CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134b0fd6b34fe0c',cH: 'KP6hTcebWw26kYx1V9dPL1xwBMKeheR4W_.yyaRh4Oc-1739783920-1.2.1.1-.AUGuIR7.TjepMZYc.cpa6WI235EDXnfJGCrz2ZU.FcJxgivTCtLLWc7nRwYgZp8',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=woody%20plant%20encroachment&__cf_chl_tk=meZKgVR_6ShxsRwspNNmGwk7hK_gFflcd8cue8iLUZQ-1739783920-1.0.1.1-vma3otgPBEcCavPYD6VpwcO5m9SkgEN747XZ0_fhpkY",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783920',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=woody%20plant%20encroachment&__cf_chl_f_tk=meZKgVR_6ShxsRwspNNmGwk7hK_gFflcd8cue8iLUZQ-1739783920-1.0.1.1-vma3otgPBEcCavPYD6VpwcO5m9SkgEN747XZ0_fhpkY",md: "8MI1kWeFwg3.FrZPuorhTh1aO3EODJuVYQ3MuBKfHmg-1739783920-1.2.1.1-z4pg3elf4OYEm1poa1O655oojUEsJEzcBi3jFEczFDxs4hZVN4c7hEC2e14o8c_U3tmk2.6g3zT6bFanmS38z9LTBL2SjXibPxsOUDNhUPyXH86O.VomzoZRanqn6d5YWno0_PyuScMqhiLsp1JmxprDfkzu4lO0cVs6OTGmJhzwt80a5K5an_SaUPp8uaDX9KpS4zgm5CXDu3_Qxd3zFBG5BOVojWHAWgjVOLX0rD3mj4LyaxFzMTx2JaNsWN5bS4dfFAV6eFYCdOSpdUDRzDKk08t4LbqpnTfJQRefxo3CZjr7KJgoVTABwzU6LpNAoIS0sXQQNnz.I.gBvEu3.v42jsg_jlrxZjZ2gFpFT55NDMDBX1pNRExEuVEqhLlOnqjJmZGnlBaxfNPFvnaligrsK0F.xwv.QbkpIhHM0daZ9aHcCNvy0Sed9ulz7PxZZeZr4YRtqomvYaEGOZbvd56NWS47kgITPcdlA1g0tRL.7oNAsdL4UAMhO4cc_qJa1fFTJbyaM319R827HoUkiqWGNBH6IhBhhu8SaHKw0FSP8B_T2hD6bsJIpGh3rzHfv.0tWYMTYFnmf8noiqoL4J1Q01I66IfyGBFQSjRcSqYF9ePuFyM4FZFzwbZQYLeARW373LbGj0YdDqyABtWP_XuedRgKc36Xb9dqXWVeaF4OvO5HDQ2gmiHaMi2utcl5NOzXvLLZn1vTCw.hdlrpx_PzINmGPmg8N75H.F6FBrdl.DUsdXobpiT1m0iC5j9aZ2HScyyLam1lYAzLs.KWdqm6WnQW4Jp07CBNbtAwL3Oo6MGYKn6b_vzyN6lZd.g1U2H0r20j4TSwlUjOZw9oElDRIaudt29Nl42.bvN.3h7Qw20UQyzMA1nU8WKUZxvajrDXhywzhab2V_YaKmFDUFy4zFnBdmFHR3hvQwRcY6p8Pi7Pp7ljifYgpg2CRKBwx8pbPbkJFu3gLlDOSYYFLDAwfyBqsV0Rs9Cac8TK_o8LZyWzYZPV2XAyw5OjRmMP0NJboaSCnVm2uFJ5fmj_MndDZgRhzoToY4kbtXww0kclxOALvpyNScTfX5DjFRZyO28IIhVB1CLOgSGtFcuuJ_JNeZJeGaREqVhLMJziRoToNcLi.sF5A7EHEJX9XuXl7zHNXM.8792I8dTwymBxfUgHUHvnYiw7Ct32qOTDG03.b__9gBek1ui46Iht3vcrRjhF5PMlNyomGGsGyehnSe6MHgasT2IbGbuQMnn4RT9dZBSPl4pDNEm3PdUv9YX1elUBolWvFgqISorYay4xO4BQStTUWOVTxTBGZw87TooFASPB9TUjfSHsFmVE2ckkYYj0MduocdaezN3y7NKeJ2Ht.ncVAbJPQZaUFO3IWsr.MW3qx3R2aVBoRJP0.xHUZfsgb.VwtiR6Q.yJKIuaKRGs3p0LQRzcjDRQQ7UeZ6r5OMCM3dgT6WSksl.Hgu6kpe3Y9tlgFQiD6Y110cjc1HnuokMEZFEpO6CYmbIJSPf90VWrPKxUmlK4PIv0Wyas6.c_JvLGqZGPWxZlKBeNeq54J12_iAxLefxDbAyMIPkgDhUk4VwYUYv_SLLE.p5.d1EvfjsRNMMxAWRSjB97XL3u7V0hg11HuRBVPCgkt_2eCAgR8Dn9UUzFFYvR0g5RWMmJImuaeMx9geGvjPrmaEkGl8yy8sqAs7CU_2CxOIMevVVNIRT28P9namBctVv3T9o2K5HhDY1.oIbG.TA.cJl5HyQ9rCj883SpCqCf7uwMMuogWPkTDOvOkU38KlLPYK.b4jMeNLtw9eAz4.rkTMWO_s8rgiNmbdZSbN4rSF8L1HX6GyU5e4OEBVD8wbubGzTtkVsERkJAjvgKFxJWU9C_NQRxrTshXhsUHvtg_8KkQbNkliAB7EZgY5Qm.AJjot.njaTLVVd1Z3b4oBO6laHqk3LhJwvEAIPCyyiijblS4w7prLMsEJh4GF8ese.6",mdrd: "yJW3z06HvoeUN5VGczn_YaoCW0KNauuNkTvhgoAA7Gs-1739783920-1.2.1.1-LYXoZKf46.emoNUUuor5o8DpViikW0Qh6XOKUwnBumZ5r6vxBkEQRxFrWGc5LrLW_yuGX2NjK52Oj72pT94lvdmfNx4g3fREJKKboq6_Plir6f6PphfRujlpeGmE6Uc0P5v2sEx6MieWW9oV8ymBAS7utsCtAZlJd_S8kief3gIYIIANx0vRX6TUE2hJzWVE4wq6vMTs.rHPRnIKWj.vKl8tLLEf8nBBb4HzQahg.Pyqtc0qxGW1DFdo4iAHq0GOn15mrvTtW.VJWeBSIwaX5RB9sAUSvvhFXXjgqQ3LbsCg5JT1jZQCmvE2yHPOsjjH9ym5gpK6.0Elx4o6u6RNb4ax5ozw8HUcer4.SUDKcVlGLmXWE_6CSrD.neudBBkYncrKURVodCHcZOS4gkL2HKA_Nok_ITKiJ01XWWZjzHg65WYeagrym_IfWlIrWsvQidS6DqcoRzFWkulepcVsqn0PrLRe6lFm2DX8rC.RobEu_75r4FhXnR7sqzo2yGxPtIDeSjc7GvLI2bBfo8R3J.EzzoHrAadXCPYz72ZN0sqE3PlDVu86KKG.8wEd4FPRzacZBw_ZfbfymNFcpsJB8yYdKixxAP1xZgaCKA.Vct35TbyOtPwuCWz9eIgK0H2lW29CbQwNIy4MgbOqa5jPaPhEWb0u6eOKYkpXXPd5lHh1i2M0oxSIH7zSo.MR9Wy80dP1IqLVn332rXHFmOSDgBmK0V0NPQ8yG8zBN_uoXdlBHzmK7SbRbossuqDWJ4reCx0uICNMv73zwzgahxGDKPvSjzmMBLrN_XdRU2girrqXFYG26eCRf2.ZsSnr_FA0NKmgSSQndmsRx6UoaAok4WBnHbyDPoP0LoP5Ch2zj2tWfVK56WTK2fMLLB2.yZTCVC92YYVSNaK0vC4.71p881Zv..bnFuDBXOHVSDMFg7tG7m.jvp3VuYbxfjsXAVQzEYnH9zjiQu4Zr2TtxLtr1bBjU8Nn_QAdFaTZ8xjIcDL2N6DZjYuZaZeTVFAZZP9.oxhkbakTV.zlZ9rQfxgr_Iem9VYhax6P_aPSPVfwFB9pLlsZiyL3cTawcrMPUy3qt6u6xUIYU6GbrB4UoUPB8_bjhsNUzBKyuU5R7DMz8lNRuWNCnMusdgVawLvA9dKMzvik9GtkbAyyah_Sf.nPS8pjcJu8XWSa7xd1mPw58U5vfzr0Z0dejkdv0_kgd_LG6EmC8P78vxWvgJ7XV0tbYlf2eZPJNk8mMl4omji1ZHbs6v23dk0ueQMtDOYmqgJ_M6SvsuihSJp.Y3vwfFllJsAnTVZzm0Jy2yfRPmio96Fnu_oJlQxKMssPrl1QnBYHEy3goJHl02urlF63k9yOHZkRFh5dCwCJ2Ko.Icn8LVthrEGT5surELALEyeoaW7rp_9InOS74hXAb3DrE2_FnRPrih1c.YHoYjMfufy75OQh09r_rAiWEWmUbtCsZnqFYxn28IM5Si06za2GyLv8Nb1KE7ghStag8gVwunxKziRWWM1R3z6adc_mumgI50qVG_W4g1jFZl.TzBF1617uXpbY7ejrNW.gkOpyBrhyfK5tD4BL7T8u0Fkv6V_QEOsD4ySdNkrn7Eel_CwdLACm_2wd8ICkuJqmY0YejUTIUKOD6XVniZLFoOVpkQnZQm7LQgXoGel9fwWQrQlQxd8mERjzLGkksRwWn.digLWMGKZDwYjGjPOQZdM.K20ZIq4F3.4G04S0H_RrLsv3DzsR4ODkPj_wQCtbo66q3rkD6EhlRUx4JxZXYM7F9CG8ymyfLN6ycHjkK5TYBBfLjemlsF018UMWTUiWM20xmjrr7AJuQX7M0zVYhwq3sLbrdtwMEi29zmtcRtIDxcR8AhUGY4ui2S0pAWbf4ZImeuPBj.v9ujspA3Uhgd5AhJoyRwnIauxIoh7vonCzKPrSyoEjV0f98Qsy5qmMGEWDnd0rN2MsYeLyqhsoMNXMnfiagHwkvENgIfRzRxibGYng7Q.dP1iiXMEvIBjUp6BpipPDLlg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134b0fd6b34fe0c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=woody%20plant%20encroachment&__cf_chl_rt_tk=meZKgVR_6ShxsRwspNNmGwk7hK_gFflcd8cue8iLUZQ-1739783920-1.0.1.1-vma3otgPBEcCavPYD6VpwcO5m9SkgEN747XZ0_fhpkY" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>