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id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Od_prapovijesti_do_starog_vijeka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Od_prapovijesti_do_starog_vijeka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Od prapovijesti do starog vijeka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Od_prapovijesti_do_starog_vijeka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Od_4._do_18._stoljeća" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Od_4._do_18._stoljeća"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Od 4. do 18. stoljeća</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Od_4._do_18._stoljeća-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pod_ruskom_i_sovjetskom_vlašću" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pod_ruskom_i_sovjetskom_vlašću"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pod ruskom i sovjetskom vlašću</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pod_ruskom_i_sovjetskom_vlašću-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republika_Kazahstan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republika_Kazahstan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Republika Kazahstan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republika_Kazahstan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Povijest Kazahstana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 42 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تاريخ كازاخستان – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تاريخ كازاخستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax%C4%B1stan_tarixi" title="Qazaxıstan tarixi – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qazaxıstan tarixi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8B" title="Ҡаҙағстан тарихы – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡаҙағстан тарихы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="История на Казахстан – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="История на Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="কাজাখস্তানের ইতিহাস – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাজাখস্তানের ইতিহাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_del_Kazakhstan" title="Història del Kazakhstan – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Història del Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%DA%98%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مێژووی کازاخستان – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێژووی کازاخستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%9Bjiny_Kazachst%C3%A1nu" title="Dějiny Kazachstánu – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dějiny Kazachstánu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschichte_Kasachstans" title="Geschichte Kasachstans – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geschichte Kasachstans" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ιστορία του Καζακστάν – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιστορία του Καζακστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Kazakhstan" title="History of Kazakhstan – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="History of Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Kazajist%C3%A1n" title="Historia de Kazajistán – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Historia de Kazajistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تاریخ قزاقستان – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاریخ قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstanin_historia" title="Kazakstanin historia – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kazakstanin historia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_du_Kazakhstan" title="Histoire du Kazakhstan – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire du Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_Casaquist%C3%A1n" title="Historia de Casaquistán – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Historia de Casaquistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahszt%C3%A1n_t%C3%B6rt%C3%A9nelme" title="Kazahsztán történelme – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kazahsztán történelme" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ղազախստանի պատմություն – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ղազախստանի պատմություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historio_di_Kazakstan" title="Historio di Kazakstan – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Historio di Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storia_del_Kazakistan" title="Storia del Kazakistan – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Storia del Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ყაზახეთის ისტორია – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყაზახეთის ისტორია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8B" title="Қазақстан тарихы – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қазақстан тарихы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="카자흐스탄의 역사 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카자흐스탄의 역사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstano_istorija" title="Kazachstano istorija – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kazachstano istorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahst%C4%81nas_v%C4%93sture" title="Kazahstānas vēsture – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kazahstānas vēsture" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Историја на Казахстан – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Историја на Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%85" title="Казахстаны түүх – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Казахстаны түүх" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Kazachstan" title="Geschiedenis van Kazachstan – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geschiedenis van Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Kazachstanu" title="Historia Kazachstanu – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Historia Kazachstanu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="قازقستان دی تریخ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قازقستان دی تریخ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_do_Cazaquist%C3%A3o" title="História do Cazaquistão – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="História do Cazaquistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="История Казахстана – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История Казахстана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgodovina_Kazahstana" title="Zgodovina Kazahstana – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zgodovina Kazahstana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Историја Казахстана – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Историја Казахстана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_ya_Kazakhstan" title="Historia ya Kazakhstan – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Historia ya Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan_tarihi" title="Kazakistan tarihi – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kazakistan tarihi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Історія Казахстану – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Історія Казахстану" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="قازقستان کی تاریخ – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قازقستان کی تاریخ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_Kazakhstan" title="Lịch sử Kazakhstan – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lịch sử Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="哈萨克斯坦历史 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈萨克斯坦历史" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ყაზახეთიშ ისტორია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყაზახეთიშ ისტორია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="哈萨克斯坦历史 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈萨克斯坦历史" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1129461#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Poveznice na druge jezike" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi poveznice</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Povijest_Kazahstana" title="Pogledaj sadržaj [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Povijest_Kazahstana" rel="discussion" title="Razgovorna stranica [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni jezičnu varijantu" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">hrvatski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Povijest_Kazahstana"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&action=history" title="Ranije izmjene na ovoj stranici [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pomagala" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pomagala</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pomagala</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Više mogućnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Povijest_Kazahstana"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kôd ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kôd</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&action=history"><span>Vidi povijest</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Razno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0to_vodi_ovamo/Povijest_Kazahstana" title="Popis svih stranica koje sadrže poveznice na ovu stranicu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Što vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_promjene/Povijest_Kazahstana" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne promjene na stranicama koje su povezane s navedenom stranicom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane promjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Upload" title="Postavi datoteke [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Popis svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&oldid=6736914" title="Trajna poveznica na ovu verziju stranice"><span>Trajna poveznica</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podatci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Povijest_Kazahstana&id=6736914&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tome kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPovijest_Kazahstana"><span>Skraćeni URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPovijest_Kazahstana"><span>Preuzmi QR kôd</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ispis/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Zbirka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Povijest+Kazahstana"><span>Stvori knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Povijest_Kazahstana&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&printable=yes" title="Inačica za ispis ove stranice [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inačica za ispis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedijini projekti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_Kazakhstan" hreflang="en"><span>Zajednički poslužitelj</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1129461" title="Poveznica na stavku na projektu Wikipodatci [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodatcima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/230px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/345px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/460px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zastava_Kazahstana" title="Zastava Kazahstana">Zastava Kazahstana</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Povijest Kazahstana</b> seže još od vremena <a href="/wiki/Paleolitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolitik">paleolitika</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan">Kazahstan</a> je najveća zemlja u potpunosti u sastavu Euroazijske stepe, te je bio raskrsnica značajnih puteva i <a href="/wiki/Dom" class="mw-redirect" title="Dom">dom</a> različitih <a href="/wiki/Narod" title="Narod">naroda</a> tijekom <a href="/wiki/Povijest" title="Povijest">povijesti</a>, koji su na ovim prostorima formirali mnoge države i carstva. Od 18. do 20. stoljeća, nalazio se u sastavu <a href="/wiki/Rusko_Carstvo" title="Rusko Carstvo">Ruskoga Carstva</a>, a kasnije i u <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">Sovjetskom Savezu</a>. Republika <a href="/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan">Kazahstan</a> postoji od <a href="/wiki/1991." title="1991.">1991.</a> godine. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Od_prapovijesti_do_starog_vijeka">Od prapovijesti do starog vijeka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Od prapovijesti do starog vijeka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Od prapovijesti do starog vijeka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Issyk_Golden_Cataphract_Warrior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Issyk_Golden_Cataphract_Warrior.jpg/100px-Issyk_Golden_Cataphract_Warrior.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Issyk_Golden_Cataphract_Warrior.jpg/150px-Issyk_Golden_Cataphract_Warrior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Issyk_Golden_Cataphract_Warrior.jpg/200px-Issyk_Golden_Cataphract_Warrior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="1368" /></a><figcaption>Paradni oklop ratnika iz povijesti Kazahstana</figcaption></figure> <p>Ljudska aktivnost u regiji započela je s izumrlim Pithecanthropusom i Sinanthropusom prije milijun – 800 000 godina pr. Kr. u planinama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karatau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karatau (stranica ne postoji)">Karatau</a> i kaspijskim i balkaškim područjima. <a href="/wiki/Neandertalci" class="mw-redirect" title="Neandertalci">Neandertalci</a> su bili prisutni od prije 140 000 do 40 000 godina pr. Kr. u planinama Karatau i središnjem Kazahstanu. Moderni <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a> pojavio se od prije 40 000 do 12 000 godina pr. Kr. u južnom, središnjem i istočnom Kazahstanu. Nakon završetka posljednjeg ledenjačkog razdoblja (prije 12.500 do 5.000 godina pr. Kr.), ljudsko se naselje proširilo cijelom zemljom i dovelo do izumiranja <a href="/wiki/Mamut" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamut">mamuta</a> i <a href="/wiki/Vunasti_nosorog" title="Vunasti nosorog">vunastoga nosoroga</a>. Komune <a href="/wiki/Lovac" class="mw-disambig" title="Lovac">lovaca</a> za <a href="/wiki/Lov" title="Lov">lov</a> su koristile pripitomljene <a href="/wiki/Vuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuk">vukove</a> i zamke. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Neolitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolitik">Neolitičku</a> revoluciju obilježila je pojava <a href="/wiki/Sto%C4%8Darstvo" title="Stočarstvo">stočarstva</a> i <a href="/wiki/Poljoprivreda" title="Poljoprivreda">poljoprivrede</a>, što je dovelo do kultura Atbasar, Kelteminar, Botai i Ust-Narym.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kultura Botai (3600. – 3100. pr. Kr.) zaslužna je za prvo pripitomljavanje <a href="/wiki/Konj" class="mw-redirect" title="Konj">konja</a>, a u tom se razdoblju također pojavila <a href="/wiki/Keramika" title="Keramika">keramika</a> i <a href="/wiki/Alat" title="Alat">alati</a> od poliranog <a href="/wiki/Kamen" title="Kamen">kamena</a>. U četvrtom i trećem tisućljeću pr. Kr. početak je proizvodnje <a href="/wiki/Metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal">metala</a>, proizvodnje <a href="/wiki/Bakar_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakar (element)">bakrenih</a> alata i upotrebe <a href="/wiki/Kalup" title="Kalup">kalupa</a> za lijevanje. U drugom tisućljeću pr. Kr. <a href="/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo">rudarstvo</a> se razvilo u središnjem Kazahstanu. </p><p>Promjena <a href="/wiki/Klima" title="Klima">klime</a> natjerala je na masovno premještanje stanovništva u i izvan <a href="/wiki/Stepa" title="Stepa">stepskoga</a> pojasa. Sušno razdoblje koje je trajalo od kraja drugog tisućljeća do početka 1. tisućljeća pr. Kr. prouzročilo je depopulaciju sušnih pojaseva i područja riječno-dolinskih <a href="/wiki/Oaza" title="Oaza">oaza</a>; <a href="/wiki/Stanovni%C5%A1tvo" title="Stanovništvo">stanovništvo</a> ovih područja preselilo se na <a href="/wiki/Sjever" title="Sjever">sjever</a> u šumsku stepu. </p><p>Nakon završetka sušnog razdoblja na početku prvog tisućljeća pr. Kr., nomadske populacije migrirale su u Kazahstan sa zapada i istoka, ponovno naseljavajući napuštena područja. Među njima je bilo nekoliko <a href="/wiki/Indoiranci" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoiranci">Indoiranaca</a>, često zajednički poznatih kao <a href="/wiki/Saka" class="mw-redirect" title="Saka">Saka</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Od_4._do_18._stoljeća"><span id="Od_4._do_18._stolje.C4.87a"></span>Od 4. do 18. stoljeća</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Od 4. do 18. stoljeća" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Od 4. do 18. stoljeća"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tijekom 4. stoljeća, <a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a> su kontrolirali Kazahstan, obuhvaćali 26 neovisnih teritorija i ujedinili brojne stepske i šumske narode u jedinstvenu državu. Huni su migrirali na <a href="/wiki/Zapad" title="Zapad">zapad</a>. Budući Kazahstan apsorbiran je u <a href="/wiki/Kaza%C5%A1ki_Kanat" title="Kazaški Kanat">Kazaški Kanat</a> i države sljednice. </p><p>Nekoliko neovisnih država procvjetalo je u Kazahstanu tijekom ranog srednjeg vijeka; najpoznatije su bile: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kangarska_unija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kangarska unija (stranica ne postoji)">Kangarska unija</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zapadni_Turkijski_Kaganat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zapadni Turkijski Kaganat (stranica ne postoji)">Zapadni Turkijski Kaganat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dr%C5%BEava_Oghuz_Yabgu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Država Oghuz Yabgu (stranica ne postoji)">država Oghuz Yabgu</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karahanidski_Kaganat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karahanidski Kaganat (stranica ne postoji)">Karahanidski Kaganat</a>. </p><p>U 13. stoljeću, Kazahstan je bio pod vlašću <a href="/wiki/Mongolsko_Carstvo" title="Mongolsko Carstvo">Mongolskoga Carstva</a> i ostao je u sferi mongolskih država nasljednica 300 godina. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kaza%C5%A1ki_Kanat" title="Kazaški Kanat">Kazaški Kanat</a> bio je nasljednik <a href="/wiki/Zlatna_Horda" title="Zlatna Horda">Zlatne Horde</a>. Postojao je od 15. do 19. stoljeća, smješten uglavnom na teritoriju današnje Republike Kazahstan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pod_ruskom_i_sovjetskom_vlašću"><span id="Pod_ruskom_i_sovjetskom_vla.C5.A1.C4.87u"></span>Pod ruskom i sovjetskom vlašću</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Pod ruskom i sovjetskom vlašću" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pod ruskom i sovjetskom vlašću"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Asia_Centrala_-_Expansion_russa_de_1725_a_1914.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Asia_Centrala_-_Expansion_russa_de_1725_a_1914.png/230px-Asia_Centrala_-_Expansion_russa_de_1725_a_1914.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Asia_Centrala_-_Expansion_russa_de_1725_a_1914.png/345px-Asia_Centrala_-_Expansion_russa_de_1725_a_1914.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Asia_Centrala_-_Expansion_russa_de_1725_a_1914.png/460px-Asia_Centrala_-_Expansion_russa_de_1725_a_1914.png 2x" data-file-width="2148" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Rusko širenje u <a href="/wiki/Srednja_Azija" title="Srednja Azija">Srednjoj Aziji</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sredinom 18. stoljeća Kazahstan je došao pod <a href="/wiki/Rusi" title="Rusi">rusku</a> vlast. Pridružio se <a href="/wiki/Rusko_Carstvo" title="Rusko Carstvo">Ruskom Carstvu</a> 1873. Sljedećih godina bio je uključen u tri oblasti Ruskoga Carstva: Transkaspijsku oblast, oblast Semirečje i oblast Semipalatinsk. </p><p>Godine <a href="/wiki/1920." title="1920.">1920.</a> nastala je <a href="/wiki/Kirgiska_Autonomna_Sovjetska_Socijalisti%C4%8Dka_Republika" class="mw-disambig" title="Kirgiska Autonomna Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika">Kirgiska Autonomna Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika</a>, koja je <a href="/wiki/1925." title="1925.">1925.</a> promijenila ime u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstanska_Autonomna_Sovjetska_Socijalisti%C4%8Dka_Republika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazahstanska Autonomna Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika (stranica ne postoji)">Kazahstanska Autonomna Sovjetska Socijalistička Republika</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glad_u_Kazahstanu_1931._%E2%80%93_1933." title="Glad u Kazahstanu 1931. – 1933.">Glad u Kazahstanu 1931. – 1933.</a>, uzrokovana sovjetskom politikom <a href="/wiki/Kolektivizacija" title="Kolektivizacija">kolektivizacije</a>, ubila je oko dva milijuna ljudi, od čega više od milijun <a href="/wiki/Kazasi" title="Kazasi">Kazasa</a>, čiji je udio u ukupnom stanovništvu KASS-a smanjen za četvrtinu. Godine 1936., ona je postala dijelom <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">SSSR</a>-a kao savezna republika. pedesetih godina započeta je agrarna reforma <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Hru%C5%A1%C4%8Dov" title="Nikita Hruščov">Nikite Hruščova</a>. Nova zastava na snazi je od <a href="/wiki/24._sije%C4%8Dnja" title="24. siječnja">24. siječnja</a> <a href="/wiki/1953." title="1953.">1953.</a> godine. 1960.-ih, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazahstanci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazahstanci (stranica ne postoji)">Kazahstanci</a> su postali nacionalna manjina zbog masovnog priljeva ruskih doseljenika. U istom desetljeću uspostavljen je svemirski centar <a href="/wiki/Bajkonur" title="Bajkonur">Bajkonur</a> u Kazahstanu. Do <a href="/wiki/1993." title="1993.">1993.</a> godine nuklearno oružje testirano je na području oko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semey (stranica ne postoji)">Semeya</a>. Godine <a href="/wiki/1986." title="1986.">1986.</a>, povećao se antiruski osjećaj što je dovelo do nereda u glavnom gradu <a href="/wiki/Almati" title="Almati">Almatiju</a>. Tri godine kasnije, <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbajev" title="Nursultan Nazarbajev">Nursultan Nazarbajev</a> postao je čelnik Kazahstanske komunističke partije i uveo program ekonomskih i kulturnih reformi. Godinu dana kasnije postao je predsjednik. Kao rezultat <a href="/wiki/Raspad_SSSR-a" title="Raspad SSSR-a">raspada Sovjetskog Saveza</a> 16. prosinca 1991., Kazahstan je proglasio <a href="/wiki/Neovisnost" class="mw-redirect" title="Neovisnost">neovisnost</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Republika_Kazahstan">Republika Kazahstan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Republika Kazahstan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Republika Kazahstan"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Stamps_of_Kazakhstan,_2013-47.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Stamps_of_Kazakhstan%2C_2013-47.jpg/230px-Stamps_of_Kazakhstan%2C_2013-47.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Stamps_of_Kazakhstan%2C_2013-47.jpg/345px-Stamps_of_Kazakhstan%2C_2013-47.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Stamps_of_Kazakhstan%2C_2013-47.jpg/460px-Stamps_of_Kazakhstan%2C_2013-47.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="656" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Po%C5%A1tanska_marka" title="Poštanska marka">Poštanska marka</a> Kazahstana, koja prikazuje tadašnjega predsjednika Kazahstana <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbajev" title="Nursultan Nazarbajev">Nursultana Nazarbajeva</a> u društvu <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Baracka Obame</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Medvedev" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitrij Medvedev">Dmitrija Medvedeva</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nakon proglašenja neovisnosti, Kazahstan se pridružio <a href="/wiki/ZND" class="mw-redirect" title="ZND">ZND</a>-u. Kazahstan se 1992. pridružio <a href="/wiki/KESS" class="mw-redirect" title="KESS">Konferenciji o sigurnosti i suradnji u Europi</a> (KESS). Započela je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanjska_trgovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanjska trgovina (stranica ne postoji)">vanjska trgovina</a> sa <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a>-om, zemlja je postala dio <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">Ujedinjenih naroda</a>. Godinu dana kasnije, Kazahstan je objavio <a href="/wiki/Ustav" title="Ustav">ustav</a>, koji je izmijenjen i dopunjen dvije godine kasnije. Godine 1993. završena su ispitivanja atomskih bombi u blizini Bajkonura. Uz to, <a href="/wiki/Kaza%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Kazaški jezik">kazaški jezik</a> postao je službeni jezik. Godinu dana kasnije započela je vanjska trgovina s <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistanom</a>. </p><p>Godine 1998. grad <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a> postao je nova prijestolnica države, umjesto <a href="/wiki/Almati" title="Almati">Almatija</a>. Tri godine kasnije, došlo je do političke krize. Zamjenik šefa Odbora za nacionalnu sigurnost dao je ostavku. Istodobno je uspostavljen oporbeni politički pokret.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">Papa</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavao_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Pavao II">Ivan Pavao II</a>. posjetio je Kazahstan 2001. godine.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imangali_Tasmagambetov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imangali Tasmagambetov (stranica ne postoji)">Imangali Tasmagambetov</a> postao je novi <a href="/wiki/Premijer" class="mw-redirect" title="Premijer">premijer</a> 2002. godine. Godinu dana kasnije zamijenio ga je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danijal_Ahmetov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danijal Ahmetov (stranica ne postoji)">Danijal Ahmetov</a>. Ukazom predsjednika od <a href="/wiki/26._listopada" title="26. listopada">26. listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/2017." title="2017.">2017.</a> uvedena je naredba, da se kazahstanska <a href="/wiki/%C4%86irilica" title="Ćirilica">ćirilica</a> zamijeni <a href="/wiki/Latinica" title="Latinica">latinicom</a> do <a href="/wiki/2025." title="2025.">2025.</a> godine.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Godine <a href="/wiki/2019." title="2019.">2019.</a> glavni grad <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a> je preimenovana u Nursultan.<sup id="cite_ref-Inform_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inform-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DW_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DW-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tri godine kasnije gradu je vraćeno prethodno ime.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kazahstana&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Cambridge World Prehistory. University of Cambridge. June 2014. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780521119931" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780521119931</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxford Wielka Encyklopedia Świata tom 15. Poznań: Oxford Educational, 2004, s. 89–90. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/8373255478" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 83-7325-547-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;4574458">https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;4574458</a> Preuzeto 21. ožujka 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://astanatimes.com/2018/02/kazakhstan-adopts-new-version-of-latin-based-kazakh-alphabet/">https://astanatimes.com/2018/02/kazakhstan-adopts-new-version-of-latin-based-kazakh-alphabet/</a> Preuzeto 21. ožujka 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inform-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Inform_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inform.kz/en/astana-renamed-as-nur-sultan_a3510137">Astana renamed as Nur-Sultan</a>. Kazinform. 23. ožujka 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 20. rujna 2022.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astana+renamed+as+Nur-Sultan&rft.pub=Kazinform&rft.date=2019-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inform.kz%2Fen%2Fastana-renamed-as-nur-sultan_a3510137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3APovijest+Kazahstana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DW-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DW_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/nursultan-not-astana-kazakhstan-renames-capital-to-honor-nazarbayev/a-47984590">Nursultan, not Astana – Kazakhstan renames capital to honor Nazarbayev</a>. Deutsche Welle. Inačica izvorne stranice <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190322130343/https://www.dw.com/en/nursultan-not-astana-kazakhstan-renames-capital-to-honor-nazarbayev/a-47984590">arhivirana</a> 22. ožujka 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 23. ožujka 2019.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nursultan%2C+not+Astana+%E2%80%93+Kazakhstan+renames+capital+to+honor+Nazarbayev&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fnursultan-not-astana-kazakhstan-renames-capital-to-honor-nazarbayev%2Fa-47984590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3APovijest+Kazahstana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/world/europe/2022/09/13/president-kazakhstans-capital-will-again-be-called-astana.html">President: Kazakhstan's capital will again be called Astana</a>. <i>thestar.com</i>. 13. rujna 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 14. rujna 2022.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thestar.com&rft.atitle=President%3A+Kazakhstan%27s+capital+will+again+be+called+Astana&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F2022%2F09%2F13%2Fpresident-kazakhstans-capital-will-again-be-called-astana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3APovijest+Kazahstana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.com/world/1509213">Kazakhstan's president signs decree to rename capital city to Astana</a>. <i>TASS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 17. rujna 2022.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TASS&rft.atitle=Kazakhstan%27s+president+signs+decree+to+rename+capital+city+to+Astana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.com%2Fworld%2F1509213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3APovijest+Kazahstana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#eeeeee" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;background:#eeeeee;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Povijest_Europe" title="Predložak:Povijest Europe"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";background:#eeeeee;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Povijest_Europe&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#eeeeee;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Povijest_Europe" title="Povijest Europe">Povijest</a> <a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEava" title="Država">država</a> u <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europi</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#eeeeee;">Samostalne države</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Povijest_Albanije" title="Povijest Albanije">Albanija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Andore" title="Povijest Andore">Andora</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Austrije" title="Povijest Austrije">Austrija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Azerbajd%C5%BEana" title="Povijest Azerbajdžana">Azerbajdžan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Belgije" title="Povijest Belgije">Belgija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Bjelorusije" title="Povijest Bjelorusije">Bjelorusija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Bosne_i_Hercegovine" title="Povijest Bosne i Hercegovine">Bosna i Hercegovina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Bugarske" title="Povijest Bugarske">Bugarska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Cipra" title="Povijest Cipra">Cipar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Crne_Gore" class="mw-redirect" title="Povijest Crne Gore">Crna Gora</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_%C4%8Ce%C5%A1ke" title="Povijest Češke">Češka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Danske" title="Povijest Danske">Danska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Estonije" title="Povijest Estonije">Estonija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Finske" title="Povijest Finske">Finska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Francuske" title="Povijest Francuske">Francuska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Gr%C4%8Dke" title="Povijest Grčke">Grčka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Gruzije" title="Povijest Gruzije">Gruzija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Hrvatske" class="mw-redirect" title="Povijest Hrvatske">Hrvatska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Irske" title="Povijest Irske">Irska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Islanda" title="Povijest Islanda">Island</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Italije" title="Povijest Italije">Italija</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazahstan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Kosova" title="Povijest Kosova">Kosovo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Latvije" title="Povijest Latvije">Latvija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Lihten%C5%A1tajna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Lihtenštajna (stranica ne postoji)">Lihtenštajn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Litve" title="Povijest Litve">Litva</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Luksemburga" title="Povijest Luksemburga">Luksemburg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Ma%C4%91arske" title="Povijest Mađarske">Mađarska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Malte" title="Povijest Malte">Malta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Moldavije" title="Povijest Moldavije">Moldova</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Monaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Monaka (stranica ne postoji)">Monako</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Nizozemske" title="Povijest Nizozemske">Nizozemska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Norve%C5%A1ke" title="Povijest Norveške">Norveška</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Njema%C4%8Dke" title="Povijest Njemačke">Njemačka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Poljske" title="Povijest Poljske">Poljska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Portugala" title="Povijest Portugala">Portugal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Rumunjske" title="Povijest Rumunjske">Rumunjska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Rusije" title="Povijest Rusije">Rusija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_San_Marina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest San Marina (stranica ne postoji)">San Marino</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Sjeverne_Makedonije" title="Povijest Sjeverne Makedonije">Sjeverna Makedonija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Slova%C4%8Dke" title="Povijest Slovačke">Slovačka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Slovenije" title="Povijest Slovenije">Slovenija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Srbije" title="Povijest Srbije">Srbija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_%C5%A0panjolske" title="Povijest Španjolske">Španjolska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_%C5%A0vedske" title="Povijest Švedske">Švedska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_%C5%A0vicarske" title="Povijest Švicarske">Švicarska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Turske" title="Povijest Turske">Turska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Ujedinjenog_Kraljevstva" title="Povijest Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva">Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Ukrajine" title="Povijest Ukrajine">Ukrajina</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Vatikana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Vatikana (stranica ne postoji)">Vatikan</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Popis_zavisnih_teritorija" title="Popis zavisnih teritorija">Zavisni teritoriji</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Akrotirija_i_Dhekelije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Akrotirija i Dhekelije (stranica ne postoji)">Akrotiri i Dhekelia</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_%C3%85landskih_otoka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Ålandskih otoka (stranica ne postoji)">Ålandski otoci</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Gibraltara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Gibraltara (stranica ne postoji)">Gibraltar</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Grenlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Grenlanda (stranica ne postoji)">Grenland</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Guernseya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Guernseya (stranica ne postoji)">Guernsey</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_otoka_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest otoka Man (stranica ne postoji)">Otok Man</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_F%C3%B8royara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Føroyara (stranica ne postoji)">Føroyar</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Jerseya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Jerseya (stranica ne postoji)">Jersey</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Jan_Mayena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Jan Mayena (stranica ne postoji)">Jan Mayen</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Svalbarda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Svalbarda (stranica ne postoji)">Svalbard</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Popis_nepriznatih_dr%C5%BEava" title="Popis nepriznatih država">Nepriznate države</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Abhazije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Abhazije (stranica ne postoji)">Abhazija</a> <small>(Gruzija)</small> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Gorskog_Karabaha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Gorskog Karabaha (stranica ne postoji)">Gorski Karabah</a> <small>(Azerbajdžan)</small><sup>2)</sup> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Ju%C5%BEne_Osetije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Južne Osetije (stranica ne postoji)">Južna Osetija</a> <small>(Gruzija)</small> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Pridnjestrovske_Moldavske_Republike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Pridnjestrovske Moldavske Republike (stranica ne postoji)">Pridnjestrovlje</a> <small>(Moldova)</small> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Turske_Republike_Sjeverni_Cipar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Turske Republike Sjeverni Cipar (stranica ne postoji)">Turska Republika Sjeverni Cipar</a> <small>(Cipar)</small><sup>2)</sup></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-iznadispod" style=";background:#eeeeee" colspan="2"><div> <p><sup>1)</sup> Značajan dio teritorija se nalazi u <a href="/wiki/Azija" title="Azija">Aziji</a>.  <sup>2)</sup> U potpunosti u Aziji, ali ima društvene i političke veze s Europom.  <sup>3)</sup> Posjeduje zavisne ili slične teritorije izvan Europe. </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Povijest_Azije" title="Predložak:Povijest Azije"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Povijest_Azije&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Povijest_Azije" title="Povijest Azije">Povijest država u Aziji</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Popis_dr%C5%BEava" class="mw-redirect" title="Popis država">Samostalne države</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Povijest_Afganistana" title="Povijest Afganistana">Afganistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Armenije" title="Povijest Armenije">Armenija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Azerbajd%C5%BEana" title="Povijest Azerbajdžana">Azerbajdžan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Bahreina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Bahreina (stranica ne postoji)">Bahrein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Banglade%C5%A1a" title="Povijest Bangladeša">Bangladeš</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Bruneja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Bruneja (stranica ne postoji)">Brunej</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Butana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Butana (stranica ne postoji)">Butan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Cipra" title="Povijest Cipra">Cipar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Egipta" title="Povijest Egipta">Egipat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Filipina" title="Povijest Filipina">Filipini</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Gruzije" title="Povijest Gruzije">Gruzija</a><sup>1)</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Indije" title="Povijest Indije">Indija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Indonezije" title="Povijest Indonezije">Indonezija</a><sup>2)</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Iraka" title="Povijest Iraka">Irak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Irana" title="Povijest Irana">Iran</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Isto%C4%8Dnog_Timora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Istočnog Timora (stranica ne postoji)">Istočni Timor</a><sup>2)</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Izraela" class="mw-redirect" title="Povijest Izraela">Izrael</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Japana" title="Povijest Japana">Japan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Jemena" title="Povijest Jemena">Jemen</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Jordana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Jordana (stranica ne postoji)">Jordan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Ju%C5%BEne_Koreje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Južne Koreje (stranica ne postoji)">Južna Koreja</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Kambod%C5%BEe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Kambodže (stranica ne postoji)">Kambodža</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Katara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Katara (stranica ne postoji)">Katar</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazahstan</a><sup>1)</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Kine" title="Povijest Kine">Kina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Kirgistana" title="Povijest Kirgistana">Kirgistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Kuvajta" title="Povijest Kuvajta">Kuvajt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Laosa" title="Povijest Laosa">Laos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Libanona" title="Povijest Libanona">Libanon</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Maldiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Maldiva (stranica ne postoji)">Maldivi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Malezije" title="Povijest Malezije">Malezija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Mjanmara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Mjanmara (stranica ne postoji)">Mjanmar</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Mongolije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Mongolije (stranica ne postoji)">Mongolija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Nepala" title="Povijest Nepala">Nepal</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Omana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Omana (stranica ne postoji)">Oman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Pakistana" title="Povijest Pakistana">Pakistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Rusije" title="Povijest Rusije">Rusija</a><sup>1)</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Saudijske_Arabije" title="Povijest Saudijske Arabije">Saudijska Arabija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Singapura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Singapura (stranica ne postoji)">Singapur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Sirije" title="Povijest Sirije">Sirija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Sjeverne_Koreje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Sjeverne Koreje (stranica ne postoji)">Sjeverna Koreja</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_%C5%A0ri_Lanke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Šri Lanke (stranica ne postoji)">Šri Lanka</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Tad%C5%BEikistana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Tadžikistana (stranica ne postoji)">Tadžikistan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Tajlanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Tajlanda (stranica ne postoji)">Tajland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Tajvana" title="Povijest Tajvana">Tajvan</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Turkmenistana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Turkmenistana (stranica ne postoji)">Turkmenistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Turske" title="Povijest Turske">Turska</a><sup>1)</sup> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Ujedinjenih_Arapskih_Emirata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Ujedinjenih Arapskih Emirata (stranica ne postoji)">Ujedinjeni Arapski Emirati</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Uzbekistana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Uzbekistana (stranica ne postoji)">Uzbekistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povijest_Vijetnama" title="Povijest Vijetnama">Vijetnam</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">Ostali teritoriji</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Hong_Konga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Hong Konga (stranica ne postoji)">Hong Kong</a> (PUR NR Kine) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Makaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Makaa (stranica ne postoji)">Makao</a> (PUR NR Kine)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Popis_nepriznatih_dr%C5%BEava" title="Popis nepriznatih država">Nepriznate države</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Abhazije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Abhazije (stranica ne postoji)">Abhazija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Gorskog_Karabaha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Gorskog Karabaha (stranica ne postoji)">Gorski Karabah</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Ju%C5%BEne_Osetije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Južne Osetije (stranica ne postoji)">Južna Osetija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Palestine (stranica ne postoji)">Pojas Gaze i Zapadna obala</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijest_Sjevernog_Cipra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijest Sjevernog Cipra (stranica ne postoji)">Turska Republika Sjeverni Cipar</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-iznadispod" style=";" colspan="2"><small> <sup>1)</sup> Djelomično u <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europi</a>. • <sup>2)</sup> Smatra se i dijelom <a href="/wiki/Oceanija" title="Oceanija">Oceanije</a>. 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