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class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Secretary of Christian Democracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secretary_of_Christian_Democracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_term_as_prime_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_term_as_prime_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>First term as prime minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_term_as_prime_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interior_Minister_and_assassination_attempt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interior_Minister_and_assassination_attempt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Interior Minister and assassination attempt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interior_Minister_and_assassination_attempt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_term_as_prime_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_term_as_prime_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Second term as prime minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_term_as_prime_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_premiership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_premiership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>After the premiership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_premiership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Death and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mariano Rumor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ماريانو رومور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماريانو رومور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Марыяна Румор – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марыяна Румор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81" title="Μαριάνο Ρούμορ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαριάνο Ρούμορ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ماریانو رومور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماریانو رومور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8" title="מריאנו רומור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מריאנו רומור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianus_Rumor" title="Marianus Rumor – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Marianus Rumor" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ماريانو رومور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماريانو رومور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="マリアーノ・ルモール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マリアーノ・ルモール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Румор, Мариано – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Румор, Мариано" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Мариану Румор – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мариану Румор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Маріано Румор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Маріано Румор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rumor" title="Mariano Rumor – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mariano Rumor" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian politician and statesman (1915–1990)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Mariano Rumor</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mariano_Rumor_daticamera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Mariano_Rumor_daticamera.jpg" decoding="async" width="203" height="270" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="270" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />8 July 1973 – 23 November 1974</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Giovanni Leone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />13 December 1968 – 6 August 1970</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Giuseppe Saragat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_De_Martino" title="Francesco De Martino">Francesco De Martino</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Paolo Emilio Taviani</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Giovanni Leone</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Emilio Colombo</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_the_Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of secretaries of the Christian Democracy (Italy)">Secretary of Christian Democracy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />27 January 1964 – 19 January 1969</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Aldo Moro</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flaminio_Piccoli" title="Flaminio Piccoli">Flaminio Piccoli</a> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-bottom:-.65em; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Ministerial offices </div></th> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Italy)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Italy)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 November 1974 – 29 July 1976</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Aldo Moro</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Aldo Moro</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Arnaldo Forlani</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Interior_(Italy)" title="Minister of the Interior (Italy)">Minister of the Interior</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 February 1972 – 8 July 1973</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Giulio Andreotti</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Restivo" title="Franco Restivo">Franco Restivo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Paolo Emilio Taviani</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 June 1963 – 4 December 1963</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Giovanni Leone</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Paolo Emilio Taviani</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Paolo Emilio Taviani</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture_(Italy)" title="Minister of Agriculture (Italy)">Minister of Agriculture</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 February 1959 – 21 June 1963</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Antonio Segni</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Tambroni" title="Fernando Tambroni">Fernando Tambroni</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Amintore Fanfani</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Mario Ferrari Aggradi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Mattarella" title="Bernardo Mattarella">Bernardo Mattarella</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Secretary of the Council of Ministers (Italy)">Secretary of the Council of Ministers</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 January 1954 – 10 February 1954</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Amintore Fanfani</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Giulio Andreotti</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Luigi_Scalfaro" title="Oscar Luigi Scalfaro">Oscar Luigi Scalfaro</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-bottom:-.65em; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Parliamentary offices </div></th> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 June 1979 – 22 January 1990</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 July 1979 – 23 July 1984</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North-East_Italy_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North-East Italy (European Parliament constituency)">North-East Italy</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />8 May 1948 – 19 June 1979</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Verona%E2%80%93Padova%E2%80%93Vicenza%E2%80%93Rovigo_constituency_(1946%E2%80%931994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verona–Padova–Vicenza–Rovigo constituency (1946–1994)">Verona</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Italy" title="Constituent Assembly of Italy">Constituent Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 June 1946 – 31 January 1948</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Verona%E2%80%93Padova%E2%80%93Vicenza%E2%80%93Rovigo_constituency_(1946%E2%80%931994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verona–Padova–Vicenza–Rovigo constituency (1946–1994)">Verona</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1915-06-16</span>)</span>16 June 1915<br /><a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">22 January 1990<span style="display:none">(1990-01-22)</span> (aged 74)<br /><a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a>, Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> (1943–1990)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">University of Padua</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mariano Rumor</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[maˈrjaːno<span class="wrap"> </span>ruˈmor]</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="35" style="width:35px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="It-Mariano_Rumor.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/It-Mariano_Rumor.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/It-Mariano_Rumor.ogg/It-Mariano_Rumor.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span>;16 June 1915 – 22 January 1990) was an Italian politician and statesman. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a> (DC), he served as the 39th <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Italy">prime minister of Italy</a> from December 1968 to August 1970 and again from July 1973 to November 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As prime minister, he led five different governments, supported by various coalitions.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rumor served as <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Agriculture">Italian Minister of Agriculture</a> from 1959 to 1963, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs">Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> from 1974 to 1976, and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of the Interior">Italian Minister of the Interior</a> in two brief periods, in 1963 and from 1972 to 1973. Rumor was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_the_Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of secretaries of the Christian Democracy (Italy)">secretary of the DC</a> from 1964 to 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rumor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mariano Rumor was born in <a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a>, Veneto, on 16 June 1915. His father, Giuseppe Rumor, was the owner of a printing studio and promoter of a local magazine, "The Catholic Worker" founded by Rumor's grandfather. His mother, Tina Nardi, came from a <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended the classical lyceum <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pigafetta" title="Antonio Pigafetta">Antonio Pigafetta</a> in Vicenza, then he earned a degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">University of Padua</a> in literature in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his graduation, Rumor became a teacher at an Italian lyceum until his mobilization as a lieutenant in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Italian_Army_during_World_War_II" title="Royal Italian Army during World War II">Italian Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. Subsequent to the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a> in 1943 between Italy and the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied powers</a>, Rumor joined the <a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italian resistance movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the end of the war, he was among the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Associations_of_Italian_Workers" title="Christian Associations of Italian Workers">Christian Associations of Italian Workers</a> (ACLI),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the widespread lay Catholic associations, and joined the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a> (DC) party, of which he became one of the main leaders in Veneto, very close to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_general_election" title="1946 Italian general election">1946 election</a>, Rumor was elected with more than 29,000 votes to the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Italy" title="Constituent Assembly of Italy">Constituent Assembly</a>, for the constituency of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_constituencies_(1946%E2%80%931994)#Verona–Padova–Vicenza–Rovigo" title="List of Italian constituencies (1946–1994)">Verona–Padova–Vicenza–Rovigo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He became a member of the new-born <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> in <a href="/wiki/1948_Italian_general_election" title="1948 Italian general election">1948</a>. The 1948 elections were heavily influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> confrontation between the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the United States, and are now best known for the covert <a href="/wiki/Political_warfare" title="Political warfare">political warfare</a> waged by the <a href="/wiki/US_State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="US State Department">US State Department</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> on behalf of the DC.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The elections were eventually won with a comfortable margin by De Gasperi's DC that defeated the left-wing coalition of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Democratic_Front_(Italy)" title="Popular Democratic Front (Italy)">Popular Democratic Front</a>, that comprised the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> (PCI) and the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a> (PSI).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a deputy he became very close to <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Dossetti" title="Giuseppe Dossetti">Giuseppe Dossetti</a>, becoming a member of his Christian leftist wing.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rumor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_roles_in_government">First roles in government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rumor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First roles in government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mariano_Rumor_1953.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Mariano_Rumor_1953.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="145" /></a><figcaption>Rumor in 1953</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1950, Guido Gonella succeeded <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Paolo Emilio Taviani</a> as National Secretary of the DC; the target of the new secretariat was to build a unitary management of the party in support of the government led by Alcide De Gasperi. In this context, Rumor was nominated for the first time as National Deputy Secretary, together with Dossetti.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The withdrawal from politics of Giuseppe Dossetti, left his faction without a charismatic leader; however, Mariano Rumor played a decisive role in the birth of the new faction, called "Democratic Initiative", which brought together not only Dossetti's followers, such as <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_La_Pira" title="Giorgio La Pira">Giorgio La Pira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Amintore Fanfani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a>, but also members of the centrist pro-De Gasperi majority, as Paolo Emilio Taviani and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Luigi_Scalfaro" title="Oscar Luigi Scalfaro">Oscar Luigi Scalfaro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rumor himself presented the manifesto of Democratic Initiative, published on a magazine with the same name.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this text, alongside the declaration of support for De Gasperi and the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Pact">Atlantic Pact</a>, Dossetti's principles of a Christian reformist party were reaffirmed, with the aim of moving the country towards a "democratic evolution".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rumor immediately played a leading role in the faction. This position, led him to hold the first government posts, becoming Undersecretary for <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Agriculture">Agriculture</a> in <a href="/wiki/De_Gasperi_VII_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="De Gasperi VII Cabinet">De Gasperi's seventh government</a>, a position he also maintained in <a href="/wiki/De_Gasperi_VIII_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="De Gasperi VIII Cabinet">De Gasperi VIII Cabinet</a> and, after De Gasperi's retirement in 1954, in the short-lived government led by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Giuseppe Pella</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the brief <a href="/wiki/Fanfani_I_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Fanfani I Cabinet">first Fanfani government</a>, from January to February 1954, Rumor was appointed to <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Council of Ministers of Italy">Secretary of the Council of Ministers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pertini_Rumor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pertini_Rumor.jpg/220px-Pertini_Rumor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pertini_Rumor.jpg/330px-Pertini_Rumor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pertini_Rumor.jpg/440px-Pertini_Rumor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>Rumor with <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Pertini" title="Sandro Pertini">Sandro Pertini</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1954, after the National Congress of <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, which saw the affirmation of Democratic Initiative and the subsequent election of Fanfani as party's Secretary, Rumor was elected again deputy secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He held this office for the next five years, until Democratic Initiative split up. In fact, many members of the faction, started criticizing the political line of Fanfani's secretariat, who cautiously began to open to the prospect of a collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a> (PSI).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prominent members of the faction, including Rumor himself, put the Secretary in minority during the National Congress of March 1959. In this way, Democratic Initiative split up between the followers of Fanfani and the dissident group, now renamed by all <i>Dorotei</i> ("Dorotheans"), from the place where they had gathered before the congress, the convent of the sisters of Santa Dorotea in Rome. The new faction was built around <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Antonio Segni</a>, Mariano Rumor and Aldo Moro, who was elected new Secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the same year, as one of the faction's leaders, Rumor was appointed <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Agriculture">Minister of Agriculture</a>, in the second Segni's government, a position he would keep in the governments of <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Tambroni" title="Fernando Tambroni">Fernando Tambroni</a>, and Fanfani.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this role, Rumor contributed to the definition of one of the first plans for the development and innovation of the national agricultural sector, the so-called "Green Plan".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovanni_Leone_Vajont.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Giovanni_Leone_Vajont.jpg/220px-Giovanni_Leone_Vajont.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Giovanni_Leone_Vajont.jpg/330px-Giovanni_Leone_Vajont.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Giovanni_Leone_Vajont.jpg/440px-Giovanni_Leone_Vajont.jpg 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="565" /></a><figcaption>Rumor and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Giovanni Leone</a> visiting the site of the <a href="/wiki/Vajont_Dam" title="Vajont Dam">Vajont Dam</a> disaster</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/1963_Italian_general_election" title="1963 Italian general election">1963 election</a>, the DC suffered a sharp decline of consensus.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rumor was appointed <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of the Interior">Minister of the Interior</a> in the short-lived government chaired by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Giovanni Leone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As minister, he had to face one of the most tragic events in Italian republican history, the <a href="/wiki/Vajont_Dam" title="Vajont Dam">Vajont Dam</a> disaster.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 October 1963, a landslide occurred on <a href="/wiki/Monte_Toc" title="Monte Toc">Monte Toc</a>, in the province of <a href="/wiki/Pordenone" title="Pordenone">Pordenone</a>. The landslide caused a <a href="/wiki/Megatsunami" title="Megatsunami">megatsunami</a> in the artificial lake in which 50 million cubic metres of water overtopped the dam in a wave of 250 metres (820 ft), leading to the complete destruction of several villages and towns, and 1,917 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the previous months, the Adriatic Society of Electricity (SADE) and the Italian government, which both owned the dam, dismissed evidence and concealed reports describing the geological instability of Monte Toc on the southern side of the basin and other early warning signs reported prior to the disaster.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immediately after the disaster, government and local authorities insisted on attributing the tragedy to an unexpected and unavoidable natural event. However, numerous warnings, signs of danger, and negative appraisals had been disregarded in the previous months and the eventual attempt to safely control the landslide into the lake by lowering its level came when the landslide was almost imminent and was too late to prevent it.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The communist newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Unit%C3%A0" title="L'Unità">L'Unità</a></i> was the first to denounce the actions of management and government.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secretary_of_Christian_Democracy">Secretary of Christian Democracy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rumor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Secretary of Christian Democracy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mariano_Rumor_X_Congresso.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Mariano_Rumor_X_Congresso.jpg/220px-Mariano_Rumor_X_Congresso.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Mariano_Rumor_X_Congresso.jpg/330px-Mariano_Rumor_X_Congresso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Mariano_Rumor_X_Congresso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="304" /></a><figcaption>Rumor during the 1967 DC congress</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 1964, Rumor was elected the DC secretary, holding the office until January 1969 and leading the party in a complex phase of government cooperation with the socialists.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the five years leading the DC, Rumor tried to reassure the moderate electorate, in an attempt to recover the consensus lost in the previous elections.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rumor embodied the typical characteristics of the Dorotheans: caution, moderation, the propensity for mediation rather than for decision, attention to practical and concrete topics, rather than to major strategies, the representation of the interests of the provincial <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a>, the privileged link with the public administration, with the Catholic world and with direct farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/1968_Italian_general_election" title="1968 Italian general election">general elections of 1968</a>, the DC managed to increase its votes, albeit slightly, gaining 39% of votes.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This result was experienced as a success by the Rumor secretariat and he became a natural candidate for the leadership of the government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_term_as_prime_minister">First term as prime minister</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rumor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First term as prime minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 13 December 1968, Mariano Rumor was sworn in as prime minister for the first time, leading a <a href="/wiki/Rumor_I_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumor I Cabinet">government</a> composed of Christian Democrats, Socialists and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Republican_Party" title="Italian Republican Party">Republicans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his first term as prime minister, a number of progressive reforms were carried out. A law of 11 December 1969 extended access to higher education to all <a href="/wiki/Student" title="Student">students</a> holding a higher secondary school diploma. It was formerly limited to students who came from classical, and in some cases, scientific, curricula. A bill, approved on 30 April 1969 introduced broad provisions covering pensions under the general scheme. The multiplying coefficient was increased to 1.85%, applied to average earnings of the best 3 years in the last 5 years of work (maximum pension, after 40 years of contribution: 74% of previous earnings). A social pension was also introduced for people over the age of 65 with low incomes and not eligible for any type of pension. In addition, cost of living indexation for all pensions (with the exception of social pensions) was introduced. A law of 2 February 1970 extended earnings replacement benefits to artisan undertakings in the construction industry.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moro_Rumor_De_Martino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Moro_Rumor_De_Martino.jpg/220px-Moro_Rumor_De_Martino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Moro_Rumor_De_Martino.jpg/330px-Moro_Rumor_De_Martino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Moro_Rumor_De_Martino.jpg/440px-Moro_Rumor_De_Martino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>Rumor speaking to the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> in 1970</figcaption></figure> <p>In foreign policy, Rumor signed, on 28 January 1969, of the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty">Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty</a>. However, his first term as prime minister was deeply marked by the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Fontana_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Piazza Fontana massacre">Piazza Fontana massacre</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorist</a> attack that occurred on 12 December 1969 when a bomb exploded at the headquarters of National Agrarian Bank in <a href="/wiki/Piazza_Fontana" class="mw-redirect" title="Piazza Fontana">Piazza Fontana</a>, Milan, killing 17 people and wounding 88. In the same afternoon, three more bombs were detonated in Rome and Milan, and another was found unexploded.<sup id="cite_ref-bull_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bull-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attack was planned by a neo-fascist group, <i><a href="/wiki/Ordine_Nuovo" title="Ordine Nuovo">Ordine Nuovo</a></i> ("New Order"), whose aim was to prevent the country falling into the hands of the left-wing by duping the public into believing the bombings were part of a communist insurgency.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his first term, Rumor led three different governments. From December 1968 to July 1969, the DC joined with the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a> (PSI) as well as the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Republican_Party" title="Italian Republican Party">Italian Republican Party</a> (PRI). Then, from August 1969 to February 1970 he led a DC-only government; its collapse led to a 45-day long period without government, with issues such as Italian divorce law and the status of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> (PCI) generating instability. After this period, which included an attempt by former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Amintore Fanfani</a> to form a government, Rumor led a new coalition with the Socialist, Republican, and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Democratic Socialist Party">Democratic Socialist</a> parties from March until July 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interior_Minister_and_assassination_attempt">Interior Minister and assassination attempt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rumor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Interior Minister and assassination attempt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strage_Questura_Milano.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Strage_Questura_Milano.png/220px-Strage_Questura_Milano.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Strage_Questura_Milano.png/330px-Strage_Questura_Milano.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Strage_Questura_Milano.png/440px-Strage_Questura_Milano.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>An image of the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> massacre, of which Rumor was considered the main target</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1972, Rumor was appointed <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of the Interior">Minister of the Interior</a>, in the government of <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, Rumor was the target of an assassination attempt, planned by Gianfranco Bertoli, a self-described anarchist. Four were killed during the bombing, and 45 injured, while Rumor escaped alive from it. Bertoli was given a life-term in 1975. Bertoli was an informant of <a href="/wiki/SISMI" title="SISMI">SISMI</a>, the "Military Intelligence and Security Service", at the time. Court proceedings later showed that this connection was one of mistaken identity.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_term_as_prime_minister">Second term as prime minister</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rumor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Second term as prime minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After three years under <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Emilio Colombo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a>'s ministries, Rumor returned to the office of Prime Minister, first leading a coalition composed of Christian Democrats, Socialists, Republicans, and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Democratic_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Democratic Socialist Party">Democratic Socialists</a> from July 1973 to March 1974. After this government collapsed, Rumor formed a new coalition within two weeks, calling upon the Socialists and Democratic Socialists to join with DC from March until October 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his second term, the Parliament approved a law on 2 March 1974, with which legal minimum for pensions was raised to 27.75% of the average industrial wage for 1973. A law of 16 July 1974 extended family allowances to INPS pensioners, in lieu of child supplements. While a bill of August 1974 extended hospital assistance to all those not previously covered by any scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Weathering a cabinet resignation in June 1974, Rumor's final cabinet would fall in October 1974 after failing to come to an agreement on how to deal with rising economic inflation.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_the_premiership">After the premiership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rumor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: After the premiership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054628-0037,_Ludwigshafen,_CDU-Bundesparteitag,_Rumor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054628-0037%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Rumor.jpg/180px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054628-0037%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Rumor.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054628-0037%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Rumor.jpg/270px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054628-0037%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Rumor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054628-0037%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Rumor.jpg/360px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F054628-0037%2C_Ludwigshafen%2C_CDU-Bundesparteitag%2C_Rumor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption>Rumor in 1978</figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1974, Rumor was appointed <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a>'s fourth cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his ministry, he signed the <a href="/wiki/Osimo_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Osimo Treaty">Osimo Treaty</a> with <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, defining the official partition of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a>. The port city of <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> with a narrow coastal strip to the north west (Zone A) was given to Italy; a portion of the north-western part of the Istrian peninsula (Zone B) was given to Yugoslavia.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Italian government was harshly criticized for signing the treaty, particularly for the secretive way in which negotiations were carried out, skipping the traditional diplomatic channels. Italian nationalists of the MSI rejected the idea of giving up <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>, since Istria had been an ancient "Italian" region together with the Venetian region (<i><a href="/wiki/Italia_(Roman_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italia (Roman Empire)">Venetia et Histria</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Linden_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linden-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, Istria had belonged to Italy for 25 years between <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, and the west coast of Istria had long had a sizeable Italian minority population.<sup id="cite_ref-Valussi/Ressmann_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Valussi/Ressmann-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some nationalist politicians called for the prosecution of Prime Minister Moro and Minister Rumor, for the crime of <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a>, as stated in Article 241 of the Italian Criminal Code, which mandated a life sentence for anybody found guilty of aiding and abetting a foreign power to exert its sovereignty on the national territory.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1975_Italian_regional_elections" title="1975 Italian regional elections">1975 regional elections</a> led to the removal of <a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Amintore Fanfani</a> from the party secretariat. Rumor was proposed by Moro as the new party secretary, but he was vetoed by some members of his own faction. Due to this veto, Rumor abandoned the Dorotheans, approaching the positions of the new secretary <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Zaccagnini" title="Benigno Zaccagnini">Benigno Zaccagnini</a>. Following the Dorotheans' split, Rumor was slowly excluded from relevant positions in the party and in the government. </p><p>In 1979, Mariano Rumor was elected in the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, where he later became Chair of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs">Political Affairs Committee</a> in 1980, serving in that post until he left the European Parliament in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rumor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iotti_Rumor_1989.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Iotti_Rumor_1989.jpg/220px-Iotti_Rumor_1989.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Iotti_Rumor_1989.jpg/330px-Iotti_Rumor_1989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Iotti_Rumor_1989.jpg/440px-Iotti_Rumor_1989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>Rumor with the president of the Chamber <a href="/wiki/Nilde_Iotti" title="Nilde Iotti">Nilde Iotti</a> in 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>Rumor died of a heart attack in <a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a> on 22 January 1990 at the age of 74.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the years since his death, Rumor's legacy has been widely debated.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_bribery_scandals" title="Lockheed bribery scandals">Lockheed bribery scandals</a>, of which Rumor was exonerated by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Parliament" title="Italian Parliament">Italian Parliament</a>, took place under his government and culminated in the trials of two former <a href="/wiki/Italian_Minister_of_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Minister of Defence">Defense ministers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Gui" title="Luigi Gui">Luigi Gui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Mario Tanassi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rumor was implicated in the scandal after a Lockheed codebook referenced "Antelope Cobbler" as "Prime Minister", which could have been any of Rumor, <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a>, or then-President <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Giovanni Leone</a> during the relevant time period.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While Leone later resigned from the Presidency due to accusations of corruption, none of the three men were ever convicted of being "Antelope Cobbler".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Others have criticized his Presidential Decree No. 1092, a measure which allowed Italian governmental workers to retire after nineteen and a half years of work or fourteen and a half years if they were a woman; such retirees were later termed "baby pensioners" by detractors. The program, instituted in 1973, was terminated in 1992. As of 2014 it was estimated that around half a million pensioners who benefited from the decree were still drawing an average of €1,500 per month.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rumor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rumor never married. During all his lifetime and even after his death, speculations arose around his possible <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Rumor had always denied these speculations, which would have ruined his career in a <a href="/wiki/Social_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Social conservative">social conservative</a> party like the DC.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rumor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:58%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"> <tbody><tr> <th width="12%">Election </th> <th width="20%">House </th> <th width="15%">Constituency </th> <th width="5%" colspan="2">Party </th> <th width="12%">Votes </th> <th width="12%">Result </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1946_Italian_general_election" title="1946 Italian general election">1946</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Italy" title="Constituent Assembly of Italy">Constituent Assembly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verona%E2%80%93Padova%E2%80%93Vicenza%E2%80%93Rovigo_constituency_(1946%E2%80%931994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verona–Padova–Vicenza–Rovigo constituency (1946–1994)">Verona</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> </td> <td>29,213 </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1948_Italian_general_election" title="1948 Italian general election">1948</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verona%E2%80%93Padova%E2%80%93Vicenza%E2%80%93Rovigo_constituency_(1946%E2%80%931994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verona–Padova–Vicenza–Rovigo constituency (1946–1994)">Verona</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> </td> <td>43,002 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1953_Italian_general_election" title="1953 Italian general election">1953</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verona%E2%80%93Padova%E2%80%93Vicenza%E2%80%93Rovigo_constituency_(1946%E2%80%931994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verona–Padova–Vicenza–Rovigo constituency (1946–1994)">Verona</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> </td> <td>49,576 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1958_Italian_general_election" title="1958 Italian general election">1958</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verona%E2%80%93Padova%E2%80%93Vicenza%E2%80%93Rovigo_constituency_(1946%E2%80%931994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verona–Padova–Vicenza–Rovigo constituency (1946–1994)">Verona</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> </td> <td>61,492 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1963_Italian_general_election" title="1963 Italian general election">1963</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verona%E2%80%93Padova%E2%80%93Vicenza%E2%80%93Rovigo_constituency_(1946%E2%80%931994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verona–Padova–Vicenza–Rovigo constituency (1946–1994)">Verona</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> </td> <td>93,735 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1968_Italian_general_election" title="1968 Italian general election">1968</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verona%E2%80%93Padova%E2%80%93Vicenza%E2%80%93Rovigo_constituency_(1946%E2%80%931994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verona–Padova–Vicenza–Rovigo constituency (1946–1994)">Verona</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> </td> <td>168,828 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1972_Italian_general_election" title="1972 Italian general election">1972</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verona%E2%80%93Padova%E2%80%93Vicenza%E2%80%93Rovigo_constituency_(1946%E2%80%931994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verona–Padova–Vicenza–Rovigo constituency (1946–1994)">Verona</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> </td> <td>266,710 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1976_Italian_general_election" title="1976 Italian general election">1976</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Verona%E2%80%93Padova%E2%80%93Vicenza%E2%80%93Rovigo_constituency_(1946%E2%80%931994)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verona–Padova–Vicenza–Rovigo constituency (1946–1994)">Verona</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> </td> <td>73,729 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1979_Italian_general_election" title="1979 Italian general election">1979</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> </td> <td>88,028 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1979 European Parliament election in Italy">1979</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North-East_Italy_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North-East Italy (European Parliament constituency)">North-East Italy</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> </td> <td>235,478 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1983_Italian_general_election" title="1983 Italian general election">1983</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> </td> <td>73,372 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1987_Italian_general_election" title="1987 Italian general election">1987</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">DC</a> </td> <td>81,348 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/15px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/23px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <b>Elected</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rumor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senato.it/leg/10/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00002117.htm">Scheda di attività di Mariano Rumor</a>, <i>Senato della Repubblica</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mariano-Rumor">Mariano Rumor, Italian statesman</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storiologia.it/biografie/rumor.htm">Mariano Rumor – Biografia</a>, <i>Storiologia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mariano-rumor_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/">Mariano Rumor – Dizionario Biografico</a>, <i>Enciclopedia Treccani</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cinquantamila.it/storyTellerThread.php?threadId=marianorumor">Mariano Rumor – Biografia</a>, <i>Cinquantamila</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patrimonio.archivio.senato.it/inventario/fondi-acquisiti-dall-archivio-storico/mariano-rumor">Mariano Rumor</a>, <i>Patrimonio dell'Archivio Storico del Senato della Repubblica</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francoangeli.it/ricerca/scheda_libro.aspx?CodiceLibro=1792.166">Mariano Rumor e le ACLI vicentine</a>, <i>Franco Angeli</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1968/12/09/archives/politician-all-the-way-mariano-rumor.html">"Politician All the Way; Mariano Rumor"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 9 December 1968<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Politician+All+the+Way%3B+Mariano+Rumor&rft.date=1968-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1968%2F12%2F09%2Farchives%2Fpolitician-all-the-way-mariano-rumor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elezionistorico.interno.gov.it/candidati.php?tpel=A&dtel=02/06/1946&tpa=I&tpe=I&lev0=0&levsut0=0&lev1=9&levsut1=1&ne1=9&es0=S&es1=S&ms=S&ne=9&nlg=1&ts=C&ccp=1">Elezioni del 1946: Circoscrizione Verona–Padova–Vicenza–Rovigo</a>, <i>Ministero dell'Interno</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Einaudi, Mario <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1950923">The Constitution of the Italian Republic</a> <i>The American Political Science Review</i> vol. 42 no. 4 (pp. 661–676), August 1948</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorke2006" class="citation journal cs1">Corke, Sarah-Jane (1 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/2171">"George Kennan and the Inauguration of Political Warfare"</a>. <i>Journal of Conflict Studies</i>. <b>26</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1715-5673">1715-5673</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Conflict+Studies&rft.atitle=George+Kennan+and+the+Inauguration+of+Political+Warfare&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2006-05-01&rft.issn=1715-5673&rft.aulast=Corke&rft.aufirst=Sarah-Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lib.unb.ca%2Findex.php%2FJCS%2Farticle%2Fview%2F2171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMistry2011" class="citation journal cs1">Mistry, Kaeten (May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-italy/article/div-classtitlere-thinking-american-intervention-in-the-1948-italian-election-beyond-a-successfailure-dichotomydiv/1BF2C98295B5449978091FA2EBF77383">"Re-thinking American intervention in the 1948 Italian election: beyond a success–failure dichotomy"</a>. <i>Modern Italy</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 179–194. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13532944.2011.557224">10.1080/13532944.2011.557224</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1353-2944">1353-2944</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143941092">143941092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Italy&rft.atitle=Re-thinking+American+intervention+in+the+1948+Italian+election%3A+beyond+a+success%E2%80%93failure+dichotomy&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=179-194&rft.date=2011-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143941092%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1353-2944&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13532944.2011.557224&rft.aulast=Mistry&rft.aufirst=Kaeten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fmodern-italy%2Farticle%2Fdiv-classtitlere-thinking-american-intervention-in-the-1948-italian-election-beyond-a-successfailure-dichotomydiv%2F1BF2C98295B5449978091FA2EBF77383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elezionistorico.interno.it/index.php?tpel=C&dtel=18/04/1948&tpa=I&tpe=A&lev0=0&levsut0=0&es0=S&ms=S">Ministry of the Interior – 1948 Election Results</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mariano Rumor, <i>Memorie</i> (1943–1970), p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/guido-gonella_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/">Guido Gonella – Dizionario Biografico</a>, <i>Enciclopedia Treccani</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>La stagione del centrismo</i>, Francesco Malgeri, page 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Il prezzo della democrazia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>La stagione del centrismo</i>, Francesco Malgeri, page 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/i-legislatura-8-maggio-1948-4-aprile-1953/governo-de-gasperi-vii/3226">Governo De Gasperi VII</a>, <i>governo.it</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senato.it/leg/02/BGT/Schede/Governi/0041_M.htm">Composizione del Governo Fanfani I</a>, <i>Senato della Repubblica</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dellarepubblica.it/congressi-dc/viii-congresso-napoli-27-31-gennaio-1962">VIII Congresso di Napoli</a>, <i>Della Repubblica</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dellarepubblica.it/iii-legislatura-iv-fanfani">III Legislatura</a>, <i>Della Repubblica</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archivio900.it/it/sigle/sigl.aspx?id=898">I Dorotei</a>, <i>Archivio 900</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dellarepubblica.it/iii-legislatura-ii-segni">II Governo Segni</a>, <i>Della Repubblica</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nO2JCgAAQBAJ&dq=rumor+piano+verde&pg=PA500">Le "mie carte". Inventario dell'archivio di Mariano Rumor</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elezionistorico.interno.gov.it/index.php?tpel=C&dtel=28/04/1963&tpa=I&tpe=A&lev0=0&levsut0=0&es0=S&ms=S">Elezioni del 1963</a>, <i>Ministero dell'Interno</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-leone">I Governo Leone</a>, <i>camera.it</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilfriuliveneziagiulia.it/il-9-settembre-1963-il-disastro-del-vajont-commemorazioni-in-tutta-la-regione/">Il 9 settembre 1963 il disastro del Vajont: commemorazioni in tutta la regione</a>, <i>Friuli Venezia Giulia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/projects/geoweb/participants/Dutch/VTrips/Vaiont.HTM">"Vaiont Dam photos and virtual field trip"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vajont%2C+Due+Volte+Tragedia&rft.pub=Sopravvissutivajont.org&rft.date=2002-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sopravvissutivajont.org%2Fimages2%2FSecondovajont.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mariano-rumor/">Mariano Rumor</a>, <i>Enciclopedia Treccani</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mondoperaio.net/archivio-pdf/2009/007%20luglio%20e%20agosto/011heri_dicebamus.pdf">I socialisti e la svolta politica del 1962</a>, <i>Mondoperaio</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avvenire.it/agora/pagine/rumor-la-politica-capace-di-includere">Rumor, quando la politica era capace di includere</a>, <i>Avvenire</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elezionistorico.interno.it/index.php?tpel=C&dtel=19/05/1968&tpa=I&tpe=A&lev0=0&levsut0=0&es0=S&ms=S">Elezioni del 1968</a>, <i>Ministero dell'Interno</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/v-legislatura-5-giugno-1968-28-febbraio-1972/governo-rumor/3205">Governo Rumor I</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imolaoggi.it/2020/02/02/la-dc-ricorda-mariano-rumor/">La DC ricorda Mariano Rumor</a>, <i>Imola Oggi</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bull-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bull_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZDexzkoW1twC&dq=piazza+fontana+bombing&pg=PR10">Bull, Anna Cento and Cooke, Philip. <i>Ending Terrorism in Italy</i>, Routledge, 2013</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135040802" title="Special:BookSources/9781135040802">9781135040802</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/12/newsid_3953000/3953999.stm">"1969: Deadly bomb blasts in Italy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 12 December 1965<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1969%3A+Deadly+bomb+blasts+in+Italy&rft.date=1965-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fdecember%2F12%2Fnewsid_3953000%2F3953999.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1970/03/25/archives/rumor-is-seeking-to-staff-a-cabinet.html">"RUMOR IS SEEKING TO STAFF A CABINET"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 25 March 1970<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=RUMOR+IS+SEEKING+TO+STAFF+A+CABINET&rft.date=1970-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1970%2F03%2F25%2Farchives%2Frumor-is-seeking-to-staff-a-cabinet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/v-legislatura-5-giugno-1968-28-febbraio-1972/governo-andreotti/3201">Governo Andreotti</a>, <i>governo.it</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Neofascists cleared of 1973 bomb attack for second time". ANSA. 1 December 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Neofascists+cleared+of+1973+bomb+attack+for+second+time&rft.date=2004-12-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/03/15/archives/new-government-is-formed-in-italy-it-will-be-rumors-5th-and-nations.html">"NEW GOVERNMENT IS FORMED IN ITALY"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 15 March 1974<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NEW+GOVERNMENT+IS+FORMED+IN+ITALY&rft.date=1974-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F03%2F15%2Farchives%2Fnew-government-is-formed-in-italy-it-will-be-rumors-5th-and-nations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGinsborg2003" class="citation book cs1">Ginsborg, Paul (1 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uhgRA9j9FOwC"><i>A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics, 1943–1988</i></a>. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781403961532" title="Special:BookSources/9781403961532"><bdi>9781403961532</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Contemporary+Italy%3A+Society+and+Politics%2C+1943%E2%80%931988&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.isbn=9781403961532&rft.aulast=Ginsborg&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuhgRA9j9FOwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Growth to Limits: The Western European Welfare States Since World War II Volume 4 edited by Peter Flora</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul1974" class="citation news cs1">Paul, Hofman (11 June 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/06/11/archives/rumors-cabinet-resigns-in-italy-3party-coalition-unable-to-agree-on.html">"RUMOR'S CABINET RESIGNS IN ITALY"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=RUMOR%27S+CABINET+RESIGNS+IN+ITALY&rft.date=1974-06-11&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Hofman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F06%2F11%2Farchives%2Frumors-cabinet-resigns-in-italy-3party-coalition-unable-to-agree-on.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShenker1974" class="citation news cs1">Shenker, Israel (4 October 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/04/archives/rumors-cabinet-resigns-in-italy-dissolution-suggested.html">"RUMOR'S CABINET RESIGNS IN ITALY"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=RUMOR%27S+CABINET+RESIGNS+IN+ITALY&rft.date=1974-10-04&rft.aulast=Shenker&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F10%2F04%2Farchives%2Frumors-cabinet-resigns-in-italy-dissolution-suggested.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/vi-legislatura-25-maggio-1972-1-maggio-1976/governo-moro-iv/3194">Governo Moro IV</a>, <i>governo.it</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&pg=PA3796">The Europa World Year</a>, <i>Taylor & Francis Group</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linden-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Linden_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_Haly_Linden2002" class="citation book cs1">Ronald Haly Linden (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2QLGVOYQ30C&pg=PA104"><i>Norms and nannies: the impact of international organizations on the central and east European states</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780742516038" title="Special:BookSources/9780742516038"><bdi>9780742516038</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Norms+and+nannies%3A+the+impact+of+international+organizations+on+the+central+and+east+European+states&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780742516038&rft.au=Ronald+Haly+Linden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY2QLGVOYQ30C%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Valussi/Ressmann-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Valussi/Ressmann_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValussi,_Ressmann1861" class="citation book cs1">Valussi, Ressmann (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GdVDAAAAYAAJ&dq=popolazione%20italiana%20istria&pg=PA62"><i>Trieste e l'Istria nelle quistione italiana</i></a>. p. 62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trieste+e+l%27Istria+nelle+quistione+italiana&rft.pages=62&rft.date=1861&rft.au=Valussi%2C+Ressmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGdVDAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3Dpopolazione%2520italiana%2520istria%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ricerca.gelocal.it/ilpiccolo/archivio/ilpiccolo/2014/02/21/NZ_46_01.html">Aldo Moro e la ferita del Trattato di Osimo</a>, <i>Il Piccolo</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/715/MARIANO_RUMOR/history/1">"Mariano RUMOR"</a>. <i>European Parliament</i>. 16 June 1915<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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POLITICO SPRL<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=12+people+who+ruined+Italy&rft.date=2018-03&rft.aulast=Hooper&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2F12-people-who-ruined-italy-elections-public-debt-organized-crime%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMariano+Rumor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panorama.it/news/franco-grillini-gay-di-tutto-il-partito-uscite-allo-scoperto">Gay di tutto il partito, uscite allo scoperto</a>, <i>Panorama</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giornalettismo.com/premier-omosessuale-dc-ecco-era/">Un premier omosessuale ed ex DC? Ecco chi era</a>, <i>Giornalettissimo</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rumor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mariano_Rumor" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mariano Rumor">Mariano Rumor</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senato.it/leg/10/BGT/Schede/Attsen/00002117.htm">Official website – Senate of the Republic</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Secretary of the Council of Ministers (Italy)">Secretary of the Council of Ministers</a> </b><br />1954 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Luigi_Scalfaro" title="Oscar Luigi Scalfaro">Oscar Luigi Scalfaro</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Ferrari_Aggradi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Ferrari Aggradi (page does not exist)">Mario Ferrari Aggradi</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture_(Italy)" title="Minister of Agriculture (Italy)">Minister of Agriculture</a> </b><br />1959–1963 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Mattarella" title="Bernardo Mattarella">Bernardo Mattarella</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Paolo Emilio Taviani</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Interior (Italy)">Minister of the Interior</a> </b><br />1963 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Paolo Emilio Taviani</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Giovanni Leone</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a> </b><br />1968–1970 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Emilio Colombo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Restivo" title="Franco Restivo">Franco Restivo</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Interior (Italy)">Minister of the Interior</a> </b><br />1972–1973 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Paolo Emilio Taviani</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Giulio Andreotti</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a> </b><br />1973–1974 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Italy)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Italy)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />1974–1976 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Arnaldo Forlani</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_the_Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of secretaries of the Christian Democracy (Italy)">Secretary of Christian Democracy</a> </b><br />1964–1969 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Flaminio_Piccoli" title="Flaminio Piccoli">Flaminio Piccoli</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Italy" title="List of prime ministers of Italy">Prime Ministers of Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/113px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg/150px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861%E2%80%931946%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Cavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Carlo_Farini" title="Luigi Carlo Farini">Farini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Minghetti" title="Marco Minghetti">Minghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_La_Marmora" title="Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora">La Marmora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federico_Menabrea" title="Luigi Federico Menabrea">Menabrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Lanza" title="Giovanni Lanza">Lanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Minghetti" title="Marco Minghetti">Minghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Starabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Starabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Pelloux" title="Luigi Pelloux">Pelloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saracco" title="Giuseppe Saracco">Saracco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zanardelli" title="Giuseppe Zanardelli">Zanardelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Fortis" title="Alessandro Fortis">Fortis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sonnino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sonnino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Luzzatti" title="Luigi Luzzatti">Luzzatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salandra" title="Antonio Salandra">Salandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Boselli" title="Paolo Boselli">Boselli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_Orlando" title="Vittorio Emanuele Orlando">Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Saverio_Nitti" title="Francesco Saverio Nitti">Nitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giolitti" title="Giovanni Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Facta" title="Luigi Facta">Facta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Badoglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Parri" title="Ferruccio Parri">Parri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/75px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/113px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/150px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Scelba" title="Mario Scelba">Scelba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Segni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adone_Zoli" title="Adone Zoli">Zoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Segni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Tambroni" title="Fernando Tambroni">Tambroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Leone" title="Giovanni Leone">Leone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cossiga" title="Francesco Cossiga">Cossiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Forlani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini" title="Giovanni Spadolini">Spadolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Craxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Goria" title="Giovanni Goria">Goria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciriaco_De_Mita" title="Ciriaco De Mita">De Mita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Azeglio_Ciampi" title="Carlo Azeglio Ciampi">Ciampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Dini" title="Lamberto Dini">Dini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Alema" title="Massimo D'Alema">D'Alema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuliano_Amato" title="Giuliano Amato">Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Monti" title="Mario Monti">Monti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Letta" title="Enrico Letta">Letta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Renzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Gentiloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Conte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Draghi" title="Mario Draghi">Draghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Italian_Ministers_of_Foreign_Affairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Cavour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Ricasoli" title="Bettino Ricasoli">Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbano_Rattazzi" title="Urbano Rattazzi">Rattazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pasolini" title="Giuseppe Pasolini">Pasolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Visconti_Venosta" title="Emilio Visconti Venosta">Visconti-Venosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Ferrero_La_Marmora" title="Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora">La Marmora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Visconti_Venosta" title="Emilio Visconti Venosta">Visconti-Venosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeo_Di_Campello" title="Pompeo Di Campello">Campello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Federico_Menabrea" title="Luigi Federico Menabrea">Menabrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Visconti_Venosta" title="Emilio Visconti Venosta">Visconti-Venosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Amedeo_Melegari" title="Luigi Amedeo Melegari">Melegari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodovico,_Count_Corti" class="mw-redirect" title="Lodovico, Count Corti">Corti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Cairoli" title="Benedetto Cairoli">Cairoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasquale_Stanislao_Mancini" title="Pasquale Stanislao Mancini">Mancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Felice_Nicolis,_conte_di_Robilant" title="Carlo Felice Nicolis, conte di Robilant">Robilant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Depretis" title="Agostino Depretis">Depretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Crispi" title="Francesco Crispi">Crispi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Starabba di Rudinì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Brin" title="Benedetto Brin">Brin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Blanc" title="Alberto Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onorato_Caetani_(1842%E2%80%931917)" title="Onorato Caetani (1842–1917)">Caetani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Cappelli" title="Raffaele Cappelli">Capelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Napoleone_Canevaro" title="Felice Napoleone Canevaro">Canevaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Visconti_Venosta" title="Emilio Visconti Venosta">Visconti-Venosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Prinetti" title="Giulio Prinetti">Prinetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Patern%C3%B2_Castello,_Marchese_di_San_Giuliano" title="Antonino Paternò Castello, Marchese di San Giuliano">Paternò Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini_(politician)" title="Francesco Guicciardini (politician)">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini_(politician)" title="Francesco Guicciardini (politician)">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Patern%C3%B2_Castello,_Marchese_di_San_Giuliano" title="Antonino Paternò Castello, Marchese di San Giuliano">Paternò Castello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Sonnino" title="Sidney Sonnino">Sonnino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Tittoni" title="Tommaso Tittoni">Tittoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Scialoja" title="Vittorio Scialoja">Scialoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Sforza" title="Carlo Sforza">Sforza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Tomasi_Della_Torretta" title="Pietro Tomasi Della Torretta">Tommasi della Torretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Schanzer" title="Carlo Schanzer">Schanzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Grandi" title="Dino Grandi">Grandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeazzo_Ciano" title="Galeazzo Ciano">Ciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Mussolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Guariglia" title="Raffaele Guariglia">Guariglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Badoglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanoe_Bonomi" title="Ivanoe Bonomi">Bonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_(1890).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/42px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/63px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg/84px-Lesser_coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Italy_%281890%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="685" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/50px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/75px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/100px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:11pt;"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Nenni" title="Pietro Nenni">Nenni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Sforza" title="Carlo Sforza">Sforza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attilio_Piccioni" title="Attilio Piccioni">Piccioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Martino" title="Gaetano Martino">Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Segni" title="Antonio Segni">Segni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attilio_Piccioni" title="Attilio Piccioni">Piccioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Saragat" title="Giuseppe Saragat">Saragat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Medici" title="Giuseppe Medici">Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Nenni" title="Pietro Nenni">Nenni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Medici" title="Giuseppe Medici">Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Forlani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Maria_Malfatti" title="Franco Maria Malfatti">Malfatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attilio_Ruffini" title="Attilio Ruffini">Ruffini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_De_Michelis" title="Gianni De Michelis">De Michelis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Scotti" title="Vincenzo Scotti">Scotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beniamino_Andreatta" title="Beniamino Andreatta">Andreatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Elia" title="Leopoldo Elia">Elia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Martino" title="Antonio Martino">Martino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_Agnelli" title="Susanna Agnelli">Agnelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Dini" title="Lamberto Dini">Dini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Ruggiero" title="Renato Ruggiero">Ruggiero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Berlusconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Frattini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Fini" title="Gianfranco Fini">Fini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_D%27Alema" title="Massimo D'Alema">D'Alema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Frattini" title="Franco Frattini">Frattini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Terzi_di_Sant%27Agata" title="Giulio Terzi di Sant'Agata">Terzi di Sant'Agata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Bonino" title="Emma Bonino">Bonino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Mogherini" title="Federica Mogherini">Mogherini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Gentiloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelino_Alfano" title="Angelino Alfano">Alfano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Moavero_Milanesi" title="Enzo Moavero Milanesi">Moavero Milanesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Di_Maio" title="Luigi Di Maio">Di Maio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Tajani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rumor_I_Cabinet_(1968–69)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rumor_I_Cabinet" title="Template:Rumor I Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rumor_I_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Rumor I Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rumor_I_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rumor I Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rumor_I_Cabinet_(1968–69)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rumor_I_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumor I Cabinet">Rumor I Cabinet</a> (1968–69)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Taviani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crescenzo_Mazza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crescenzo Mazza (page does not exist)">Mazza</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Russo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Russo (page does not exist)">Russo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Lauricella" title="Salvatore Lauricella">Lauricella</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenio_Gatto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenio Gatto (page does not exist)">Gatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Nenni" title="Pietro Nenni">Nenni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Restivo" title="Franco Restivo">Restivo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Gava" title="Silvio Gava">Gava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Preti" title="Luigi Preti">Preti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oronzo_Reale" title="Oronzo Reale">Reale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">E. Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Gui" title="Luigi Gui">Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorentino_Sullo" title="Fiorentino Sullo">Sullo</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Ferrari_Aggradi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Ferrari Aggradi (page does not exist)">Ferrari Aggradi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Mancini" title="Giacomo Mancini">Mancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athos_Valsecchi" title="Athos Valsecchi">Valsecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Mariotti" title="Luigi Mariotti">Mariotti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Ferrari_Aggradi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Ferrari Aggradi (page does not exist)">Ferrari Aggradi</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Crescenzo_Mazza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crescenzo Mazza (page does not exist)">Crescenzo Mazza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Tanassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Ripamonti" title="Camillo Ripamonti">Ripamonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorino_Colombo" title="Vittorino Colombo">V. Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Lupis" title="Giuseppe Lupis">Lupis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Forlani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacinto_Bosco" title="Giacinto Bosco">Bosco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Brodolini" title="Giacomo Brodolini">Brodolini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Natali" title="Lorenzo Natali">Natali</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/55px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/83px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rumor_II_Cabinet_(1969–70)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rumor_II_Cabinet" title="Template:Rumor II Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rumor_II_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Rumor II Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rumor_II_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rumor II Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rumor_II_Cabinet_(1969–70)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rumor_II_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumor II Cabinet">Rumor II Cabinet</a> (1969–70)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Russo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Russo (page does not exist)">Russo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Forlani</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Giorgio_Bo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giorgio Bo (page does not exist)">Bo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenio_Gatto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenio Gatto (page does not exist)">Gatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Restivo" title="Franco Restivo">Restivo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Gava" title="Silvio Gava">Gava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Caron" title="Giuseppe Caron">Caron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacinto_Bosco" title="Giacinto Bosco">Bosco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">E. Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Gui" title="Luigi Gui">Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Ferrari_Aggradi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Ferrari Aggradi (page does not exist)">Aggradi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Natali" title="Lorenzo Natali">Natali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacomo_Sedati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacomo Sedati (page does not exist)">Sedati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remo_Gaspari" title="Remo Gaspari">Gaspari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athos_Valsecchi" title="Athos Valsecchi">Valsecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domenico_Magr%C3%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domenico Magrì (page does not exist)">Magrì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Ripamonti" title="Camillo Ripamonti">Ripamonti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Misasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riccardo Misasi (page does not exist)">Misasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorino_Colombo" title="Vittorino Colombo">V. Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Maria_Malfatti" title="Franco Maria Malfatti">Malfatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Donat-Cattin" title="Carlo Donat-Cattin">Donat-Cattin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Battista_Scaglia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Battista Scaglia (page does not exist)">Scaglia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/55px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/83px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Andreotti_I_Cabinet_(February–June_1972)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Andreotti_I_Cabinet" title="Template:Andreotti I Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Andreotti_I_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Andreotti I Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Andreotti_I_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Andreotti I Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Andreotti_I_Cabinet_(February–June_1972)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Andreotti_I_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Andreotti I Cabinet">Andreotti I Cabinet</a> (February–June 1972)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Italo_Giulio_Caiati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italo Giulio Caiati (page does not exist)">Caiati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugenio_Gatto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugenio Gatto (page does not exist)">Gatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorentino_Sullo" title="Fiorentino Sullo">Sullo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remo_Gaspari" title="Remo Gaspari">Gaspari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Gonella" title="Guido Gonella">Gonella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Taviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pella" title="Giuseppe Pella">Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Restivo" title="Franco Restivo">Restivo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Misasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riccardo Misasi (page does not exist)">Misasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Ferrari_Aggradi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Ferrari Aggradi (page does not exist)">Aggradi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Natali" title="Lorenzo Natali">Natali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Luigi_Scalfaro" title="Oscar Luigi Scalfaro">Scalfaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacinto_Bosco" title="Giacinto Bosco">Bosco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Gava" title="Silvio Gava">Gava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athos_Valsecchi" title="Athos Valsecchi">Valsecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Ripamonti" title="Camillo Ripamonti">Ripamonti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gennaro_Cassiani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gennaro Cassiani (page does not exist)">Cassiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaminio_Piccoli" title="Flaminio Piccoli">Piccoli</a>/<a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a> (<i>interim</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Donat-Cattin" title="Carlo Donat-Cattin">Donat-Cattin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Battista_Scaglia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Battista Scaglia (page does not exist)">Scaglia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/55px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/83px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Andreotti_II_Cabinet_(1972–73)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Andreotti_II_Cabinet" title="Template:Andreotti II Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Andreotti_II_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Andreotti II Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Andreotti_II_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Andreotti II Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this 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href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Medici" title="Giuseppe Medici">Medici</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Gonella" title="Guido Gonella">Gonella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Taviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athos_Valsecchi" title="Athos Valsecchi">Valsecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Malagodi" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Francesco Malagodi">Malagodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Tanassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Luigi_Scalfaro" title="Oscar Luigi Scalfaro">Scalfaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Pietro_Gullotti" title="Antonino Pietro Gullotti">Gullotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Natali" title="Lorenzo Natali">Natali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Bozzi" title="Aldo Bozzi">Bozzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gioia" title="Giovanni Gioia">Gioia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauro_Ferri" title="Mauro Ferri">Ferri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remo_Gaspari" title="Remo Gaspari">Gaspari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianmatteo_Matteotti" title="Gianmatteo Matteotti">Matteotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Lupis" title="Giuseppe Lupis">Lupis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Ferrari_Aggradi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Ferrari Aggradi (page does not exist)">Ferrari Aggradi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dionigi_Coppo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dionigi Coppo (page does not exist)">Coppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Badini_Confalonieri" title="Vittorio Badini Confalonieri">Badini Confalonieri</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/55px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/83px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rumor_IV_Cabinet_(1973–74)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rumor_IV_Cabinet" title="Template:Rumor IV Cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rumor_IV_Cabinet" title="Template talk:Rumor IV Cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rumor_IV_Cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rumor IV Cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rumor_IV_Cabinet_(1973–74)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rumor_IV_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumor IV Cabinet">Rumor IV Cabinet</a> (1973–74)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Corona" title="Achille Corona">Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Ripamonti" title="Camillo Ripamonti">Ripamonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Lupis" title="Giuseppe Lupis">Lupis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dionigi_Coppo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dionigi Coppo (page does not exist)">Coppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Donat-Cattin" title="Carlo Donat-Cattin">Donat-Cattin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Toros" title="Mario Toros">Toros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gioia" title="Giovanni Gioia">Gioia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Bucalossi" title="Pietro Bucalossi">Bucalossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Gava" title="Silvio Gava">Gava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Taviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Zagari" title="Mario Zagari">Zagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Giolitti" title="Antonio Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_La_Malfa" title="Ugo La Malfa">La Malfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Tanassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Maria_Malfatti" title="Franco Maria Malfatti">Malfatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Lauricella" title="Salvatore Lauricella">Lauricella</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Ferrari_Aggradi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Ferrari Aggradi (page does not exist)">Ferrari Aggradi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Preti" title="Luigi Preti">Preti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Togni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Togni (page does not exist)">Togni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciriaco_De_Mita" title="Ciriaco De Mita">De Mita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Gui" title="Luigi Gui">Gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianmatteo_Matteotti" title="Gianmatteo Matteotti">Matteotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pieraccini" title="Giovanni Pieraccini">Pieraccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Pietro_Gullotti" title="Antonino Pietro Gullotti">Gullotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Bertoldi" title="Luigi Bertoldi">Bertoldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Signorello" title="Nicola Signorello">Signorello</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/55px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/83px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rumor_V_Cabinet_(March–November_1974)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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href="/wiki/Giacomo_Mancini" title="Giacomo Mancini">Mancini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Toros" title="Mario Toros">Toros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gioia" title="Giovanni Gioia">Gioia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Taviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Zagari" title="Mario Zagari">Zagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Giolitti" title="Antonio Giolitti">Giolitti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Tanassi" title="Mario Tanassi">Tanassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Colombo" title="Emilio Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Andreotti" title="Giulio Andreotti">Andreotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Maria_Malfatti" title="Franco Maria Malfatti">Malfatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Lauricella" title="Salvatore Lauricella">Lauricella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Bisaglia" title="Antonio Bisaglia">Bisaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Preti" title="Luigi Preti">Preti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Togni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Togni (page does not exist)">Togni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciriaco_De_Mita" title="Ciriaco De Mita">De Mita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorino_Colombo" title="Vittorino Colombo">Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianmatteo_Matteotti" title="Gianmatteo Matteotti">Matteotti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dionigi_Coppo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dionigi Coppo (page does not exist)">Coppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Pietro_Gullotti" title="Antonino Pietro Gullotti">Gullotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Bertoldi" title="Luigi Bertoldi">Bertoldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Ripamonti" title="Camillo Ripamonti">Ripamonti</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/55px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/83px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/110px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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class="mw-redirect" title="List of Secretaries of the Italian Christian Democracy"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Secretaries of the</span></a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Christian Democracy</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attilio_Piccioni" title="Attilio Piccioni">Attilio Piccioni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Cappi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Cappi (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Cappi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Emilio_Taviani" title="Paolo Emilio Taviani">Paolo Emilio Taviani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Gonella" title="Guido Gonella">Guido Gonella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Amintore Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Moro" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mariano Rumor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaminio_Piccoli" title="Flaminio Piccoli">Flaminio Piccoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Arnaldo Forlani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amintore_Fanfani" title="Amintore Fanfani">Amintore Fanfani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Zaccagnini" title="Benigno Zaccagnini">Benigno Zaccagnini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaminio_Piccoli" title="Flaminio Piccoli">Flaminio Piccoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciriaco_De_Mita" title="Ciriaco De Mita">Ciriaco De Mita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldo_Forlani" title="Arnaldo Forlani">Arnaldo Forlani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mino_Martinazzoli" title="Mino Martinazzoli">Mino Martinazzoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316288#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316288#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316288#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/130543128">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85207306">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12294934d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12294934d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rumor, Mariano"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV045308">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p202633616">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810628015105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007275225705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/715">MEP directory</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="RUMOR, Mariano"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mariano-rumor_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd130543128.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031473954">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10569911">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6393btw">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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