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construction</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: construction"> <meta name="keywords" content="construction"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="construction"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3894</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: construction</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3894</span> Effect of Pre-Construction on Construction Schedule and Client Loyalty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Hoon%20Kim">Jong Hoon Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Soo%20Lee"> Hyun-Soo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moonseo%20Park"> Moonseo Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Jeong"> Min Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inbeom%20Lee"> Inbeom Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pre-construction is essential in achieving the success of a construction project. Due to the early involvement of project participants in the construction phase, project managers are able to plan ahead and solve issues well in advance leading to the success of the project and the satisfaction of the client. This research utilizes quantitative data derived from construction management projects in order to identify the relationship between pre-construction, construction schedule, and client satisfaction. A total of 65 construction projects and 93 clients were investigated for this research in an attempt to identify (a) the relationship between pre-construction and schedule reduction, and (b) pre-construction and client loyalty. Based on the quantitative analysis, this research was able to establish a negative correlation based on 65 construction projects between pre-construction and project schedule existed. This finding represents that the more pre-construction is performed for a certain project, the overall construction schedule decreased. Then, to determine the relationship between pre-construction and client satisfaction, Net Promoter Score (NPS) of 93 clients from the 65 projects was utilized. Pre-construction and NPS was further analyzed and a positive correlation was found between the two. This infers that clients tend to be more satisfied with projects with higher ratio of pre-construction than those projects with less pre-construction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=client%20loyalty" title="client loyalty">client loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NPS" title=" NPS"> NPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-construction" title=" pre-construction"> pre-construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schedule%20reduction" title=" schedule reduction"> schedule reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48581/effect-of-pre-construction-on-construction-schedule-and-client-loyalty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3893</span> Construction Quality Perception of Construction Professionals and Their Expectations from a Quality Improvement Technique in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Yousaf%20Sadiq">Muhammad Yousaf Sadiq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The complexity arises in defining the construction quality due to its perception, based on inherent market conditions and their requirements, the diversified stakeholders itself and their desired output. An quantitative survey based approach was adopted in this constructive study. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted for the assessment of construction Quality perception and expectations in the context of quality improvement technique. The survey feedback of professionals of the leading construction organizations/companies of Pakistan construction industry were analyzed. The financial capacity, organizational structure, and construction experience of the construction firms formed basis for their selection. The quality perception was found to be project-scope-oriented and considered as an excess cost for a construction project. Any quality improvement technique was expected to maximize the profit for the employer, by improving the productivity in a construction project. The study is beneficial for the construction professionals to assess the prevailing construction quality perception and the expectations from implementation of any quality improvement technique in construction projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20quality" title="construction quality">construction quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expectation" title=" expectation"> expectation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement" title=" improvement"> improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24075/construction-quality-perception-of-construction-professionals-and-their-expectations-from-a-quality-improvement-technique-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3892</span> Lean Implementation Analysis on the Safety Performance of Construction Projects in the Philippines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Lindsay%20F.%20Restua">Kim Lindsay F. Restua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeehan%20Kyra%20A.%20Rivero"> Jeehan Kyra A. Rivero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joneka%20Myles%20D.%20Taguba"> Joneka Myles D. Taguba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lean construction is defined as an approach in construction with the purpose of reducing waste in the process without compromising the value of the project. There are numerous lean construction tools that are applied in the construction process, which maximizes the efficiency of work and satisfaction of customers while minimizing waste. However, the complexity and differences of construction projects cause a rise in challenges on achieving the lean benefits construction can give, such as improvement in safety performance. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between lean construction tools and their effects on safety performance. The relationship between construction tools applied in construction and safety performance is identified through Logistic Regression Analysis, and Correlation Analysis was conducted thereafter. Based on the findings, it was concluded that almost 60% of the factors listed in the study, which are different tools and effects of lean construction, were determined to have a significant relationship with the level of safety in construction projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20analysis" title="correlation analysis">correlation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20construction%20tools" title=" lean construction tools"> lean construction tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20construction" title=" lean construction"> lean construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20regression%20analysis" title=" logistic regression analysis"> logistic regression analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148072/lean-implementation-analysis-on-the-safety-performance-of-construction-projects-in-the-philippines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3891</span> Study of Management of Waste Construction Materials in Civil Engineering Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalindar%20R.%20Patil">Jalindar R. Patil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harish%20P.%20Gayakwad"> Harish P. Gayakwad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increased economic growth across the globe as well as urbanization in developing countries have led into extensive construction activities that generate large amounts of wastes. Material wastage in construction projects resulted into huge financial setbacks to builders and contractors. In addition to this, it may also cause significant effects over aesthetics, health, and the general environment. However in many cities across the globe where construction wastes material management is still a problem. In this paper, the discussion is all about the method for the management of waste construction materials. The objectives of this seminar are to identify the significant source of construction waste globally, to improve the performance of by extracting the major barriers construction waste management and to determine the cost impact on the construction project. These wastes needs to be managed as well as their impacts needs to be ascertained to pave way for their proper management. The seminar includes the details of construction waste management with the reference to construction project. The application of construction waste management in the civil engineering projects is to describe the reduction in the construction wastes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civil%20engineering" title="civil engineering">civil engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20materials" title=" construction materials"> construction materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20activities" title=" construction activities"> construction activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24011/study-of-management-of-waste-construction-materials-in-civil-engineering-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3890</span> Green Construction in EGYPT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20A.%20Anwar">Hanan A. Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces green building construction in Egypt with different concepts and practices. The following study includes green building applied definition, guidelines, regulations and Standards. Evaluation of cost/benefit of green construction methods and green construction rating systems are presented. Relevant case studies will be reviewed. Four sites will be included. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20construction" title="green construction">green construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecofreindly" title=" ecofreindly"> ecofreindly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-sufficient%20town" title=" self-sufficient town"> self-sufficient town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20neutral%20atmosphere" title=" carbon neutral atmosphere"> carbon neutral atmosphere</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21630/green-construction-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">656</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3889</span> The Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Construction Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shady%20Gamal%20Aziz%20Shehata">Shady Gamal Aziz Shehata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Difficulty in defining construction quality arises due to perception based on the nature and requirements of the market, the different partners themselves and the results they want. Quantitative research was used in this constructivist research. A case-based study was conducted to assess the structures of positive attitudes and expectations in the context of quality improvement. A survey based on expert opinions was analyzed among construction organizations/companies operating in the construction industry in Pakistan. The financial strength, management structure and construction experience of the construction companies formed the basis of their selection. A good concept is visible at the project level and is seen as the most valuable part of the construction project. Each quality improvement technique was expected to increase the user's profits by improving the efficiency of the construction project. The Survey is useful for construction professionals to evaluate current construction concepts and expectations for the application of quality improvement techniques in construction projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20analysis" title="correlation analysis">correlation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20construction%20tools" title=" lean construction tools"> lean construction tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20construction" title=" lean construction"> lean construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20regression%20analysis" title=" logistic regression analysis"> logistic regression analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20construction%20quality" title=" safety construction quality"> safety construction quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expectation" title=" expectation"> expectation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement" title=" improvement"> improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185149/the-effect-of-artificial-intelligence-on-construction-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3888</span> Differentiation of Customer Types by Stereotypical Characteristics for Modular and Conventional Construction Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Schnell">Peter Schnell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phillip%20Haag"> Phillip Haag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the course of the structural transformation of the construction industry, the integration of industrialization and digitization has led to the development of construction methods with an increased degree of prefabrication, such as system or modular construction. Compared to conventional construction, these innovative construction methods are characterized by modified structural and procedural properties and expand the range of construction services. Faced with the supply side, it is possible to identify construction-specific customer types with different characteristics and certain preferences as far as the choice of construction method is concerned. The basis for this finding was qualitative expert interviews. By evaluating the stereotypical customer needs, a corresponding segmentation of the demand side can be made along with the basic orientation and decision behavior. This demarcation supports the target- and needs-oriented customer approach and contributes to cooperative and successful project management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differentiation%20of%20customer%20types" title="differentiation of customer types">differentiation of customer types</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modular%20construction%20methods" title=" modular construction methods"> modular construction methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20construction%20methods" title=" conventional construction methods"> conventional construction methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotypical%20customer%20types" title=" stereotypical customer types"> stereotypical customer types</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152514/differentiation-of-customer-types-by-stereotypical-characteristics-for-modular-and-conventional-construction-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152514.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3887</span> A Study on Occupational Injuries among Building Construction Workers in Bhubaneswar City Odisha</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Pal">Rahul Pal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In India, construction industry plays a vital role in the development of infrastructures. It is one of the most hazardous industries. Construction workers are a group that is particularly vulnerable to health risks because they have few legal protection. India has the world’s highest accident rate among construction workers. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of occupation injury among construction workers and to find out the factors responsible for such injuries. Methodology: A cross-sectional study using a semi-structured questionnaire among 305 construction workers in Bhubaneswar city. In this study, it was found that the overall prevalence of injury was 43.28% in the previous one year period. Majority of the construction workers were less experience in the construction work. Factors responsible for injuries are fall of the object followed by striking, and majority of the workers reported their injuries to have occurred in the summer season. And most of the construction workers are not using personal protective equipment (PPE). Conclusion: Given the occupational injuries, the majority of the construction workers are injured in this study; there is a need to address this issue to ensure necessary step for the safety and well-being of construction workers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title="construction">construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20workers" title=" construction workers"> construction workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20injuries" title=" occupational injuries"> occupational injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personal%20protective%20equipment" title=" personal protective equipment"> personal protective equipment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103240/a-study-on-occupational-injuries-among-building-construction-workers-in-bhubaneswar-city-odisha" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3886</span> The Challenges for Engineers to Change the Construction Method in Brazil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20B.%20Cesarino">Yuri B. Cesarino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vin%C3%ADcius%20R.%20Domingues"> Vinícius R. Domingues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darym%20J.%20F.%20Campos"> Darym J. F. Campos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Developing countries have some restrains towards the adoption of new technologies and construction methods. Some nations, such as Brazil, still use conventional construction methodologies, knowing its lesser cost-effectiveness. This research has been conducted to demonstrate how industrialized construction methods should be implemented in Brazil, especially in times of need. Using the common sense among different authors with different perspectives, it is clear that the second method is more suitable for construction development because of its great advantages. However, it is unlikely for this process to be adopted in the country as a result of several social-economic restraints. Nonetheless, Brazilian engineers have a major challenge ahead of them, and it will take more than creativity to solve such an issue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brazilian%20engineers" title="Brazilian engineers">Brazilian engineers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20methods" title=" construction methods"> construction methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrialized%20construction" title=" industrialized construction"> industrialized construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52643/the-challenges-for-engineers-to-change-the-construction-method-in-brazil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52643.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3885</span> Efficient Management of Construction Logistics: A Challenge to Both Conventional and Technological Systems in the Developing Nations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuruddeen%20Usman">Nuruddeen Usman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Muhammad%20Ibrahim"> Ahmad Muhammad Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Management of construction logistics at construction sites becomes increasingly complex with rising construction volume, which made it relatively inefficient in the developing nations even with the technological advancement. The objective of this research is to conceptually synthesise the approaches and challenges befall in the course of construction logistic management, with the aim to proffer possible solution to it. Therefore, this study appraised the glitches associated with both conventional and technological methods of construction logistic management that result in its inefficiency. Thus, this investigation found that, both conventional and the technological issues were due to certain obstacles that affect the construction logistic management which resulted into delays, accidents, fraudulent activities, time and cost overrun. Therefore, this study has developed a framework that might bring a lasting solution to the challenges of construction logistic management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title="construction">construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional" title=" conventional"> conventional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic" title=" logistic"> logistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological" title=" technological"> technological</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14211/efficient-management-of-construction-logistics-a-challenge-to-both-conventional-and-technological-systems-in-the-developing-nations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14211.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3884</span> A Probability Analysis of Construction Project Schedule Using Risk Management Tool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20L.%20Agarwal">A. L. Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20A.%20Mahajan"> D. A. Mahajan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction industry tumbled along with other industry/sectors during recent economic crash. Construction business could not regain thereafter and still pass through slowdown phase, resulted many real estate as well as infrastructure projects not completed on schedule and within budget. There are many theories, tools, techniques with software packages available in the market to analyze construction schedule. This study focuses on the construction project schedule and uncertainties associated with construction activities. The infrastructure construction project has been considered for the analysis of uncertainty on project activities affecting project duration and analysis is done using @RISK software. Different simulation results arising from three probability distribution functions are compiled to benefit construction project managers to plan more realistic schedule of various construction activities as well as project completion to document in the contract and avoid compensations or claims arising out of missing the planned schedule. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20project" title="construction project">construction project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributions" title=" distributions"> distributions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20schedule" title=" project schedule"> project schedule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainty" title=" uncertainty"> uncertainty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59505/a-probability-analysis-of-construction-project-schedule-using-risk-management-tool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3883</span> A Review of the Factors Causing Cost Overrun in Construction Projects in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaleem%20Ullah">Kaleem Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Halid%20Bin%20Abdullah"> Abd Halid Bin Abdullah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines previous literature on cost overrun in construction projects with the specific aim of determining the frequently observed causes of cost overruns in Malaysian construction projects. Cost overrun is one of the major problems in construction projects. Cost overrun is frequently observed in almost every construction projects. This cost overrun in construction projects occurs due to various reasons and many researchers have carried out various studies to identify the cause factors of this issue. The causes of construction cost overrun could vary from country to country because of the difference in political, economic, social and environmental conditions. Likewise, other countries construction projects in Malaysia have also the issue of cost overrun. The concept of cost overrun in construction projects has attracted much attention in recent years and researches are trying to understand the causes of these overruns and their effects to the construction industry as whole. This paper review various research studies carried out in Malaysia which surveyed the cost performance and cause factors of cost overruns in construction projects in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cause%20of%20cost%20overrun" title="cause of cost overrun">cause of cost overrun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20overrun" title=" cost overrun"> cost overrun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20industry%20in%20Malaysia" title=" construction industry in Malaysia"> construction industry in Malaysia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effects%20of%20cost%20overrun" title=" effects of cost overrun"> effects of cost overrun</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44973/a-review-of-the-factors-causing-cost-overrun-in-construction-projects-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44973.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3882</span> BIM Model and Virtual Prototyping in Construction Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samar%20Alkindy">Samar Alkindy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The BIM model has been used to support the planning of different construction projects in the industry by showing the different stages of the construction process. The model has been instrumental in identifying some of the common errors in the construction process through the spatial arrangement. The continuous use of the BIM model in the construction industry has resulted in various radical changes such as virtual prototyping. Construction virtual prototyping is a highly advanced technology that incorporates a BIM model with realistic graphical simulations, and facilitates the simulation of the project before a product is built in the factory. The paper presents virtual prototyping in the construction industry by examining its application, challenges and benefits to a construction project. Methodology approach: A case study was conducted for this study in four major construction projects, which incorporate virtual construction prototyping in several stages of the construction project. Furthermore, there was the administration of interviews with the project manager and engineer and the planning manager. Findings: Data collected from the methodological approach shows a positive response for virtual construction prototyping in construction, especially concerning communication and visualization. Furthermore, the use of virtual prototyping has increased collaboration and efficiency between construction experts handling a project. During the planning stage, virtual prototyping has increased accuracy, reduced planning time, and reduced the amount of rework during the implementation stage. Irrespective of virtual prototyping being a new concept in the construction industry, the findings outline that the approach will benefit the management of construction projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20operations" title="construction operations">construction operations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20planning" title=" construction planning"> construction planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20simulation" title=" process simulation"> process simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20prototyping" title=" virtual prototyping"> virtual prototyping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143753/bim-model-and-virtual-prototyping-in-construction-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3881</span> Construction 4.0: The Future of the Construction Industry in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temidayo.%20O.%20Osunsanmi">Temidayo. O. Osunsanmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clinton%20Aigbavboa"> Clinton Aigbavboa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayodeji%20Oke"> Ayodeji Oke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction industry is a renowned latecomer to the efficiency offered by the adoption of information technology. Whereas, the banking, manufacturing, retailing industries have keyed into the future by using digitization and information technology as a new approach for ensuring competitive gain and efficiency. The construction industry has yet to fully realize similar benefits because the adoption of ICT is still at the infancy stage with a major concentration on the use of software. Thus, this study evaluates the awareness and readiness of construction professionals towards embracing a full digitalization of the construction industry using construction 4.0. The term ‘construction 4.0’ was coined from the industry 4.0 concept which is regarded as the fourth industrial revolution that originated from Germany. A questionnaire was utilized for sourcing data distributed to practicing construction professionals through a convenience sampling method. Using SPSS v24, the hypotheses posed were tested with the Mann Whitney test. The result revealed that there are no differences between the consulting and contracting organizations on the readiness for adopting construction 4.0 concepts in the construction industry. Using factor analysis, the study discovers that adopting construction 4.0 will improve the performance of the construction industry regarding cost and time savings and also create sustainable buildings. In conclusion, the study determined that construction professionals have a low awareness towards construction 4.0 concepts. The study recommends an increase in awareness of construction 4.0 concepts through seminars, workshops and training, while construction professionals should take hold of the benefits of adopting construction 4.0 concepts. The study contributes to the roadmap for the implementation of construction industry 4.0 concepts in the South African construction industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20information%20technology" title="building information technology">building information technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Construction%204.0" title=" Construction 4.0"> Construction 4.0</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Industry%204.0" title=" Industry 4.0"> Industry 4.0</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20site" title=" smart site"> smart site</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85333/construction-40-the-future-of-the-construction-industry-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3880</span> Causes of Construction Delays in Qatar Construction Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Gunduz">Murat Gunduz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohanad%20H.%20A.%20AbuHassan"> Mohanad H. A. AbuHassan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction industry mainly focuses on the superstructure, infrastructure, and oil and gas industry. The development of infrastructure projects in developing countries attracted a lot of foreign construction contractors, consultants, suppliers and diversified workforce to interfere and to be evolved in such huge investment. Reducing worksite delays in such projects require knowledge and attention. Therefore, it is important to identify the influencing delay attributes affecting construction projects. The significant project factors affecting construction delays were investigated. Data collection was carried out through an online web survey system to capture significant factors. Significant factors were determined with importance index and relevant recommendations are made. The output of the data analysis would lead the industry experts better assess the impact of construction delays on construction projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20industry" title="construction industry">construction industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delays" title=" delays"> delays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=importance%20index" title=" importance index"> importance index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20index" title=" frequency index"> frequency index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48492/causes-of-construction-delays-in-qatar-construction-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3879</span> Assessing Indicators, Challenges and Benefits of Sustainable Procurement in Construction Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taha%20Anjamrooz">Taha Anjamrooz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sareh%20Rajabi"> Sareh Rajabi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salwa%20Bheiry"> Salwa Bheiry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Procurement is a key process in construction project management. The present construction procurement practices have been extensively analyzed for disregarding sustainability in the project life cycle. Currently, there is a gap of information on status-quo of sustainable procurement in construction field. Thus, the aim of this study is to review sustainable procurement practices in the construction field. Disregard of three sustainability pillars is one of the major drawbacks of present construction procurement practices. Sustainable procurement is a developing idea that can enhance procurement practices and improve the sustainability performance of the construction projects. At present, sustainable procurement is still not entirely used in the construction projects. A comprehensive literature review indicated that the construction industry is still not entirely informed about the benefits and challenges of using sustainable procurement, and about important indicators that play major impacts on those benefits and challenges. This study assesses the major indicator, benefits and challenges encountered in applying sustainable procurement in the construction industry. In addition, this study investigates understanding of construction professionals on the benefits and challenges of utilizing sustainable procurement for construction projects through selected indicators that are categorized according to society and community needs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20procurement" title=" sustainable procurement"> sustainable procurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=procurement" title=" procurement"> procurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20industry" title=" construction industry"> construction industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128125/assessing-indicators-challenges-and-benefits-of-sustainable-procurement-in-construction-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128125.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3878</span> Production and Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimira%20Vytlacilova">Vladimira Vytlacilova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recycling of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and their new reuse in structures is one of the solutions of environmental problems. Construction and demolition waste creates a major portion of total solid waste production in the world and most of it is used in landfills all the time. The paper deals with the situation of the recycling of the building and demolition waste in the Czech Republic during the recent years. The paper is dealing with questions of C&D waste recycling, it also characterizes construction and demolition waste in general, furthermore it analyses production of construction waste and subsequent production of recycled materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Construction%20and%20demolition%20waste" title=" Construction and demolition waste"> Construction and demolition waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Recycled%20rubble" title=" Recycled rubble"> Recycled rubble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waste%20management" title=" Waste management"> Waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9598/production-and-recycling-of-construction-and-demolition-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3877</span> Text2Time: Transformer-Based Article Time Period Prediction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karthick%20Prasad%20Gunasekaran">Karthick Prasad Gunasekaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Chase%20Babrich"> B. Chase Babrich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saurabh%20Shirodkar"> Saurabh Shirodkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hee%20Hwang"> Hee Hwang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction preparation is crucial for the success of a construction project. By involving project participants early in the construction phase, project managers can plan ahead and resolve issues early, resulting in project success and satisfaction. This study uses quantitative data from construction management projects to determine the relationship between the pre-construction phase, construction schedule, and customer satisfaction. This study examined a total of 65 construction projects and 93 clients per job to (a) identify the relationship between the pre-construction phase and program reduction and (b) the pre-construction phase and customer retention. Based on a quantitative analysis, this study found a negative correlation between pre-construction status and project schedule in 65 construction projects. This finding means that the more preparatory work done on a particular project, the shorter the total construction time. The Net Promoter Score of 93 clients from 65 projects was then used to determine the relationship between construction preparation and client satisfaction. The pre-construction status and the projects were further analyzed, and a positive correlation between them was found. This shows that customers are happier with projects with a higher ready-to-build ratio than projects with less ready-to-build. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NLP" title="NLP">NLP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BERT" title=" BERT"> BERT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LLM" title=" LLM"> LLM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166130/text2time-transformer-based-article-time-period-prediction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3876</span> Stabilized Earth Roads Construction and Its Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtar%20Nikgoo">Mokhtar Nikgoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road definition and road construction: in engineering literature, a road is defined as a means of communication between two different places by air, land, and sea. In this way, all sea, land, and air routes are considered as roads. Road construction is an operation to create a road on the ground between 2 points with a specified width, which includes works such as subgrade, paving, placing tables, and traffic signs on the road. In this article, the stages of road construction are explained from the beginning to the end. Road construction is generally done in the construction of rural, urban, and inter-city roads, and according to the special conditions of this area, the precision of engineers in its design and calculations is very important. For example, if the design of a road does not pay enough attention to the way the road curves, there will undoubtedly be countless accidents. Also, adjusting the road surface and its durability and uniformity are among the things that engineers solve according to the upcoming obstacles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction" title="road construction">road construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surveying" title=" surveying"> surveying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeway" title=" freeway"> freeway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement" title=" pavement"> pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excavator" title=" excavator"> excavator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173669/stabilized-earth-roads-construction-and-its-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3875</span> Modern Work Modules in Construction Practice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20Becker">Robin Becker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nane%20Roetmann"> Nane Roetmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manfred%20Helmus"> Manfred Helmus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction companies lack junior staff for construction management. According to a nationwide survey of students, however, the profession lacks attractiveness. The conflict between the traditional job profile and the current desires of junior staff for contemporary and flexible working models must be resolved. Increasing flexibility is essential for the future viability of small and medium-sized enterprises. The implementation of modern work modules can help here. The following report will present the validation results of the developed work modules in construction practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modern%20construction%20management" title="modern construction management">modern construction management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20industry" title=" construction industry"> construction industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20modules" title=" work modules"> work modules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shortage%20of%20junior%20staff" title=" shortage of junior staff"> shortage of junior staff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20personnel%20management" title=" sustainable personnel management"> sustainable personnel management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=making%20construction%20management%20more%20attractive" title=" making construction management more attractive"> making construction management more attractive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20time%20model" title=" working time model"> working time model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170352/modern-work-modules-in-construction-practice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3874</span> Comprehensive Risk Assessment Model in Agile Construction Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jolanta%20Tamo%C5%A1aitien%C4%97">Jolanta Tamošaitienė</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article focuses on a developed comprehensive model to be used in an agile environment for the risk assessment and selection based on multi-attribute methods. The model is based on a multi-attribute evaluation of risk in construction, and the determination of their optimality criterion values are calculated using complex Multiple Criteria Decision-Making methods. The model may be further applied to risk assessment in an agile construction environment. The attributes of risk in a construction project are selected by applying the risk assessment condition to the construction sector, and the construction process efficiency in the construction industry accounts for the agile environment. The paper presents the comprehensive risk assessment model in an agile construction environment. It provides a background and a description of the proposed model and the developed analysis of the comprehensive risk assessment model in an agile construction environment with the criteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title="assessment">assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agile" title=" agile"> agile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84304/comprehensive-risk-assessment-model-in-agile-construction-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3873</span> The Emergence of Construction Mafia in South Africa: The Implication on the Construction Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thandokazi%20Nyangiwe">Thandokazi Nyangiwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Amoah"> Christopher Amoah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20P.%20Mukumba"> Charles P. Mukumba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The South African construction sector is threatened by emerging black business forums called construction mafias. The emergence of the construction mafia has culminated in the disruptions and abandonment of construction sites resulting in the loss of jobs for construction workers. The paper examines the origin of construction mafias and their impact on the construction sector, including the potential ways to cope with their operations. A qualitative research approach was adopted for this study using open-ended interview questions to gather information from 30 key construction industry stakeholders, including contractors, subcontractors, consultants, and the construction project communities. Content and thematic analysis were used to analyse the data collected. The findings suggest that most participants do not fully understand the existence and operations of construction mafias in the construction industry. Construction mafias claim to be part of the local business forums. They disrupt construction projects and demand a certain amount, usually 30% of the construction value. Construction mafias frequently resort to intimidation and violence if their demands are unmet. Their operations have resulted in delayed completion of construction projects, abandonment of projects, and loss of income for the contractor and jobs for the construction workers. The interviews were limited to construction stakeholders. Because of the nature of the mafias’ operations, they could not be accessed for interviews for fear of being identified because of the connotation attached to their role as construction mafias. Construction project owners face disruptions of projects resulting in loss of equipment, materials, and income. Therefore, there is a need to sensitise the construction stakeholders in the construction industry regarding the existence and operations of the construction mafia and the implications on construction project performance and delivery. The findings will give insight into the operations of the construction mafias in the South African construction industry, which has caused disruptions in construction project sites. Stakeholders must find solutions to address the construction mafias’ disruptive actions on construction projects. The study presents an initial inquiry that will come up with how to manage and cope with the growing operations of construction mafias in the South African construction industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20business%20forums" title="black business forums">black business forums</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20mafia" title=" construction mafia"> construction mafia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergence" title=" emergence"> emergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implication" title=" implication"> implication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155876/the-emergence-of-construction-mafia-in-south-africa-the-implication-on-the-construction-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155876.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">134</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3872</span> Delivery of Sustainable Construction in South Africa – Assessing the Roles of Organisational Leadership</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayodeji%20Emmanuel%20Oke">Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathew%20O.%20Ikuabe"> Mathew O. Ikuabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clinton%20O.%20Aigbavboa"> Clinton O. Aigbavboa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Douglas%20O.%20Aghimien"> Douglas O. Aghimien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The call for sustainable construction has received significant drive in recent time considering the overwhelming impacts of its adoption. However, not much has been deliberated on this subject with regards to the roles of organisational leadership in delivering sustainable construction. To this end, the study empirically scrutinised the roles of organisational leadership in delivering sustainable construction. The study adopted a quantitative approach while construction professionals formed the population of the study. A well-articulated questionnaire was used in eliciting responses from the respondents, while appropriate methods of data analysis were used. Findings from the study depicted that the major role of organisational leadership in the delivery of sustainable construction is acting as sustainability integrators. Equally revealed are the internal and external factors affecting organisational leadership in delivering sustainable construction. The study concluded by emphasizing the core roles for delivering sustainable construction by organisational leadership and further recommended that sustainable construction should serve as a prominent and focal organisation goal by organisational leadership when steering the organisation towards meeting its objectives <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organisational%20leadership" title="organisational leadership">organisational leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20delivery" title=" project delivery"> project delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roles" title=" roles"> roles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20construction" title=" sustainable construction"> sustainable construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144045/delivery-of-sustainable-construction-in-south-africa-assessing-the-roles-of-organisational-leadership" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3871</span> Time Overrun in Pre-Construction Planning Phase of Construction Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Usama%20Imad">Hafiz Usama Imad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Akram%20Akhund"> Muhammad Akram Akhund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tauha%20Hussain%20Ali"> Tauha Hussain Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Raza%20Khoso"> Ali Raza Khoso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fida%20Hussain%20Siddiqui"> Fida Hussain Siddiqui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction industry plays a significant role in fulfilling the major requirements of the human being. It is one of the major constituents of every developed country. Although the construction industry of both the developing and developed countries encompasses a major part of the economy, and millions of rupees are utilized every year on various kinds of construction projects. But, this industry is facing numerous hurdles in terms of its budget and timely completion. Construction projects generally consist of several phases like planning, designing, execution, and finishing. This research study aims to determine the significant factors of time overrun in pre-construction planning (PCP) phase of construction projects in Pakistan. Questionnaires were distributed by various means and responses of respondents were compiled and collected data were then analyzed through a statistical technique using SPSS version 24. Major causes of time overrun in pre-construction planning phase; which is an extremely important phase of construction projects, were revealed. The research conclusion will provide a pathway for stakeholders to pay attention to the mentioned causes to overcome the major issue of time overrun. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20industry" title="construction industry">construction industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-construction%20planning%20phase" title=" pre-construction planning phase"> pre-construction planning phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20overrun" title=" time overrun"> time overrun</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98799/time-overrun-in-pre-construction-planning-phase-of-construction-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3870</span> A Prediction of Electrical Cost for High-Rise Building Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Picha%20Sriprachan">Picha Sriprachan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in electricity prices affects the cost of high-rise building construction. The objectives of this research are to study the electrical cost, trend of electrical cost and to forecast electrical cost of high-rise building construction. The methods of this research are: 1) to study electrical payment formats, cost data collection methods, and the factors affecting electrical cost of high-rise building construction, 2) to study the quantity and trend of cumulative percentage of the electrical cost, and 3) to forecast the electrical cost for different types of high-rise buildings. The results of this research show that the average proportion between electrical cost and the value of the construction project is 0.87 percent. The proportion of electrical cost for residential, office and commercial, and hotel buildings are closely proportional. If construction project value increases, the proportion of electrical cost and the value of the construction project will decrease. However, there is a relationship between the amount of electrical cost and the value of the construction project. During the structural construction phase, the amount of electrical cost will increase and during structural and architectural construction phase, electrical cost will be maximum. The cumulative percentage of the electrical cost is related to the cumulative percentage of the high-rise building construction cost in the same direction. The amount of service space of the building, number of floors and the duration of the construction affect the electrical cost of construction. The electrical cost of construction forecasted by using linear regression equation is close to the electrical cost forecasted by using the proportion of electrical cost and value of the project. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-rise%20building%20construction" title="high-rise building construction">high-rise building construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20cost" title=" electrical cost"> electrical cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20phase" title=" construction phase"> construction phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20phase" title=" architectural phase"> architectural phase</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9483/a-prediction-of-electrical-cost-for-high-rise-building-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3869</span> Assessing the Influence of Using Traditional Methods of Construction on Cost and Quality of Building Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musoke%20Ivan">Musoke Ivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birungi%20Racheal"> Birungi Racheal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction trend is characterized by increased use of modern methods yet traditional methods are cheaper in terms of costs, in addition to the benefits it offers to the construction sector, like providing more jobs that could have been worked with the intensive machines. The purpose of this research was to assess the influence of using Traditional methods of construction (TMC) on the costs and quality of building structures and determine the different ways. Traditional methods of construction (TMC) can be applicable and integrated into the construction trend, and propose ways how this can be a success. The study adopted a quantitative method approach targeting various construction professionals like Architects, Quantity surveyors, Engineers, and Construction Managers. Questionnaires and analyses of literature were used to obtain research data and findings. Simple random sampling was used to select 40 construction professionals to which questionnaires were administered. The data was then analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The findings of the research indicate that Traditional methods of construction (TMCs) in Uganda are cheaper in terms of costs, but the quality is still low. This is attributed to a lack of skilled labour and efficient supervision while undertaking tasks leading to low quality. The study identifies strategies that would improve Traditional methods of construction (TMC), which include the employment of skilled manpower and effective supervision. It also identifies the need by stakeholders like the government, clients, and professionals to appreciate Traditional methods of construction (TMCs) and allow for a levelled ground for Traditional Methods of Construction and Modern methods of construction (MMCs). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20methods%20of%20construction" title="traditional methods of construction">traditional methods of construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integration" title=" integration"> integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost" title=" cost"> cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179242/assessing-the-influence-of-using-traditional-methods-of-construction-on-cost-and-quality-of-building-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3868</span> Construction Project Planning Using Fuzzy Critical Path Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20M.%20Aldenali">Omar M. Aldenali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Planning is one of the most important phases of the management science and network planning, which represents the project activities relationship. Critical path is one of the project management techniques used to plan and control the execution of a project activities. The objective of this paper is to implement a fuzzy logic approach to arrange network planning on construction projects. This method is used to finding out critical path in the fuzzy construction project network. The trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are used to represent the activity construction project times. A numerical example that represents a house construction project is introduced. The critical path method is implemented on the fuzzy construction network activities, and the results showed that this method significantly affects the completion time of the construction projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20project" title="construction project">construction project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=critical%20path" title=" critical path"> critical path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20network%20project" title=" fuzzy network project"> fuzzy network project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning" title=" planning"> planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111693/construction-project-planning-using-fuzzy-critical-path-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3867</span> Using Wearable Technology to Monitor Workers’ Stress for Construction Safety: A Conceptual Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Namhun%20Lee">Namhun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seong%20Jin%20Kim"> Seong Jin Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction industry represents one of the largest industries in the United States, yet it continues to face several occupational health and safety challenges. Many workers on construction sites are suffering from extended exposure to stressful situations such as poor and hazardous work environments and task complexity. Stress can be commonly defined as a feeling of emotional or physical tension, which can easily impact construction safety and result in a higher rate of job-related injuries in the construction industry. Physiological signals transmitted from wearable biosensors can be used to detect excessive stress. Therefore, workers’ stress should be detected and mitigated to prevent any type of serious incident or accident proactively. By doing this, construction productivity, as well as job satisfaction, would also be improved in the construction industry. To establish a foundation in this field of research, a conceptual framework for using wearable technology for construction safety has been developed for continuous and automatic monitoring of worker’s stress. The conceptual framework will serve as a foothold in future studies on the application of wearable technology for construction safety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20safety" title="construction safety">construction safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20stress" title=" occupational stress"> occupational stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20monitoring" title=" stress monitoring"> stress monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wearable%20biosensors" title=" wearable biosensors"> wearable biosensors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136006/using-wearable-technology-to-monitor-workers-stress-for-construction-safety-a-conceptual-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3866</span> Uptake of Off-Site Construction: Benefit and Future Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Alazzaz">Faisal Alazzaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20Whyte"> Andrew Whyte</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Off-site construction methods have played an important role in the construction sector in the past few decades. It is increasingly becoming a major alternative technique and strategic direction compared to traditional in-situ method. It produces a significant amount of value for the construction industry and the economy more generally. To date, an impressive number of studies have been lunched on the perceived perception of off-site construction. However, it seems that a quantifying benefit on the offsite construction area is lacking. Therefore, this paper examines the recent research literature on the benefits of off- site construction and provides future direction. In the beginning, this paper provides a brief history and current value of the off-site construction followed by a detailed discussion on the benefit of off-site construction. These benefits include but not limited to time saving, quality improvement, relieving skills shortages, cost reduction and productivity improvement. Toward this end, off-site construction should learn from other productive industry similar to services or manufacturing industry by applying operational management tools and techniques with extensive focus on employee empowerment will shed the light on future uptake of Off-site construction. This study is of value in providing scholars have a clear picture of perceived benefit of off-site construction research and give an opportunities for future uptake of off-site method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20projects" title="building projects">building projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employer%20empowerment" title=" employer empowerment"> employer empowerment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=off-site%20construction%20benefits" title=" off-site construction benefits"> off-site construction benefits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17493/uptake-of-off-site-construction-benefit-and-future-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3865</span> Labour-saving Construction Using Buildability Framework through Strengthening Designers in Delivering More Buildable Designs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Lawal%20A.">Muhammad Lawal A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullateef%20Abdulkarim%20Jimoh"> Abdullateef Abdulkarim Jimoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study is to appraise the labour-saving construction methods achievable using a buildability framework through an improved design system. Adoption of labour-efficient technology and construction techniques will be necessary to supplement good buildable designs. Increased usage of prefabricated, modular, and standardized construction components, simplicity in the design, and the number of integrated elements all work to advance buildable design. The objectives of the study include `determining a more efficient buildability framework for designers to achieve labour-saving construction’. 20 completed building projects in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, is used as a case study to buttress the proposition that `a more buildable design using buildability frame result in labour-saving in construction adopting a Singapore study approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buildability%20framework" title="buildability framework">buildability framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buildable%20designs" title=" buildable designs"> buildable designs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title=" construction"> construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=labour-saving%20construction" title=" labour-saving construction"> labour-saving construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161508/labour-saving-construction-using-buildability-framework-through-strengthening-designers-in-delivering-more-buildable-designs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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