd83d833" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45493791,"asset_id":13303683,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45493791/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32554003" href="https://slu-se.academia.edu/VolkmarPassoth">Volkmar Passoth</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32554003" type="text/json">{"id":32554003,"first_name":"Volkmar","last_name":"Passoth","domain_name":"slu-se","page_name":"VolkmarPassoth","display_name":"Volkmar Passoth","profile_url":"https://slu-se.academia.edu/VolkmarPassoth?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13303683 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13303683"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13303683, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13303683", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13303683 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13303683; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13303683"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13303683 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13303683"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13303683; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13303683]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13303683").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13303683").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13303683"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5398" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5398" type="text/json">{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sweden">Sweden</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="44814" type="text/json">{"id":44814,"name":"Sweden","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sweden?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106368" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactobacillus">Lactobacillus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="106368" type="text/json">{"id":106368,"name":"Lactobacillus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactobacillus?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13303683]'), work: {"id":13303683,"title":"Dekkera bruxellensis and Lactobacillus vini Form a Stable Ethanol-Producing Consortium in a Commercial Alcohol Production Process","created_at":"2015-06-26T00:33:34.531-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13303683/Dekkera_bruxellensis_and_Lactobacillus_vini_Form_a_Stable_Ethanol_Producing_Consortium_in_a_Commercial_Alcohol_Production_Process?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_13303683","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45493791,"asset_id":13303683,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32554003,"first_name":"Volkmar","last_name":"Passoth","domain_name":"slu-se","page_name":"VolkmarPassoth","display_name":"Volkmar Passoth","profile_url":"https://slu-se.academia.edu/VolkmarPassoth?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":44814,"name":"Sweden","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sweden?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":106368,"name":"Lactobacillus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactobacillus?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":121705,"name":"Ethanol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":269129,"name":"Fermentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fermentation?f_ri=208294"},{"id":385144,"name":"Production Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production_Process?f_ri=208294"},{"id":501201,"name":"Bioreactors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioreactors?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19052431 coauthored" data-work_id="19052431" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19052431/C_type_cytochromes_and_manganese_oxidation_in_Pseudomonas_putida_MnB1">C-type cytochromes and manganese oxidation in Pseudomonas putida MnB1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19052431" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1326ca27041ed09329d0046b6bdbf91e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40403976,"asset_id":19052431,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40403976/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39222126" href="https://sri.academia.edu/RonCaspi">Ron Caspi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39222126" type="text/json">{"id":39222126,"first_name":"Ron","last_name":"Caspi","domain_name":"sri","page_name":"RonCaspi","display_name":"Ron Caspi","profile_url":"https://sri.academia.edu/RonCaspi?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19052431">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19052431"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ohsu.academia.edu/BradleyTebo">Bradley Tebo</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19052431'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19052431').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19052431 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19052431"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19052431, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19052431", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19052431 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19052431; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19052431"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19052431 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19052431"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19052431; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19052431]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19052431").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19052431").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19052431"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29057" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manganese">Manganese</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29057" type="text/json">{"id":29057,"name":"Manganese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manganese?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli">Escherichia coli</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="83128" type="text/json">{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19052431]'), work: {"id":19052431,"title":"C-type cytochromes and manganese oxidation in Pseudomonas putida MnB1","created_at":"2015-11-26T09:18:36.757-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19052431/C_type_cytochromes_and_manganese_oxidation_in_Pseudomonas_putida_MnB1?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_19052431","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40403976,"asset_id":19052431,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39222126,"first_name":"Ron","last_name":"Caspi","domain_name":"sri","page_name":"RonCaspi","display_name":"Ron Caspi","profile_url":"https://sri.academia.edu/RonCaspi?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":39335578,"first_name":"Bradley","last_name":"Tebo","domain_name":"ohsu","page_name":"BradleyTebo","display_name":"Bradley Tebo","profile_url":"https://ohsu.academia.edu/BradleyTebo?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":29057,"name":"Manganese","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manganese?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":132510,"name":"Cytochrome c oxidase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cytochrome_c_oxidase?f_ri=208294"},{"id":183736,"name":"Pseudomonas putida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_putida?f_ri=208294"},{"id":190363,"name":"Plasmids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmids?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=208294"},{"id":477072,"name":"Manganese Oxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manganese_Oxide?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1256747,"name":"Oxidation-Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidation-Reduction?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40631103" data-work_id="40631103" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40631103/MICROBIALITES_WHAT_ON_EARTH">MICROBIALITES: WHAT ON EARTH</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Microbialites are rock-like underwater structures that look like reefs but are made entirely of millions of microbes. These structures are very ancient and can be found in di􀀀erent environments on every continent on Earth. Mexico has many... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40631103" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Microbialites are rock-like underwater structures that look like reefs<br />but are made entirely of millions of microbes. These structures<br />are very ancient and can be found in di􀀀erent environments on<br />every continent on Earth. Mexico has many microbialite reefs,<br />in desert valleys, crater-lakes, and coastal lagoons. Science helps<br />us to understand the microbes that build microbialites, to know<br />whether the same kinds of microbes make up microbialites in<br />di􀀀erent regions of the world, and to figure out how the microbes<br />organize into microbialites. Many things are damaging microbialites<br />in Mexico, including poorly planned development, pollution from<br />lack of sewage treatment, too much water usage, and the fertilizers<br />used for agriculture. Policies that regulate development are urgently<br />needed to help save these diverse and ancient microbial reefs.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40631103" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="95d53ccdb55a59a7e9b52041c379ee35" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60911161,"asset_id":40631103,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60911161/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5787503" href="https://lbl.academia.edu/PatriciaValdespino">Patricia M Valdespino</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5787503" type="text/json">{"id":5787503,"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Valdespino","domain_name":"lbl","page_name":"PatriciaValdespino","display_name":"Patricia M Valdespino","profile_url":"https://lbl.academia.edu/PatriciaValdespino?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5787503/13762082/34947907/s65_patricia.valdespino.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40631103 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40631103"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40631103, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40631103", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40631103 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40631103; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40631103"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40631103 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40631103"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40631103; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40631103]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40631103").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40631103").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40631103"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2467" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology">Conservation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2467" type="text/json">{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3869" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geobiology">Geobiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3869" type="text/json">{"id":3869,"name":"Geobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geobiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5400" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology">Systems Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5400" type="text/json">{"id":5400,"name":"Systems Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14718" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogeochemical_cycles">Biogeochemical cycles</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14718" type="text/json">{"id":14718,"name":"Biogeochemical cycles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogeochemical_cycles?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40631103]'), work: {"id":40631103,"title":"MICROBIALITES: WHAT ON EARTH","created_at":"2019-10-15T12:38:39.214-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40631103/MICROBIALITES_WHAT_ON_EARTH?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_40631103","summary":"Microbialites are rock-like underwater structures that look like reefs\nbut are made entirely of millions of microbes. These structures\nare very ancient and can be found in di􀀀erent environments on\nevery continent on Earth. Mexico has many microbialite reefs,\nin desert valleys, crater-lakes, and coastal lagoons. Science helps\nus to understand the microbes that build microbialites, to know\nwhether the same kinds of microbes make up microbialites in\ndi􀀀erent regions of the world, and to figure out how the microbes\norganize into microbialites. Many things are damaging microbialites\nin Mexico, including poorly planned development, pollution from\nlack of sewage treatment, too much water usage, and the fertilizers\nused for agriculture. Policies that regulate development are urgently\nneeded to help save these diverse and ancient microbial reefs.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60911161,"asset_id":40631103,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5787503,"first_name":"Patricia","last_name":"Valdespino","domain_name":"lbl","page_name":"PatriciaValdespino","display_name":"Patricia M Valdespino","profile_url":"https://lbl.academia.edu/PatriciaValdespino?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5787503/13762082/34947907/s65_patricia.valdespino.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":3869,"name":"Geobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geobiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":5400,"name":"Systems Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systems_Biology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":14718,"name":"Biogeochemical cycles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biogeochemical_cycles?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":18754,"name":"Global Environmental Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Environmental_Change?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":684779,"name":"Microbial Carbonates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbial_Carbonates?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38801625" data-work_id="38801625" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38801625/ISOLATION_AND_CHARACTERIZATION_OF_ACTINOMYCETES_FROM_SOIL_OF_AD_DAWADMI_SAUDI_ARABIA_AND_SCREENING_THEIR_ANTIBACTERIAL_ACTIVITIES_GOUSE_BASHA_SHEIK_1_MUAZZAM_SHERIFF_MAQBUL">ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTINOMYCETES FROM SOIL OF AD-DAWADMI, SAUDI ARABIA AND SCREENING THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES GOUSE BASHA SHEIK 1* , MUAZZAM SHERIFF MAQBUL</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: To isolate and characterize novel actinomycetes and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria Methods: In the present study, 19 soil samples were collected from different localities of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38801625" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: To isolate and characterize novel actinomycetes and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria Methods: In the present study, 19 soil samples were collected from different localities of Ad-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia. Actinomycetes were isolated from these samples using serial dilution and plating method on Actinomycetes isolation agar supplemented with nalidixic acid and actidione to inhibit bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts of potential actinomycetes were produced by submerged fermentation. The antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of actinomycetes was tested against different bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. Characterization of the isolates was done by morphological, physiological and biochemical methods. Results: A total of 9 (47%) isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from 19 different soil samples tested. Among them, 4 (44%) isolates confirmed as Streptomyces sp. showed potential antimicrobial activity against one or more test organisms. Crude extracts were made from these 4 actinomycetes isolates(DOM1, DOM3, DP3, DP4)and tested for their antibacterial activities against 4 different clinical bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus). Crude extract from DP3 isolate showed highest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (28 mm, 21 mm, 20 mm and 18 mm) respectively and DP4 showed lowest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (14 mm, 12 mm, 0 mm, 6 mm) respectively. The highest zone of inhibition was shown by DP3 against Staphylococcus aureus (28 mm) and Escherichia coli was resistant for DP4. Most of the Inhibition zones produced by crude extracts showed significant differences when compared with control, tested against test organisms (P<0.05). Inhibition zones produced by DP3 and DOM1 against Staphylococcus aureus were 28 mm and 23 mm, respectively which were strong active when compared with control Ciprofloxacin (18 mm). Conclusion: Further studies for purification of bioactive metabolites and molecular characterization analysis of isolated Streptomyces sp. are in progress which would be helpful in discovering novel compounds of commercial value.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38801625" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77f9c69d4ee325da55fd30321ae243c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58892831,"asset_id":38801625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58892831/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43150644" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7">قوس باشا</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43150644" type="text/json">{"id":43150644,"first_name":"قوس","last_name":"باشا","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"قوسباشا","display_name":"قوس باشا","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43150644/15483200/16094758/s65__._.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38801625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38801625"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38801625, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38801625", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38801625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38801625; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38801625"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38801625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38801625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38801625; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38801625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38801625").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38801625").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38801625"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113904" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Actinomycetes">Actinomycetes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="113904" type="text/json">{"id":113904,"name":"Actinomycetes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Actinomycetes?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38801625]'), work: {"id":38801625,"title":"ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTINOMYCETES FROM SOIL OF AD-DAWADMI, SAUDI ARABIA AND SCREENING THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES GOUSE BASHA SHEIK 1* , MUAZZAM SHERIFF MAQBUL","created_at":"2019-04-13T23:29:30.788-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38801625/ISOLATION_AND_CHARACTERIZATION_OF_ACTINOMYCETES_FROM_SOIL_OF_AD_DAWADMI_SAUDI_ARABIA_AND_SCREENING_THEIR_ANTIBACTERIAL_ACTIVITIES_GOUSE_BASHA_SHEIK_1_MUAZZAM_SHERIFF_MAQBUL?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_38801625","summary":"Objective: To isolate and characterize novel actinomycetes and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria Methods: In the present study, 19 soil samples were collected from different localities of Ad-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia. Actinomycetes were isolated from these samples using serial dilution and plating method on Actinomycetes isolation agar supplemented with nalidixic acid and actidione to inhibit bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts of potential actinomycetes were produced by submerged fermentation. The antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of actinomycetes was tested against different bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. Characterization of the isolates was done by morphological, physiological and biochemical methods. Results: A total of 9 (47%) isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from 19 different soil samples tested. Among them, 4 (44%) isolates confirmed as Streptomyces sp. showed potential antimicrobial activity against one or more test organisms. Crude extracts were made from these 4 actinomycetes isolates(DOM1, DOM3, DP3, DP4)and tested for their antibacterial activities against 4 different clinical bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus). Crude extract from DP3 isolate showed highest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (28 mm, 21 mm, 20 mm and 18 mm) respectively and DP4 showed lowest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (14 mm, 12 mm, 0 mm, 6 mm) respectively. The highest zone of inhibition was shown by DP3 against Staphylococcus aureus (28 mm) and Escherichia coli was resistant for DP4. Most of the Inhibition zones produced by crude extracts showed significant differences when compared with control, tested against test organisms (P\u003c0.05). Inhibition zones produced by DP3 and DOM1 against Staphylococcus aureus were 28 mm and 23 mm, respectively which were strong active when compared with control Ciprofloxacin (18 mm). Conclusion: Further studies for purification of bioactive metabolites and molecular characterization analysis of isolated Streptomyces sp. are in progress which would be helpful in discovering novel compounds of commercial value.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58892831,"asset_id":38801625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43150644,"first_name":"قوس","last_name":"باشا","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"قوسباشا","display_name":"قوس باشا","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43150644/15483200/16094758/s65__._.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":113904,"name":"Actinomycetes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Actinomycetes?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31627202" data-work_id="31627202" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31627202/HONEY_AND_ALOE_VERA_pdf">HONEY AND ALOE VERA.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of honey and Aloe vera extract on Aspirin-induced liver damage in albino rats. Methods: A total of twenty four adult male albino rats weighing between 100 and 150g were divided into... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31627202" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of honey and Aloe vera extract on Aspirin-induced liver damage in albino rats.<br />Methods: A total of twenty four adult male albino rats weighing between 100 and 150g were divided into six groups. (A, B, C, D, E and F) of four rats each in a group, Rats in Group A served as control and were given water and feeds only. Rats in Group B were given 100mg/kg of aspirin only, 100mg/kg of aspirin was administered to rats in Group C and 1.0ml of Aloe vera was administered to rats in Group D, rats in Group E were administered Aloe vera extract only while rats in Group F were administered with 100mg/kg of aspirin, 1.0ml of Aloe vera and 1.0ml of honey. The administration was done orally. Results: The results showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in the PCV and haemoglobin level of test groups compared with the control. Groups treated with aspirin had the highest WBC count of 5.83× 103 (±0.03) while the control group had the lowest WBC count of 2.7× 103 (±0.03). Histopathological findings indicate severe dilation of blood vessel, necrosis of vascular connective<br />tissues, wide spread vacuolar degeneration, edema and bile duct hyperplasia. The study revealed that honey and Aloe vera extract had hepato protective and hepato curative effects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31627202" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40f82bb3b52ebae300a5b8ea901577f5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51951736,"asset_id":31627202,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51951736/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="60707139" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ASebiomo">Adewole Sebiomo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="60707139" type="text/json">{"id":60707139,"first_name":"Adewole","last_name":"Sebiomo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ASebiomo","display_name":"Adewole Sebiomo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ASebiomo?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60707139/19445060/19364009/s65_adewole.sebiomo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31627202 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31627202"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31627202, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31627202", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31627202 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31627202; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31627202"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31627202 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31627202"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31627202; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31627202]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31627202").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31627202").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31627202"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31627202]'), work: {"id":31627202,"title":"HONEY AND ALOE VERA.pdf","created_at":"2017-02-27T03:15:41.018-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31627202/HONEY_AND_ALOE_VERA_pdf?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_31627202","summary":"Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of honey and Aloe vera extract on Aspirin-induced liver damage in albino rats.\nMethods: A total of twenty four adult male albino rats weighing between 100 and 150g were divided into six groups. (A, B, C, D, E and F) of four rats each in a group, Rats in Group A served as control and were given water and feeds only. Rats in Group B were given 100mg/kg of aspirin only, 100mg/kg of aspirin was administered to rats in Group C and 1.0ml of Aloe vera was administered to rats in Group D, rats in Group E were administered Aloe vera extract only while rats in Group F were administered with 100mg/kg of aspirin, 1.0ml of Aloe vera and 1.0ml of honey. The administration was done orally. Results: The results showed significant decrease (P\u003c0.05) in the PCV and haemoglobin level of test groups compared with the control. Groups treated with aspirin had the highest WBC count of 5.83× 103 (±0.03) while the control group had the lowest WBC count of 2.7× 103 (±0.03). Histopathological findings indicate severe dilation of blood vessel, necrosis of vascular connective\ntissues, wide spread vacuolar degeneration, edema and bile duct hyperplasia. The study revealed that honey and Aloe vera extract had hepato protective and hepato curative effects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51951736,"asset_id":31627202,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":60707139,"first_name":"Adewole","last_name":"Sebiomo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ASebiomo","display_name":"Adewole Sebiomo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ASebiomo?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/60707139/19445060/19364009/s65_adewole.sebiomo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1435436" data-work_id="1435436" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1435436/Accuracy_precision_and_method_detection_limits_of_quantitative_PCR_for_airborne_bacteria_and_fungi">Accuracy, precision, and method detection limits of quantitative PCR for airborne bacteria and fungi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for rapid and specific enumeration of microbial agents is finding increased use in aerosol science. The goal of this study was to determine qPCR accuracy, precision, and method detection limits (MDLs)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1435436" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for rapid and specific enumeration of microbial agents is finding increased use in aerosol science. The goal of this study was to determine qPCR accuracy, precision, and method detection limits (MDLs) within the context of indoor and ambient aerosol samples. Escherichia coli and Bacillus atrophaeus vegetative bacterial cells and Aspergillus fumigatus fungal spores loaded onto aerosol filters were considered. Efficiencies associated with recovery of DNA from aerosol filters were low, and excluding these efficiencies in quantitative analysis led to underestimating the true aerosol concentration by 10 to 24 times. Precision near detection limits ranged from a 28% to 79% coefficient of variation (COV) for the three test organisms, and the majority of this variation was due to instrument repeatability. Depending on the organism and sampling filter material, precision results suggest that qPCR is useful for determining dissimilarity between two samples only if the true differences are greater than 1.3 to 3.2 times (95% confidence level at n = 7 replicates). For MDLs, qPCR was able to produce a positive response with 99% confidence from the DNA of five B. atrophaeus cells and less than one A. fumigatus spore. Overall MDL values that included sample processing efficiencies ranged from 2,000 to 3,000 B. atrophaeus cells per filter and 10 to 25 A. fumigatus spores per filter. Applying the concepts of accuracy, precision, and MDL to qPCR aerosol measurements demonstrates that sample processing efficiencies must be accounted for in order to accurately estimate bioaerosol exposure, provides guidance on the necessary statistical rigor required to understand significant differences among separate aerosol samples, and prevents undetected (i.e., nonquantifiable) values for true aerosol concentrations that may be significant.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1435436" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="73103bcae65b934044caab507ff005a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":10678611,"asset_id":1435436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/10678611/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56389" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/DeninaHospodsky">Denina Hospodsky</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56389" type="text/json">{"id":56389,"first_name":"Denina","last_name":"Hospodsky","domain_name":"cornell","page_name":"DeninaHospodsky","display_name":"Denina Hospodsky","profile_url":"https://cornell.academia.edu/DeninaHospodsky?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56389/453412/566074/s65_denina.hospodsky.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1435436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1435436"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1435436, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1435436", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1435436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1435436; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1435436"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1435436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1435436"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1435436; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1435436]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1435436").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1435436").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1435436"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17272" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi">Fungi</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17272" type="text/json">{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="83128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli">Escherichia coli</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="83128" type="text/json">{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="107664" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="107664" type="text/json">{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1435436]'), work: {"id":1435436,"title":"Accuracy, precision, and method detection limits of quantitative PCR for airborne bacteria and fungi","created_at":"2012-02-26T03:52:33.994-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1435436/Accuracy_precision_and_method_detection_limits_of_quantitative_PCR_for_airborne_bacteria_and_fungi?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_1435436","summary":"Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for rapid and specific enumeration of microbial agents is finding increased use in aerosol science. The goal of this study was to determine qPCR accuracy, precision, and method detection limits (MDLs) within the context of indoor and ambient aerosol samples. Escherichia coli and Bacillus atrophaeus vegetative bacterial cells and Aspergillus fumigatus fungal spores loaded onto aerosol filters were considered. Efficiencies associated with recovery of DNA from aerosol filters were low, and excluding these efficiencies in quantitative analysis led to underestimating the true aerosol concentration by 10 to 24 times. Precision near detection limits ranged from a 28% to 79% coefficient of variation (COV) for the three test organisms, and the majority of this variation was due to instrument repeatability. Depending on the organism and sampling filter material, precision results suggest that qPCR is useful for determining dissimilarity between two samples only if the true differences are greater than 1.3 to 3.2 times (95% confidence level at n = 7 replicates). For MDLs, qPCR was able to produce a positive response with 99% confidence from the DNA of five B. atrophaeus cells and less than one A. fumigatus spore. Overall MDL values that included sample processing efficiencies ranged from 2,000 to 3,000 B. atrophaeus cells per filter and 10 to 25 A. fumigatus spores per filter. Applying the concepts of accuracy, precision, and MDL to qPCR aerosol measurements demonstrates that sample processing efficiencies must be accounted for in order to accurately estimate bioaerosol exposure, provides guidance on the necessary statistical rigor required to understand significant differences among separate aerosol samples, and prevents undetected (i.e., nonquantifiable) values for true aerosol concentrations that may be significant.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":10678611,"asset_id":1435436,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56389,"first_name":"Denina","last_name":"Hospodsky","domain_name":"cornell","page_name":"DeninaHospodsky","display_name":"Denina Hospodsky","profile_url":"https://cornell.academia.edu/DeninaHospodsky?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56389/453412/566074/s65_denina.hospodsky.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17272,"name":"Fungi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fungi?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":83128,"name":"Escherichia coli","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Escherichia_coli?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":112332,"name":"Bacillus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacillus?f_ri=208294"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=208294"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":215633,"name":"Aspergillus fumigatus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspergillus_fumigatus-1?f_ri=208294"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results?f_ri=208294"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23572229" data-work_id="23572229" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23572229/Characteristics_of_hormogonia_formation_by_symbiotic_Nostoc_spp_in_response_to_the_presence_of_Anthoceros_punctatus_or_its_extracellular_products">Characteristics of hormogonia formation by symbiotic Nostoc spp. in response to the presence of Anthoceros punctatus or its extracellular products</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23572229" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3103f5bcff1d74cc821e6eb89d216786" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43995950,"asset_id":23572229,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43995950/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45606569" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnMeeks3">John Meeks</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45606569" type="text/json">{"id":45606569,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Meeks","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohnMeeks3","display_name":"John Meeks","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnMeeks3?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23572229 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23572229"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23572229, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23572229", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23572229 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23572229; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23572229"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23572229 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23572229"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23572229; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23572229]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23572229").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23572229").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23572229"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60436" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation">Cell Differentiation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="60436" type="text/json">{"id":60436,"name":"Cell Differentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23572229]'), work: {"id":23572229,"title":"Characteristics of hormogonia formation by symbiotic Nostoc spp. in response to the presence of Anthoceros punctatus or its extracellular products","created_at":"2016-03-22T09:26:42.928-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23572229/Characteristics_of_hormogonia_formation_by_symbiotic_Nostoc_spp_in_response_to_the_presence_of_Anthoceros_punctatus_or_its_extracellular_products?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_23572229","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43995950,"asset_id":23572229,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45606569,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Meeks","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohnMeeks3","display_name":"John Meeks","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnMeeks3?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":60436,"name":"Cell Differentiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Differentiation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":326964,"name":"Simbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simbiosis?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8771468" data-work_id="8771468" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8771468/Proximate_Composition_Biochemical_and_Microbiological_Changes_Associated_with_Fermenting_African_Oil_Bean_Pentaclethra_macrophylla_Benth_Seeds"> Proximate Composition, Biochemical and Microbiological Changes Associated with Fermenting African Oil Bean ( Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth) Seeds</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The proximate composition, biochemical changes and microbiology of fermenting Pentaclethra macrophylla (Ugba) seeds were evaluated. Studies were carried out to screen for microorganisms associated with the natural fermentation of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8771468" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The proximate composition, biochemical changes and microbiology of fermenting<br />Pentaclethra<br /> <br />macrophylla<br /> (Ugba) seeds were evaluated. Studies were carried out to screen for microorganisms associated with the natural fermentation of the oil bean seeds. Bacterial isolates obtained include species of<br /> Bacillus<br />,<br />Streptococcus<br />,<br />Salmonella<br />,<br /> Micrococcus<br />,<br /> Lactobacillus<br /> and<br />Proteus<br />. Fungal isolates include Yeast, species of<br />Penicillium<br />,<br /> Aspergillus<br />,<br />Fusarium<br /> and<br /> Rhizopus<br />. Total aerobic counts (TAC) ranged from 1.5 x 10<br />6<br /> to 2.5 x 10<br />6<br />cfu/g, while total coliform counts (TCC) ranged from 1.7 x 10<br />3<br /> to 7.2 x 10<br />3<br />cfu/g. More so, total lactic acid bacterial counts ranged from 2.6 x 10<br />5<br /> to 4.6 x 10<br />5<br />cfu/g. Among the various bacterial isolates obtained from the fermenting Ugba,<br /> Bacillus<br /> and lactic acid bacteria were dominant from the beginning to the end of the fermentation the oil bean seeds. The proximate composition of the fermenting seeds showed the presence of protein, fats, fibre, carbohydrates, and ash. Temperature variations in oil bean seed fermentation showed higher temperatures in the purchased Ugba compared to the laboratory Ugba after 72 hours fermentation. There were significant reduction in pH and titratable acidity as the fermentation time progressed, showing that temperature, pH and titratable acidity of fermenting African oil bean seeds were affected by the metabolic activities of resident microorganisms.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8771468" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7c18f61a4213265a9aad32492361d8af" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35123914,"asset_id":8771468,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35123914/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17810145" href="https://mouau.academia.edu/VincentEze">Vincent Eze</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17810145" type="text/json">{"id":17810145,"first_name":"Vincent","last_name":"Eze","domain_name":"mouau","page_name":"VincentEze","display_name":"Vincent Eze","profile_url":"https://mouau.academia.edu/VincentEze?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17810145/137714719/127177997/s65_vincent.eze.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8771468 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8771468"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8771468, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8771468", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8771468 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8771468; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8771468"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8771468 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8771468"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8771468; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8771468]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8771468").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8771468").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8771468"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6333" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation">Bioremediation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6333" type="text/json">{"id":6333,"name":"Bioremediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49088" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49088" type="text/json">{"id":49088,"name":"Biodegradation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodegradation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8771468]'), work: {"id":8771468,"title":" Proximate Composition, Biochemical and Microbiological Changes Associated with Fermenting African Oil Bean ( Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth) Seeds","created_at":"2014-10-14T03:26:36.846-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8771468/Proximate_Composition_Biochemical_and_Microbiological_Changes_Associated_with_Fermenting_African_Oil_Bean_Pentaclethra_macrophylla_Benth_Seeds?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_8771468","summary":"The proximate composition, biochemical changes and microbiology of fermenting\nPentaclethra\n \nmacrophylla\n (Ugba) seeds were evaluated. Studies were carried out to screen for microorganisms associated with the natural fermentation of the oil bean seeds. Bacterial isolates obtained include species of\n Bacillus\n,\nStreptococcus\n,\nSalmonella\n,\n Micrococcus\n,\n Lactobacillus\n and\nProteus\n. Fungal isolates include Yeast, species of\nPenicillium\n,\n Aspergillus\n,\nFusarium\n and\n Rhizopus\n. Total aerobic counts (TAC) ranged from 1.5 x 10\n6\n to 2.5 x 10\n6\ncfu/g, while total coliform counts (TCC) ranged from 1.7 x 10\n3\n to 7.2 x 10\n3\ncfu/g. More so, total lactic acid bacterial counts ranged from 2.6 x 10\n5\n to 4.6 x 10\n5\ncfu/g. Among the various bacterial isolates obtained from the fermenting Ugba,\n Bacillus\n and lactic acid bacteria were dominant from the beginning to the end of the fermentation the oil bean seeds. The proximate composition of the fermenting seeds showed the presence of protein, fats, fibre, carbohydrates, and ash. Temperature variations in oil bean seed fermentation showed higher temperatures in the purchased Ugba compared to the laboratory Ugba after 72 hours fermentation. There were significant reduction in pH and titratable acidity as the fermentation time progressed, showing that temperature, pH and titratable acidity of fermenting African oil bean seeds were affected by the metabolic activities of resident microorganisms. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35123914,"asset_id":8771468,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17810145,"first_name":"Vincent","last_name":"Eze","domain_name":"mouau","page_name":"VincentEze","display_name":"Vincent Eze","profile_url":"https://mouau.academia.edu/VincentEze?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17810145/137714719/127177997/s65_vincent.eze.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6333,"name":"Bioremediation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioremediation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":49088,"name":"Biodegradation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodegradation?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38402694 coauthored" data-work_id="38402694" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38402694/Effect_of_Lemongrass_Cymbopogon_citratus_Essential_Oil_on_Biofilm_Biocorrosion_in_Formation_Water_Environment_pdf">Effect of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil on Biofilm-Biocorrosion in Formation Water Environment.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38402694" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4df8d7be04bf84548d9fc97cea453270" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58460305,"asset_id":38402694,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58460305/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="58489457" href="https://itb-ac.academia.edu/wuddanira">Wuddan Nadhirah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="58489457" type="text/json">{"id":58489457,"first_name":"Wuddan","last_name":"Nadhirah","domain_name":"itb-ac","page_name":"wuddanira","display_name":"Wuddan Nadhirah","profile_url":"https://itb-ac.academia.edu/wuddanira?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58489457/15327663/30356707/s65_wuddan.nadhirah.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38402694">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38402694"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://rug.academia.edu/IntanTaufik">Intan Taufik</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38402694'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38402694').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38402694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38402694"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38402694, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38402694", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38402694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38402694; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38402694"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38402694 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38402694"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38402694; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38402694]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38402694").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38402694").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38402694"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2187" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilms">Biofilms</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2187" type="text/json">{"id":2187,"name":"Biofilms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilms?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20777" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocorrosion">Biocorrosion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="20777" type="text/json">{"id":20777,"name":"Biocorrosion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocorrosion?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38402694]'), work: {"id":38402694,"title":"Effect of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil on Biofilm-Biocorrosion in Formation Water Environment.pdf","created_at":"2019-02-20T22:13:27.382-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38402694/Effect_of_Lemongrass_Cymbopogon_citratus_Essential_Oil_on_Biofilm_Biocorrosion_in_Formation_Water_Environment_pdf?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_38402694","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58460305,"asset_id":38402694,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58489457,"first_name":"Wuddan","last_name":"Nadhirah","domain_name":"itb-ac","page_name":"wuddanira","display_name":"Wuddan Nadhirah","profile_url":"https://itb-ac.academia.edu/wuddanira?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/58489457/15327663/30356707/s65_wuddan.nadhirah.jpg"},{"id":663323,"first_name":"Intan","last_name":"Taufik","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"IntanTaufik","display_name":"Intan Taufik","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/IntanTaufik?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/663323/114942412/104225081/s65_intan.taufik.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":2187,"name":"Biofilms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biofilms?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":20777,"name":"Biocorrosion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocorrosion?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":265739,"name":"Bacterial Biofilms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Biofilms?f_ri=208294"},{"id":704604,"name":"Biocorrosion of metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biocorrosion_of_metals?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38067095 coauthored" data-work_id="38067095" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38067095/Production_Purification_and_Characterization_of_Alfa_amylase_produced_by_Bacteria_from_Pharaonic_Lake">Production, Purification and Characterization of Alfa-amylase produced by Bacteria from Pharaonic Lake</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the present study thirty bacteria isolates collected from Pharaonic lake, Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt. Out of which 12 isolates that were α-amylase producer. Isolate No. 1 was selected as the best enzyme producer, identified as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38067095" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the present study thirty bacteria isolates collected from Pharaonic lake, Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt. Out of which 12 isolates that were α-amylase producer. Isolate No. 1 was selected as the best enzyme producer, identified as Alloiococcus otitis and was used for further studies. Attempts were made to optimize the cultural condition for getting high yields of enzyme. The optimum level of pH for enzyme production was 8.0 on Bennett medium after 8 hours. Among carbon sources, maltose supported maximum production of α-amylase followed by lactose, sucrose, starch and manitol. Urea was the best nitrogen source for enzyme production, followed by L-asparagine. The purified fraction detected by the appearance of a single band corresponding to 38 k Da in SDS-PAGE, and the enzyme was purified 67.0-fold with amylase units 225 ml and specific activity of 234.4 U/mg. The pure enzyme was stable at all degrees of temperatures (20-70ºC). The maximum activity was at pH of 9.0. Starch was the best substrate. CaCl2, MgCl2 and KCl were the best activators. There is a continuous decreasing in the activity due to the increase of SDS and H2O2 concentrations. Enzyme was stable in presence of butanol, n-hexane and toluene.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38067095" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0448b8b4efd37c60f80be0dff3975467" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58092094,"asset_id":38067095,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58092094/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10231041" href="https://benha.academia.edu/Drhazaa">Dr hazaa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10231041" type="text/json">{"id":10231041,"first_name":"Dr","last_name":"hazaa","domain_name":"benha","page_name":"Drhazaa","display_name":"Dr hazaa","profile_url":"https://benha.academia.edu/Drhazaa?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10231041/7918783/8871615/s65_dr.hazaa.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38067095">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38067095"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://niof.academia.edu/shawkysabae">shawky sabae</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38067095'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38067095').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38067095 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38067095"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38067095, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38067095", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_38067095 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38067095; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_38067095"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_38067095 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38067095"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38067095; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38067095]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38067095").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38067095").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38067095"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38067095]'), work: {"id":38067095,"title":"Production, Purification and Characterization of Alfa-amylase produced by Bacteria from Pharaonic Lake","created_at":"2018-12-31T17:14:29.806-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38067095/Production_Purification_and_Characterization_of_Alfa_amylase_produced_by_Bacteria_from_Pharaonic_Lake?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_38067095","summary":"In the present study thirty bacteria isolates collected from Pharaonic lake, Menoufiya Governorate, Egypt. Out of which 12 isolates that were α-amylase producer. Isolate No. 1 was selected as the best enzyme producer, identified as Alloiococcus otitis and was used for further studies. Attempts were made to optimize the cultural condition for getting high yields of enzyme. The optimum level of pH for enzyme production was 8.0 on Bennett medium after 8 hours. Among carbon sources, maltose supported maximum production of α-amylase followed by lactose, sucrose, starch and manitol. Urea was the best nitrogen source for enzyme production, followed by L-asparagine. The purified fraction detected by the appearance of a single band corresponding to 38 k Da in SDS-PAGE, and the enzyme was purified 67.0-fold with amylase units 225 ml and specific activity of 234.4 U/mg. The pure enzyme was stable at all degrees of temperatures (20-70ºC). The maximum activity was at pH of 9.0. Starch was the best substrate. CaCl2, MgCl2 and KCl were the best activators. There is a continuous decreasing in the activity due to the increase of SDS and H2O2 concentrations. Enzyme was stable in presence of butanol, n-hexane and toluene.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58092094,"asset_id":38067095,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10231041,"first_name":"Dr","last_name":"hazaa","domain_name":"benha","page_name":"Drhazaa","display_name":"Dr hazaa","profile_url":"https://benha.academia.edu/Drhazaa?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10231041/7918783/8871615/s65_dr.hazaa.jpg"},{"id":110697568,"first_name":"shawky","last_name":"sabae","domain_name":"niof","page_name":"shawkysabae","display_name":"shawky sabae","profile_url":"https://niof.academia.edu/shawkysabae?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/110697568/113882750/103157688/s65_shawky.sabae.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28945344" data-work_id="28945344" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28945344/Rapid_in_situ_assay_for_indoleacetic_Acid_production_by_bacteria_immobilized_on_a_nitrocellulose_membrane">Rapid in situ assay for indoleacetic Acid production by bacteria immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We have developed a new assay that differentiates between indoleacetic acid (IAA)-producing and -nonproducing bacteria on a colony plate lift. Medium supplemented with 5 mM L-tryptophan is inoculated with isolates of interest, overlaid... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28945344" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We have developed a new assay that differentiates between indoleacetic acid (IAA)-producing and -nonproducing bacteria on a colony plate lift. Medium supplemented with 5 mM L-tryptophan is inoculated with isolates of interest, overlaid with a nitrocellulose membrane, and then incubated until bacterial colonies reach 1 to 2 mm in diameter. The membrane is removed to a filter paper saturated with Salkowski reagent and incubated until distinct red haloes form around the colonies. The colorimetric reaction to IAA is limited to a region immediately surrounding each colony, is specific to isolates producing IAA, occurs within 1 h after the membrane is placed in the reagent, and is sensitive to as little as 50 pmol of IAA in a 2-mm spot. We have used this assay for quantifying epiphytic and endophytic populations of IAA-producing isolates of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi and for detecting IAA-producing colonies of other pseudomonads and Erwinia herbicola. The assay provides a rapi...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28945344" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2abaf220d83ab498191273c600c7cf43" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49383050,"asset_id":28945344,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49383050/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54548090" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SSilverstone">S. Silverstone</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54548090" type="text/json">{"id":54548090,"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Silverstone","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SSilverstone","display_name":"S. Silverstone","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SSilverstone?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28945344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28945344"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28945344, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28945344", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28945344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28945344; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28945344"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28945344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28945344"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28945344; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28945344]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28945344").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28945344").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28945344"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="146" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="146" type="text/json">{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8014" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences">Life Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8014" type="text/json">{"id":8014,"name":"Life Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66744" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Research">Biomedical Research</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="66744" type="text/json">{"id":66744,"name":"Biomedical Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Research?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28945344]'), work: {"id":28945344,"title":"Rapid in situ assay for indoleacetic Acid production by bacteria immobilized on a nitrocellulose membrane","created_at":"2016-10-05T13:54:13.520-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28945344/Rapid_in_situ_assay_for_indoleacetic_Acid_production_by_bacteria_immobilized_on_a_nitrocellulose_membrane?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_28945344","summary":"We have developed a new assay that differentiates between indoleacetic acid (IAA)-producing and -nonproducing bacteria on a colony plate lift. Medium supplemented with 5 mM L-tryptophan is inoculated with isolates of interest, overlaid with a nitrocellulose membrane, and then incubated until bacterial colonies reach 1 to 2 mm in diameter. The membrane is removed to a filter paper saturated with Salkowski reagent and incubated until distinct red haloes form around the colonies. The colorimetric reaction to IAA is limited to a region immediately surrounding each colony, is specific to isolates producing IAA, occurs within 1 h after the membrane is placed in the reagent, and is sensitive to as little as 50 pmol of IAA in a 2-mm spot. We have used this assay for quantifying epiphytic and endophytic populations of IAA-producing isolates of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi and for detecting IAA-producing colonies of other pseudomonads and Erwinia herbicola. The assay provides a rapi...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49383050,"asset_id":28945344,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54548090,"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Silverstone","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SSilverstone","display_name":"S. Silverstone","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SSilverstone?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":146,"name":"Bioinformatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioinformatics?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":8014,"name":"Life Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Sciences?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":66744,"name":"Biomedical Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Research?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28256084" data-work_id="28256084" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28256084/Correlations_between_Morphological_Molecular_Biological_and_Physiological_Characteristics_in_Clinical_and_Nonclinical_Isolates_of_Acanthamoeba_spp">Correlations between Morphological, Molecular Biological, and Physiological Characteristics in Clinical and Nonclinical Isolates of Acanthamoeba spp</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28256084" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2750b2061168f7e769fa9699755c7c18" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48578792,"asset_id":28256084,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48578792/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34765295" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuliaWalochnik">Julia Walochnik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34765295" type="text/json">{"id":34765295,"first_name":"Julia","last_name":"Walochnik","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JuliaWalochnik","display_name":"Julia Walochnik","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JuliaWalochnik?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28256084 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28256084"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28256084, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28256084", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28256084 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28256084; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28256084"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28256084 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28256084"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28256084; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28256084]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28256084").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28256084").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28256084"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology">Morphology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10866" type="text/json">{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28256084]'), work: {"id":28256084,"title":"Correlations between Morphological, Molecular Biological, and Physiological Characteristics in Clinical and Nonclinical Isolates of Acanthamoeba spp","created_at":"2016-09-05T00:04:18.474-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28256084/Correlations_between_Morphological_Molecular_Biological_and_Physiological_Characteristics_in_Clinical_and_Nonclinical_Isolates_of_Acanthamoeba_spp?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_28256084","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48578792,"asset_id":28256084,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34765295,"first_name":"Julia","last_name":"Walochnik","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JuliaWalochnik","display_name":"Julia Walochnik","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JuliaWalochnik?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":51809,"name":"Contact Lenses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Lenses?f_ri=208294"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=208294"},{"id":61474,"name":"Brain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brain?f_ri=208294"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=208294"},{"id":81504,"name":"Correlation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Correlation?f_ri=208294"},{"id":84760,"name":"Mice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mice?f_ri=208294"},{"id":92344,"name":"Contact Lens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Lens?f_ri=208294"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=208294"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":131237,"name":"Cluster Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=208294"},{"id":909335,"name":"Acanthamoeba","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acanthamoeba?f_ri=208294"},{"id":957793,"name":"Pathogenicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pathogenicity?f_ri=208294"},{"id":973347,"name":"Ribosomal DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ribosomal_DNA?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1155409,"name":"Genetic distance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_distance?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1537866,"name":"Nasal Mucosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nasal_Mucosa?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2159846,"name":"Acanthamoeba keratitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acanthamoeba_keratitis?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7329042" data-work_id="7329042" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7329042/Purification_and_characterization_of_keratinase_from_a_new_Bacillus_subtilis_strain">Purification and characterization of keratinase from a new Bacillus subtilis strain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The aim of this study was to purify and characterize a keratinase produced by a new isolated Bacillus subtilis KD-N2 strain. The keratinase produced by the isolate was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 and DEAE... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7329042" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The aim of this study was to purify and characterize a keratinase produced by a new isolated Bacillus subtilis KD-N2 strain. The keratinase produced by the isolate was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 and DEAE (diethylaminoethyl)-Sepharose chromatographic techniques. The purified enzyme was shown to have a molecular mass of 30.5 kDa, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The optimum pH at 50 °C was 8.5 and the optimum temperature at pH 8.5 was 55 °C. The keratinase was partially inactivated by some metal ions, organic solvents and serine protease inhibitor phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) had positive effect on the keratinase activity. Reducing agents including dithiothreitol (DTT), mercaptoethanol, L-cysteine, sodium sulphite, as well as chemicals of SDS, ammonium sulfamate and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) stimulated the enzyme activity upon a feather meal substrate. Besides feather keratin, the enzyme is active upon the soluble proteins ovalbumin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), casein and insoluble ones as sheep wool and human hair. Calf hair, silk and collagen could not be hydrolyzed by the keratinase.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7329042" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bfb3dca8c1452858eb0ebe35cbbabf2f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48528483,"asset_id":7329042,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48528483/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12877974" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YunYin1">Yun Yin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12877974" type="text/json">{"id":12877974,"first_name":"Yun","last_name":"Yin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YunYin1","display_name":"Yun Yin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YunYin1?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7329042 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7329042"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7329042, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7329042", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7329042 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7329042; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7329042"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7329042 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7329042"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7329042; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7329042]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7329042").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7329042").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7329042"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">38</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics">Kinetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4987" type="text/json">{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5398" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5398" type="text/json">{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7329042]'), work: {"id":7329042,"title":"Purification and characterization of keratinase from a new Bacillus subtilis strain","created_at":"2014-06-12T10:33:46.971-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7329042/Purification_and_characterization_of_keratinase_from_a_new_Bacillus_subtilis_strain?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_7329042","summary":"The aim of this study was to purify and characterize a keratinase produced by a new isolated Bacillus subtilis KD-N2 strain. The keratinase produced by the isolate was purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 and DEAE (diethylaminoethyl)-Sepharose chromatographic techniques. The purified enzyme was shown to have a molecular mass of 30.5 kDa, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The optimum pH at 50 °C was 8.5 and the optimum temperature at pH 8.5 was 55 °C. The keratinase was partially inactivated by some metal ions, organic solvents and serine protease inhibitor phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) had positive effect on the keratinase activity. Reducing agents including dithiothreitol (DTT), mercaptoethanol, L-cysteine, sodium sulphite, as well as chemicals of SDS, ammonium sulfamate and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) stimulated the enzyme activity upon a feather meal substrate. Besides feather keratin, the enzyme is active upon the soluble proteins ovalbumin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), casein and insoluble ones as sheep wool and human hair. Calf hair, silk and collagen could not be hydrolyzed by the keratinase.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48528483,"asset_id":7329042,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12877974,"first_name":"Yun","last_name":"Yin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"YunYin1","display_name":"Yun Yin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/YunYin1?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":5398,"name":"Biotechnology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":12981,"name":"Enzyme Inhibitors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_Inhibitors?f_ri=208294"},{"id":12982,"name":"Metalloprotease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metalloprotease?f_ri=208294"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=208294"},{"id":57697,"name":"Heavy metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_metals?f_ri=208294"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=208294"},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=208294"},{"id":190363,"name":"Plasmids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmids?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":231661,"name":"Enzyme","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme?f_ri=208294"},{"id":238151,"name":"Glycosylation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glycosylation?f_ri=208294"},{"id":255899,"name":"Poultry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poultry?f_ri=208294"},{"id":295728,"name":"Molecular cloning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_cloning?f_ri=208294"},{"id":295729,"name":"Protein expression and purification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protein_expression_and_purification?f_ri=208294"},{"id":386872,"name":"Bacillus subtilis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacillus_subtilis?f_ri=208294"},{"id":399886,"name":"Specific Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Specific_Activity?f_ri=208294"},{"id":430462,"name":"Feathers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feathers?f_ri=208294"},{"id":432129,"name":"Substrate Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substrate_Specificity?f_ri=208294"},{"id":483714,"name":"Bacillus megaterium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacillus_megaterium?f_ri=208294"},{"id":583568,"name":"Enzyme activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enzyme_activity?f_ri=208294"},{"id":585595,"name":"Molecular Mass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Mass?f_ri=208294"},{"id":695018,"name":"Molecular weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_weight?f_ri=208294"},{"id":784076,"name":"Species Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Species_Specificity?f_ri=208294"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=208294"},{"id":881608,"name":"Bovine Serum Albumin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bovine_Serum_Albumin?f_ri=208294"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=208294"},{"id":975992,"name":"Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyacrylamide_Gel_Electrophoresis?f_ri=208294"},{"id":990417,"name":"Recombinant Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recombinant_Proteins?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1013858,"name":"Cations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cations?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1030794,"name":"Hydrolysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrolysis?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1137254,"name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogen-Ion_Concentration?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1745595,"name":"Solvents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solvents?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2026170,"name":"Metalloproteases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metalloproteases?f_ri=208294"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27309208 coauthored" data-work_id="27309208" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27309208/Comparing_Throughfall_and_Litterfall_Nutrient_Fluxes_in_a_Rubber_Hevea_brasiliensis_willd_muell_arg_Plantation_Agro_ecosystem_at_Ikenne_South_west_Nigeria">Comparing Throughfall and Litterfall Nutrient Fluxes in a Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis willd. muell-arg) Plantation Agro-ecosystem at Ikenne, South-west Nigeria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study compares nutrient fluxes (throughfall and litterfall) in a rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Willd. Muell-Arg) plantation agro-ecosystem at Ikenne, SW Nigeria. Throughfall samples were collected bi-weekly under the rubber canopies... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27309208" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study compares nutrient fluxes (throughfall and litterfall) in a rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Willd. Muell-Arg) plantation agro-ecosystem at Ikenne, SW Nigeria. Throughfall samples were collected bi-weekly under the rubber canopies (40-, 15-, and 5-year-old) using throughfall funnel collectors with 10 replicates. Litterfall was collected on a monthly basis in the three rubber stands using twenty-four 0.25 m 2 litter traps (eight replicates in each of the three rubber stands) positioned randomly to estimate total annual litter production (dry biomass) and its main fractions. Throughfall and litterfall samples were analyzed for total nitrogen, sodium, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium. The annual means of throughfall in the different stands were compared by solution type using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a post-hoc separation of means by the Scheffe-test (p &lt;0.05). The litterfall data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance based on the ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27309208" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a5127947ebd5055ce8da811e52e56957" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47565562,"asset_id":27309208,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47565562/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51434653" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AdeniyiGbadegesin">Adeniyi Gbadegesin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51434653" type="text/json">{"id":51434653,"first_name":"Adeniyi","last_name":"Gbadegesin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AdeniyiGbadegesin","display_name":"Adeniyi Gbadegesin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AdeniyiGbadegesin?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-27309208">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-27309208"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/OludareAdedeji">Oludare Adedeji</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-27309208'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-27309208').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27309208 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27309208"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27309208, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27309208", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_27309208 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27309208; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_27309208"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_27309208 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="27309208"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 27309208; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27309208]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27309208").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27309208").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27309208"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35805" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrient_Cycling">Nutrient Cycling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35805" type="text/json">{"id":35805,"name":"Nutrient Cycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrient_Cycling?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156356" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Litterfall">Litterfall</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156356" type="text/json">{"id":156356,"name":"Litterfall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Litterfall?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208294" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208294" type="text/json">{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27309208]'), work: {"id":27309208,"title":"Comparing Throughfall and Litterfall Nutrient Fluxes in a Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis willd. muell-arg) Plantation Agro-ecosystem at Ikenne, South-west Nigeria","created_at":"2016-07-27T08:28:43.297-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27309208/Comparing_Throughfall_and_Litterfall_Nutrient_Fluxes_in_a_Rubber_Hevea_brasiliensis_willd_muell_arg_Plantation_Agro_ecosystem_at_Ikenne_South_west_Nigeria?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_27309208","summary":"This study compares nutrient fluxes (throughfall and litterfall) in a rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Willd. Muell-Arg) plantation agro-ecosystem at Ikenne, SW Nigeria. Throughfall samples were collected bi-weekly under the rubber canopies (40-, 15-, and 5-year-old) using throughfall funnel collectors with 10 replicates. Litterfall was collected on a monthly basis in the three rubber stands using twenty-four 0.25 m 2 litter traps (eight replicates in each of the three rubber stands) positioned randomly to estimate total annual litter production (dry biomass) and its main fractions. Throughfall and litterfall samples were analyzed for total nitrogen, sodium, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium. The annual means of throughfall in the different stands were compared by solution type using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by a post-hoc separation of means by the Scheffe-test (p \u0026lt;0.05). The litterfall data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance based on the ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47565562,"asset_id":27309208,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51434653,"first_name":"Adeniyi","last_name":"Gbadegesin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AdeniyiGbadegesin","display_name":"Adeniyi Gbadegesin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AdeniyiGbadegesin?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33426804,"first_name":"Oludare","last_name":"Adedeji","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"OludareAdedeji","display_name":"Oludare Adedeji","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/OludareAdedeji?f_ri=208294","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33426804/10033166/11191355/s65_oludare.adedeji.jpg_oh_8a5666a6877f868273eb80aa4fb28bcc_oe_5673b025___gda___1449629518_071946a08c94604e8d7c471b179c3a8e"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35805,"name":"Nutrient Cycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nutrient_Cycling?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":156356,"name":"Litterfall","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Litterfall?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25106848" data-work_id="25106848" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25106848/Biochemical_Properties_of_Two_Cinnamoyl_Esterases_Purified_from_a_Lactobacillus_johnsonii_Strain_Isolated_from_Stool_Samples_of_Diabetes_Resistant_Rats">Biochemical Properties of Two Cinnamoyl Esterases Purified from a Lactobacillus johnsonii Strain Isolated from Stool Samples of Diabetes-Resistant Rats</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25106848" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="511ea029e27ade5780e17dc6b4529341" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45426430,"asset_id":25106848,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45426430/download_file?st=MTczMjQ1NDc2Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48164927" href="https://independent.academia.edu/claudiogonzalez49">claudio gonzalez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48164927" type="text/json">{"id":48164927,"first_name":"claudio","last_name":"gonzalez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"claudiogonzalez49","display_name":"claudio gonzalez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/claudiogonzalez49?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25106848 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25106848"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25106848, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25106848", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25106848 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25106848; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25106848"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25106848 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25106848"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25106848; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25106848]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25106848").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25106848").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25106848"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics">Kinetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4987" type="text/json">{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54433" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny">Phylogeny</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54433" type="text/json">{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99234" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals">Animals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="99234" type="text/json">{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25106848]'), work: {"id":25106848,"title":"Biochemical Properties of Two Cinnamoyl Esterases Purified from a Lactobacillus johnsonii Strain Isolated from Stool Samples of Diabetes-Resistant Rats","created_at":"2016-05-07T06:09:18.693-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25106848/Biochemical_Properties_of_Two_Cinnamoyl_Esterases_Purified_from_a_Lactobacillus_johnsonii_Strain_Isolated_from_Stool_Samples_of_Diabetes_Resistant_Rats?f_ri=208294","dom_id":"work_25106848","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45426430,"asset_id":25106848,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48164927,"first_name":"claudio","last_name":"gonzalez","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"claudiogonzalez49","display_name":"claudio gonzalez","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/claudiogonzalez49?f_ri=208294","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4987,"name":"Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinetics?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=208294","nofollow":false},{"id":106368,"name":"Lactobacillus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactobacillus?f_ri=208294"},{"id":107664,"name":"Applied Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":131237,"name":"Cluster Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis?f_ri=208294"},{"id":208294,"name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?f_ri=208294"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=208294"},{"id":432129,"name":"Substrate Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substrate_Specificity?f_ri=208294"},{"id":469102,"name":"Feces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feces?f_ri=208294"},{"id":809881,"name":"Amino Acid Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Sequence?f_ri=208294"},{"id":1356430,"name":"Chlorogenic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorogenic_Acid?f_ri=208294"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?after=50%2C25106848" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Plant-Microbe_Interactions">Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="208293">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="208293">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oomycetes">Oomycetes</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="208295">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="208295">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoospores">Zoospores</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="208296">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="208296">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLC_and_SCADA_based_papers">PLC and SCADA based papers</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="184179">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="184179">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="5398">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="5398">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dairy">Dairy</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="181926">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="181926">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horizontal_Gene_Transfer">Horizontal Gene Transfer</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="21949">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="21949">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lactic_Acid_Bacteria">Lactic Acid Bacteria</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="74144">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="74144">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Allelopathy">Allelopathy</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="14542">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="14542">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_analysis_of_water_and_soil">Chemical analysis of water and soil</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="681746">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="681746">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "2467a5f4b8bd35cde9ae322be6ab2755d524fbd8f2b311cc9f3d76bab8ea88fa", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="UcGLCK6Lqulw2oRr3mcoGd1qsm624BKztgGu4NuTrX6T8HT1xKnQkAzTqQqEkEYt5QptjA5O5w2EhYdk7mCONg==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_and_Environmental_Microbiology" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="fTfFSGs/mbtfK1OI/vy8ErVcNQViMuoRVD+3yyH1eBq/Bjq1AR3jwiMifumkC9ImjTzq59qcH69mu55PFAZbUg==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>