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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Layers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Layers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Layers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Layers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Support</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_ligaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_ligaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Major ligaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_ligaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Axis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Axis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Axis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Axis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Position" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Position"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Position</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Position-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blood,_lymph,_and_nerve_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blood,_lymph,_and_nerve_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Blood, lymph, and nerve supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blood,_lymph,_and_nerve_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Malformations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malformations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Malformations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malformations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surgery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surgery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Surgery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surgery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transplants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transplants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Transplants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transplants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Additional images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Uterus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 114 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">114 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baarmoeder" title="Baarmoeder – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Baarmoeder" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85" title="رحم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رحم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utero" title="Utero – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Utero" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%AA%DC%92%DC%A5%DC%90" title="ܡܪܒܥܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܪܒܥܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81" title="জৰায়ু – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জৰায়ু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ateru" title="Úteru – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Úteru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membyryru" title="Membyryru – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Membyryru" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C5%9Faql%C4%B1q_(anatomiya)" title="Uşaqlıq (anatomiya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Uşaqlıq (anatomiya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81" title="জরায়ু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জরায়ু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%E2%81%BF-ki%C3%A1%E2%81%BF-t%C4%93" title="Seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seⁿ-kiáⁿ-tē" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Матка жанчыны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Матка жанчыны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Маціца – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Маціца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AD" title="गरभ – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गरभ" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Матка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Матка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B" title="བུ་ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བུ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materica" title="Materica – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Materica" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ater" title="Úter – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Úter" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%9Bloha" title="Děloha – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Děloha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chibereko" title="Chibereko – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chibereko" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croth" title="Croth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Croth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livmoder" title="Livmoder – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Livmoder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudder_(Uterus)" title="Mudder (Uterus) – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Mudder (Uterus)" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geb%C3%A4rmutter" title="Gebärmutter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gebärmutter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ރަހިމު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރަހިމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emakas" title="Emakas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Emakas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Μήτρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μήτρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Atero" title="Útero – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Útero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utero" title="Utero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Utero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umetoki" title="Umetoki – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Umetoki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85" title="رحم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رحم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ut%C3%A9rus" title="Utérus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Utérus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liifmoer" title="Liifmoer – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Liifmoer" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ataras" title="Útaras – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Útaras" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machlag" title="Machlag – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Machlag" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Atero" title="Útero – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Útero" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EA%B6%81" title="자궁 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자궁" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Արգանդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արգանդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AF" title="गर्भाशय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गर्भाशय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternica" title="Maternica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Maternica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utero" title="Utero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Utero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahim" title="Rahim – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rahim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utero" title="Utero – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Utero" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Atere" title="Útere – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Útere" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utero" title="Utero – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Utero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%9D" title="רחם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רחם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahim" title="Rahim – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Rahim" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%A9%C9%A3a_n%CA%8Bm%CA%8B%CA%8B" title="Pɩɣa nʋmʋʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɩɣa nʋmʋʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%DA%86%DB%81%D9%95_%D8%AF%D9%B2%D9%86%D8%A0" title="بَچہٕ دٲنؠ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بَچہٕ دٲنؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Жатыр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жатыр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbo_la_uzazi" title="Tumbo la uzazi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tumbo la uzazi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matris" title="Matris – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Matris" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malzarok" title="Malzarok – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Malzarok" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Жатын – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жатын" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Uterus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzemde" title="Dzemde – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzemde" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimda" title="Gimda – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gimda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eb%C3%B3teli" title="Ebóteli – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ebóteli" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9h_(anat%C3%B3mia)" title="Méh (anatómia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Méh (anatómia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahim" title="Rahim – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Rahim" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Материца – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Материца" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഗർഭപാത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗർഭപാത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AF" title="गर्भाशय – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गर्भाशय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahim" title="Rahim – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rahim" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ik-m%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Háik-mō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Háik-mō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="သားအိမ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သားအိမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baarmoeder" title="Baarmoeder – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Baarmoeder" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0" title="पाठेघर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पाठेघर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8" title="युटेरस – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="युटेरस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%AE%AE" title="子宮 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="子宮" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livmor" title="Livmor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Livmor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livmor" title="Livmor – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Livmor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ut%C3%A8r" title="Utèr – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Utèr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachadon" title="Bachadon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bachadon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਬੱਚੇਦਾਨੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੱਚੇਦਾਨੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85" title="رحم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رحم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macica" title="Macica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Macica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Atero" title="Útero – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Útero" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uter" title="Uter – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uter" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisma" title="Kisma – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kisma" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Матка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Матка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Матка человека – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Матка человека" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%99teru" title="Ùteru – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ùteru" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Womb" title="Womb – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Womb" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra_(anatomi)" title="Mitra (anatomi) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mitra (anatomi)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Uterus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternica" title="Maternica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maternica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternica" title="Maternica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Maternica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmogaleen" title="Ilmogaleen – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ilmogaleen" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مناڵدان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مناڵدان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Материца – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Материца" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materica" title="Materica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Materica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianakan" title="Pianakan – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pianakan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohtu" title="Kohtu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kohtu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livmoder" title="Livmoder – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Livmoder" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahay-bata" title="Bahay-bata – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bahay-bata" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88" title="கருப்பை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கருப்பை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isirew" title="Isirew – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Isirew" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Аналык – Tatar" lang="tt" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Womb_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Womb (disambiguation)">Womb (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>"In utero" redirects here. For the album by Nirvana, see <a href="/wiki/In_Utero" title="In Utero"><i>In Utero</i></a>.</span> <span>"Uterine" redirects here. For maternal half-siblings, see <a href="/wiki/Uterine_siblings" class="mw-redirect" title="Uterine siblings">Uterine siblings</a>.</span> <span>"Intrauterine" redirects here. For the contraceptive devices, see <a href="/wiki/Intrauterine_device" title="Intrauterine device">Intrauterine device</a>.</span> <span>"Hystera" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Hysteria" title="Hysteria">Hysteria</a>.</span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Uterus</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Illu_cervix.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Illu_cervix.svg/260px-Illu_cervix.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Illu_cervix.svg/390px-Illu_cervix.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Illu_cervix.svg/520px-Illu_cervix.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2316" data-file-height="1258" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Diagram of human uterus and surrounding structures</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">Precursor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paramesonephric_duct" title="Paramesonephric duct">Paramesonephric ducts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">System</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_system" title="Reproductive system">Reproductive system</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Artery</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ovarian_artery" title="Ovarian artery">Ovarian artery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uterine_artery" title="Uterine artery">uterine artery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Vein" title="Vein">Vein</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Uterine_veins" class="mw-redirect" title="Uterine veins">Uterine veins</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lymph" title="Lymph">Lymph</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Body and cervix to <a href="/wiki/Internal_iliac_lymph_nodes" title="Internal iliac lymph nodes">internal iliac lymph nodes</a>, fundus to <a href="/wiki/Para-aortic_lymph_nodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Para-aortic lymph nodes">para-aortic lymph nodes</a>, lumbar and superficial inguinal lymph nodes</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>uterus</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>ὑστέρα (hystéra)</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014599">D014599</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/09.1.03.001%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A09.1.03.001</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=3500">3500</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma17558">17558</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612" class="extiw" title="d:Q9612">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>uterus</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>uterus</i>, <abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: <b>uteri</b> or uteruses) or <b>womb</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Hollow_organ" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollow organ">organ</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_system" title="Reproductive system">reproductive system</a> of most <a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">female</a> <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, including humans, that accommodates the <a href="/wiki/Embryonic_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryonic development">embryonic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prenatal_development" title="Prenatal development">fetal development</a> of one or more <a href="/wiki/Fertilized_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilized egg">fertilized eggs</a> until <a href="/wiki/Birth" title="Birth">birth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The uterus is a <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormone</a>-responsive <a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">sex organ</a> that contains <a href="/wiki/Uterine_gland" title="Uterine gland">glands</a> in its <a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">lining</a> that secrete <a href="/wiki/Uterine_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="Uterine milk">uterine milk</a> for embryonic nourishment. (The term <i>uterus</i> is also applied to analogous structures in some non-mammalian animals.) </p><p>In the human, the lower end of the uterus is a narrow part known as the <a href="/wiki/Uterine_isthmus" title="Uterine isthmus">isthmus</a> that connects to the <a href="/wiki/Cervix" title="Cervix">cervix</a>, the anterior gateway leading to the <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a>. The upper end, the body of the uterus, is connected to the <a href="/wiki/Fallopian_tubes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fallopian tubes">fallopian tubes</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Uterine_horns" title="Uterine horns">uterine horns</a>; the rounded part, the fundus, is above the openings to the fallopian tubes. The connection of the <a href="/wiki/Uterine_cavity" title="Uterine cavity">uterine cavity</a> with a fallopian tube is called the <a href="/wiki/Uterotubal_junction" title="Uterotubal junction">uterotubal junction</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">fertilized egg</a> is carried to the uterus along the fallopian tube. It will have <a href="/wiki/Cleavage_(embryo)" title="Cleavage (embryo)">divided</a> on its journey to form a <a href="/wiki/Blastocyst" title="Blastocyst">blastocyst</a> that will <a href="/wiki/Implantation_(embryology)" title="Implantation (embryology)">implant</a> itself into the lining of the uterus – the <a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">endometrium</a>, where it will receive nutrients and develop into the <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryo</a> proper, and later <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetus</a>, for the duration of the <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Human_embryonic_development" title="Human embryonic development">human embryo</a>, the uterus develops from the <a href="/wiki/Paramesonephric_duct" title="Paramesonephric duct">paramesonephric ducts</a>, which fuse into the single organ known as a simplex uterus. The uterus has different forms in many other animals and in some it exists as two separate uteri known as a duplex uterus. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a> and related professions, the term <i>uterus</i> is consistently used, while the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a>-derived term <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/womb" class="extiw" title="wikt:womb">womb</a></i> is commonly used in everyday contexts. Events occurring within the uterus are described with the term <b>in utero</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3D_Medical_Animation_Uterus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Different regions of the uterus displayed and labelled using a 3D medical animation still shot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/3D_Medical_Animation_Uterus.jpg/261px-3D_Medical_Animation_Uterus.jpg" decoding="async" width="261" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/3D_Medical_Animation_Uterus.jpg/392px-3D_Medical_Animation_Uterus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/3D_Medical_Animation_Uterus.jpg/522px-3D_Medical_Animation_Uterus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Different regions of the uterus, and the <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a>, displayed and labelled using a 3D medical illustration</figcaption></figure> <p>In humans, the uterus is located within the <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">pelvic region</a> immediately behind and almost overlying the <a href="/wiki/Urinary_bladder" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary bladder">bladder</a>, and in front of the <a href="/wiki/Sigmoid_colon" title="Sigmoid colon">sigmoid colon</a>. The human uterus is pear-shaped and about 7.6 cm (3.0 in) long, 4.5 cm (1.8 in) broad (side to side), and 3.0 cm (1.2 in) thick.<sup id="cite_ref-Manual_of_Obstetrics_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manual_of_Obstetrics-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A typical adult uterus weighs about 60 grams. The uterus can be divided anatomically into four regions: the <b>fundus</b> – the uppermost rounded portion of the uterus above the openings of the <a href="/wiki/Fallopian_tube" title="Fallopian tube">fallopian tubes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-openstax_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openstax-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <b>body</b>, the <a href="/wiki/Cervix" title="Cervix">cervix</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cervical_canal" title="Cervical canal">cervical canal</a>. The cervix protrudes into the <a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">vagina</a>. The uterus is held in position within the pelvis by <a href="/wiki/Ligaments" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligaments">ligaments</a>, which are part of the <a href="/wiki/Endopelvic_fascia" class="mw-redirect" title="Endopelvic fascia">endopelvic fascia</a>. These ligaments include the <a href="/wiki/Pubocervical_ligaments" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubocervical ligaments">pubocervical ligaments</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_ligament" title="Cardinal ligament">cardinal ligaments</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Uterosacral_ligament" title="Uterosacral ligament">uterosacral ligaments</a>. It is covered by a sheet-like fold of peritoneum, the <a href="/wiki/Broad_ligament" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad ligament">broad ligament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Layers">Layers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Layers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right" style="margin-left:10px;"> <caption>Uterine wall thickness (cm)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Location</th> <th>Mean (mm)</th> <th>Range (mm) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Anterior wall</td> <td>23</td> <td>17 - 25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Posterior wall</td> <td>21</td> <td>15 - 25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fundus</td> <td>20</td> <td>15 - 22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Isthmus</td> <td>10</td> <td>8 - 22 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1169.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray1169.png/220px-Gray1169.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray1169.png/330px-Gray1169.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Gray1169.png/440px-Gray1169.png 2x" data-file-width="597" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Vertical section of mucous membrane of human uterus</figcaption></figure> <p>The uterus has three layers, which together form the <b>uterine wall</b>. From innermost to outermost, these layers are the <a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">endometrium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myometrium" title="Myometrium">myometrium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Perimetrium" title="Perimetrium">perimetrium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-T_and_D_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-T_and_D-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The endometrium is the inner <a href="/wiki/Epithelium" title="Epithelium">epithelial layer</a>, along with its <a href="/wiki/Mucous_membrane" title="Mucous membrane">mucous membrane</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammalian</a> uterus. It has a basal layer and a functional layer; the functional layer thickens and then is shed during the <a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" title="Menstrual cycle">menstrual cycle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Estrous_cycle" title="Estrous cycle">estrous cycle</a>. During <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Uterine_gland" title="Uterine gland">uterine glands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a> in the endometrium further increase in size and number and form the <a href="/wiki/Decidua" title="Decidua">decidua</a>. Vascular spaces fuse and become interconnected, forming the <a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">placenta</a>, which supplies <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> and nutrition to the <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-histology_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-histology-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guyton2006_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guyton2006-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The myometrium of the uterus mostly consists of <a href="/wiki/Smooth_muscle" title="Smooth muscle">smooth muscle</a>. The innermost layer of myometrium is known as the <b>junctional zone</b>, which becomes thickened in <a href="/wiki/Adenomyosis" title="Adenomyosis">adenomyosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The perimetrium is a <a href="/wiki/Serous_membrane" title="Serous membrane">serous</a> layer of visceral <a href="/wiki/Peritoneum" title="Peritoneum">peritoneum</a>. It covers the outer surface of the uterus.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Surrounding the uterus is a layer or band of fibrous and fatty connective tissue called the <a href="/wiki/Parametrium" title="Parametrium">parametrium</a> that connects the uterus to other tissues of the pelvis. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Commensalism" title="Commensalism">Commensal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(biology)" title="Mutualism (biology)">mutualistic</a> organisms are present in the uterus and form the <a href="/wiki/Uterine_microbiome" title="Uterine microbiome">uterine microbiome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FranasiakScott2015_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FranasiakScott2015-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Verstrael6_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verstrael6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MorKwon2015_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MorKwon2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PayneBayatibojakhi2014_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PayneBayatibojakhi2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support">Support</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Support"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1161.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray1161.png/220px-Gray1161.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray1161.png/330px-Gray1161.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gray1161.png/440px-Gray1161.png 2x" data-file-width="911" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>Uterus covered by the broad ligament</figcaption></figure> <p>The uterus is primarily supported by the <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_diaphragm" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelvic diaphragm">pelvic diaphragm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perineal_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Perineal body">perineal body</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Urogenital_diaphragm" title="Urogenital diaphragm">urogenital diaphragm</a>. Secondarily, it is supported by ligaments, including the <a href="/wiki/Peritoneal_ligament" title="Peritoneal ligament">peritoneal ligament</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Broad_ligament_of_uterus" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad ligament of uterus">broad ligament of uterus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ucc_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Major_ligaments">Major ligaments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Major ligaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The uterus is held in place by several peritoneal ligaments, of which the following are the most important (there are two of each): </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>From</th> <th>To </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uterosacral_ligaments" class="mw-redirect" title="Uterosacral ligaments">Uterosacral ligaments</a></td> <td>Posterior cervix</td> <td>Anterior face of <a href="/wiki/Sacrum" title="Sacrum">sacrum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_ligaments" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal ligaments">Cardinal ligaments</a></td> <td>Side of the cervix</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ischial_spine" title="Ischial spine">Ischial spines</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pubocervical_ligaments" class="mw-redirect" title="Pubocervical ligaments">Pubocervical ligaments</a><sup id="cite_ref-ucc_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Side of the cervix</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pubic_symphysis" title="Pubic symphysis">Pubic symphysis</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Axis">Axis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Axis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Normally, the human uterus lies in anteversion and anteflexion. In most women, the long axis of the uterus is bent forward on the long axis of the vagina, against the urinary bladder. This position is referred to as anteversion of the uterus. Furthermore, the long axis of the body of the uterus is bent forward at the level of the internal os with the long axis of the cervix. This position is termed anteflexion of the uterus.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The uterus assumes an anteverted position in 50% of women, a retroverted position in 25% of women, and a midposed position in the remaining 25% of women.<sup id="cite_ref-Manual_of_Obstetrics_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manual_of_Obstetrics-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Position">Position</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Position"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Figure_28_02_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Figure_28_02_01.JPG/220px-Figure_28_02_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Figure_28_02_01.JPG/330px-Figure_28_02_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Figure_28_02_01.JPG/440px-Figure_28_02_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption>Uterus shown in position in the body</figcaption></figure> <p>The uterus is located in the middle of the pelvic cavity, in the <a href="/wiki/Frontal_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontal plane">frontal plane</a> (due to the <a href="/wiki/Broad_ligament_of_the_uterus" title="Broad ligament of the uterus">broad ligament of the uterus</a>). The fundus does not extend above the <i><a href="/wiki/Linea_terminalis" title="Linea terminalis">linea terminalis</a></i>, while the vaginal part of the cervix does not extend below the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interspinal_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interspinal line (page does not exist)">interspinal line</a>. The uterus is mobile and moves posteriorly under the pressure of a full bladder, or anteriorly under the pressure of a full rectum. If both are full, it moves upwards. Increased intra-abdominal pressure pushes it downwards. The mobility is conferred to it by a musculo-fibrous apparatus that consists of suspensory and sustentacular parts. Under normal circumstances, the suspensory part keeps the uterus in anteflexion and anteversion (in 90% of women) and keeps it "floating" in the pelvis. The meanings of these terms are described below: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uterus_image-Photoroom.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Uterus_image-Photoroom.png/220px-Uterus_image-Photoroom.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Uterus_image-Photoroom.png/330px-Uterus_image-Photoroom.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Uterus_image-Photoroom.png/440px-Uterus_image-Photoroom.png 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Top-down view of the uterus and other pelvic organs, here, depicted as they are usually positioned inside the body.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Distinction</th> <th>More common</th> <th>Less common </th></tr> <tr> <td>Position tipped</td> <td>"Anteverted": Tipped forward</td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Retroverted_uterus" title="Retroverted uterus">Retroverted</a>": Tipped backwards </td></tr> <tr> <td>Position of fundus</td> <td>"Anteflexed": Fundus is pointing forward relative to the cervix</td> <td>"Retroflexed": Fundus is pointing backward </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Positions_of_the_human_uterus_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Positions_of_the_human_uterus_1.png/220px-Positions_of_the_human_uterus_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Positions_of_the_human_uterus_1.png/330px-Positions_of_the_human_uterus_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Positions_of_the_human_uterus_1.png/440px-Positions_of_the_human_uterus_1.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>1. Anteversion with slight anteflexion<br /> 2. Anteversion with marked anteflexion<br /> 3. Anteversion with retrocession<br /> 4. Retroversion<br /> 5. Retroversion with retroflexion</figcaption></figure> <p>The sustentacular part supports the pelvic organs and comprises the larger <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_diaphragm" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelvic diaphragm">pelvic diaphragm</a> in the back and the smaller <a href="/wiki/Urogenital_diaphragm" title="Urogenital diaphragm">urogenital diaphragm</a> in the front. </p><p>The pathological changes of the position of the uterus are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retroverted_uterus" title="Retroverted uterus">retroversion</a>/retroflexion, if it is fixed</li> <li>hyperanteflexion – tipped too forward; most commonly congenital, but may be caused by tumors</li> <li>anteposition, retroposition, lateroposition – the whole uterus is moved; caused by <a href="/wiki/Parametritis" title="Parametritis">parametritis</a> or tumors</li> <li>elevation, descensus, <a href="/wiki/Uterine_prolapse" title="Uterine prolapse">prolapse</a></li> <li>rotation (the whole uterus rotates around its longitudinal axis), torsion (only the body of the uterus rotates around)</li> <li>inversion</li></ul> <p>In cases where the uterus is "tipped", also known as <a href="/wiki/Retroverted_uterus" title="Retroverted uterus">retroverted uterus</a>, the woman may have symptoms of pain during sexual intercourse, pelvic pain during menstruation, minor incontinence, urinary tract infections, fertility difficulties,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and difficulty using tampons. A pelvic examination by a doctor can determine if a uterus is tipped.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blood,_lymph,_and_nerve_supply"><span id="Blood.2C_lymph.2C_and_nerve_supply"></span>Blood, lymph, and nerve supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Blood, lymph, and nerve supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uterine_arterial_vasculature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Uterine_arterial_vasculature.svg/150px-Uterine_arterial_vasculature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Uterine_arterial_vasculature.svg/225px-Uterine_arterial_vasculature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Uterine_arterial_vasculature.svg/300px-Uterine_arterial_vasculature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of uterine blood supply</figcaption></figure> <p>The human uterus is supplied by arterial blood both from the <a href="/wiki/Uterine_artery" title="Uterine artery">uterine artery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_artery" title="Ovarian artery">ovarian artery</a>. Another anastomotic branch may also supply the uterus from anastomosis of these two arteries. </p><p>Afferent nerves supplying the uterus are <a href="/wiki/Spinal_nerves#Thoracic_nerves" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinal nerves">T11 and T12</a>. Sympathetic supply is from the <a href="/wiki/Superior_hypogastric_plexus" title="Superior hypogastric plexus">hypogastric plexus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_plexus" title="Ovarian plexus">ovarian plexus</a>. Parasympathetic supply is from the S2, S3 and S4 nerves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_reproductive_system" title="Development of the reproductive system">Development of the reproductive system</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_uterus_differentiates_from_the_fetal_M%C3%BCllerian_ducts..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_uterus_differentiates_from_the_fetal_M%C3%BCllerian_ducts..jpg/220px-The_uterus_differentiates_from_the_fetal_M%C3%BCllerian_ducts..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_uterus_differentiates_from_the_fetal_M%C3%BCllerian_ducts..jpg/330px-The_uterus_differentiates_from_the_fetal_M%C3%BCllerian_ducts..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_uterus_differentiates_from_the_fetal_M%C3%BCllerian_ducts..jpg/440px-The_uterus_differentiates_from_the_fetal_M%C3%BCllerian_ducts..jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Differentiation of uterus</figcaption></figure> <p>Bilateral <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCllerian_duct" class="mw-redirect" title="Müllerian duct">Müllerian ducts</a> form during early human fetal life. In males, <a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C3%BCllerian_hormone" title="Anti-Müllerian hormone">anti-Müllerian hormone</a> (AMH) secreted from the testes leads to the ducts' regression. In females, these ducts give rise to the <a href="/wiki/Fallopian_tubes" class="mw-redirect" title="Fallopian tubes">fallopian tubes</a> and the uterus. In humans, the lower segments of the two ducts fuse to form a single uterus; in cases of <a href="/wiki/Uterine_malformation" title="Uterine malformation">uterine malformations</a> this fusion may be disturbed. The different uterine morphologies among the mammals are due to varying degrees of fusion of the Müllerian ducts. </p><p>Various congenital conditions of the uterus can develop <i>in utero</i>. Though uncommon, some of these are <a href="/wiki/Didelphic_uterus" class="mw-redirect" title="Didelphic uterus">didelphic uterus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bicornate_uterus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicornate uterus">bicornate uterus</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>See also <a href="/wiki/List_of_related_male_and_female_reproductive_organs" title="List of related male and female reproductive organs">List of related male and female reproductive organs</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_female_inner_genitalia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Human_female_inner_genitalia.png/220px-Human_female_inner_genitalia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Human_female_inner_genitalia.png/330px-Human_female_inner_genitalia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Human_female_inner_genitalia.png/440px-Human_female_inner_genitalia.png 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Maximum penetration depth of the penis</figcaption></figure> <p>The primary reproductive function of the human uterus is to prepare for the implantation of a <a href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">zygote</a>, a fertilized <a href="/wiki/Egg_cell" title="Egg cell">ovum</a>, and maintenance of pregnancy if implantation occurs.<sup id="cite_ref-Critchley-2020_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Critchley-2020-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traveling along the <a href="/wiki/Fallopian_tube" title="Fallopian tube">fallopian tube</a> on its way to the uterine cavity, the zygote divides <a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">mitotically</a> to become a <a href="/wiki/Blastocyst" title="Blastocyst">blastocyst</a>, which ultimately attaches to the uterine wall and <a href="/wiki/Implantation_(embryology)" title="Implantation (embryology)">implants</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">endometrium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-openstax_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-openstax-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">placenta</a> later develops to nourish the embryo, which grows through <a href="/wiki/Human_embryonic_development" title="Human embryonic development">embryonic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prenatal_development" title="Prenatal development">fetal development</a> until <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">childbirth</a>. During this process, the uterus grows to accommodate the growing fetus.<sup id="cite_ref-Ameer-2023_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ameer-2023-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When normal labor begins, the uterus forcefully contracts as the cervix dilates, which results in delivery of the infant.<sup id="cite_ref-Ameer-2023_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ameer-2023-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the absence of pregnancy, <a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">menstruation</a> occurs.<sup id="cite_ref-Critchley-2020_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Critchley-2020-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The withdrawal of female sex hormones, <a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">estrogen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">progesterone</a>, which occurs in the absence of fertilization, triggers the shedding of the functional layer of the endometrium.<sup id="cite_ref-Critchley-2020_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Critchley-2020-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This layer is broken down, shed, and restored in anticipation of the next menstrual cycle.<sup id="cite_ref-Critchley-2020_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Critchley-2020-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average bleeding duration during menses is 5-7 days after which the menstrual cycle begins again. <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a>, the growth rate of the fetus can be assessed by measuring the <a href="/wiki/Fundal_height" title="Fundal height">fundal height</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Fluid_accumulation"></span> Some <a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">pathological</a> states include: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Endometrial_fluid_accumulation,_postmenopausal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Endometrial_fluid_accumulation%2C_postmenopausal.jpg/220px-Endometrial_fluid_accumulation%2C_postmenopausal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Endometrial_fluid_accumulation%2C_postmenopausal.jpg/330px-Endometrial_fluid_accumulation%2C_postmenopausal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Endometrial_fluid_accumulation%2C_postmenopausal.jpg/440px-Endometrial_fluid_accumulation%2C_postmenopausal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Transvaginal_ultrasonography" class="mw-redirect" title="Transvaginal ultrasonography">Transvaginal ultrasonography</a> showing a uterine fluid accumulation in a <a href="/wiki/Postmenopausal" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmenopausal">postmenopausal</a> woman.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Accumulation of fluids other than blood or of unknown constitution. One study came to the conclusion that <a href="/wiki/Postmenopausal" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmenopausal">postmenopausal</a> women with endometrial fluid collection on <a href="/wiki/Gynecologic_ultrasonography" title="Gynecologic ultrasonography">gynecologic ultrasonography</a> should undergo <a href="/wiki/Endometrial_biopsy" title="Endometrial biopsy">endometrial biopsy</a> if the endometrial lining is thicker than 3 mm or if the endometrial fluid is <a href="/wiki/Echogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Echogenic">echogenic</a>. In cases of a lining 3 mm or less and clear endometrial fluid, endometrial biopsy was not regarded to be necessary, but <a href="/wiki/Endocervical_curettage" title="Endocervical curettage">endocervical curettage</a> to rule out endocervical cancer was recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematometra" title="Hematometra">Hematometra</a>, which is accumulation of blood within the uterus.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_prolapse" title="Uterine prolapse">Prolapse of the uterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinoma_of_the_cervix" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcinoma of the cervix">Carcinoma of the cervix</a> – malignant neoplasm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinoma_of_the_uterus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcinoma of the uterus">Carcinoma of the uterus</a> – malignant neoplasm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_fibroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Uterine fibroids">Fibroids</a> – benign neoplasms</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenomyosis" title="Adenomyosis">Adenomyosis</a> – ectopic growth of endometrial tissue within the myometrium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endometritis" title="Endometritis">Endometritis</a>, infection at the uterine cavity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyometra" title="Pyometra">Pyometra</a> – infection of the uterus, most commonly seen in dogs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asherman%27s_syndrome" title="Asherman's syndrome">Asherman's syndrome</a>, also known as intrauterine <a href="/wiki/Adhesions" class="mw-redirect" title="Adhesions">adhesions</a>, occurs when the basal layer of the endometrium is damaged by instrumentation (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Dilation_and_curettage" title="Dilation and curettage">D&C</a>) or infection (e.g., endometrial <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>) resulting in endometrial scarring followed by adhesion formation that partially or completely obliterates the uterine cavity</li> <li>Myometritis – inflammation of the muscular uterine wall.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malformations">Malformations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Malformations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uterine_malformation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Uterine_malformation.jpg/220px-Uterine_malformation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Uterine_malformation.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption>Four types of <a href="/wiki/Uterine_malformation" title="Uterine malformation">uterine malformation</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Uterine_malformation" title="Uterine malformation">Uterine malformations</a> are mainly <a href="/wiki/Birth_defect" title="Birth defect">congenital malformations</a>, and include <i><a href="/wiki/Uterus_didelphys" title="Uterus didelphys">uterus didelphys</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Bicornuate_uterus" title="Bicornuate uterus">bicornuate uterus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Septate_uterus" class="mw-redirect" title="Septate uterus">septate uterus</a>. Congenital absence of the uterus is known as <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCllerian_agenesis" title="Müllerian agenesis">Müllerian agenesis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surgery">Surgery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Surgery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Hysterectomy" title="Hysterectomy">hysterectomy</a> is the surgical removal of the uterus, which may be carried out for a number of reasons including the ridding of <a href="/wiki/Neoplasm" title="Neoplasm">tumours</a> both benign and <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">malignant</a>. A complete hysterectomy involves the removal of the body, fundus, and cervix of the uterus. A partial hysterectomy may just involve the removal of the uterine body while leaving the cervix intact. It is the most commonly performed <a href="/wiki/Gynecological_surgery" title="Gynecological surgery">gynecological surgical procedure</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transplants">Transplants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transplants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Uterus_transplantation" title="Uterus transplantation">Uterus transplantations</a> have been successfully carried out in a number of countries. The transplant is intended to be temporary – recipients will have to undergo a <a href="/wiki/Hysterectomy" title="Hysterectomy">hysterectomy</a> after one or two successful pregnancies. This is done to avoid the need to take <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppressive_drug" title="Immunosuppressive drug">immunosuppressive drugs</a> for life with a consequent increased risk of infection.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The procedure remains the last resort: it is as of 2023, a relatively new and somewhat experimental procedure, performed only by certain specialist surgeons in select centres, it is expensive and unlikely to be covered by insurance, and it involves risk of infection and organ rejection. Some <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethics</a> specialists consider the risks to a live donor too great, and some find the entire procedure ethically questionable, especially since the transplant is not a life-saving procedure.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_animals">Other animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Other animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most animals that lay <a href="/wiki/Egg_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (biology)">eggs</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a>, including most <a href="/wiki/Ovoviviparity" title="Ovoviviparity">ovoviviparous</a> species, have an <a href="/wiki/Oviduct" title="Oviduct">oviduct</a> instead of a uterus. However, recent research into the biology of the <a href="/wiki/Viviparity" title="Viviparity">viviparous</a> (not merely <a href="/wiki/Ovoviviparity" title="Ovoviviparity">ovoviviparous</a>) <a href="/wiki/Skink" title="Skink">skink</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Trachylepis" title="Trachylepis">Trachylepis</a> ivensi</i> has revealed development of a very close analogue to <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">eutherian</a> mammalian placental development.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Monotreme" title="Monotreme">monotremes</a>, mammals which lay eggs, namely the <a href="/wiki/Platypus" title="Platypus">platypus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Echidna" title="Echidna">echidnas</a>, either the term <i>uterus</i> or <i>oviduct</i> is used to describe the same organ, but the egg does not develop a <a href="/wiki/Placenta" title="Placenta">placenta</a> within the mother and thus does not receive further nourishment after formation and <a href="/wiki/Fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertilization">fertilization</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Marsupials" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsupials">Marsupials</a> have two uteri, each of which connect to a lateral vagina and both use a third, middle "vagina", which functions as the birth canal.<sup id="cite_ref-Tyndale-BiscoeRenfree1987_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyndale-BiscoeRenfree1987-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nowak1999_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nowak1999-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marsupial <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryos</a> form a <a href="/wiki/Choriovitelline_placenta" title="Choriovitelline placenta">choriovitelline placenta</a> (which can be thought of as something between a monotreme egg and a "true" placenta), in which the egg's yolk sac supplies a large part of the embryo's nutrition but also attaches to the uterine wall and takes nutrients from the mother's bloodstream. However, <a href="/wiki/Bandicoots" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandicoots">bandicoots</a> also have a rudimentary chorioallantoic placenta, similar to those of placental mammals. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Forms_in_mammals"></span> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fetus" title="Fetus">fetus</a> usually develops fully in <a href="/wiki/Placentalia" title="Placentalia">placental mammals</a> and only partially in <a href="/wiki/Marsupial" title="Marsupial">marsupials</a> including <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">opossums</a>. In marsupials, the uterus forms as a duplex organ of two uteri. In monotremes such as the <a href="/wiki/Platypus" title="Platypus">platypus</a>, the uterus is duplex and rather than nurturing the embryo, secretes the shell around the egg. It is essentially identical with the <a href="/wiki/Oviduct" title="Oviduct">shell gland</a> of birds and reptiles, with which the uterus is <a href="/wiki/Homology_(biology)" title="Homology (biology)">homologous</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In mammals, the four main forms of the uterus are: duplex, bipartite, bicornuate and simplex.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Duplex</dt> <dd>There are two wholly separate uteri, with one oviduct each. Found in <a href="/wiki/Marsupial" title="Marsupial">marsupials</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_devil" title="Tasmanian devil">Tasmanian devils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opossum" title="Opossum">opossums</a>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Rodent" title="Rodent">rodents</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Mouse" title="Mouse">mice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">guinea pigs</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Lagomorphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagomorphs">lagomorphs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">hares</a>).</dd> <dt>Bipartite</dt> <dd>The two uteri are separate for most of their length, but share a single cervix. Found in <a href="/wiki/Ruminant" title="Ruminant">ruminants</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">elk</a>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Hyrax" title="Hyrax">hyraxes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cats</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a>.</dd> <dt>Bicornuate</dt> <dd>The upper parts of the uterus remain separate, but the lower parts are fused into a single structure. Found in <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">pigs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphins</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WürsigPerrin2009_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WürsigPerrin2009-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Tarsier" title="Tarsier">tarsiers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Strepsirrhini" title="Strepsirrhini">strepsirrhine</a> <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primates</a> among others.</dd> <dt>Simplex</dt> <dd>The entire uterus is fused into a single organ.<sup id="cite_ref-VB_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VB-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Found in higher <a href="/wiki/Primates" class="mw-redirect" title="Primates">primates</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Humans">humans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">chimpanzees</a>). Occasionally, some individual females (including humans) may have a <a href="/wiki/Bicornuate_uterus" title="Bicornuate uterus">bicornuate uterus</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Uterine_malformation" title="Uterine malformation">uterine malformation</a> where the two parts of the uterus fail to fuse completely during fetal development.</dd></dl> <p>Two uteri usually form initially in a female and usually male fetus, and in placental mammals, they may partially or completely fuse into a single uterus depending on the species. In many species with two uteri, only one is functional. Humans and other higher primates such as chimpanzees, usually have a single completely fused uterus, although in some individuals, the uteri may not have completely fused. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Schematic frontal view of female anatomy"><img alt="Schematic frontal view of female anatomy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg/120px-Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg/180px-Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg/240px-Scheme_female_reproductive_system-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="334" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Schematic frontal view of female anatomy</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray34.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Sectional plan of the gravid uterus in the third and fourth month"><img alt="Sectional plan of the gravid uterus in the third and fourth month" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gray34.png/120px-Gray34.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gray34.png/180px-Gray34.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gray34.png/240px-Gray34.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="383" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sectional plan of the gravid uterus in the third and fourth month</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray38.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Fetus in utero, between fifth and sixth months."><img alt="Fetus in utero, between fifth and sixth months." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Gray38.png/92px-Gray38.png" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Gray38.png/139px-Gray38.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Gray38.png/185px-Gray38.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="519" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fetus in utero, between fifth and sixth months.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide4DDD.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Uterus"><img alt="Uterus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Slide4DDD.JPG/120px-Slide4DDD.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Slide4DDD.JPG/180px-Slide4DDD.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Slide4DDD.JPG/240px-Slide4DDD.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Uterus</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_uterus" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial uterus">Artificial uterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineered_uterus" title="Engineered uterus">Engineered uterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_distinct_cell_types_in_the_adult_human_body" class="mw-redirect" title="List of distinct cell types in the adult human body">List of distinct cell types in the adult human body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">Menopause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_uterus" title="Social uterus">Social uterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicornuate_uterus" title="Unicornuate uterus">Unicornuate uterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterus-like_mass" title="Uterus-like mass">Uterus-like mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestational_sac" title="Gestational sac">Gestational sac</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLinzey2020" class="citation book cs1">Linzey, Donald W. (2020-08-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rur4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA306"><i>Vertebrate Biology: Systematics, Taxonomy, Natural History, and Conservation</i></a>. JHU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-3733-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-3733-0"><bdi>978-1-4214-3733-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vertebrate+Biology%3A+Systematics%2C+Taxonomy%2C+Natural+History%2C+and+Conservation&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft.isbn=978-1-4214-3733-0&rft.aulast=Linzey&rft.aufirst=Donald+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRur4DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUterus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manual_of_Obstetrics-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Manual_of_Obstetrics_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manual_of_Obstetrics_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Manual of Obstetrics. (3rd ed.). Elsevier 2011. pp. 1–16. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788131225561" title="Special:BookSources/9788131225561">9788131225561</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonita2015" class="citation book cs1">Donita, D'Amico (2015). <i>Health & physical assessment in nursing</i>. Barbarito, Colleen (3rd ed.). Boston: Pearson. p. 645. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780133876406" title="Special:BookSources/9780133876406"><bdi>9780133876406</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/894626609">894626609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Health+%26+physical+assessment+in+nursing&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=645&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Pearson&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F894626609&rft.isbn=9780133876406&rft.aulast=Donita&rft.aufirst=D%27Amico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUterus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-openstax-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-openstax_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-openstax_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/27-2-anatomy-and-physiology-of-the-female-reproductive-system#fig-ch28_02_06">"27.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System - Anatomy and Physiology | OpenStax"</a>. <i>openstax.org</i>. 25 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=openstax.org&rft.atitle=27.2+Anatomy+and+Physiology+of+the+Female+Reproductive+System+-+Anatomy+and+Physiology+%7C+OpenStax&rft.date=2013-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenstax.org%2Fbooks%2Fanatomy-and-physiology%2Fpages%2F27-2-anatomy-and-physiology-of-the-female-reproductive-system%23fig-ch28_02_06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUterus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gray's Anatomy for Students, 2nd edition</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNandita_PalshetkarRishma_Dhillon_PaiHrishikesh_D_Pai2012" class="citation book cs1">Nandita Palshetkar; Rishma Dhillon Pai; Hrishikesh D Pai (2012-09-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WW9bQtmpR3sC&pg=PA135"><i>Textbook of Hysteroscopy</i></a>. 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Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-33792-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-33792-2"><bdi>978-0-521-33792-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410061838/https://books.google.com/books?id=HpjovN0vXW4C&q=uterus+OR+uteri">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reproductive+Physiology+of+Marsupials&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987-01-30&rft.isbn=978-0-521-33792-2&rft.au=Hugh+Tyndale-Biscoe&rft.au=Marilyn+Renfree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHpjovN0vXW4C%26q%3Duterus%2BOR%2Buteri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUterus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nowak1999-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nowak1999_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonald_M._Nowak1999" class="citation book cs1">Ronald M. Nowak (7 April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&q=uterus"><i>Walker's Mammals of the World</i></a>. JHU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5789-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-5789-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-5789-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410044549/https://books.google.com/books?id=T37sFCl43E8C&q=uterus">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walker%27s+Mammals+of+the+World&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=1999-04-07&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-5789-8&rft.au=Ronald+M.+Nowak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT37sFCl43E8C%26q%3Duterus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUterus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VB-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VB_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VB_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomer,_Alfred_SherwoodParsons,_Thomas_S.1977" class="citation book cs1">Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). <i>The Vertebrate Body</i>. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 390–392. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-03-910284-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-03-910284-X"><bdi>0-03-910284-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vertebrate+Body&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=390-392&rft.pub=Holt-Saunders+International&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-03-910284-X&rft.au=Romer%2C+Alfred+Sherwood&rft.au=Parsons%2C+Thomas+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUterus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewitus, Eric, and Christophe Soligo. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eric_Lewitus/publication/226225069_Life-History_Correlates_of_Placental_Structure_in_Eutherian_Evolution/links/5422b6820cf290c9e3ab11f9.pdf">Life-history correlates of placental structure in eutherian evolution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170906091408/https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eric_Lewitus/publication/226225069_Life-History_Correlates_of_Placental_Structure_in_Eutherian_Evolution/links/5422b6820cf290c9e3ab11f9.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-09-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." Evolutionary Biology 38.3 (2011): 287-305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WürsigPerrin2009-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WürsigPerrin2009_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernd_WürsigWilliam_F._PerrinJ.G.M._Thewissen2009" class="citation book cs1">Bernd Würsig; William F. Perrin; J.G.M. Thewissen (26 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2rkHQpToi9sC&q=bicornuate+OR+uterus"><i>Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals</i></a>. Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-091993-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-091993-5"><bdi>978-0-08-091993-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410044551/https://books.google.com/books?id=2rkHQpToi9sC&q=bicornuate+OR+uterus">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Marine+Mammals&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2009-02-26&rft.isbn=978-0-08-091993-5&rft.au=Bernd+W%C3%BCrsig&rft.au=William+F.+Perrin&rft.au=J.G.M.+Thewissen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2rkHQpToi9sC%26q%3Dbicornuate%2BOR%2Buterus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUterus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uterus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/womb" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:womb">womb</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uterus" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:uterus">uterus</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Uterus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Uterus">uterus</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l43/010102.htm">Anatomy photo:43:01-0102</a> at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "The Female Pelvis: Organs in the Female and male Pelvis in situ"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-uterus.html">Encyclopedia.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121026003758/http://medicalterms.info/anatomy/Uterus/">Uterus Anatomy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zoylo.com/diagnostics/organs/uterus">Uterus Pregnancy</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health" title="Sexual and reproductive health">Reproductive <br />health</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Female_reproductive_system" title="Female reproductive system">Reproductive <br />tract</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">External female genitalia (vulva)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoris" title="Clitoris">Clitoris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoral_hood" title="Clitoral hood">Clitoral hood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labia_minora" title="Labia minora">Labia minora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labia_majora" title="Labia majora">Labia majora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">Vagina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervix" title="Cervix">Cervix</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallopian_tube" title="Fallopian tube">Fallopian tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">Ovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_system_disease" title="Reproductive system disease">Reproductive system disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maternal_health" title="Maternal health">Maternal <br />health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unintended_pregnancy" title="Unintended pregnancy">Unintended pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravidity_and_parity" title="Gravidity and parity">Gravidity and parity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">Obstetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antenatal_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Antenatal care">Antenatal care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_pregnancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolescent pregnancy">Adolescent pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complications_of_pregnancy" title="Complications of pregnancy">Complications of pregnancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyperemesis_gravidarum" title="Hyperemesis gravidarum">Hyperemesis gravidarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectopic_pregnancy" title="Ectopic pregnancy">Ectopic pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miscarriage" title="Miscarriage">Miscarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrical_bleeding" title="Obstetrical bleeding">Obstetrical bleeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestational_diabetes" title="Gestational diabetes">Gestational diabetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertensive_disease_of_pregnancy" title="Hypertensive disease of pregnancy">Hypertension</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preeclampsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Preeclampsia">Preeclampsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclampsia" title="Eclampsia">Eclampsia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">Childbirth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwifery" title="Midwifery">Midwifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterm_birth" title="Preterm birth">Preterm birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_births" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiple births">Multiple births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">Oxytocin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstructed_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstructed labor">Obstructed labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesarian_section" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesarian section">Cesarian section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retained_placenta" title="Retained placenta">Retained placenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrical_fistulae" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstetrical fistulae">Obstetrical fistulae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesicovaginal_fistula" title="Vesicovaginal fistula">Vesicovaginal fistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectovaginal_fistula" title="Rectovaginal fistula">Rectovaginal fistula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episiotomy" title="Episiotomy">Episiotomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Husband_stitch" title="Husband stitch">Husband stitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpartum_care" title="Postpartum care">Postpartum care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpartum_confinement" title="Postpartum confinement">Postpartum confinement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_deaths" class="mw-redirect" title="Maternal deaths">Maternal deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perinatal_mortality" title="Perinatal mortality">Perinatal mortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stillbirths" class="mw-redirect" title="Stillbirths">Stillbirths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother-to-child_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother-to-child transmission">Mother-to-child transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_sterilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Human sterilization">Sterilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding_and_mental_health" title="Breastfeeding and mental health">Breastfeeding and mental health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_life_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproductive life plan">Reproductive <br />life plan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infertility" title="Infertility">Infertility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childlessness" title="Childlessness">Childlessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_reproductive_technology" title="Assisted reproductive technology">Assisted reproductive technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_vitro_fertilization" class="mw-redirect" title="In vitro fertilization">In vitro fertilization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parenting" title="Parenting">Parenting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fostering" class="mw-redirect" title="Fostering">Fostering</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contraception" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraception">Contraception</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Family_planning" title="Family planning">family planning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intrauterine_device" title="Intrauterine device">Intrauterine devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_contraceptive_pill" title="Oral contraceptive pill">Oral contraceptives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condom" title="Condom">Condoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_contraceptive" title="Male contraceptive">Male contraceptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraceptive_prevalence" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraceptive prevalence">Contraceptive prevalence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraceptive_security" title="Contraceptive security">Contraceptive security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_parenthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Planned parenthood">Planned parenthood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertility_awareness" title="Fertility awareness">Fertility awareness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Menstruation" title="Menstruation">Menstruation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_and_menstruation" title="Culture and menstruation">Culture and menstruation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminine_hygiene" title="Feminine hygiene">Feminine hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menarche" title="Menarche">Menarche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cycle" title="Menstrual cycle">Menstrual cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_aids" class="mw-redirect" title="Menstrual aids">Menstrual aids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloth_menstrual_pad" title="Cloth menstrual pad">Cloth menstrual pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menstrual_cup" title="Menstrual cup">Menstrual cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampon" title="Tampon">Tampon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitary_napkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanitary napkin">Sanitary pad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysmenorrhea" title="Dysmenorrhea">Dysmenorrhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menorrhagia" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorrhagia">Menorrhagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenorrhoea" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenorrhoea">Amenorrhoea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">Menopause</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hormone_replacement_therapy" title="Hormone replacement therapy">Hormone replacement therapy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%">Sexual <br />health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sexually_transmittedinfections" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infections" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexually transmitted infections">Sexually transmitted<br />infections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safe_sex" title="Safe sex">Safe sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_papilloma_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Human papilloma virus">Human papilloma virus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HPV_vaccine" title="HPV vaccine">HPV vaccine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvic_inflammatory_disease" title="Pelvic inflammatory disease">Pelvic inflammatory disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoridectomy" title="Clitoridectomy">Clitoridectomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infibulation" title="Infibulation">Infibulation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_binding" title="Breast binding">Breast binding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Breast health">Breast health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_ironing" title="Breast ironing">Breast ironing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyspareunia" title="Dyspareunia">Dyspareunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_marriage" title="Forced marriage">Forced marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecological_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Gynaecological disorders">Gynaecological disorders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaginitis" title="Vaginitis">Vaginitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leblouh" title="Leblouh">Leblouh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy" title="Polygamy">Polygamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">Sexual intercourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">Orgasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puberty" title="Puberty">Puberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_differences" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex differences">Sex differences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_education" title="Sex education">Sex education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%">Non-reproductive<br /> health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Violence_against_women" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence <br />against women</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuse_during_childbirth" title="Abuse during childbirth">Abuse during childbirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_and_pregnancy" title="Domestic violence and pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimate_partner_violence" title="Intimate partner violence">Intimate partner violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">Sexual assault</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femicide" title="Femicide">Femicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_discrimination" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender discrimination">Gender discrimination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-communicable_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-communicable diseases">Non-communicable <br />diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cancer" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">Cancer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">Lung cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">Breast cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_cancer" title="Uterine cancer">Uterine cancer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endometrial_cancer" title="Endometrial cancer">Endometrial cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_cancer" title="Cervical cancer">Cervical cancer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papanicolaou_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Papanicolaou test">Papanicolaou test</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovarian_cancer" title="Ovarian cancer">Ovarian cancer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">Cardiovascular disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">Dementia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_health" title="Bone health">Bone health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">Osteoporosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_fracture" title="Hip fracture">Hip fracture</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaemia">Anaemia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">Mental health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">Depression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder" title="Major depressive disorder">Major depressive disorder</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary tract">Urinary tract</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urethra" title="Urethra">Urethra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection" title="Urinary tract infection">Urinary tract infection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_incontinence" title="Urinary incontinence">Urinary incontinence</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%">Sociocultural <br />factors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty" title="Poverty">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disadvantaged" title="Disadvantaged">Disadvantaged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_inequality" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare inequality">Healthcare inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_disparities_in_health" title="Gender disparities in health">Gender disparities in health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_justice" title="Reproductive justice">Reproductive justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_empowerment" title="Women's empowerment">Women's empowerment</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%">Politics, research<br />and advocacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Discrimination_against_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women">The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_elimination_of_violence_against_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration on the elimination of violence against women">Declaration on the elimination of violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_the_Girl_Child" title="International Day of the Girl Child">International Day of the Girl Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on the Status of Women">Commission on the Status of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Research_on_Women%27s_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of Research on Women's Health">Office of Research on Women's Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Health_Initiative" title="Women's Health Initiative">Women's Health Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Center_for_Research_on_Women" title="International Center for Research on Women">International Center for Research on Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurses%27_Health_Study" title="Nurses' Health Study">Nurses' Health Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Women%27s_Health_Study" title="Black Women's Health Study">Black Women's Health Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartwright_Inquiry" title="Cartwright Inquiry">Cartwright Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Women%27s_Health_Research" title="Society for Women's Health Research">Society for Women's Health Research</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #F2D4CE;;width:1%">Women's health<br />by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health_in_China" title="Women's health in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health_in_Ethiopia" title="Women's health in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health_in_India" title="Women's health in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning_in_India" title="Family planning in India">Family planning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_reproductive_health_in_Russia" title="Women's reproductive health in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_the_United_States" title="Birth control in the United States">Birth control in the United States</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #F2D4CE;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Women%27s_health" title="Category:Women's health">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Women%27s_health" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Women's health">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Women%27s_Health" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Women's Health">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Female_reproductive_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Female_reproductive_system" title="Template:Female reproductive system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Female_reproductive_system" title="Template talk:Female reproductive system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Female_reproductive_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Female reproductive system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Female_reproductive_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Female_reproductive_system" title="Female reproductive system">Female reproductive system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">Internal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uterine_appendages" title="Uterine appendages">Adnexa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ovary" title="Ovary">Ovaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ovarian_follicle" title="Ovarian follicle">Follicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Corpus</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_hemorrhagicum" title="Corpus hemorrhagicum">Hemorrhagicum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_luteum" title="Corpus luteum">Luteum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_albicans" title="Corpus albicans">Albicans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theca_of_follicle" title="Theca of follicle">Thecae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theca_externa" title="Theca externa">Externa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theca_interna" title="Theca interna">Interna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follicular_antrum" title="Follicular antrum">Follicular antrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Follicular_fluid" title="Follicular fluid">Follicular fluid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_radiata_(embryology)" title="Corona radiata (embryology)">Corona radiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zona_pellucida" title="Zona pellucida">Zona pellucida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Membrana_granulosa" title="Membrana granulosa">Membrana granulosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perivitelline_space" title="Perivitelline space">Perivitelline space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germinal_epithelium_(female)" title="Germinal epithelium (female)">Germinal epithelium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunica_albuginea_(ovaries)" title="Tunica albuginea (ovaries)">Tunica albuginea</a></li> <li><i>Cortex</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumulus_oophorus" title="Cumulus oophorus">Cumulus oophorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroma_of_ovary" title="Stroma of ovary">Stroma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medulla_of_ovary" title="Medulla of ovary">Medulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rete_ovarii" title="Rete ovarii">Retia ovarii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oogenesis" title="Oogenesis">Oogenesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oogonium" title="Oogonium">Oogonium</a></li> <li>Oocytogenesis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oocyte" title="Oocyte">Oocyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ootidogenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ootidogenesis">Ootidogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ootid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ootid">Ootid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovum">Ovum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fallopian_tube" title="Fallopian tube">Fallopian tubes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_uterine_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Isthmus of uterine tube">Isthmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampulla_of_uterine_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Ampulla of uterine tube">Ampullae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infundibulum_of_uterine_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Infundibulum of uterine tube">Infundibula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimbriae_of_uterine_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Fimbriae of uterine tube">Fimbriae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostium_of_uterine_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostium of uterine tube">Ostia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallopian_tube#Intramural_part" title="Fallopian tube">Intramural segments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">Ligaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ovarian_ligament" title="Ovarian ligament">Ovarian ligaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspensory_ligament_of_ovary" title="Suspensory ligament of ovary">Suspensory ligaments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pampiniform_plexus" title="Pampiniform plexus">Pampiniform plexus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mesonephric_duct#Female_development" title="Mesonephric duct">Wolffian vestiges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gartner%27s_duct" title="Gartner's duct">Gartner's ducts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoophoron" title="Epoophoron">Epoophora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vesicular_appendages_of_epoophoron" title="Vesicular appendages of epoophoron">Vesicular appendages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paroophoron" title="Paroophoron">Paroophora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uterus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Structure">Body</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_cavity" title="Uterine cavity">Cavity</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Structure">Fundus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_isthmus" title="Uterine isthmus">Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervix" title="Cervix">Cervix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_canal" title="Cervical canal">Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_os" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal os">Internal os</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_os" class="mw-redirect" title="External os">External os</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supravaginal_portion_of_cervix" title="Supravaginal portion of cervix">Supravaginal portion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_horns" title="Uterine horns">Horns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Layers">Layers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Uterine wall">Wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">Endometrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myometrium" title="Myometrium">Myometrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perimetrium" title="Perimetrium">Perimetrium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parametrium" title="Parametrium">Parametrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_epithelium" title="Uterine epithelium">Epithelium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Major_ligaments">Ligaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Round_ligament_of_uterus" title="Round ligament of uterus">Round ligaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_ligament_of_the_uterus" title="Broad ligament of the uterus">Broad ligaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_ligament" title="Cardinal ligament">Cardinal ligaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterosacral_ligament" title="Uterosacral ligament">Uterosacral ligaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pubocervical_ligament" title="Pubocervical ligament">Pubocervical ligaments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_gland" title="Uterine gland">Glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urogenital_diaphragm" title="Urogenital diaphragm">Urogenital diaphragm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vestibular glands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartholin%27s_gland" title="Bartholin's gland">Bartholin's glands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skene%27s_gland" title="Skene's gland">Skene's glands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vagina" title="Vagina">Vagina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaginal canal">Canal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_rugae" title="Vaginal rugae">Rugae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagina#Microanatomy" title="Vagina">Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_fornix" title="Vaginal fornix">Fornices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_support_structures" title="Vaginal support structures">Support structures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_epithelium" title="Vaginal epithelium">Epithelium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">External</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vulva" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">Vulva</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Labia" title="Labia">Labia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mons_pubis" title="Mons pubis">Mons pubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labia_majora" title="Labia majora">Labia majora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labia_majora#Pudendal_cleft" title="Labia majora">Pudendal cleft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labiocrural_folds" class="mw-redirect" title="Labiocrural folds">Labiocrural folds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labia_majora#Commissures" title="Labia majora">Anterior commissure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labia_majora#Commissures" title="Labia majora">Posterior commissure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labia_majora#Function_and_structure" title="Labia majora">Dartos muliebris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_labial_nerves" title="Posterior labial nerves">Posterior labial nerves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_labial_nerves" title="Anterior labial nerves">Anterior labial nerves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perineal_nerve" title="Perineal nerve">Perineal nerve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labia_minora" title="Labia minora">Labia minora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frenulum_of_labia_minora" title="Frenulum of labia minora">Frenulum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_labial_arteries" title="Posterior labial arteries">Posterior labial arteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_labial_veins" title="Posterior labial veins">Posterior labial veins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labia#Structure" title="Labia">Interlabial sulci</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clitoris" title="Clitoris">Clitoris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clitoris#Root" title="Clitoris">Root</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crus_of_clitoris" title="Crus of clitoris">Crura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulb_of_vestibule" title="Bulb of vestibule">Bulbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspensory_ligament_of_clitoris" title="Suspensory ligament of clitoris">Suspensory ligament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascia_of_Scarpa#Structure" title="Fascia of Scarpa">Fundiform ligament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_clitoris" class="mw-redirect" title="Body of clitoris">Body</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_cavernosum_of_clitoris" title="Corpus cavernosum of clitoris">Corpora cavernosa</a></li> <li>Trabeculae of corpora cavernosa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulb_of_vestibule#Structure" title="Bulb of vestibule">Infra-corporeal residual spongy part</a></li> <li>Angle</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulb_of_vestibule#Structure" title="Bulb of vestibule">Commissure of bulbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulb_of_vestibule#Structure" title="Bulb of vestibule">Pars intermedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clitoris#Glans" title="Clitoris">Glans</a> <ul><li>Corona</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clitoris#Frenulum" title="Clitoris">Frenulum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arteries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_artery_of_clitoris" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal artery of clitoris">Dorsal arteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_artery_of_clitoris" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep artery of clitoris">Deep arteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artery_of_bulb_of_vestibule" title="Artery of bulb of vestibule">Arteries of bulbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_pudendal_artery" title="Internal pudendal artery">Internal pudendal artery</a></li></ul></li> <li>Veins <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superficial_dorsal_veins_of_clitoris" title="Superficial dorsal veins of clitoris">Superficial dorsal veins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_dorsal_vein_of_clitoris" title="Deep dorsal vein of clitoris">Deep dorsal veins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vein_of_bulb_of_vestibule" class="mw-redirect" title="Vein of bulb of vestibule">Veins of bulbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_pudendal_veins" title="Internal pudendal veins">Internal pudendal veins</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nerves <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_nerve_of_clitoris" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal nerve of clitoris">Dorsal nerves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudendal_nerve" title="Pudendal nerve">Pudendal nerve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clitoral_hood" title="Clitoral hood">Clitoral hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</a></li> <li>Tunica albuginea</li> <li>Septum</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vulval_vestibule" title="Vulval vestibule">Vestibule</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_of_vestibule_of_vagina" title="Fossa of vestibule of vagina">Fossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagina#Vaginal_opening_and_hymen" title="Vagina">Vaginal orifice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hymen" title="Hymen">Hymen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vestibular gland openings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethra" title="Urethra">Urethra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urinary_meatus" title="Urinary meatus">External urethral orifice</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Blood supply</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arteries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ovarian_artery" title="Ovarian artery">Ovarian arteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_artery" title="Uterine artery">Uterine artery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcuate_vessels_of_uterus" title="Arcuate vessels of uterus">Arcuate artery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_artery" title="Vaginal artery">Vaginal artery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_artery" title="Spiral artery">Spiral arteries</a></li></ul></li> <li>Veins <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ovarian_vein" title="Ovarian vein">Ovarian veins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_vein" title="Uterine vein">Uterine vein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterine_venous_plexus" title="Uterine venous plexus">Uterine venous plexuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_venous_plexus" title="Vaginal venous plexus">Vaginal venous plexus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G-spot" title="G-spot">G-spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urethral_sponge" title="Urethral sponge">Urethral sponge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perineal_sponge" title="Perineal sponge">Perineal sponge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectouterine_pouch" title="Rectouterine pouch">Rectouterine pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesicouterine_pouch" title="Vesicouterine pouch">Vesicouterine pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uterotubal_junction" title="Uterotubal junction">Uterotubal junctions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1163306/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4019493-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Uterus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85141607">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Utérus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119769812">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Utérus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119769812">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570983">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="děloha"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph254769&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Útero"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX529856">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529641005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=1323&url_prefix=https:%2F%2Fwww.unifr.ch%2Fifaa%2FPublic%2FEntryPage%2FTA98%20Tree%2FEntity%20TA98%20EN%2F&url_suffix=%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm&id=A09.1.03.001">Terminologia Anatomica</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uterus&oldid=1258355425">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uterus&oldid=1258355425</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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