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debris</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: coarse woody debris"> <meta name="keywords" content="coarse woody debris"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="coarse woody debris"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 531</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: coarse woody debris</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">531</span> Characteristics of Old-Growth and Secondary Forests in Relation to Age and Typhoon Disturbance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teng-Chiu%20Lin">Teng-Chiu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pei-Jen%20Lee%20Shaner"> Pei-Jen Lee Shaner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shin-Yu%20Lin"> Shin-Yu Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Both forest age and physical damages due to weather events such as tropical cyclones can influence forest characteristics and subsequently its capacity to sequester carbon. Detangling these influences is therefore a pressing issue under climate change. In this study, we compared the compositional and structural characteristics of three forests in Taiwan differing in age and severity of typhoon disturbances. We found that the two forests (one old-growth forest and one secondary forest) experiencing more severe typhoon disturbances had shorter stature, higher wood density, higher tree species diversity, and lower typhoon-induced tree mortality than the other secondary forest experiencing less severe typhoon disturbances. On the other hand, the old-growth forest had a larger amount of woody debris than the two secondary forests, suggesting a dominant role of forest age on woody debris accumulation. Of the three forests, only the two experiencing more severe typhoon disturbances formed new gaps following two 2015 typhoons, and between these two forests, the secondary forest gained more gaps than the old-growth forest. Consider that older forests generally have more gaps due to a higher background tree mortality, our findings suggest that the age effects on gap dynamics may be reversed by typhoon disturbances. This study demonstrated the effects of typhoons on forest characteristics, some of which could negate the age effects and rejuvenate older forests. If cyclone disturbances were to intensity under climate change, the capacity of older forests to sequester carbon may be reduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=typhoon" title="typhoon">typhoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=canpy%20gap" title=" canpy gap"> canpy gap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20woody%20debris" title=" coarse woody debris"> coarse woody debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20stature" title=" forest stature"> forest stature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20age" title=" forest age"> forest age</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55429/characteristics-of-old-growth-and-secondary-forests-in-relation-to-age-and-typhoon-disturbance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">530</span> Effects of Large Woody Debris on the Abundance and Diversity of Freshwater Invertebrates and Vertebrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Matulino">M. J. Matulino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carissa%20Ganong"> Carissa Ganong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Mills"> Mark Mills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jazmine%20Harry"> Jazmine Harry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Large Woody Debris (LWD), defined as wooden debris with a diameter of at least 10 cm and a length of 2 m, serves as a crucial resource and habitat for aquatic organisms. While research on the ecological impacts of LWD has been conducted in temperate streams, LWD's influence on tropical stream biodiversity remains understudied, making this investigation particularly valuable for future conservation efforts. The Sura River in La Selva Biological Station includes both LWD and open channel sites. We sampled paired LWD and open-channel sites using minnow traps, Promar traps, and dip nets. Vertebrates were identified as species, while macroinvertebrates were identified to order level. We quantified abundance, richness, and Shannon diversity at each. We captured a total of 467 individuals, including 2 turtles, 17 fishes, 1 freshwater crab, 39 shrimp, and 408 other macroinvertebrates. Total abundance was significantly higher in LWD sites. Species richness was marginally higher in LWD sites, but the Shannon diversity index did not differ significantly with habitat. Shrimp (Macrobrachium olfersi) length was significantly higher in LWD areas. Increased food resources and microhabitat availability could contribute to higher abundance, richness, and organismal size in LWD environments. This study fills a critical gap by investigating LWD effects in a tropical environment, providing valuable insights for conservation efforts and the preservation of aquatic biodiversity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20woody%20debris%20%28LWD%29" title="large woody debris (LWD)">large woody debris (LWD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquatic%20organisms" title=" aquatic organisms"> aquatic organisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20impacts" title=" ecological impacts"> ecological impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropical%20stream%20biodiversity" title=" tropical stream biodiversity"> tropical stream biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation%20efforts" title=" conservation efforts"> conservation efforts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168856/effects-of-large-woody-debris-on-the-abundance-and-diversity-of-freshwater-invertebrates-and-vertebrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">529</span> Estimation and Forecasting Debris Flow Phenomena on the Highway of the 'TRACECA' Corridor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levan%20Tsulukidze">Levan Tsulukidze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper considers debris flow phenomena and forecasting of them in the corridor of ‘TRACECA’ on the example of river Naokhrevistkali, as well as the debris flow -type channel passing between the villages of Vale-2 and Naokhrevi. As a result of expeditionary and reconnaissance investigations, as well as using empiric dependencies, the debris flow expenditure has been estimated in case of different debris flow provisions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20flow" title="debris flow">debris flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Traceca%20corridor" title=" Traceca corridor"> Traceca corridor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title=" forecasting"> forecasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20Naokhrevistkali" title=" river Naokhrevistkali"> river Naokhrevistkali</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47669/estimation-and-forecasting-debris-flow-phenomena-on-the-highway-of-the-traceca-corridor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">528</span> Designing and Costing the Concept of Servicer Satellites That Can Be Used to De-Orbit Space Debris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paras%20Adlakha">Paras Adlakha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today the major threat to our existing and future satellites is space debris; the collision of bodies like defunct satellites with any other objects in space, including the new age ASAT (anti-satellite) weaponry system, are the main causes of the increasing amount of space debris every year. After analyzing the current situation of space debris, low earth orbit is found to be having a large density of debris as compared to any other orbit range; that's why it is selected as the target orbit for space debris removal mission. In this paper, the complete data of 24000 debris is studied based on size, altitude, inclination, mass, number of existing satellites threaten by each debris from which the rocket bodies are the type of wreckage found to be most suited for removal. The optimal method of active debris removal using a robotic arm for capturing the body to attach a de-orbit kit is used to move the debris from its orbit without making the actual contact of servicer with the debris to reduce the further the threat of collision with defunct material. The major factors which are brought into consideration while designing the concept of debris removal are tumbling, removal of debris under a low-cost mission and decreasing the factor of collisions during the mission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de-orbit" title="de-orbit">de-orbit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris" title=" debris"> debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=servicer" title=" servicer"> servicer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite" title=" satellite"> satellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20junk" title=" space junk"> space junk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130666/designing-and-costing-the-concept-of-servicer-satellites-that-can-be-used-to-de-orbit-space-debris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">527</span> Active Space Debris Removal by Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Anandha%20Selvan">A. Anandha Selvan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Malarvizhi"> B. Malarvizhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent year the problem of space debris have become very serious. The mass of the artificial objects in orbit increased quite steadily at the rate of about 145 metric tons annually, leading to a total tally of approximately 7000 metric tons. Now most of space debris object orbiting in LEO region about 97%. The catastrophic collision can be mostly occurred in LEO region, where this collision generate the new debris. Thus, we propose a concept for cleaning the space debris in the region of thermosphere by passing the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) radiation to in front of space debris object from the re-orbiter. So in our concept the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) radiation will create the thermosphere expansion by reacting with atmospheric gas particles. So the drag is produced in front of the space debris object by thermosphere expansion. This drag force is high enough to slow down the space debris object’s relative velocity. Therefore the space debris object gradually reducing the altitude and finally enter into the earth’s atmosphere. After the first target is removed, the re-orbiter can be goes into next target. This method remove the space debris object without catching debris object. Thus it can be applied to a wide range of debris object without regard to their shapes or rotation. This paper discusses the operation of re-orbiter for removing the space debris in thermosphere region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20space%20debris%20removal" title="active space debris removal">active space debris removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20debris" title=" space debris"> space debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEO" title=" LEO"> LEO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20ultraviolet" title=" extreme ultraviolet"> extreme ultraviolet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=re-orbiter" title=" re-orbiter"> re-orbiter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermosphere" title=" thermosphere"> thermosphere</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20478/active-space-debris-removal-by-extreme-ultraviolet-radiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20478.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">526</span> Treatment of the Modern Management Mechanism of the Debris Flow Processes Expected in the Mletiskhevi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Chakhaia">G. Chakhaia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Gogilava"> S. Gogilava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Tsulukidze"> L. Tsulukidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Laoshvili"> Z. Laoshvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Khubulava"> I. Khubulava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bosikashvili"> S. Bosikashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Gugushvili"> T. Gugushvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The work reviewed and evaluated various genesis debris flow phenomena recently formatted in the Mletiskhevi, accordingly it revealed necessity of treatment modern debris flow against measures. Based on this, it is proposed the debris flow against truncated semi cone shape construction, which elements are contained in the car’s secondary tires. its constituent elements (sections), due to the possibilities of amortization and geometric shapes is effective and sustainable towards debris flow hitting force. The construction is economical, because after crossing the debris flows in the river bed, the riverbed is not cleanable, also the elements of the building are resource saving. For assessment of influence of cohesive debris flow at the construction and evaluation of the construction effectiveness have been implemented calculation in the specific assumptions with approved methodology. According to the calculation, it was established that after passing debris flow in the debris flow construction (in 3 row case) its hitting force reduces 3 times, that causes reduce of debris flow speed and kinetic energy, as well as sedimentation on a certain section of water drain in the lower part of the construction. Based on the analysis and report on the debris flow against construction, it can be said that construction is effective, inexpensive, technically relatively easy-to-reach measure, that’s why its implementation is prospective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title="construction">construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20flow" title=" debris flow"> debris flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sections" title=" sections"> sections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20calculation" title=" theoretical calculation"> theoretical calculation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123576/treatment-of-the-modern-management-mechanism-of-the-debris-flow-processes-expected-in-the-mletiskhevi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">525</span> State’s Responsibility of Space Debris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athari%20Farhani">Athari Farhani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract The existence of space debris is a direct implication of human activities in outer space. The amount of orbital debris resulting from human exploration and use of outer space has been steadily increasing in the history of human exploration and use of outer space, so that space debris in the responsibility of the launching state. Space debris not only hs a direct impact on environmentalpollution but can also harm and endanger the safety of human life. Despite the legal provisions governing the exploration and use of outer space, both international space law and liability convention, however, these legal provisions are only basic prinsiples, so that further thought or effort are needed, such as new international legal instruments to regulate the existence of space debris. The method used in this research is normative juridical with an approach to written legal regulation, especially international agreements related to space law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%E2%80%99s%20responsibility" title="state’s responsibility">state’s responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20debris" title=" space debris"> space debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outerspace" title=" outerspace"> outerspace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title=" international law"> international law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167497/states-responsibility-of-space-debris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">524</span> Managing the Cosmos: Problems, Solutions, and Future Insights into Space Debris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfan%20Nazir%20Wani">Irfan Nazir Wani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pushpendra%20Kumar%20Shukla"> Pushpendra Kumar Shukla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manoj%20Kumar"> Manoj Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Debris, also called waste or junk, present in orbit of Earth or orbital debris, offers a substantial challenge to space exploration. Satellite operations and other space-based activities. This research paper delves into the causes and effects of space debris accumulation, explores current mitigation techniques, and presents a hopeful outlook on the potential for future sustainable space activities. The paper emphasizes the necessity of addressing planetary fragments to ensure durable sustainability in universe exploration and utilization. It examines various strategies for mitigating space debris, including debris removal technologies, spacecraft design improvements, and international collaboration efforts. Additionally, the paper highlights the importance of space debris monitoring and tracking systems in preventing collisions and minimizing the growth of orbital debris. By comprehending the complexities of space debris and implementing effective mitigation measures, the space industry can work towards a future where sustainable space activities are achievable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20shuttle" title="space shuttle">space shuttle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris" title=" debris"> debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20junk" title=" space junk"> space junk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite" title=" satellite"> satellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fragments" title=" fragments"> fragments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbit" title=" orbit"> orbit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187359/managing-the-cosmos-problems-solutions-and-future-insights-into-space-debris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">44</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">523</span> Woody Plant Encroachment Effects on the Physical Properties of Vertic Soils in Bela-Bela, Limpopo Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebone%20E.%20Mashapa">Rebone E. Mashapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phesheya%20E.%20Dlamini"> Phesheya E. Dlamini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandile%20S.%20Mthimkhulu"> Sandile S. Mthimkhulu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Woody plant encroachment, a land cover transformation that reduces grassland productivity may influence soil physical properties. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of woody plant encroachment on physical properties of vertic soils in a savanna grassland. In this study, we quantified and compared soil bulk density, aggregate stability and porosity in the top and subsoil of an open and woody encroached savanna grassland. The results revealed that soil bulk density increases, while porosity and mean weight diameter decreases with depth in both open and woody encroached grassland soil. Compared to open grassland, soil bulk density was 11% and 10% greater in the topsoil and subsoil, while porosity was 6% and 9% lower in the topsoil and subsoil of woody encroached grassland. Mean weight diameter, an indicator of soil aggregation increased by 38% only in the subsoil of encroached grasslands due to increasing clay content with depth. These results suggest that woody plant encroachment leads to compaction of vertic soils, which in turn reduces pore size distribution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20depth" title="soil depth">soil depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20physical%20properties" title=" soil physical properties"> soil physical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertic%20soils" title=" vertic soils"> vertic soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woody%20plant%20encroachment" title=" woody plant encroachment"> woody plant encroachment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111260/woody-plant-encroachment-effects-on-the-physical-properties-of-vertic-soils-in-bela-bela-limpopo-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">522</span> Contactless and Multiple Space Debris Removal by Micro to Nanno Satellites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junichiro%20Kawaguchi">Junichiro Kawaguchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Space debris problems have emerged and threatened the use of low earth orbit around the Earth owing to a large number of spacecraft. In debris removal, a number of research and patents have been proposed and published so far. They assume servicing spacecraft, robots to be built for accessing the target debris objects. The robots should be sophisticated enough automatically to access the debris articulating the attitude and the translation motion with respect to the debris. This paper presents the idea of using the torpedo-like third unsophisticated and disposable body, in addition to the first body of the servicing robot and the second body of the target debris. The third body is launched from the first body from a distance farer than the size of the second body. This paper presents the method and the system, so that the third body is launched from the first body. The third body carries both a net and an inflatable or extendible drag deceleration device and is built small and light. This method enables even a micro to nano satellite to perform contactless and multiple debris removal even via a single flight. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ballute" title="ballute">ballute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20removal" title=" debris removal"> debris removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=echo%20satellite" title=" echo satellite"> echo satellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gossamer" title=" gossamer"> gossamer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gun-net" title=" gun-net"> gun-net</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflatable%20space%20structure" title=" inflatable space structure"> inflatable space structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20satellite" title=" small satellite"> small satellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=un-cooperated%20target" title=" un-cooperated target"> un-cooperated target</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154096/contactless-and-multiple-space-debris-removal-by-micro-to-nanno-satellites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">521</span> A Machine Learning-based Study on the Estimation of the Threat Posed by Orbital Debris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhani%20Srivastava">Suhani Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research delves into the classification of orbital debris through machine learning (ML): it will categorize the intensity of the threat orbital debris poses through multiple ML models to gain an insight into effectively estimating the danger specific orbital debris can pose to future space missions. As the space industry expands, orbital debris becomes a growing concern in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) because it can potentially obfuscate space missions due to the increased orbital debris pollution. Moreover, detecting orbital debris and identifying its characteristics has become a major concern in Space Situational Awareness (SSA), and prior methods of solely utilizing physics can become inconvenient in the face of the growing issue. Thus, this research focuses on approaching orbital debris concerns through machine learning, an efficient and more convenient alternative, in detecting the potential threat certain orbital debris pose. Our findings found that the Logistic regression machine worked the best with a 98% accuracy and this research has provided insight into the accuracies of specific machine learning models when classifying orbital debris. Our work would help provide space shuttle manufacturers with guidelines about mitigating risks, and it would help in providing Aerospace Engineers facilities to identify the kinds of protection that should be incorporated into objects traveling in the LEO through the predictions our models provide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerospace" title="aerospace">aerospace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20debris" title=" orbital debris"> orbital debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space" title=" space"> space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20situational%20awareness" title=" space situational awareness"> space situational awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nasa" title=" nasa"> nasa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192438/a-machine-learning-based-study-on-the-estimation-of-the-threat-posed-by-orbital-debris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">520</span> Computation of ΔV Requirements for Space Debris Removal Using Orbital Transfer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadhvi%20Gupta">Sadhvi Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charulatha%20S."> Charulatha S.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the dawn of the early 1950s humans have launched numerous vehicles in space. Be it from rockets to rovers humans have done tremendous growth in the technology sector. While there is mostly upside for it for humans the only major downside which cannot be ignored now is the amount of junk produced in space due to it i.e. space debris. All this space junk amounts from objects we launch from earth which so remains in orbit until it re-enters the atmosphere. Space debris can be of various sizes mainly the big ones are of the dead satellites floating in space and small ones can consist of various things like paint flecks, screwdrivers, bolts etc. Tracking of small space debris whose size is less than 10 cm is impossible and can have vast implications. As the amount of space debris increases in space the chances of it hitting a functional satellite also increases. And it is extremely costly to repair or recover the satellite once hit by a revolving space debris. So the proposed solution is, Actively removing space debris while keeping space sustainability in mind. For this solution a total of 8 modules will be launched in LEO and in GEO and these models will be placed in their desired orbits through Hohmann transfer and for that calculating ΔV values is crucial. After which the modules will be placed in their designated positions in STK software and thorough analysis is conducted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20debris" title="space debris">space debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hohmann%20transfer" title=" Hohmann transfer"> Hohmann transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=STK" title=" STK"> STK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delta-V" title=" delta-V"> delta-V</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166831/computation-of-dv-requirements-for-space-debris-removal-using-orbital-transfer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">519</span> Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Anti-Debris Flow Engineering Constructed to Reduce the Risk of Expected Debris Flow in the River Mletiskhevi by Computer Program RAMMS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sopio%20Gogilava">Sopio Gogilava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goga%20Chakhaia"> Goga Chakhaia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levan%20Tsulukidze"> Levan Tsulukidze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zurab%20Laoshvili"> Zurab Laoshvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irina%20Khubulava"> Irina Khubulava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shalva%20Bosikashvili"> Shalva Bosikashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teimuraz%20Gugushvili"> Teimuraz Gugushvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geoinformatics systems (GIS) integrated computer program RAMMS is widely used for forecasting debris flows and accordingly for the determination of anticipating risks with 85% accuracy. In view of the above, the work introduces new capabilities of the computer program RAMMS, which evaluates the effectiveness of anti-debris flow engineering construction, namely: the possibility of decreasing the expected velocity, kinetic energy, and output cone volume in the Mletiskhevi River. As a result of research has been determined that the anti-debris flow engineering construction designed to reduce the expected debris flow risk in the Mletiskhevi River is an effective environmental protection technology, that's why its introduction is promising. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title="construction">construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20flow" title=" debris flow"> debris flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geoinformatics%20systems" title=" geoinformatics systems"> geoinformatics systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=program%20RAMMS" title=" program RAMMS"> program RAMMS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115376/assessment-of-the-effectiveness-of-the-anti-debris-flow-engineering-constructed-to-reduce-the-risk-of-expected-debris-flow-in-the-river-mletiskhevi-by-computer-program-ramms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">518</span> Examination of Woody Taxa in Urban Parks in the Context of Climate Change: Resat Oyal Kulturpark and Hudavendigar Urban Park Samples</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Zencirk%C4%B1ran">Murat Zencirkıran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elvan%20Ender"> Elvan Ender</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change, which has become effective on a global scale, is accompanied by an increase in negative conditions for human, plant and animal life. Especially these negative conditions (drought, warming, glowing, etc.) are felt more rapidly in urban life and affect the sustainability of green areas which are of great importance in terms of life comfort. In this context, the choice of woody taxa used in the design and design of green spaces in the city increase one more time. Within the scope of this study, two of four urban parks located in the city center of Bursa province were selected and evaluated for woody taxa. Urban parks have been identified as the oldest and newest urban park in Bursa, and it has been tried to emphasize the differences that may exist over time. It was determined that 54 woody taxa took place in Resat Oyal Kulturpark and 76 woody taxa in Hudavendigar Urban Park. These taxa have been evaluated in terms of water consumption and ecological tolerances by taking into account climate change, and suggestions have been developed against possible problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecological%20hardiness" title="ecological hardiness">ecological hardiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20park" title=" urban park"> urban park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20consumption" title=" water consumption"> water consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woody%20plants" title=" woody plants"> woody plants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73371/examination-of-woody-taxa-in-urban-parks-in-the-context-of-climate-change-resat-oyal-kulturpark-and-hudavendigar-urban-park-samples" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">517</span> Coupled Analysis for Hazard Modelling of Debris Flow Due to Extreme Rainfall </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20V.%20Nikhil">N. V. Nikhil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20Lee"> S. R. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Do%20Won%20Park"> Do Won Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Korean peninsula receives about two third of the annual rainfall during summer season. The extreme rainfall pattern due to typhoon and heavy rainfall results in severe mountain disasters among which 55% of them are debris flows, a major natural hazard especially when occurring around major settlement areas. The basic mechanism underlined for this kind of failure is the unsaturated shallow slope failure by reduction of matric suction due to infiltration of water and liquefaction of the failed mass due to generation of positive pore water pressure leading to abrupt loss of strength and commencement of flow. However only an empirical model cannot simulate this complex mechanism. Hence, we have employed an empirical-physical based approach for hazard analysis of debris flow using TRIGRS, a debris flow initiation criteria and DAN3D in mountain Woonmyun, South Korea. Debris flow initiation criteria is required to discern the potential landslides which can transform into debris flow. DAN-3D, being a new model, does not have the calibrated values of rheology parameters for Korean conditions. Thus, in our analysis we have used the recent 2011 debris flow event in mountain Woonmyun san for calibration of both TRIGRS model and DAN-3D, thereafter identifying and predicting the debris flow initiation points, path, run out velocity, and area of spreading for future extreme rainfall based scenarios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20flow" title="debris flow">debris flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DAN-3D" title=" DAN-3D"> DAN-3D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20rainfall" title=" extreme rainfall"> extreme rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard%20analysis" title=" hazard analysis"> hazard analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3385/coupled-analysis-for-hazard-modelling-of-debris-flow-due-to-extreme-rainfall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3385.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">516</span> The Influence of Coarse Aggregate Morphology on Concrete Workability: A Case Study with Algerian Crushed Limestone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Boufedah%20Badissi">Ahmed Boufedah Badissi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Beroual"> Ahmed Beroual</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Boursas"> Farid Boursas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to elucidate the role of coarse aggregate in influencing the fresh properties of normal-strength concrete. Specifically, it is aimed to identify the optimal gradation of coarse aggregate to enhance workability. While existing literature discusses the impact of aggregate granularity on concrete workability, more numerical data or models need to quantify the relationship between workability, granularity, and coarse aggregate shape. The main objective is to create a model that describes how coarse aggregate morphology contributes to fresh concrete properties. To investigate the effect of coarse aggregate gradation on Normal Strength Concrete (NSC) workability, various combinations of coarse aggregates (4/22.4 mm) were produced in the laboratory, utilizing three elementary classes: finer coarse aggregate 4/8 mm (Fca), medium coarse aggregate 8/16 mm (Mca), and coarser coarse aggregate 16/22.4 mm (Cca). We introduced a factor, FCR (Finer to Coarser coarse aggregate Ratio), as a numerical parameter to provide a quantitative evaluation and more detailed results analysis. Quantitative characterization parameters for coarse aggregate morphology were established, exploring the influence of particle size distribution, specific surface, and aggregate shape on workability. The research findings are significant for establishing correlations between coarse aggregate morphology and concrete properties. FCR emerges as a valuable tool for predicting the impact of aggregate gradation variations on concrete. The results of this study create a valuable database for construction professionals and concrete producers, affirming that the fresh properties of NSC are intricately linked to coarse aggregate morphology, particularly gradation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title="morphology">morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20aggregate" title=" coarse aggregate"> coarse aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workability" title=" workability"> workability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fresh%20properties" title=" fresh properties"> fresh properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradation" title=" gradation"> gradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181529/the-influence-of-coarse-aggregate-morphology-on-concrete-workability-a-case-study-with-algerian-crushed-limestone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">515</span> Evaluation of Green Infrastructure with Different Woody Plants Practice and Benefit Using the Stormwater Management-HYDRUS Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bei%20Zhang">Bei Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaoxin%20Zhang"> Zhaoxin Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lidong%20Zhao"> Lidong Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green infrastructures (GIs) for rainwater management can directly meet the multiple purposes of urban greening and non-point source pollution control. To reveal the overall layout law of GIs dominated by typical woody plants and their impact on urban environmental effects, we constructed a HYDRUS-1D and Stormwater management (SWMM) coupling model to simulate the response of typical root woody plant planting methods on urban hydrological. The results showed that the coupling model had high adaptability to the simulation of urban surface runoff control effect under different woody plant planting methods (NSE ≥0.64 and R² ≥ 0.71). The regulation effect on surface runoff showed that the average runoff reduction rate of GIs increased from 60 % to 71 % with the increase of planting area (5% to 25%) under the design rainfall event of the 2-year recurrence interval. Sophora japonica with tap roots was slightly higher than that of without plants (control) and Malus baccata (M. baccata) with fibrous roots. The comprehensive benefit evaluation system of rainwater utilization technology was constructed by using an analytic hierarchy process. The coupling model was used to evaluate the comprehensive benefits of woody plants with different planting areas in the study area in terms of environment, economy, and society. The comprehensive benefit value of planting 15% M. baccata was the highest, which was the first choice for the planting of woody plants in the study area. This study can provide a scientific basis for the decision-making of green facility layouts of woody plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20infrastructure" title="green infrastructure">green infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensive%20benefits" title=" comprehensive benefits"> comprehensive benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runoff%20regulation" title=" runoff regulation"> runoff regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woody%20plant%20layout" title=" woody plant layout"> woody plant layout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupling%20model" title=" coupling model"> coupling model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173239/evaluation-of-green-infrastructure-with-different-woody-plants-practice-and-benefit-using-the-stormwater-management-hydrus-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173239.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">514</span> Woody Carbon Stock Potentials and Factor Affecting Their Storage in Munessa Forest, Southern Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojo%20Mengistu%20Gelasso">Mojo Mengistu Gelasso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tropical forest is considered the most important forest ecosystem for mitigating climate change by sequestering a high amount of carbon. The potential carbon stock of the forest can be influenced by many factors. Therefore, studying these factors is crucial for understanding the determinants that affect the potential for woody carbon storage in the forest. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential for woody carbon stock and how it varies based on plant community types, as well as along altitudinal, slope, and aspect gradients in the Munessa dry Afromontane forest. Vegetation data was collected using systematic sampling. Five line transects were established at 100 m intervals along the altitudinal gradient between two consecutive transect lines. On each transect, 10 quadrats (20 x 20 m), separated by 200 m, were established. The woody carbon was estimated using an appropriate allometric equation formulated for tropical forests. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R software. The results showed that the total woody carbon stock of the Munessa forest was 210.43 ton/ha. The analysis of variance revealed that woody carbon density varied significantly based on environmental factors, while community types had no significant effect. The highest mean carbon stock was found at middle altitudes (2367-2533 m.a.s.l), lower slopes (0-13%), and west-facing aspects. The Podocarpus falcatus-Croton macrostachyus community type also contributed a higher woody carbon stock, as larger tree size classes and older trees dominated it. Overall, the potential for woody carbon sequestration in this study was strongly associated with environmental variables. Additionally, the uneven distribution of species with larger diameter at breast height (DBH) in the study area might be linked to anthropogenic factors, as the current forest growth indicates characteristics of a secondary forest. Therefore, our study suggests that the development and implementation of a sustainable forest management plan is necessary to increase the carbon sequestration potential of this forest and mitigate climate change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=munessa%20forest" title="munessa forest">munessa forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woody%20carbon%20stock" title=" woody carbon stock"> woody carbon stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20factors" title=" environmental factors"> environmental factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20mitigation" title=" climate mitigation"> climate mitigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176039/woody-carbon-stock-potentials-and-factor-affecting-their-storage-in-munessa-forest-southern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">513</span> Woody Carbon Stock Potentials and Factor Affecting Their Storage in Munessa Forest, Southern Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengistu%20Gelasso%20Mojo">Mengistu Gelasso Mojo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tropical forest is considered the most important forest ecosystem for mitigating climate change by sequestering a high amount of carbon. The potential carbon stock of the forest can be influenced by many factors. Therefore, studying these factors is crucial for understanding the determinants that affect the potential for woody carbon storage in the forest. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential for woody carbon stock and how it varies based on plant community types, as well as along altitudinal, slope, and aspect gradients in the Munessa dry Afromontane forest. Vegetation data was collected using systematic sampling. Five line transects were established at 100 m intervals along the altitudinal gradient between two consecutive transect lines. On each transect, 10 quadrats (20 x 20 m), separated by 200 m, were established. The woody carbon was estimated using an appropriate allometric equation formulated for tropical forests. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R software. The results showed that the total woody carbon stock of the Munessa forest was 210.43 ton/ha. The analysis of variance revealed that woody carbon density varied significantly based on environmental factors, while community types had no significant effect. The highest mean carbon stock was found at middle altitudes (2367-2533 m.a.s.l), lower slopes (0-13%), and west-facing aspects. The Podocarpus falcatus-Croton macrostachyus community type also contributed a higher woody carbon stock, as larger tree size classes and older trees dominated it. Overall, the potential for woody carbon sequestration in this study was strongly associated with environmental variables. Additionally, the uneven distribution of species with larger diameter at breast height (DBH) in the study area might be linked to anthropogenic factors, as the current forest growth indicates characteristics of a secondary forest. Therefore, our study suggests that the development and implementation of a sustainable forest management plan is necessary to increase the carbon sequestration potential of this forest and mitigate climate change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=munessa%20forest" title="munessa forest">munessa forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woody%20carbon%20stock" title=" woody carbon stock"> woody carbon stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20factors" title=" environmental factors"> environmental factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20mitigation" title=" climate mitigation"> climate mitigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175912/woody-carbon-stock-potentials-and-factor-affecting-their-storage-in-munessa-forest-southern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">512</span> Debris' Effect on Bearing Capacity of Defective Piles in Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Nasr">A. M. Nasr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20R.%20Azzam"> W. R. Azzam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20E.%20Ebeed"> K. E. Ebeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For bored piles, careful cleaning must be used to reduce the amount of material trapped in the drilled hole; otherwise, the debris' presence might cause the soft toe effect, which would affect the axial resistance. There isn't much comprehensive research on bored piles with debris. In order to investigate the behavior of a single pile, a pile composite foundation, a two pile group, a three pile group and a four pile group investigation conducts, forty-eight numerical tests in which the debris is simulated using foam rubber.1m pile diameter and 10m length with spacing 3D and depth of foundation 1m used in this study. It is found that the existence of debris causes a reduction of bearing capacity by 64.58% and 33.23% for single pile and pile composite foundation, respectively, 23.27% and 24.24% for the number of defective piles / total number of pile =1/2 and 1 respectively for two group pile, 10.23%, 19.42% and 28.47% for the number of defective piles / total number of pile =1/3,2/3 and 1 respectively for three group pile and, this reduction increase with the increase in a number of defective piles / a total number of piles and 7.1%, 13.32%,19.02% and 26.36 for the number of defective piles / total number of pile =1/4,2/4,3/4 and 1 respectively for four group pile and decreases with an increase of number of pile duo to interaction effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris" title="debris">debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Foundation" title=" Foundation"> Foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defective" title=" defective"> defective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title=" interaction"> interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20pile" title=" board pile"> board pile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159958/debris-effect-on-bearing-capacity-of-defective-piles-in-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">511</span> Wood Energy, Trees outside Forests and Agroforestry Wood Harvesting and Conversion Residues Preparing and Storing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeiza%20Matthew">Adeiza Matthew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwadamilola%20Abubakar"> Oluwadamilola Abubakar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wood energy, also known as wood fuel, is a renewable energy source that is derived from woody biomass, which is organic matter that is harvested from forests, woodlands, and other lands. Woody biomass includes trees, branches, twigs, and other woody debris that can be used as fuel. Wood energy can be classified based on its sources, such as trees outside forests, residues from wood harvesting and conversion, and energy plantations. There are several policy frameworks that support the use of wood energy, including participatory forest management and agroforestry. These policies aim to promote the sustainable use of woody biomass as a source of energy while also protecting forests and wildlife habitats. There are several options for using wood as a fuel, including central heating systems, pellet-based systems, wood chip-based systems, log boilers, fireplaces, and stoves. Each of these options has its own benefits and drawbacks, and the most appropriate option will depend on factors such as the availability of woody biomass, the heating needs of the household or facility, and the local climate. In order to use wood as a fuel, it must be harvested and stored properly. Hardwood or softwood can be used as fuel, and the heating value of firewood depends on the species of tree and the degree of moisture content. Proper harvesting and storage of wood can help to minimize environmental impacts and improve wildlife habitats. The use of wood energy has several environmental impacts, including the release of greenhouse gases during combustion and the potential for air pollution from combustion by-products. However, wood energy can also have positive environmental impacts, such as the sequestration of carbon in trees and the reduction of reliance on fossil fuels. The regulation and legislation of wood energy vary by country and region, and there is an ongoing debate about the potential use of wood energy in renewable energy technologies. Wood energy is a renewable energy source that can be used to generate electricity, heat, and transportation fuels. Woody biomass is abundant and widely available, making it a potentially significant source of energy for many countries. The use of wood energy can create local economic and employment opportunities, particularly in rural areas. Wood energy can be used to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Properly managed forests can provide a sustained supply of woody biomass for energy, helping to reduce the risk of deforestation and habitat loss. Wood energy can be produced using a variety of technologies, including direct combustion, co-firing with fossil fuels, and the production of biofuels. The environmental impacts of wood energy can be minimized through the use of best practices in harvesting, transportation, and processing. Wood energy is regulated and legislated at the national and international levels, and there are various standards and certification systems in place to promote sustainable practices. Wood energy has the potential to play a significant role in the transition to a low-carbon economy and the achievement of climate change mitigation goals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber" title=" timber"> timber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charcoal" title=" charcoal"> charcoal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firewood" title=" firewood"> firewood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161541/wood-energy-trees-outside-forests-and-agroforestry-wood-harvesting-and-conversion-residues-preparing-and-storing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">510</span> Effects of Pore-Water Pressure on the Motion of Debris Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng-Yu%20Lin">Meng-Yu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan-Ju%20Lee"> Wan-Ju Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pore-water pressure, which mediates effective stress and shear strength at grain contacts, has a great influence on the motion of debris flow. The factors that control the diffusion of excess pore-water pressure play very important roles in the debris-flow motion. This research investigates these effects by solving the distribution of pore-water pressure numerically in an unsteady, surging motion of debris flow. The governing equations are the depth-averaged equations for the motion of debris-flow surges coupled with the one-dimensional diffusion equation for excess pore-water pressures. The pore-pressure diffusion equation is solved using a Fourier series, which may improve the accuracy of the solution. The motion of debris-flow surge is modelled using a Lagrangian particle method. From the computational results, the effects of pore-pressure diffusivities and the initial excess pore pressure on the formations of debris-flow surges are investigated. Computational results show that the presence of pore water can increase surge velocities and then changes the profiles of depth distribution. Due to the linear distribution of the vertical component of pore-water velocity, pore pressure dissipates rapidly near the bottom and forms a parabolic distribution in the vertical direction. Increases in the diffusivity of pore-water pressure cause the pore pressures decay more rapidly and then decrease the mobility of the surge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20flow" title="debris flow">debris flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion" title=" diffusion"> diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagrangian%20particle%20method" title=" Lagrangian particle method"> Lagrangian particle method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pore-pressure%20diffusivity" title=" pore-pressure diffusivity"> pore-pressure diffusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pore-water%20pressure" title=" pore-water pressure"> pore-water pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98059/effects-of-pore-water-pressure-on-the-motion-of-debris-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">509</span> Space Debris Mitigation: Solutions from the Dark Skies of the Remote Australian Outback Using a Proposed Network of Mobile Astronomical Observatories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Akbar%20Hussain">Muhammad Akbar Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mehdi%20Hussain"> Muhammad Mehdi Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqar%20Haider"> Waqar Haider</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are tens of thousands of undetected and uncatalogued pieces of space debris in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO). They are not only difficult to be detected and tracked, their sheer number puts active satellites and humans in orbit around Earth into danger. With the entry of more governments and private companies into harnessing the Earth’s orbit for communication, research and military purposes, there is an ever-increasing need for not only the detection and cataloguing of these pieces of space debris, it is time to take measures to take them out and clean up the space around Earth. Current optical and radar-based Space Situational Awareness initiatives are useful mostly in detecting and cataloguing larger pieces of debris mainly for avoidance measures. Smaller than 10 cm pieces are in a relatively dark zone, yet these are deadly and capable of destroying satellites and human missions. A network of mobile observatories, connected to each other in real time and working in unison as a single instrument, may be able to detect small pieces of debris and achieve effective triangulation to help create a comprehensive database of their trajectories and parameters to the highest level of precision. This data may enable ground-based laser systems to help deorbit individual debris. Such a network of observatories can join current efforts in detection and removal of space debris in Earth’s orbit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20debris" title="space debris">space debris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20earth%20orbit" title=" low earth orbit"> low earth orbit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20observatories" title=" mobile observatories"> mobile observatories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triangulation" title=" triangulation"> triangulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seamless%20operability" title=" seamless operability"> seamless operability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143368/space-debris-mitigation-solutions-from-the-dark-skies-of-the-remote-australian-outback-using-a-proposed-network-of-mobile-astronomical-observatories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">508</span> Assessment of the Root Causes of Marine Debris Problem in Lagos State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chibuzo%20Okoye%20Daniels">Chibuzo Okoye Daniels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gillian%20Glegg"> Gillian Glegg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lynda%20Rodwell"> Lynda Rodwell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The continuously growing quantity of very slow degrading litter deliberately discarded into the coastal waters around Lagos as marine debris is obvious. What is not known is how to tackle this problem to reduce its prevalence and impact on the environment, economy and community. To identify ways of tackling the marine debris problem two case study areas (Ikoyi and Victoria Islands of Lagos State) were used to assess the root causes, the threat posed by marine debris in the coastal waters around Lagos and the efficacy of current instruments, programmes and initiatives that address marine debris in the study areas. The following methods were used: (1) Self-completed questionnaires for households and businesses within the study areas; (2) Semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders; (3) Observational studies of waste management from collection to disposal and waste management facilities for waste originating from land and maritime sources; (4) Beach surveys and marine debris surveys on shorelines and ports; and (5) Fishing for marine debris. Results of this study identified the following root causes: (1) Indiscriminate human activities and behaviors, and lack of awareness on the part of the main stakeholders and the public of the potential consequences of their actions; (2) Poor solid waste management practices; (3) Lack of strict legal frameworks addressing waste and marine debris problem; and (4) Disposal of non-degradable wastes into domestic sewer system and open streets drains. To effectively tackle marine debris problem in the study areas, adequate, appropriate and cost effective solutions to the above mentioned root causes needs to be identified and effectively transferred for implementation in the study areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20debris%20problem" title="marine debris problem">marine debris problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagos%20state" title=" Lagos state"> Lagos state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=litter" title=" litter"> litter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20waters" title=" coastal waters"> coastal waters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10082/assessment-of-the-root-causes-of-marine-debris-problem-in-lagos-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">507</span> Application of Envelope Spectrum Analysis and Spectral Kurtosis to Diagnose Debris Fault in Bearing Using Acoustic Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%20Ogbemudia%20Omoregbee">Henry Ogbemudia Omoregbee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mabel%20Usunobun%20Olanipekun"> Mabel Usunobun Olanipekun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Debris fault diagnosis based on acoustic signals in rolling element bearing running at low speed and high radial loads are more of low amplitudes, particularly in the case of debris faults whose signals necessitate high sensitivity analyses. As the rollers in the bearing roll over debris trapped in grease used to lubricate the bearings, the envelope signal created by amplitude demodulation carries additional diagnostic information that is not available through ordinary spectrum analysis of the raw signal. The kurtosis value obtained for three different scenarios (debris induced, outer crack induced, and a normal good bearing) couldn't be used to easily identify whether the used bearings were defective or not. It was established in this work that the envelope spectrum analysis detected the fault signature and its harmonics induced in the debris bearings when bandpass filtering of the raw signal with the frequency band specified by kurtogram and spectral kurtosis was made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20bearings" title="rolling bearings">rolling bearings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20element%20bearing%20noise" title=" rolling element bearing noise"> rolling element bearing noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandpass%20filtering" title=" bandpass filtering"> bandpass filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonics" title=" harmonics"> harmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=envelope%20spectrum%20analysis" title=" envelope spectrum analysis"> envelope spectrum analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20kurtosis" title=" spectral kurtosis"> spectral kurtosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169008/application-of-envelope-spectrum-analysis-and-spectral-kurtosis-to-diagnose-debris-fault-in-bearing-using-acoustic-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">506</span> Wear Particle Analysis from used Gear Lubricants for Maintenance Diagnostics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surapol%20Raadnui">Surapol Raadnui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This particular work describes an experimental investigation on gear wear in which wear and pitting were intentionally allowed to occur, namely, moisture corrosion pitting, acid-induced corrosion pitting, hard contaminant-related pitting and mechanical induced wear. A back to back spur gear test rig and a grease lubricated worm gear rig were used. The tests samples of wear debris were collected and assessed through the utilization of an optical microscope in order to correlate and compare the debris morphology to pitting and wear degradation of the worn gears. In addition, weight loss from all test gear pairs were assessed with utilization of statistical design of experiment. It can be deduced that wear debris characteristics from both cases exhibited a direct relationship with different pitting and wear modes. Thus, it should be possible to detect and diagnose gear pitting and wear utilization of worn surfaces, generated wear debris and quantitative measurement such as weight loss. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20maintenance" title="predictive maintenance">predictive maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=worm%20gear" title=" worm gear"> worm gear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spur%20gear" title=" spur gear"> spur gear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20debris%20analysis" title=" wear debris analysis"> wear debris analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problem%20diagnostic" title=" problem diagnostic"> problem diagnostic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140861/wear-particle-analysis-from-used-gear-lubricants-for-maintenance-diagnostics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">505</span> An Autonomous Space Debris-Removal System for Effective Space Missions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shriya%20Chawla">Shriya Chawla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinayak%20Malhotra"> Vinayak Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Space exploration has noted an exponential rise in the past two decades. The world has started probing the alternatives for efficient and resourceful sustenance along with utilization of advanced technology viz., satellites on earth. Space propulsion forms the core of space exploration. Of all the issues encountered, space debris has increasingly threatened the space exploration and propulsion. The efforts have resulted in the presence of disastrous space debris fragments orbiting the earth at speeds up to several kilometres per hour. Debris are well known as a potential damage to the future missions with immense loss of resources, mankind, and huge amount of money is invested in active research on them. Appreciable work had been done in the past relating to active space debris-removal technologies such as harpoon, net, drag sail. The primary emphasis is laid on confined removal. In recently, remove debris spacecraft was used for servicing and capturing cargo ships. Airbus designed and planned the debris-catching net experiment, aboard the spacecraft. The spacecraft represents largest payload deployed from the space station. However, the magnitude of the issue suggests that active space debris-removal technologies, such as harpoons and nets, still would not be enough. Thus, necessitating the need for better and operative space debris removal system. Techniques based on diverting the path of debris or the spacecraft to avert damage have turned out minimal usage owing to limited predictions. Present work focuses on an active hybrid space debris removal system. The work is motivated by the need to have safer and efficient space missions. The specific objectives of the work are 1) to thoroughly analyse the existing and conventional debris removal techniques, their working, effectiveness and limitations under varying conditions, 2) to understand the role of key controlling parameters in coupled operation of debris capturing and removal. The system represents the utilization of the latest autonomous technology available with an adaptable structural design for operations under varying conditions. The design covers advantages of most of the existing technologies while removing the disadvantages. The system is likely to enhance the probability of effective space debris removal. At present, systematic theoretical study is being carried out to thoroughly observe the effects of pseudo-random debris occurrences and to originate an optimal design with much better features and control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20exploration" title="space exploration">space exploration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20removal" title=" debris removal"> debris removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20crafts" title=" space crafts"> space crafts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20accidents" title=" space accidents"> space accidents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100009/an-autonomous-space-debris-removal-system-for-effective-space-missions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">504</span> Comparative Study of Natural Coarse Aggregate Concrete with Recycled Concrete Aggregate Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Saadiq">Ahmad Saadiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Sahu"> Neeraj Sahu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The partial or full replacement of natural coarse aggregate by recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is of great benefit to the environment, as the demand of natural coarse aggregate reduces. In the modern construction and practice, the use of RCA is limited to backfilling and road construction. The establishment of RCA for its wide application can only be done after having an understanding of the use of RCA in conventional concrete. To have an insight to this, various tests to determine the compressive strength, elastic strength, workability, durability and drying shrinkage tests can be done and the test results may be different from that obtained from natural coarse aggregates, by using natural coarse aggregate in concrete. This paper gives a comprehensive review of the said tests done on RCA concrete. The results obtained from the tests indicate that RCA concrete gives comparable compressive strength, stiffness, and workability relative to the corresponding results obtained from the natural coarse aggregates. However, the durability and drying shrinkage had more variance but well within recommended limits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregate" title="aggregate">aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20elasticity" title=" modulus of elasticity"> modulus of elasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20concrete" title=" recycled concrete"> recycled concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workability" title=" workability"> workability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88714/comparative-study-of-natural-coarse-aggregate-concrete-with-recycled-concrete-aggregate-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">503</span> Studies on Space-Based Laser Targeting System for the Removal of Orbital Space Debris</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krima%20M.%20Rohela">Krima M. Rohela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20Sabarinath%20Sundaralingam"> Raja Sabarinath Sundaralingam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Humans have been launching rockets since the beginning of the space age in the late 1950s. We have come a long way since then, and the success rate for the launch of rockets has increased considerably. With every successful launch, there is a large amount of junk or debris which is released into the upper layers of the atmosphere. Space debris has been a huge concern for a very long time now. This includes the rocket shells released from the launch and the parts of defunct satellites. Some of this junk will come to fall towards the Earth and burn in the atmosphere. But most of the junk goes into orbit around the Earth, and they remain in orbits for at least 100 years. This can cause a lot of problems to other functioning satellites and may affect the future manned missions to space. The main concern of the space-debris is the increase in space activities, which leads to risks of collisions if not taken care of soon. These collisions may result in what is known as Kessler Syndrome. This debris can be removed by a space-based laser targeting system. Hence, the matter is investigated and discussed. The first step in this involves launching a satellite with a high-power laser device into space, above the debris belt. Then the target material is ablated with a focussed laser beam. This step of the process is highly dependent on the attitude and orientation of the debris with respect to the Earth and the device. The laser beam will cause a jet of vapour and plasma to be expelled from the material. Hence, the force is applied in the opposite direction, and in accordance with Newton’s third law of motion, this will cause the material to move towards the Earth and get pulled down due to gravity, where it will get disintegrated in the upper layers of the atmosphere. The larger pieces of the debris can be directed towards the oceans. This method of removal of the orbital debris will enable safer passage for future human-crewed missions into space. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=altitude" title="altitude">altitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kessler%20syndrome" title=" Kessler syndrome"> Kessler syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20ablation" title=" laser ablation"> laser ablation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newton%E2%80%99s%20third%20law%20of%20motion" title=" Newton’s third law of motion"> Newton’s third law of motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellites" title=" satellites"> satellites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Space%20debris" title=" Space debris"> Space debris</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125904/studies-on-space-based-laser-targeting-system-for-the-removal-of-orbital-space-debris" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">502</span> Effect Different Moisture States of Surface-treated Recycled Concrete Aggregate on Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sallehan%20Ismail">Sallehan Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahyuddin%20Ramli"> Mahyuddin Ramli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the properties of fresh and hardened concretes as influenced by the moisture state of the coarse recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) after surface treatment. Surface treatment was performed by immersing the coarse RCA in a calcium metasilicate (CM) solution. The treated coarse RCA was maintained in three controlled moisture states, namely, air-dried, oven-dried, and saturated surface-dried (SSD), prior to its use in a concrete mix. The physical properties of coarse RCA were evaluated after surface treatment during the first phase of the experiment to determine the density and the water absorption characteristics of the RCA. The second phase involved the evaluation of the slump, slump loss, density, and compressive strength of the concretes that were prepared with different proportions of natural and treated coarse RCA. Controlling the moisture state of the coarse RCA after surface treatment was found to significantly influence the properties of the fresh and hardened concretes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20state" title="moisture state">moisture state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20concrete%20aggregate" title=" recycled concrete aggregate"> recycled concrete aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20treatment" title=" surface treatment"> surface treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4188/effect-different-moisture-states-of-surface-treated-recycled-concrete-aggregate-on-properties-of-fresh-and-hardened-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4188.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20woody%20debris&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20woody%20debris&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20woody%20debris&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20woody%20debris&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20woody%20debris&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20woody%20debris&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20woody%20debris&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20woody%20debris&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20woody%20debris&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20woody%20debris&page=17">17</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coarse%20woody%20debris&page=18">18</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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