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Pictură - Wikipedia

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class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia" aria-label="Căutare în Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigarea de utilizator"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pictură</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> artă </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Limbă" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Limbă</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&amp;returnto=Pictur%C4%83&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" 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id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p><b>Pictura</b> este o ramură a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arte_plastice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arte plastice">artelor plastice</a> care reprezintă o posibila realitate în imagini artistice bidimensionale, create cu ajutorul culorilor aplicate pe o suprafață (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A2nz%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pânză">pânză</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A2rtie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hârtie">hârtie</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lemn?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lemn">lemn</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sticl%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sticlă">sticlă</a> etc.).<sup id="cite_ref-suse_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-suse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scopul este de a obține o compoziție cu <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Figuri_geometrice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Figuri geometrice">forme</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Culoare?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Culoare">culori</a>, texturi și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Desen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Desen">desene</a>, care dă naștere unei opere de artă în conformitate cu principiile estetice.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Henri_Fantin-Latour_A_Studio_on_the_Batignolles.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Henri_Fantin-Latour_A_Studio_on_the_Batignolles.jpg/350px-Henri_Fantin-Latour_A_Studio_on_the_Batignolles.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Henri_Fantin-Latour_A_Studio_on_the_Batignolles.jpg/525px-Henri_Fantin-Latour_A_Studio_on_the_Batignolles.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Henri_Fantin-Latour_A_Studio_on_the_Batignolles.jpg/700px-Henri_Fantin-Latour_A_Studio_on_the_Batignolles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="834"></a> <figcaption> <i>Atelier la Batignolles</i> - <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_Fantin-Latour?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henri Fantin-Latour">Henri Fantin-Latour</a>; ulei pe pânză (1870), Muzeul Orsay, Paris. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jenin.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jenin.jpg/220px-Jenin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jenin.jpg/330px-Jenin.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jenin.jpg/440px-Jenin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"></a> <figcaption> Pictând în Cisiordania </figcaption> </figure> <p>O mare parte din pictura artei occidentale și orientale este dominată de motive religioase; exemple ale acestui tip de pictură sunt scenele biblice luate din pereții catacombelor și din plafonul interior al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capela_Sixtin%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capela Sixtină">Capelei Sixtine</a>, iar ale artei orientale sunt scenele din viața lui <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buddha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> sau picturile mormintelor faraonilor egipteni care au reprezentat trecerea la imortalitate.</p> <p><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_F%C3%A9libien&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="André Félibien — pagină inexistentă">André Félibien</a> (n. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mai?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mai">mai</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1619?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1619">1619</a> – <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11_iunie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11 iunie">11 iunie</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1695?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1695">1695</a>), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arhitect?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arhitect">arhitect</a> și teoretician al clasicismului, a arătat o ierarhie de genuri, ale picturii clasice, acestea fiind „istoria, portretul, peisajul, mările, florile și fructele”.</p> <p>Pictura este una dintre cele mai vechi expresii artistice umane. În ceea ce privește estetica sau teoria artei moderne a picturii, ea este considerată o categorie universală care include toate creațiile artistice făcute pe suprafețe.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Cuprins</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Defini%C8%9Bii"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Definiții</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Genuri_de_pictur%C4%83"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Genuri de pictură</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Peisajul"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Peisajul</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Natura_moart%C4%83_(natura_static%C4%83)"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Natura moartă (natura statică)</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tehnici_importante"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Tehnici importante</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Alte_tehnici"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Alte tehnici</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Materiale"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Materiale</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Suporturi"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Suporturi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Panel_de_lemn"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Panel de lemn</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-10"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sistemul_de_consolidare"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sistemul de consolidare</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sticl%C4%83"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sticlă</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#H%C3%A2rtie"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Hârtie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cupru"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Cupru</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pensule"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Pensule</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Diluarea_(diluan%C8%9Bi_%C8%99i_ap%C4%83)"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Diluarea (diluanți și apă)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Palet%C4%83"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Paletă</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pigmen%C8%9Bi"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Pigmenți</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Note"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Note</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografie"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliografie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lectur%C4%83_suplimentar%C4%83"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Lectură suplimentară</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vezi_%C8%99i"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Vezi și</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Leg%C4%83turi_externe"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Legături externe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Definiții"><span id="Defini.C8.9Bii"></span>Definiții</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Definiții" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Așa cum s-a mai spus mai sus, pictura este o ramură a artelor plastice care interpretează realitatea în imagini bidimensionale. Conform <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://dexonline.ro/informatii%23surse"><i>Dicționarului explicativ al limbii române</i> [DEX '98]</a>, cuvântul „pictură” mai poate însemna:<sup id="cite_ref-suse_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-suse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <ul> <li>o lucrare artistică executată de un pictor (tablou); ♦ ansamblul creațiilor plastice care definesc personalitatea unui pictor; ♦ ansamblul operelor, stilurilor și procedeelor specifice pictorilor dintr-o țară, dintr-o epocă, dintr-o școală etc.;</li> <li>în literatură, o descriere sugestivă a fizicului și a caracterului personajelor, a unor scene din viața reală și din natură.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Genuri_de_pictură"><span id="Genuri_de_pictur.C4.83"></span>Genuri de pictură</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Genuri de pictură" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Peisajul">Peisajul</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Peisajul" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"> <div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"> <noscript> <img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Commons" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Commons </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Landscape_paintings?uselang%3Dro">Peisaje</a></b></span> </div> </div> <p>Încă de la finele secolului al XVI-lea, când a început să fie frecventat de artiști ca un gen de sine stătător, peisajul a evoluat rapid în preferințele acestora, devenind, în scurt timp, expresia lor favorită.<sup id="cite_ref-prado_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-prado-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Această opțiune a fost posibilă datorită deschiderii pe care un asemenea tip de imagine o oferă artistului dar și receptorului nu doar la nivel epic sau pictural cât mai ales la cel emoțional.<sup id="cite_ref-prado_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-prado-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Este motivul pentru care, timp de aproape o jumătate de mileniu, a constituit – și subiectul este încă departe de a fi epuizat – una dintre cele mai fascinante și complexe aventuri ale fenomenului artistic universal.<sup id="cite_ref-prado_2-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-prado-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Bineînțeles și arta românească, atât cât este, a fost serios marcată de subiect nu doar prin influența, așa acum prea des s-a afirmat, ci și datorită substanței noastre genetice.<sup id="cite_ref-prado_2-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-prado-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În ultimele decenii, la noi și nu numai, datorită noilor încercări de expresii vizuale (media, performance, happenind etc.) se încearcă o marginalizare a tuturor formelor de artă „clasice”, implicit a peisajului, mai ales de către tinerii creatori care le cred desuete, și în contradicție cu ceea ce ei consideră performanță.<sup id="cite_ref-prado_2-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-prado-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Este o viziune excesivă care, deși firească vârstei și mai ales momentului de criză pe care îl traversează arta de o bună perioadă de timp, nu își găsește susținerea în realitate nici la nivelul artiștilor și cu atât mai puțin la cel al consumatorului de artă.<sup id="cite_ref-prado_2-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-prado-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 609px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Claude_Monet_-_Jardin_%C3%A0_Sainte-Adresse.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Terasă la Sainte-Adresse - Claude Monet; ulei pe pânză (cca 1867), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York."> <noscript> <img alt="Terasă la Sainte-Adresse - Claude Monet; ulei pe pânză (cca 1867), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Claude_Monet_-_Jardin_%C3%A0_Sainte-Adresse.jpg/160px-Claude_Monet_-_Jardin_%C3%A0_Sainte-Adresse.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5940" data-file-height="4453"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Claude_Monet_-_Jardin_%C3%A0_Sainte-Adresse.jpg/160px-Claude_Monet_-_Jardin_%C3%A0_Sainte-Adresse.jpg" data-alt="Terasă la Sainte-Adresse - Claude Monet; ulei pe pânză (cca 1867), Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York." data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Claude_Monet_-_Jardin_%C3%A0_Sainte-Adresse.jpg/240px-Claude_Monet_-_Jardin_%C3%A0_Sainte-Adresse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Claude_Monet_-_Jardin_%C3%A0_Sainte-Adresse.jpg/320px-Claude_Monet_-_Jardin_%C3%A0_Sainte-Adresse.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Terasă la Sainte-Adresse</i> - Claude Monet; ulei pe pânză (cca 1867), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York_(ora%C8%99)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York (oraș)">New York</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Pissarro_lordship.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Gara din Upper Nordwood - Camille Pissarro; 1871, Courtald Institute Gallery."> <noscript> <img alt="Gara din Upper Nordwood - Camille Pissarro; 1871, Courtald Institute Gallery." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pissarro_lordship.jpg/160px-Pissarro_lordship.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="95" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="570"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 95px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pissarro_lordship.jpg/160px-Pissarro_lordship.jpg" data-alt="Gara din Upper Nordwood - Camille Pissarro; 1871, Courtald Institute Gallery." data-width="160" data-height="95" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pissarro_lordship.jpg/240px-Pissarro_lordship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pissarro_lordship.jpg/320px-Pissarro_lordship.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Gara din Upper Nordwood</i> - <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camille_Pissarro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a>; 1871, Courtald Institute Gallery. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Caspar_David_Friedrich_016.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Riesengebirge - Caspar David Friedrich; ulei pe pânză (cca 1835), Muzeul Ermitaj."> <noscript> <img alt="Riesengebirge - Caspar David Friedrich; ulei pe pânză (cca 1835), Muzeul Ermitaj." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Caspar_David_Friedrich_016.jpg/160px-Caspar_David_Friedrich_016.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5280" data-file-height="3744"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Caspar_David_Friedrich_016.jpg/160px-Caspar_David_Friedrich_016.jpg" data-alt="Riesengebirge - Caspar David Friedrich; ulei pe pânză (cca 1835), Muzeul Ermitaj." data-width="160" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Caspar_David_Friedrich_016.jpg/240px-Caspar_David_Friedrich_016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Caspar_David_Friedrich_016.jpg/320px-Caspar_David_Friedrich_016.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Riesengebirge</i> - <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caspar_David_Friedrich?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caspar David Friedrich">Caspar David Friedrich</a>; ulei pe pânză (cca 1835), Muzeul Ermitaj. </div></li> </ul> </div> <div style="text-align:center"> <dl> <dt> <b>Vezi și: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arta_vedutelor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arta vedutelor">Arta vedutelor</a></b> </dt> </dl> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Natura_moartă_(natura_statică)"><span id="Natura_moart.C4.83_.28natura_static.C4.83.29"></span>Natura moartă (natura statică)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Natura moartă (natura statică)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="noprint" style="clear:right;border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0 0 1em 1em;font-size:90%;background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9);color:color:var(--color-base, #000);width:230px;padding:2px;spacing:2px;text-align:center;float:right"> <div style="float:left;vertical-align:middle"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"> <noscript> <img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Commons" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Commons </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div style="margin-left:35px;line-height:normal;vertical-align:middle"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Still_life_paintings?uselang%3Dro">Naturi moarte</a></b></span> </div> </div> <p>Natura statică sau natura moartă este reprezentarea în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arte_vizuale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arte vizuale">artele vizuale</a> a unor obiecte neînsuflețite, din natură sau ordonate în mod voluntar. Prin definiție, natura moartă este un gen de reprezentare grafică sau picturală a unui grup de obiecte inanimate naturale, constând în glastră cu flori, fructe sau legume așezate pe o fructieră, vânat, o vază, sticlă, amforă, o narghilea sau un ceainic, pahare, farfurii, piese la care sunt asortate uneori și cărți, un ziar împăturit, într-o combinație artificială și un element textil ori două, ca suport cromatic.<sup id="cite_ref-maya_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-maya-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Acest tip de pictură poate fi găsit în interioarele mormintelor <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egiptul_antic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Egiptul antic">egiptene</a>. Erau reprezentate obiecte care ar fi servit în viața de dincolo a celor decedați. În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grecia_antic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Grecia antică">Grecia antică</a>, apogeul acestui gen este atins prin secolele al III-lea și al II-lea î.Hr. Lucrările respective nu au supraviețuit timpului, fiind doar menționate în diverse scrieri.<sup id="cite_ref-maya_3-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-maya-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Termenul a început să fie utilizat abia prin secolul al XVII-lea. Astfel, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a> folosește expresia <i>cose naturali</i> („lucruri naturale”) când se referă la picturile lui <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_da_Udine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Giovanni da Udine — pagină inexistentă">Giovanni da Udine</a>. Prin <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flandra?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flandra">Flandra</a> de la mijlocul secolului menționat circulă termenul <i>stilleven</i>, adoptat curând de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/German%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Germană">germani</a> ca <i>Stilleben</i> și apoi de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Englez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Engleză">englezi</a> sub forma <i>still-life</i>. În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Română">română</a>, termenul provine din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Franceză">francezul</a> <i>nature morte</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-maya_3-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-maya-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1015px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Pompejanischer_Maler_um_70_001.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Natură moartă, frescă, Casa Iulia Felix, Pompei"> <noscript> <img alt="Natură moartă, frescă, Casa Iulia Felix, Pompei" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pompejanischer_Maler_um_70_001.jpg/160px-Pompejanischer_Maler_um_70_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="108" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1734"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 108px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pompejanischer_Maler_um_70_001.jpg/160px-Pompejanischer_Maler_um_70_001.jpg" data-alt="Natură moartă, frescă, Casa Iulia Felix, Pompei" data-width="160" data-height="108" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pompejanischer_Maler_um_70_001.jpg/240px-Pompejanischer_Maler_um_70_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pompejanischer_Maler_um_70_001.jpg/320px-Pompejanischer_Maler_um_70_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Natură moartă, frescă, Casa Iulia Felix, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pompei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pompei">Pompei</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Jan_Davidsz._de_Heem_-_Still-Life_with_Fruit_and_Lobster_-_WGA11288.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Natură moartă cu rac și fructe - Jan Davidszoon de Heem; ulei pe pânză (cca 1648-1649), Muzeul de Stat, Berlin."> <noscript> <img alt="Natură moartă cu rac și fructe - Jan Davidszoon de Heem; ulei pe pânză (cca 1648-1649), Muzeul de Stat, Berlin." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jan_Davidsz._de_Heem_-_Still-Life_with_Fruit_and_Lobster_-_WGA11288.jpg/160px-Jan_Davidsz._de_Heem_-_Still-Life_with_Fruit_and_Lobster_-_WGA11288.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="820"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jan_Davidsz._de_Heem_-_Still-Life_with_Fruit_and_Lobster_-_WGA11288.jpg/160px-Jan_Davidsz._de_Heem_-_Still-Life_with_Fruit_and_Lobster_-_WGA11288.jpg" data-alt="Natură moartă cu rac și fructe - Jan Davidszoon de Heem; ulei pe pânză (cca 1648-1649), Muzeul de Stat, Berlin." data-width="160" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jan_Davidsz._de_Heem_-_Still-Life_with_Fruit_and_Lobster_-_WGA11288.jpg/240px-Jan_Davidsz._de_Heem_-_Still-Life_with_Fruit_and_Lobster_-_WGA11288.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jan_Davidsz._de_Heem_-_Still-Life_with_Fruit_and_Lobster_-_WGA11288.jpg/320px-Jan_Davidsz._de_Heem_-_Still-Life_with_Fruit_and_Lobster_-_WGA11288.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Natură moartă cu rac și fructe</i> - <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_Davidszoon_de_Heem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan Davidszoon de Heem">Jan Davidszoon de Heem</a>; ulei pe pânză (cca 1648-1649), Muzeul de Stat, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berlin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Zurbaran_-_Bodegon.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Natură moartă - Francisco de Zurbarán; ulei pe pânză (cca 1633), Muzeul Prado."> <noscript> <img alt="Natură moartă - Francisco de Zurbarán; ulei pe pânză (cca 1633), Muzeul Prado." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Zurbaran_-_Bodegon.jpg/160px-Zurbaran_-_Bodegon.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="87" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3051" data-file-height="1654"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 87px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Zurbaran_-_Bodegon.jpg/160px-Zurbaran_-_Bodegon.jpg" data-alt="Natură moartă - Francisco de Zurbarán; ulei pe pânză (cca 1633), Muzeul Prado." data-width="160" data-height="87" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Zurbaran_-_Bodegon.jpg/240px-Zurbaran_-_Bodegon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Zurbaran_-_Bodegon.jpg/320px-Zurbaran_-_Bodegon.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Natură moartă</i> - <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisco de Zurbarán">Francisco de Zurbarán</a>; ulei pe pânză (cca 1633), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muzeul_Prado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muzeul Prado">Muzeul Prado</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Nature_morte_aux_pommes_et_aux_oranges,_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Natură moartă cu mere și portocale - Paul Cézanne; ulei pe pânză (1895-1900), Muzeul Orsay, Paris."> <noscript> <img alt="Natură moartă cu mere și portocale - Paul Cézanne; ulei pe pânză (1895-1900), Muzeul Orsay, Paris." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nature_morte_aux_pommes_et_aux_oranges%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg/160px-Nature_morte_aux_pommes_et_aux_oranges%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2444" data-file-height="1921"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 126px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nature_morte_aux_pommes_et_aux_oranges%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg/160px-Nature_morte_aux_pommes_et_aux_oranges%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg" data-alt="Natură moartă cu mere și portocale - Paul Cézanne; ulei pe pânză (1895-1900), Muzeul Orsay, Paris." data-width="160" data-height="126" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nature_morte_aux_pommes_et_aux_oranges%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg/240px-Nature_morte_aux_pommes_et_aux_oranges%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nature_morte_aux_pommes_et_aux_oranges%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg/320px-Nature_morte_aux_pommes_et_aux_oranges%2C_par_Paul_C%C3%A9zanne.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Natură moartă cu mere și portocale</i> - <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>; ulei pe pânză (1895-1900), Muzeul Orsay, Paris. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Van_Gogh_-_Zw%C3%B6lf_Sonnenblumen_in_einer_Vase.jpeg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Vază cu 12 floarea-soarelui - Vincent van Gogh; ulei pe pânză (august 1888), Neue Pinakothek, München."> <noscript> <img alt="Vază cu 12 floarea-soarelui - Vincent van Gogh; ulei pe pânză (august 1888), Neue Pinakothek, München." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Van_Gogh_-_Zw%C3%B6lf_Sonnenblumen_in_einer_Vase.jpeg/99px-Van_Gogh_-_Zw%C3%B6lf_Sonnenblumen_in_einer_Vase.jpeg" decoding="async" width="99" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="5082"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 99px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Van_Gogh_-_Zw%C3%B6lf_Sonnenblumen_in_einer_Vase.jpeg/99px-Van_Gogh_-_Zw%C3%B6lf_Sonnenblumen_in_einer_Vase.jpeg" data-alt="Vază cu 12 floarea-soarelui - Vincent van Gogh; ulei pe pânză (august 1888), Neue Pinakothek, München." data-width="99" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Van_Gogh_-_Zw%C3%B6lf_Sonnenblumen_in_einer_Vase.jpeg/149px-Van_Gogh_-_Zw%C3%B6lf_Sonnenblumen_in_einer_Vase.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Van_Gogh_-_Zw%C3%B6lf_Sonnenblumen_in_einer_Vase.jpeg/199px-Van_Gogh_-_Zw%C3%B6lf_Sonnenblumen_in_einer_Vase.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floarea_soarelui_(Vincent_Van_Gogh)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Floarea soarelui (Vincent Van Gogh)">Vază cu 12 floarea-soarelui</a></i> - Vincent van Gogh; ulei pe pânză (august 1888), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neue_Pinakothek?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neue Pinakothek">Neue Pinakothek</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="München">München</a>. </div></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Tehnici_importante">Tehnici importante</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Tehnici importante" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Tehnicile de pictură sunt clasificate în funcție de modul în care <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pigment?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pigment">pigmenții</a> sunt diluați și fixați pe suportul care este pictat. În general, în cazul în care pigmenții nu sunt <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Solubilitate?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Solubilitate">solubili</a> în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liant?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liant">liant</a>, în el o să se împrăștie.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Este convenabil să se facă diferența între „procesul pictural” și „tehnica picturală”. Procedura înseamnă unirea elementelor picturale de liant sau adeziv, și pigmenți. Modul de a aplica această procedură pictorială se numește „tehnică picturală”.<sup id="cite_ref-Ped21_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ped21-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83_%C3%AEn_ulei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pictură în ulei">Ulei</a></b></u>. Culorile de ulei sunt vopsele cu uscare lentă compuse din particule fine de pigmenți suspendate în uleiuri vegetale.<sup id="cite_ref-ulei_6-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ulei-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tehnica a fost adoptată pe scară largă începând cu secolul al XV-lea.<sup id="cite_ref-ulei_6-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ulei-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cea mai des întâlnită aplicație/utilizare pentru această vopsea este cea domestică, unde culorile luminoase și rezistența la uzură o fac potrivită atât pentru interior cât și pentru exterior.<sup id="cite_ref-ulei_6-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ulei-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <p>Calitățile de bază ale culorilor de ulei includ:<sup id="cite_ref-ulei_6-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ulei-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <dl> <dd> <ul> <li>Uscarea lentă: vopseaua nu se va usca decât după câteva săptămâni</li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <dl> <dd> <ul> <li>Proprietatea culorii de a se îmbina cu cea în contact, permițând treceri foarte subtile de la o nuanță la alta.</li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <dl> <dd> <ul> <li>Luminozitatea culorii, strălucire, nuanțe intense.</li> </ul> </dd> </dl> <p>Spre deosebire de vopselele pe bază de apă, cele de ulei nu se usucă prin evaporare.<sup id="cite_ref-ulei_6-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ulei-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uscarea lor vine în urma unui proces de oxidare.<sup id="cite_ref-ulei_6-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ulei-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Culorile tradiționale de ulei necesită un ulei ce se va întări treptat, formând un strat impermeabil stabil.<sup id="cite_ref-ulei_6-6" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ulei-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acest gen de uleiuri se numesc uleiuri sicative (care se usucă).<sup id="cite_ref-ulei_6-7" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ulei-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cel mai vechi și mai des întâlnit intermediar este uleiul de in, obținut din semințele plantei de in.<sup id="cite_ref-ulei_6-8" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ulei-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semințele sunt măcinate, iar uleiul extras.<sup id="cite_ref-ulei_6-9" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ulei-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Există și alte surse pentru obținerea uleiurilor cu rol de intermediar.<sup id="cite_ref-ulei_6-10" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ulei-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uleiurile din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A2nep%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cânepă">cânepă</a>, semințe de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac">mac</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nuc%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nucă">nucă</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floarea_soarelui?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Floarea soarelui">floarea-soarelui</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C8%98ofran?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Șofran">șofran</a> și boabe de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soia">soia</a> sunt folosite adesea ca alternative la uleiul de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/In?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="In">in</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ulei_6-11" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ulei-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Pictura în ulei se poate realiza pe orice suport,<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dar și materialul trebuie să îndeplinească anumite condiții (de exemplu, hârtia trebuie să aibă o grosime destul de mare pentru a susține culoarea de ulei, dar și o preparare eficientă cu grund înainte de a fi pictată<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Întrucât uleiul distruge cu timpul fibra textilă, suportul picturii în ulei se acoperă cu o peliculă specială (grund de culoare deschisă).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 609px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Pittura-Painting4.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Paleta pictorului, pensule şi tuburi cu ulei."> <noscript> <img alt="Paleta pictorului, pensule şi tuburi cu ulei." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pittura-Painting4.JPG/160px-Pittura-Painting4.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="104" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="553"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 104px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pittura-Painting4.JPG/160px-Pittura-Painting4.JPG" data-alt="Paleta pictorului, pensule şi tuburi cu ulei." data-width="160" data-height="104" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pittura-Painting4.JPG/240px-Pittura-Painting4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pittura-Painting4.JPG/320px-Pittura-Painting4.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Paleta pictorului, pensule şi tuburi cu ulei. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Claude_Monet_022.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Femeie în grădină - Claude Monet; ulei pe pânză (1867), Muzeul Ermitaj."> <noscript> <img alt="Femeie în grădină - Claude Monet; ulei pe pânză (1867), Muzeul Ermitaj." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Claude_Monet_022.jpg/160px-Claude_Monet_022.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="2260"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Claude_Monet_022.jpg/160px-Claude_Monet_022.jpg" data-alt="Femeie în grădină - Claude Monet; ulei pe pânză (1867), Muzeul Ermitaj." data-width="160" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Claude_Monet_022.jpg/240px-Claude_Monet_022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Claude_Monet_022.jpg/320px-Claude_Monet_022.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Femeie_%C3%AEn_gr%C4%83din%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Femeie în grădină">Femeie în grădină</a></i> - <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claude_Monet?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a>; ulei pe pânză (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1867?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1867">1867</a>), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muzeul_Ermitaj?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muzeul Ermitaj">Muzeul Ermitaj</a>. </div></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cear%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ceară">Ceară</a></b></u>. Aceasta este o tehnică la care s-a renunțat, cu toate că era folosită încă din antichitate.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pentru această tehnică se folo­sește ceara de albine expusă 10-20 de zile la soare, apoi topită repetat în apă curată.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diluată cu esența de terebentină, ceara astfel pregatită se amesteca pe paletă cu pigmenți.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Icoanele sau tablourile în ceară aveau avantajul că prezentau culori mate, catifelate care nu se îngălbeneau în timp și nu se crăpau.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Erau însă sensibile la zgârieturi, lovituri și temperaturi ridicate.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tot o tehnică pierdută, dar mult mai complicată era pic­tura cu ceara calda, numită <i>encaustică</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-6" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După unele studii s-a ajuns la concluzia că suportul folosit trebuia să fie cald.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-7" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Culorile amestecate cu ceara, de asemenea se mențineau ca o pastă tot cu ajutorul căldurii.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-8" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chiar și încăperea, unde se lucra, trebuia să aibă o temperatură ridicată constant, iar cu­loarea se aplica cu spatule sau pensule aspre „din prima” fără reveniri.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-9" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astăzi, datorită condițiilor pretențioase, nu se mai folosește pictura în encaustică.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-10" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acuarel%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acuarelă">Acuarelă</a></b></u>. Spre deosebire de alte tehnici, de exemplu guașă, care folosește vopsea acuarelă amestecată cu ceruză (carbonat de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plumb?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plumb">plumb</a>, alb), sau <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83_%C3%AEn_ulei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pictură în ulei">pictura în ulei</a>, tehnici care se bazează pe acumularea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Culoare?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Culoare">culorii</a>, acuarela se bazează pe <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transparen%C8%9B%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transparență">transparență</a>, care lasă să se întrevadă fondul alb al <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A2rtie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hârtie">hârtiei</a>, ceea ce conferă lucrărilor în acuarelă luminozitatea și delicatețea care le caracterizează.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-O8_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-O8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uscarea imediată necesită o execuție rapidă, ceea ce mult timp a făcut să fie o tehnică folosită la schițe și studii, însă treptat a devenit o tehnică de sine stătătoare. A fost folosită mult la ilustrarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manuscris?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manuscris">manuscriselor</a>, dar epoca sa de înflorire în pictură a fost sfârșitul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_XVIII?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XVIII">secolului al XVIII-lea</a> și începutul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_XIX?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XIX">secolului al XIX-lea</a>, în special în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglia">Anglia</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franța">Franța</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tehnicile de lucru sunt <i>ud pe ud</i>, <i>ud pe uscat</i> și <i>uscat pe uscat</i>, fiecare având particularitățile sale. În lucrări aceste tehnici pot fi folosite și combinat.</li> </ul> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 609px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Watercolours.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Set de acuarele."> <noscript> <img alt="Set de acuarele." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Watercolours.jpg/160px-Watercolours.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Watercolours.jpg/160px-Watercolours.jpg" data-alt="Set de acuarele." data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Watercolours.jpg/240px-Watercolours.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Watercolours.jpg/320px-Watercolours.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Set de acuarele. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Dolceacqua43_-_Artista_locale_mentre_dipinge_un_acquarello.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Acuarelist pictând."> <noscript> <img alt="Acuarelist pictând." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Dolceacqua43_-_Artista_locale_mentre_dipinge_un_acquarello.jpg/160px-Dolceacqua43_-_Artista_locale_mentre_dipinge_un_acquarello.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Dolceacqua43_-_Artista_locale_mentre_dipinge_un_acquarello.jpg/160px-Dolceacqua43_-_Artista_locale_mentre_dipinge_un_acquarello.jpg" data-alt="Acuarelist pictând." data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Dolceacqua43_-_Artista_locale_mentre_dipinge_un_acquarello.jpg/240px-Dolceacqua43_-_Artista_locale_mentre_dipinge_un_acquarello.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Dolceacqua43_-_Artista_locale_mentre_dipinge_un_acquarello.jpg/320px-Dolceacqua43_-_Artista_locale_mentre_dipinge_un_acquarello.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Acuarelist pictând. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Durer_Young_Hare.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Iepure de câmp, acuarelă de Albrecht Dürer (1502), Muzeul Albertina din Viena."> <noscript> <img alt="Iepure de câmp, acuarelă de Albrecht Dürer (1502), Muzeul Albertina din Viena." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Durer_Young_Hare.jpg/117px-Durer_Young_Hare.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="943"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 117px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Durer_Young_Hare.jpg/117px-Durer_Young_Hare.jpg" data-alt="Iepure de câmp, acuarelă de Albrecht Dürer (1502), Muzeul Albertina din Viena." data-width="117" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Durer_Young_Hare.jpg/176px-Durer_Young_Hare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Durer_Young_Hare.jpg/234px-Durer_Young_Hare.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Iepure de câmp</i>, acuarelă de Albrecht Dürer (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1502?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1502">1502</a>), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muzeul_Albertina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muzeul Albertina">Muzeul Albertina</a> din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viena?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viena">Viena</a>. </div></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gua%C8%99%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guașă">Guașă</a></b></u>. În fapt, guașa (din franceză: <i>gouache</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) este o varietate de tempera, dar spre deosebire de aceasta, datorită <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emulsie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emulsie">emulsiei</a> pe care o conține își păstreză calitățile după uscare.<sup id="cite_ref-puya_14-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-puya-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spre deosebire de tempera obișnuită, guașa rămâne aproape la fel de saturată cromatic.<sup id="cite_ref-puya_14-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-puya-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Când este folosită ca pastă are un aspect lucios.<sup id="cite_ref-puya_14-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-puya-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guașa este o tehnică de pictură ieftină, care folosește ca diluant apa și se spală foarte ușor, fiind potrivită pentru începuturi nesigure și încercări, deoarece se usucă rapid.<sup id="cite_ref-sisu_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sisu-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guașa se folosește ușor, fiindcă acest tip de pictură se poate retușa.<sup id="cite_ref-sisu_15-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sisu-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Este preferabil să se folosească o hârtie groasă sau carton, pentru că o hârtie prea subțire riscă să se rupă.<sup id="cite_ref-sisu_15-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sisu-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spre deosebire de acuarelă, guașa, ca și tempera, conține ceruză, care o lipsesc de transparență, făcând-o mai compactă.<sup id="cite_ref-steaua_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-steaua-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ceruza este un carbonat natural de plumb, alb sau cenușiu, cu luciu diamantin, denumit și alb de plumb.<sup id="cite_ref-steaua_16-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-steaua-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suprafețele se acoperă cu un strat subțire dar dens de pigment, care permite corectări ulterioare.<sup id="cite_ref-steaua_16-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-steaua-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dacă este necesar se aplică și alte straturi până obținem ideea dată.<sup id="cite_ref-steaua_16-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-steaua-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dacă stratul este prea gros, guașa poate crăpa la uscare.<sup id="cite_ref-steaua_16-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-steaua-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> După uscare pictura capătă o tonalitate mai deschisă.<sup id="cite_ref-steaua_16-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-steaua-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atunci când sunt expuse, guașele, ca și acuarelele, pastelurile, și gravurile, trebuie protejate sub sticlă, deoarece curățarea lor nu este posibilă.<sup id="cite_ref-leda_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-leda-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 609px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Gouache.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Tuburi cu guaşă."> <noscript> <img alt="Tuburi cu guaşă." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gouache.jpg/160px-Gouache.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="94" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1412"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 94px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gouache.jpg/160px-Gouache.jpg" data-alt="Tuburi cu guaşă." data-width="160" data-height="94" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gouache.jpg/240px-Gouache.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gouache.jpg/320px-Gouache.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Tuburi cu guaşă. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Emperor_Jahangir_receiving_his_two_sons,_an_album-painting_in_gouache_on_paper,_c_1605-06.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Pictură în guaşă, 1605."> <noscript> <img alt="Pictură în guaşă, 1605." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emperor_Jahangir_receiving_his_two_sons%2C_an_album-painting_in_gouache_on_paper%2C_c_1605-06.jpg/97px-Emperor_Jahangir_receiving_his_two_sons%2C_an_album-painting_in_gouache_on_paper%2C_c_1605-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2768" data-file-height="3705"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 97px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emperor_Jahangir_receiving_his_two_sons%2C_an_album-painting_in_gouache_on_paper%2C_c_1605-06.jpg/97px-Emperor_Jahangir_receiving_his_two_sons%2C_an_album-painting_in_gouache_on_paper%2C_c_1605-06.jpg" data-alt="Pictură în guaşă, 1605." data-width="97" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emperor_Jahangir_receiving_his_two_sons%2C_an_album-painting_in_gouache_on_paper%2C_c_1605-06.jpg/146px-Emperor_Jahangir_receiving_his_two_sons%2C_an_album-painting_in_gouache_on_paper%2C_c_1605-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emperor_Jahangir_receiving_his_two_sons%2C_an_album-painting_in_gouache_on_paper%2C_c_1605-06.jpg/194px-Emperor_Jahangir_receiving_his_two_sons%2C_an_album-painting_in_gouache_on_paper%2C_c_1605-06.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pictură în guaşă, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1605?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1605">1605</a>. </div></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vopsea_acrilic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vopsea acrilică">Vopselele acrilice</a></b></u>. Folosite pentru prima dată în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anii_1950?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anii 1950">anii '50</a>, acrilicele sunt acum considerate a fi unele dintre cele mai importante inovații pentru artiști.<sup id="cite_ref-paint_18-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-paint-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Culorile au fost folosite pentru văruit și conțineau acril și vinil pe lângă pigmenți și apă.<sup id="cite_ref-pain_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pain-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Culorile cele mai bune pentru exterior sunt 100% acrilice.<sup id="cite_ref-pain_19-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pain-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Potențialul acestor culori a fost experimentat de către pictorii muraliști <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mexic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mexic">mexicani</a> pentru prima dată în decorațiile interioare.<sup id="cite_ref-pain_19-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pain-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Din anii <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anii_1960?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anii 1960">'60</a> culorile acrilice sunt comercializate pe scară larga.<sup id="cite_ref-pain_19-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pain-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Popularitatea acrilicelor printre artiști poate fi atribuită în principal versatilității acestora.<sup id="cite_ref-paint_18-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-paint-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apreciate pentru intensitatea culorii, timpul rapid de uscare și solubilitatea ei, acrilicele se pot folosi atât în tehnica picturii în acuarelă, cât și în tehnica picturii în ulei.<sup id="cite_ref-paint_18-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-paint-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evaporarea rapidă a apei din culorile acrilice obligă artiștii la un lucru rapid.<sup id="cite_ref-pain_19-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pain-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unele avantaje sunt: neaplicarea regulii de aplicare a straturilor „grase” peste cele „slabe” și posibilitatea de a aplica facil culorile pe aproape orice suport.<sup id="cite_ref-pain_19-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pain-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tehnica oferă o luminozitate deosebită și culori spectaculoase.<sup id="cite_ref-pain_19-6" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pain-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Pyrrole_Red_Dab.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Vopsea acrilică de culoare roșie."> <noscript> <img alt="Vopsea acrilică de culoare roșie." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pyrrole_Red_Dab.JPG/120px-Pyrrole_Red_Dab.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pyrrole_Red_Dab.JPG/120px-Pyrrole_Red_Dab.JPG" data-alt="Vopsea acrilică de culoare roșie." data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pyrrole_Red_Dab.JPG/180px-Pyrrole_Red_Dab.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Pyrrole_Red_Dab.JPG/240px-Pyrrole_Red_Dab.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Vopsea acrilică de culoare roșie. </div></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pastel_(material_de_art%C4%83)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pastel (material de artă) — pagină inexistentă">Pastel</a></b></u>. Este o tehnică artistică care folosește bețisoare care sunt compuse din pigment pudra amestecat cu un liant.<sup id="cite_ref-pastel_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pastel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pigmenții folosiți pentru a fabrica pastelul sunt aceiași care sunt folosiți pentru a crea și celelalte culori, în special cele de ulei.<sup id="cite_ref-pastel_20-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pastel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liantul folosit este un ulei neutru cu mică saturație.<sup id="cite_ref-pastel_20-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pastel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pastelurile uscate au folosit de-a lungul timpului ca liant gumă arabică, iar metil-celuloza a fost introdusă în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_XX?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Secolul XX">secolul XX</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pastel_20-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pastel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De multe ori sunt introduse și creta sau ghipsul în componență.<sup id="cite_ref-pastel_20-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pastel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Variază în funcție de duritate; cele mai moi sunt învelite în hârtie.<sup id="cite_ref-pastel_20-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pastel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pastelul uscat este de mai multe tipuri: cele moi sunt cele mai frecvent folosite, dar necesită fixare, iar cele tari sunt folosite la detalii.<sup id="cite_ref-pastel_20-6" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pastel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De asemenea, pastelul este diferențiat și în funcție de materialele folosite în fabricație: pastelul de ulei: are o consistență moale și grasă, mai greu de amestecat, dar nu necesită fixare, și pastelul solubil în apă: conțin o componență solubilă în apă, și pot fi spălate cu pensula uda, tehnică asemănătoare acuarelei.<sup id="cite_ref-pastel_20-7" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pastel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prima mențiune a tehnicii o face <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pastel_20-8" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pastel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 609px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commercial_pastels.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Pasteluri comerciale."> <noscript> <img alt="Pasteluri comerciale." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Commercial_pastels.JPG/160px-Commercial_pastels.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Commercial_pastels.JPG/160px-Commercial_pastels.JPG" data-alt="Pasteluri comerciale." data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Commercial_pastels.JPG/240px-Commercial_pastels.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Commercial_pastels.JPG/320px-Commercial_pastels.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pasteluri comerciale. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Edgar_Germain_Hilaire_Degas_031.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Femeie scăldându-se - Edgar Degas; pastel pe hârtie (1886), Muzeul Orsay."> <noscript> <img alt="Femeie scăldându-se - Edgar Degas; pastel pe hârtie (1886), Muzeul Orsay." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Edgar_Germain_Hilaire_Degas_031.jpg/160px-Edgar_Germain_Hilaire_Degas_031.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="117" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3289" data-file-height="2400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 117px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Edgar_Germain_Hilaire_Degas_031.jpg/160px-Edgar_Germain_Hilaire_Degas_031.jpg" data-alt="Femeie scăldându-se - Edgar Degas; pastel pe hârtie (1886), Muzeul Orsay." data-width="160" data-height="117" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Edgar_Germain_Hilaire_Degas_031.jpg/240px-Edgar_Germain_Hilaire_Degas_031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Edgar_Germain_Hilaire_Degas_031.jpg/320px-Edgar_Germain_Hilaire_Degas_031.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Femeie scăldându-se</i> - <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edgar_Degas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edgar Degas">Edgar Degas</a>; pastel pe hârtie (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1886?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1886">1886</a>), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muzeul_Orsay?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzeul Orsay">Muzeul Orsay</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_056.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Portretul lui Van Gogh - Henri de Toulouse Lautrec; pastel pe carton (1887), Muzeul Van Gogh."> <noscript> <img alt="Portretul lui Van Gogh - Henri de Toulouse Lautrec; pastel pe carton (1887), Muzeul Van Gogh." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_056.jpg/108px-Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_056.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="3050"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 108px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_056.jpg/108px-Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_056.jpg" data-alt="Portretul lui Van Gogh - Henri de Toulouse Lautrec; pastel pe carton (1887), Muzeul Van Gogh." data-width="108" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_056.jpg/162px-Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_056.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_056.jpg/216px-Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec_056.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Portretul lui <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincent van Gogh">Van Gogh</a></i> - <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse_Lautrec?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri de Toulouse Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse Lautrec</a>; pastel pe carton (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1887?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1887">1887</a>), <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muzeul_Van_Gogh?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muzeul Van Gogh">Muzeul Van Gogh</a>. </div></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fresc%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frescă">Frescă</a></b></u>. Această tehnică presupune pictarea pe un perete proaspăt tencuit, în timp ce acesta este încă umed (de unde și denumirea de pictură „pe umed”).<sup id="cite_ref-crong_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-crong-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astfel, culorile se combină chimic cu suportul și, după uscare, are loc fixarea lor definitivă.<sup id="cite_ref-crong_21-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-crong-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pentru executarea frescei, trebuie efectuate unele operțiuni preliminare.<sup id="cite_ref-crong_21-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-crong-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Înainte de toate, pe perete se aplică un prim strat de tencuială granulată, numit <i>mortar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-crong_21-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-crong-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peste el se aplică un al doilea strat de tencuială mai poroasă - <i>arriccio</i> - peste care se poate trasa direct desenul în cărbune, cu ajutorul schițelor pregătitoare (o caracteristică de sol <i>terra rossa</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-crong_21-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-crong-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peste arriccio se întinde un al treilea strat de tencuială mai fină, în timp ce acest strat este încă umed, pe care se efectuează rapid pictura propriu-zisă cu pigmenți rezistenți la varul din pasta de bază a tencuielii.<sup id="cite_ref-crong_21-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-crong-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deoarece acesta se usucă foarte repede, se pictează bucată cu bucată, calculând suprafața care poate fi realizată într-o zi.<sup id="cite_ref-crong_21-6" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-crong-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pictorul poate reveni la suprafețele pictate în zilele anterioare pentru a le definitiva cu ajutorul îmbinării dintre două straturi diferite de tencuială.<sup id="cite_ref-crong_21-7" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-crong-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un artist care dorește să picteze pe frescă trebuie să știe cât poate picta într-o singură zi, fie să picteze rapid și precis pentru a evita, pe cât posibil, ulterioare modificări „pe uscat”, care nu garantează persistența în timp a culorilor.<sup id="cite_ref-crong_21-8" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-crong-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dacă înainte de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XV-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XV-lea">secolul al XV-lea</a>, desenul pregătitor se trasa direct pe tencuială, ulterior s-a trecut la desenul pe carton, pentru ca, în final, cu ajutorul tehnicilor de pulverizare sau de gravură directă, desenul să se transfere direct pe tencuială.<sup id="cite_ref-crong_21-9" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-crong-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 609px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Michelangelo,_Creation_of_Adam_05.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Crearea lui Adam - detaliu (Adam)."> <noscript> <img alt="Crearea lui Adam - detaliu (Adam)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_05.jpg/100px-Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="1050"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_05.jpg/100px-Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_05.jpg" data-alt="Crearea lui Adam - detaliu (Adam)." data-width="100" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_05.jpg/150px-Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_05.jpg/199px-Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_05.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Crearea lui Adam</i> - detaliu (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adam_%C5%9Fi_Eva?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam şi Eva">Adam</a>). </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Creaci%C3%B3n_de_Ad%C3%A1m.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Crearea lui Adam - Michelangelo Bounarroti; Capela Sixtină."> <noscript> <img alt="Crearea lui Adam - Michelangelo Bounarroti; Capela Sixtină." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Creaci%C3%B3n_de_Ad%C3%A1m.jpg/160px-Creaci%C3%B3n_de_Ad%C3%A1m.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="75" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3548" data-file-height="1653"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 75px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Creaci%C3%B3n_de_Ad%C3%A1m.jpg/160px-Creaci%C3%B3n_de_Ad%C3%A1m.jpg" data-alt="Crearea lui Adam - Michelangelo Bounarroti; Capela Sixtină." data-width="160" data-height="75" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Creaci%C3%B3n_de_Ad%C3%A1m.jpg/240px-Creaci%C3%B3n_de_Ad%C3%A1m.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Creaci%C3%B3n_de_Ad%C3%A1m.jpg/320px-Creaci%C3%B3n_de_Ad%C3%A1m.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Crearea_lui_Adam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Crearea lui Adam — pagină inexistentă">Crearea lui Adam</a></i> - <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michelangelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo Bounarroti</a>; <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capela_Sixtin%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capela Sixtină">Capela Sixtină</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Michelangelo,_Creation_of_Adam_06.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Crearea lui Adam - detaliu (Dumnezeu)."> <noscript> <img alt="Crearea lui Adam - detaliu (Dumnezeu)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_06.jpg/93px-Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 93px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_06.jpg/93px-Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_06.jpg" data-alt="Crearea lui Adam - detaliu (Dumnezeu)." data-width="93" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_06.jpg/139px-Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_06.jpg/185px-Michelangelo%2C_Creation_of_Adam_06.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Crearea lui Adam</i> - detaliu (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dumnezeu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dumnezeu">Dumnezeu</a>). </div></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cerneal%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cerneală">Cerneală</a></b></u>. Este numită și cerneală chinezească. Împreună cu graffiti, ele sunt mai degrabă tehnici de desen. În general, prezentarea este în formă lichidă, dar este, de asemenea, sub formă de bară foarte solidă care urmează să fie diluată pentru utilizare. Cele mai întrebuințate culori sunt <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negru?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Negru">negru</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sepia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sepia">sepia</a>, dar acum se folosesc multe alte culori diferite. Cerneala este aplicată în diverse moduri, de exemplu, stiloul sau pixul, sunt cele mai potrivite instrumente pentru desene și caligrafia picturilor. Ea se aplică, de asemenea, cu o pensulă de cerneală, tehnica din antichitate, numită caligrafie, ca și scrierea japoneză care este de asemenea realizată în pensulă și cerneală pe hârtie. Cerneala se mai poate aplica cu un încărcător de cerneală sau cu un <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rotring&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rotring — pagină inexistentă">rapidograph</a>.</li> </ul> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 609px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sumie.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Pensulă și cerneală."> <noscript> <img alt="Pensulă și cerneală." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sumie.jpg/160px-Sumie.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="96" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="432"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 96px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sumie.jpg/160px-Sumie.jpg" data-alt="Pensulă și cerneală." data-width="160" data-height="96" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sumie.jpg/240px-Sumie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sumie.jpg/320px-Sumie.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Pensulă și cerneală. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Zhichang.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Cerneală pe hârtie, Japonia, secolul al XIV-lea."> <noscript> <img alt="Cerneală pe hârtie, Japonia, secolul al XIV-lea." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Zhichang.jpg/160px-Zhichang.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Zhichang.jpg/160px-Zhichang.jpg" data-alt="Cerneală pe hârtie, Japonia, secolul al XIV-lea." data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Zhichang.jpg/240px-Zhichang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Zhichang.jpg/320px-Zhichang.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Cerneală pe hârtie, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japonia">Japonia</a>, secolul al XIV-lea. </div></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tempera?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tempera">Tempera</a> (de ou)</b></u>. Tempera pe baza de ou este una dintre cele mai vechi, versatile și durabile metode de pictură.<sup id="cite_ref-temper_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-temper-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rădăcinile acestui mediu de pictură sunt atestate încă din timpurile preistorice și este considerată a fi o tehnică permanentă, datorită rezistenței sale la umiditate și schimbările de temperatură.<sup id="cite_ref-temper_22-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-temper-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ea necesită răbdare și experiență - reprezintă tehnica cea mai utilizata în iconografie.<sup id="cite_ref-temper_22-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-temper-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emulsiile de tempera formează propriul strat protectiv și spre deosebire de culorile în ulei, acestea nu își schimbă culoarea în timp și mai mult, se usucă într-un timp foarte scurt.<sup id="cite_ref-temper_22-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-temper-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aplicată într-un strat subțire de culoare, tempera este translucidă, precum acuarela, dar aplicată în straturi mai groase de culoare, aceasta devine opacă, precum guașa.<sup id="cite_ref-temper_22-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-temper-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cu toate acestea, vopseaua tempera se usucă la atingere în câteva secunde; pictura nu este cu adevărat uscată în profunzime decât după aproape 12 luni.<sup id="cite_ref-temper_22-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-temper-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tehnica picturii în tempera, populară în sec. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XIII-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XIII-lea">XIII</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XIV-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XIV-lea">XIV</a>, va deveni surclasată de tehnica picturii în ulei.<sup id="cite_ref-temper_22-6" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-temper-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Leonardo_da_Vinci_attributed_-_Madonna_Litta.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Madona Litta - Leonardo da Vinci; tempera pe lemn transferat pe pânză, cca 1490, Muzeul Ermitaj."> <noscript> <img alt="Madona Litta - Leonardo da Vinci; tempera pe lemn transferat pe pânză, cca 1490, Muzeul Ermitaj." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Leonardo_da_Vinci_attributed_-_Madonna_Litta.jpg/94px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_attributed_-_Madonna_Litta.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6346" data-file-height="8096"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 94px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Leonardo_da_Vinci_attributed_-_Madonna_Litta.jpg/94px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_attributed_-_Madonna_Litta.jpg" data-alt="Madona Litta - Leonardo da Vinci; tempera pe lemn transferat pe pânză, cca 1490, Muzeul Ermitaj." data-width="94" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Leonardo_da_Vinci_attributed_-_Madonna_Litta.jpg/141px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_attributed_-_Madonna_Litta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Leonardo_da_Vinci_attributed_-_Madonna_Litta.jpg/188px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_attributed_-_Madonna_Litta.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madona_Litta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madona Litta">Madona Litta</a></i> - Leonardo da Vinci; tempera pe lemn transferat pe pânză, cca <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1490?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1490">1490</a>, Muzeul Ermitaj. </div></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Grisaille&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Grisaille — pagină inexistentă">Grisaille</a></b></u>. Grisaille este o tehnică, prin care o imagine este executată în întregime în tonuri de gri și este de obicei realizată astfel încât să producă iluzia unei sculpturi sau a unui relief.<sup id="cite_ref-eick_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eick-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fost utilizată mai ales de către pictorii flamanzi din secolul al XV-lea (de exemplu la <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Altarul_din_Gand&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Altarul din Gand — pagină inexistentă">Altarul din Gand</a></i> al lui <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jan van Eyck">Jan van Eyck</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1432?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1432">1432</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-eick_23-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eick-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La sfârșitul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secolul_al_XVIII-lea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secolul al XVIII-lea">secolului al XVIII-la</a>, a fost folosită pentru a imita sculpturile clasice, în decorația pereților și plafoanelor.<sup id="cite_ref-eick_23-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eick-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uneori este utilizată pentru a obține stratul de sub culorile de ulei translucide.<sup id="cite_ref-eick_23-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eick-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În secolul al XVI-lea, la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limoges?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limoges">Limoges</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franța">Franța</a>, au apărut piesele din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Email?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Email">email</a> pictat în grisaille. Tehnica a permis obținerea unui efect dramatic de lumini și umbre, precum și a unei senzații puternice de tridimensionalitate.<sup id="cite_ref-eick_23-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eick-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pointilism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pointilism">Pointilism</a></b></u>. Pontilismul (<i>pontillism</i>) este tehnica folosită în pictură, care prevede alăturarea unor puncte de mici dimensiuni, pe care ochiul spectatorului este în măsură să le reunească singur, privind tabloul de la distanța potrivită.<sup id="cite_ref-point_24-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-point-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acest procedeu îi permite artistului să lucreze cu orice fel de lumină, chiar și cu cea artificială.<sup id="cite_ref-point_24-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-point-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pictorul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neoimpresionism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neoimpresionism">neoimpresionist</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georges_Seurat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Georges Seurat">Georges Seurat</a> a propus stilul pointilist, care abordează în manieră științifică problema percepției.<sup id="cite_ref-point_24-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-point-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Georges_Seurat_019.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Circul - Geoges Seurat; 1891, Muzeul Orsay."> <noscript> <img alt="Circul - Geoges Seurat; 1891, Muzeul Orsay." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Georges_Seurat_019.jpg/96px-Georges_Seurat_019.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="1758"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Georges_Seurat_019.jpg/96px-Georges_Seurat_019.jpg" data-alt="Circul - Geoges Seurat; 1891, Muzeul Orsay." data-width="96" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Georges_Seurat_019.jpg/145px-Georges_Seurat_019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Georges_Seurat_019.jpg/193px-Georges_Seurat_019.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Circul</i> - Geoges Seurat; 1891, Muzeul Orsay. </div></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vitraliu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vitraliu">Vitraliu</a></b></u>. Vitraliul este tehnica artistică obținută din îmbinarea unor bucăți de sticlă diferit colorate<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-11" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sau pictate.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vitraliul a început să fie folosit când <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mozaic?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mozaic">mozaicul</a> era în declin.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-12" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În Apus, fere­strele în vitraliu vor excela în complexitate în perioada gotică; în acea perioadă, bisericile gotice erau foarte impunătoare și înalte, de aceea era nevoie de mai multă lumină.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-13" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferestrele s-au mărit, spațiul dintre geamuri s-a micșorat, pereții nu mai erau pictați și astfel s-a recurs la vitraliu, singurul mijloc prin care s-ar fi putut da culoare interiorului bisericii.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-14" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Și în bisericile ortodoxe pictate se pot monta vitralii, cu condiția să fie mai simple, pentru a nu încărca prea mult spa­țiul interior, sau ca să nu concureze cu peretele deja pictat.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-15" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tehnica este una grea, căci necesită unelte și cuptoare spe­ciale pentru prelucrarea sticlei.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-16" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colorarea acesteia se face cu oxizi metalici rezistenți la temperaturi înalte de 1200 grade C.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-17" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pentru realizarea unui vitraliu se face pentru început un desen cât mai simplu, împărțit în zone colorate.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-18" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apoi se face același desen pe un carton care se decupează după fiecare zona colorată.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-19" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bucățile de carton se lipesc de sticla colorată potrivit culorii respective.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-20" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apoi se taie sticla la dimensiune și se reface mozaicul din sticlă, lipind cu șine subțiri de plumb bucățile între ele.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-21" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Alte_tehnici">Alte tehnici</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Alte tehnici" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Există și unele tehnici mai moderne, cum ar fi abstracția gestuală sau graffiti-ul, care sunt alte posibilități de exprimare a artei.</p> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Action_painting?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Action painting">Action painting</a></b></u>. Action painting sau <i>abstracția gestuală</i> este o tehnică de pictură directă, dinamică, instinctivă, care presupune spontaneitate în aplicarea culorii. Aceasta este picurată, vărsată și întinsă pe pânză prin gesturi rapide.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EB-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Termenul a fost folosit pentru prima dată cu referire la lucrările lui <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jackson_Pollock?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jackson Pollock">Jackson Pollock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_26-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EB-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pictorii americani s-au inspirat din tehnicile „automate” folosite de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suprarealism?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suprarealism">suprarealiștii</a> europeni în anii <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1920?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1920">1920</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1930?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1930">1930</a>. Aceștia consideră că tabloul nu reprezintă doar un produs finit, ci și o istorie a procesului de creație al acestuia. Abstracția gestuală este legată și de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Expresionism_abstract?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Expresionism abstract">expresionismul abstract</a> al anilor 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_26-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EB-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><u><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graffiti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graffiti">Graffiti</a></b></u>. Este o vopsea ambalată în cutii de spray și utilizată prin apăsarea unui buton de deasupra lichidului, care vine într-un pulverizator fin, folosită pe suprafețe mari, de multe ori pe pereții de pe străzi. Romanii și grecii foloseau această metodă pentru a-și exprima ideile public, pe stradă.<sup id="cite_ref-partiro_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-partiro-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graffiti nu a avut inițial sensul cunoscut astăzi, inscripțiile murale reprezentând o formă de exprimare acceptată de toți oamenii din comunitatea respectivă, o formă legală și chiar încurajată.<sup id="cite_ref-partiro_27-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-partiro-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astăzi, exprimarea graffiti este asociată în primul rând ideii de vandalism.<sup id="cite_ref-partiro_27-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-partiro-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orice desen care se realizează pe un perete exterior fără acordul proprietarului, este considerat un delict și este pedepsit în funcție de gravitate.<sup id="cite_ref-partiro_27-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-partiro-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Locul unde s-a dezvoltat cel mai bine acest mod de manifestare stradal a fost orașul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York_(ora%C8%99)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York (oraș)">New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-partiro_27-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-partiro-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <div style="text-align:center"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 609px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Spray_cans.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Cutii."> <noscript> <img alt="Cutii." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Spray_cans.jpg/160px-Spray_cans.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Spray_cans.jpg/160px-Spray_cans.jpg" data-alt="Cutii." data-width="160" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Spray_cans.jpg/240px-Spray_cans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Spray_cans.jpg/320px-Spray_cans.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Cutii. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Graffiti-Bucharest.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Un artist realizând un graffiti în București."> <noscript> <img alt="Un artist realizând un graffiti în București." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Graffiti-Bucharest.jpg/160px-Graffiti-Bucharest.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1888" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Graffiti-Bucharest.jpg/160px-Graffiti-Bucharest.jpg" data-alt="Un artist realizând un graffiti în București." data-width="160" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Graffiti-Bucharest.jpg/240px-Graffiti-Bucharest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Graffiti-Bucharest.jpg/320px-Graffiti-Bucharest.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Un artist realizând un graffiti în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bucure%C8%99ti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="București">București</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 160px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:A-barc.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Graffiti într-un cartier din Barcelona."> <noscript> <img alt="Graffiti într-un cartier din Barcelona." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/A-barc.JPG/160px-A-barc.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/A-barc.JPG/160px-A-barc.JPG" data-alt="Graffiti într-un cartier din Barcelona." data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/A-barc.JPG/240px-A-barc.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/A-barc.JPG/320px-A-barc.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Graffiti într-un cartier din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>. </div></li> </ul> </div> <p>O considerație finală sunt așa-numitele <b>tehnici mixte</b>. Uneori, diferite tehnici sunt folosite pe același suport. Colajul, de exemplu, o tehnică artistică care nu este picturală devine o tehnică mixtă atunci când intervențiile sunt făcute cu guașă, ulei sau cerneală.<sup id="cite_ref-Fug370_28-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fug370-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Materiale">Materiale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Materiale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Există informații scrise despre materialele pe care artiștii le-au folosit de-a lungul istoriei; există documente, cum ar fi scrisorile adresate altor artiști sau examinări tehnice și științifice ale unor opere de artă. Aceste examinări sunt foarte utile pentru a consolida dovezile documentare. Firește, din secolul XX, materialele au fost utilizate în cantitate și diversitate mai mare.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Suporturi">Suporturi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Suporturi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Suportul îndeplinește funcția de purtător al fundalurilor și al straturilor de vopsea. Suporturile sunt variate, cele mai tradiționale sunt de hârtie, carton, lemn, pânză și pereți, la care pot fi adăugate, printre altele, cele din metal, sticlă, plastic sau piele. Toate necesită un grund special care depinde de procedeul pictural pe care dorim să-l folosim.<sup id="cite_ref-Ped23_30-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ped23-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Panel_de_lemn">Panel de lemn</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Panel de lemn" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:L%C3%A9onard_de_Vinci_-_Portrait_d%27un_musicien.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/L%C3%A9onard_de_Vinci_-_Portrait_d%27un_musicien.jpg/175px-L%C3%A9onard_de_Vinci_-_Portrait_d%27un_musicien.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="230" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1854" data-file-height="2441"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 175px;height: 230px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/L%C3%A9onard_de_Vinci_-_Portrait_d%27un_musicien.jpg/175px-L%C3%A9onard_de_Vinci_-_Portrait_d%27un_musicien.jpg" data-width="175" data-height="230" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/L%C3%A9onard_de_Vinci_-_Portrait_d%27un_musicien.jpg/263px-L%C3%A9onard_de_Vinci_-_Portrait_d%27un_musicien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/L%C3%A9onard_de_Vinci_-_Portrait_d%27un_musicien.jpg/350px-L%C3%A9onard_de_Vinci_-_Portrait_d%27un_musicien.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portretul_unui_muzician?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portretul unui muzician">Portretul unui muzician</a></i> - Leonardo da Vinci; ulei pe panel de lemn, cca 1490 sau 1485, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinacoteca_ambrozian%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinacoteca ambroziană">Pinacoteca ambroziană</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Istoria panoului de lemn începe cu sarcofagele <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egipt?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egipt">egiptene</a> vechi de câteva mii de ani, continuă cu pictura portabilă, apoi cu panourile pictate în encaustică; în Evul Mediu a avut o și mai largă utilizare.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-22" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Momentul de vârf în care panoul are cea mai largă folosință este atins în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_de_Sud?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa de Sud">Europa de Sud</a> între secolele XIV-XV.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-23" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În Renaștere rămâne suportul de bază până în secolul XV, chiar dacă mai apare și pânza.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-24" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În secolul nostru, lemnul continuă să fie folosit, deși în proporție mult mai redusă față de numărul enorm de tablouri pictate pe pânză.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-25" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Lemnul este un organism care se modifică neîncetat.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-26" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Substanța sa lemnoasă este compusă din fibre lungi.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerat1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Sistemul_de_consolidare">Sistemul de consolidare</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sistemul de consolidare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Traversele sunt stinghiile transversale aplicate pe spatele panourilor pictate altădată.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-27" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Confecționate dintr-o esență lemnoasă mai moale decât a panoului sau dintr-una similară, ele se pot opune dezmembrării și tendinței spre curbura acestuia, dar cu măsură, fără strangulări ce s-ar putea solda cu fisuri.<sup id="cite_ref-franta_7-28" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-franta-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Sticlă"><span id="Sticl.C4.83"></span>Sticlă</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sticlă" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sticl%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sticlă">Sticlă</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16505893">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex}}</style> <p>Sticla este un alt suport adecvat pentru pictură. Cele mai cunoscute exemple se găsesc în ferestrele de sticlă din catedralele din secolul al XII-lea; au fost plasate vitralii colorate și pictate în tehnica <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Grisaille&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Grisaille — pagină inexistentă">grisaille</a>; acest lucru permite în primul rând, schimbarea culorii de fundal a sticlei, și în al doilea rând, conturarea figurilor reprezentate, în special cele de fețe.<sup id="cite_ref-Mal358_32-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mal358-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Hârtie"><span id="H.C3.A2rtie"></span>Hârtie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Hârtie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A2rtie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hârtie">Hârtie</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Hua_Yen_001.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hua_Yen_001.jpg/175px-Hua_Yen_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="259" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2328"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 175px;height: 259px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hua_Yen_001.jpg/175px-Hua_Yen_001.jpg" data-width="175" data-height="259" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hua_Yen_001.jpg/263px-Hua_Yen_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hua_Yen_001.jpg/350px-Hua_Yen_001.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Hârtie de orez chinezească. </figcaption> </figure> <p>În jurul anului <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/200_%C3%AE.Hr.?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="200 î.Hr.">200 î.Hr.</a> hârtia era folosită deja în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China">China</a>, pe atunci confecționată din cârpe de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%83tase?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mătase">mătase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-inv19_33-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-inv19-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demnitarul chinez Tsai Lun (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/48?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="48">48</a>-<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/118?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="118">118</a>) a inventat hârtia în varianta ei mai modernă, materialele de bază fiind <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A2nep%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cânepă">cânepa</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C8%9Aes%C4%83tur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Țesătură">țesătura</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bumbac?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bumbac">bumbacul</a> amestecate cu apă, transformată în pastă și întinsă pe o foaie.<sup id="cite_ref-inv19_33-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-inv19-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un document indică precis că hârtia, a fost descoperită în anul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/98?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="98">98</a>, însă procedeul de fabricare a fost ținut secret până secolul al VIII-lea, când <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samarkand?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samarkand">Samarkandul</a> era un centru însemnat de producere a hârtiei.<sup id="cite_ref-inv19_33-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-inv19-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hârtia a ajuns în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bagdad?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a> în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/793?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="793">793</a>, în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siria">Siria</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egipt?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egipt">Egipt</a> în cca. 900 și în Africa de Nord puțin după aceea.<sup id="cite_ref-inv20_34-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-inv20-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a>, hârtia a ajuns târziu, abia prin <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anii_1100?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anii 1100">anii 1100</a> iar prima fabrică de hârtie din Europa este deschisă în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1150?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1150">1150</a> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jativa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jativa — pagină inexistentă">Jativa</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valencia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spania?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spania">Spania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-inv20_34-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-inv20-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mai târziu au apărut fabrici și în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franța">Franța</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germania?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germania">Germania</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglia">Anglia</a> iar în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="România">România</a> primele fabrici s-au construit în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1539?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1539">1539</a> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sibiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a> și în <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1546?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1546">1546</a> la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bra%C8%99ov?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brașov">Brașov</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-inv20_34-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-inv20-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> iar primul act oficial scris pe hârtie este dat de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mircea_cel_B%C4%83tr%C3%A2n?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mircea cel Bătrân">Mircea cel Bătrân</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%83n%C4%83stirea_Tismana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mănăstirea Tismana">Mănăstirii Tismana</a> în anul <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1406?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1406">1406</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-inv20_34-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-inv20-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Hârtia pentru pictură poate fi descrisă prin opt caracteristici: material, culoare, greutate, textură, capacitate de absorbție, rezistență, dimensiuni și forma în care se livrează.</p> <p>Hârtia este folosită în diverse tehnici de pictură, cele mai comune sunt acuarela, guașa, pastelul și cerneala neagră sau colorată. Există o varietate de texturi, culori și greutăți, și alegerea depinde de intenția artistului și stilul care crește. Există trei standarde:</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:A_size_illustration2.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/A_size_illustration2.svg/175px-A_size_illustration2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="239" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2316" data-file-height="3162"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 175px;height: 239px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/A_size_illustration2.svg/175px-A_size_illustration2.svg.png" data-width="175" data-height="239" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/A_size_illustration2.svg/263px-A_size_illustration2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/A_size_illustration2.svg/350px-A_size_illustration2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Formate A. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li>Hârtia satinată (netedă, presată la cald); multi artiști iau în considerare suprafața ei prea alunecoasă pentru acuarelă.</li> <li>Hârtia granulată fin (presată la rece), care se obține cu o stofă presată pe hârtie într-o etapă a fabricației. Pe această suprafață este cel mai ușor de lucrat.</li> <li>Hârtia granulată rugos (aspră), care are o textură aparentă pronunțată. Necesită multă experiență, dar efectele picturale sunt foarte bune. Suprafața hârtiei este tratată cu substanțe care măresc absorbția apei, ca gelatina, guma arabică, rășini, sau, mai nou, substanțe sintetice ca Aquapel.</li> </ul> <p>Hârtia se livrează în blocuri, coli sau role. În <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a> se folosesc blocuri în formate <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_216?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 216">A</a>: A5 (21&nbsp;–x 14,8&nbsp;cm), A4 (29,7&nbsp;x 21&nbsp;cm) sau altele.<sup id="cite_ref-lucas_35-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lucas-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alte dimensiuni sunt cele anglo-saxone: „sferturi” (15" x 11"), „jumătăți” (15" x 22"), „întregi” (22" x 30"), „dublu elefant” (30" x 40") și „împărat” (40" x 60"). În role, hârtia poate avea o lățime de până la 1,5&nbsp;m (60") și o lungime până la 10&nbsp;m (30&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Picior_(unitate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Picior (unitate)">ft</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-lucas_35-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lucas-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Au existat tentative de a determina normele internaționale pentru dimensiunea hârtiei și în secolul XVIII, de către <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=George_Lichtenberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="George Lichtenberg — pagină inexistentă">George Lichtenberg</a>, apoi în secolul XIX, când <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a> a exprimat termenul de „format internațional”, însă standardele folosite azi în aproape întreaga lume, au fost stabilite de inginerul german <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Walter_Porstmann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Walter Porstmann — pagină inexistentă">Walter Porstmann</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Testarea calității hârtiei se face prin diferite metode. Compoziția hârtiei se poate testa prin <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ardere?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ardere">ardere</a>, cea de celuloză arde complet lăsând puțină cenușă gri. Absorbanța hârtiei se verifică prin umezire, iar rezistența ei prin îndoiri repetate de-a lungul unei linii. Stabilitatea la vălurire în urma umezirii și capacitatea de ridicare a culorii de pe ea se pot verifica cel mai bine pictând ceva.</p> <p>Mărci cunoscute de hârtie sunt <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arches&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Arches — pagină inexistentă">Arches</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Canson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Canson — pagină inexistentă">Canson</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fabriano_(marc%C4%83)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fabriano (marcă) — pagină inexistentă">Fabriano</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hahnem%C3%BChle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hahnemühle — pagină inexistentă">Hahnemühle</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lanaquarelle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lanaquarelle — pagină inexistentă">Lanaquarelle</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Saunders_Waterford&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Saunders Waterford — pagină inexistentă">Saunders Waterford</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Strathmore&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Strathmore — pagină inexistentă">Strathmore</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Winsor_%26_Newton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Winsor &amp; Newton — pagină inexistentă">Winsor &amp; Newton</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Zerkall&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Zerkall — pagină inexistentă">Zerkall</a>. În ultimul timp au reapărut producători de hârtie făcută manual ca <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Twinrocker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Twinrocker — pagină inexistentă">Twinrocker</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Velke_Losiny&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Velke Losiny — pagină inexistentă">Velke Losiny</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ruscombe_Mill&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ruscombe Mill — pagină inexistentă">Ruscombe Mill</a> și <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=St._Armand&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="St. Armand — pagină inexistentă">St. Armand</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Cupru">Cupru</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cupru" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Nu este un suport prea comun; a fost utilizat în principal în secolul al XVI-lea în felii foarte subțiri. A fost folosit de pictorii din <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_de_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa de Nord">Europa de Nord</a>, ca artistul german <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Adam_Elsheimer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Adam Elsheimer — pagină inexistentă">Adam Elsheimer</a>. Dimensiunile mici ale acestor plăci sugerează că artiștii care le-au utilizat le-au avut reciclate de la <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravură">gravurile</a> vechi.<sup id="cite_ref-Sar1162_38-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sar1162-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pensule">Pensule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Pensule" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Paintbrush_widths.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paintbrush_widths.jpg/200px-Paintbrush_widths.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="256" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="620"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 256px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paintbrush_widths.jpg/200px-Paintbrush_widths.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="256" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paintbrush_widths.jpg/300px-Paintbrush_widths.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Paintbrush_widths.jpg/400px-Paintbrush_widths.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Pensule special create pentru pictură. </figcaption> </figure> <p>O pensulă reține vopseaua prin fenomenul de capilaritate dintre peri.</p> <p>Cele mai scumpe sunt pensulele făcute din păr de <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jder?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jder">jder</a>. Suplu și elastic, el este apreciat pentru ținuta sa și pentru vârful său fin. Cel mai bun jder este <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Martes">zibelina siberiană</a> Kolinsky.<sup id="cite_ref-B10_39-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-B10-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rotu_40-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-rotu-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pensulele din fibre sintetice sunt elastice, dar mai puțin absorbante, ele sunt utile pentru fonduri și pentru culegerea culorii în exces.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pentru laviuri și fonduri se pot folosi <i>pensule de laviu</i>, mai mari, care rețin multă apă, rotunde sau plate.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Brushtypes.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Brushtypes.jpg/320px-Brushtypes.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="261"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 320px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Brushtypes.jpg/320px-Brushtypes.jpg" data-width="320" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Brushtypes.jpg/480px-Brushtypes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Brushtypes.jpg/640px-Brushtypes.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Diferite tipuri de pensule (nu neapărat pentru pictură; unele pot fi folosite și în domeniul cosmeticii).<br> De la stânga la dreapta:<br> - Pensulă rotundă;<sup id="cite_ref-rotu_40-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-rotu-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> - Pensulă plată cu peri lungi;<br> - Pensulă plată cu peri scurți;<br> - Pensulă „Filbert”<sup id="cite_ref-pisica_42-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pisica-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (limbă de pisică;<sup id="cite_ref-pisica_42-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-pisica-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formă curbată);<br> - Pensulă evantai;<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> - Pensulă teșită;<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> - Pensulă mop;<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br> - Pensulă „Rigger”<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (pensulă cu peri foarte lungi). </figcaption> </figure> <p>Există și pensule cu peri sintetici, mult mai ieftine și mai durabile, însă ele se comportă diferit. Rețin mai puțină vopsea, din care lasă mult la atingerea hârtiei. Din această cauză cu ele nu se pot trasa tușe lungi. Sunt bune pentru texturat, ridicarea culorii și pentru frecarea culorilor.</p> <p>Forma pensulei poate fi rotundă, plată, sau de diferite forme adaptate nevoilor. Pensulele rotunde au smocul conic, gros la bază și subțire la vârf și sunt bune pentru aproape orice. Cele plate au smocul lățit cu vârful tăiat drept și se folosesc la acoperirea suprafețelor mari. „Filbert” (limbă de pisică) este o formă intermediară. Există și pensule folosite ca mopuri, sau pensule cu perii foarte lungi („Rigger”), folosite pentru <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DAy-tD7x6dK8">pictarea apei</a>. În funcție de raportul dintre lungimea perilor și diametrul smocului, pensulele se clasifică în cinci categorii: <i>foarte lungi</i> (peste 6:1), <i>lungi</i> (5...6:1), <i>de lungime medie</i> (3...4:1), <i>scurte</i> (2...3:1) și <i>foarte scurte</i> (0,8...2:1).</p> <p>Fiecare artist are propriile sale preferințe în materie de pensule, și propria sa „disciplină a uneltei”.</p> <p>Mărci cunoscute de pensule sunt DaVinci, Escoda, Isabey, Raphaël, Kolonok, Robert Simmons, Arches și Winsor &amp; Newton. Unii comercianți au dreptul să vândă pensule de o anumită marcă sub propriul lor nume.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Diluarea_(diluanți_și_apă)"><span id="Diluarea_.28diluan.C8.9Bi_.C8.99i_ap.C4.83.29"></span>Diluarea (diluanți și apă)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Diluarea (diluanți și apă)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Diluarea înseamnă micșorarea concentrației unei vopsele.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Solvenții (diluanții) pentru ulei se folosesc pentru a dilua culoarea, cât și pentru a curăța ustensilele de pictură (pensulele, paleta sau cuțitele (cu ajutorul cuțitului pentru pictură se amestecă cantități mari de culoare sau chiar se poate picta cu el;<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> de regulă, la pictura „în cuțit” sunt folosite culorile de ulei sau acrilicele vâscoase.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)) după încheierea lucrului.<sup id="cite_ref-lisa_50-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lisa-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Solvenții sunt fabricați special pentru diluarea culorilor pentru artiști.<sup id="cite_ref-lisa_50-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lisa-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aceștia sunt perfect volatili, ceea ce înseamnă că după evaporarea lor din amestecul de culoare, nu vor lăsa materii reziduale în urmă.<sup id="cite_ref-lisa_50-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lisa-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Solvenții grei („DIY”), ce au un preț scăzut, nu sunt rafinați până la acel grad necesar artiștilor pentru a nu afecta aspectul picturii.<sup id="cite_ref-lisa_50-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lisa-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deseori, solvenții grei, ce nu sunt fabricați pentru utilizarea lor în pictură, vor afecta aspectul lucrării după uscare, culoarea devine lipicioasă și stratul de vopsea nu se va usca perfect.<sup id="cite_ref-lisa_50-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lisa-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În funcție de tipul de culoare folosit pentru care sunt fabricați (culoare de ulei tradițională, culoare de ulei alchidică sau culoare de ulei solubilă în apă) compoziția solvenților diferă.<sup id="cite_ref-lisa_50-5" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lisa-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>În cazul diluării cu apă, cele mai cunoscute vopsele sunt guașa, acuarela și tempera.<sup id="cite_ref-puya_14-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-puya-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Paletă"><span id="Palet.C4.83"></span>Paletă</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Paletă" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Oil_painting_palette.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Oil_painting_palette.jpg/150px-Oil_painting_palette.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="192" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="459"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 192px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Oil_painting_palette.jpg/150px-Oil_painting_palette.jpg" data-width="150" data-height="192" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Oil_painting_palette.jpg/225px-Oil_painting_palette.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Oil_painting_palette.jpg/300px-Oil_painting_palette.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Paletă cu culori de ulei. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Paleta este o placă de lemn, de porțelan etc., prevăzută de obicei cu o deschizătură pentru a putea fi ținută cu mâna, pe care pictorii își întind și își amestecă vopselele când lucrează.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Paletele pentru pictură din lemn sunt confecționate dintr-un placaj dens și ușor, fiind ideale pentru lucrul în culori acrilice sau culori de ulei.<sup id="cite_ref-paleta_54-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-paleta-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Culoarea naturală a lemnului nu influențează aspectul culorilor pe paletă.<sup id="cite_ref-paleta_54-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-paleta-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Paleta pentru pictură din plastic este ideală pentru acuarelă și culorile fluide, pe bază de apă.<sup id="cite_ref-paleta_54-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-paleta-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Culoarea paletei pentru pictură nu influențează aspectul culorilor de pe paletă, inclusiv cele transparente.<sup id="cite_ref-paleta_54-3" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-paleta-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Majoritatea paletelor sunt disponibile sub formă ovală sau rectangulară.<sup id="cite_ref-paleta_54-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-paleta-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pigmenți"><span id="Pigmen.C8.9Bi"></span>Pigmenți</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Pigmenți" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Indian_dyes_(2009)a.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Indian_dyes_%282009%29a.jpg/180px-Indian_dyes_%282009%29a.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="241" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 241px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Indian_dyes_%282009%29a.jpg/180px-Indian_dyes_%282009%29a.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="241" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Indian_dyes_%282009%29a.jpg/270px-Indian_dyes_%282009%29a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Indian_dyes_%282009%29a.jpg/360px-Indian_dyes_%282009%29a.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Pigmenți. </figcaption> </figure> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso"> Articol principal: <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pigment?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pigment">Pigment</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16505893"> <p>Pigmenții pot fi naturali sau sintetici, anorganici sau organici.</p> <p>Mulțumită progreselor <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chimie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chimie">chimiei</a>, astăzi varietatea, saturația și rezistența pigmenților este mai mare ca niciodată. Consumul de culori în scopuri artistice este foarte mic comparativ cu uzul industrial, motiv pentru care nu se produc pigmenți speciali pentru pictură, se folosesc cei produși pentru <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tipografie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tipografie">tipografii</a>, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Industrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Industrie">industria</a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Automobil?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Automobil">automobilelor</a>, vopsirea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Textile?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile">textilelor</a>, a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lemn?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lemn">lemnului</a> și a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metal">metalelor</a>, zugrăveli, colorarea <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beton?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beton">betoanelor</a>, a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ceramic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ceramică">ceramicii</a>, a <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mas%C4%83_plastic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Masă plastică">maselor plastice</a>, precum și coloranți alimentari, coloranți folosiți în medicină sau în industria <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cosmetic%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cosmetică">cosmeticelor</a>. Fabricarea culorilor pentru pictură se reduce de fapt la măcinarea fină a pigmenților, amestecarea cu lianți, aditivi și solvenți și împachetarea lor.</p> <p><i>Puterea de colorare</i> (<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> <span lang="en" style="font-style:italic">staining</span>) a pigmenților se referă la posibilitatea de a-i dilua sau scoate după aplicare. Unii pot fi scoși prin umezire și tamponare apoi cu pensula sau cu cârpa, însă rezultatul nu depinde numai de pigment, ci și de hârtie. Un pigment măcinat mărunt aplicat pe o hârtie puțin încleiată este mult mai greu de scos. Pentru a reduce timpul de măcinare unii fabricanți adaugă aditivi de dispersare, care însă măresc puterea de colorare și închid culorile. <i>Granulația</i> se referă la faptul că particulele de pigment sunt sau nu vizibile în urma aplicării în tușe mari cu multă apă. Exemple de granulație apar la pigmenții verde veronese, albastru ceruleum și violet de cobalt. <i>Flocularea</i> se referă la aglomerarea particulelor, efect caracteristic pigmentului ultramarin. Efectele date de granulație și floculare sunt unice pentru acuarele și pot fi exploatate de artiști, însă tendința comercială este spre culori fără textură, omogene.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-suse-1">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-suse_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-suse_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://dexonline.ro/definitie/pictura">„Definiție pictură”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-04">4 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Defini%C8%9Bie+pictur%C4%83&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdexonline.ro%2Fdefinitie%2Fpictura&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style> Definiție luată din DEX '98.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-prado-2">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-prado_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-prado_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-prado_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-prado_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-prado_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-prado_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Cătălin Davidescu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://revistaramuri.ro/index.php?id%3D602%26editie%3D28%26autor%3Dde%2520C%25E3t%25E3lin%2520DAVIDESCU">„Peisajul ca stare”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-22">22 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Peisajul+ca+stare&amp;rft.au=C%C4%83t%C4%83lin+Davidescu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevistaramuri.ro%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D602%26editie%3D28%26autor%3Dde%2520C%25E3t%25E3lin%2520DAVIDESCU&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> Publicat pe revistaramuri.ro</span></li> <li id="cite_note-maya-3">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-maya_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-maya_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-maya_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">'Cum să desenăm natura statică<i>, Editura Aquila 93; ISBN&nbsp;: 978-973-714-403-4</i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Colin Hayes. <i>Guia Completa de Pintura y Dibujo. Técnica y Materiales</i>. Blume Ediciones.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ped21-5"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ped21_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ped88">Pedrola 1988</a>: p. 21</span></li> <li id="cite_note-ulei-6">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ulei_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ulei_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ulei_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ulei_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ulei_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ulei_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ulei_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ulei_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ulei_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ulei_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ulei_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ulei_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216212752/http://www.picturaonline.ro/wikis/index.php?page%3D3">„Culorile în ulei”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.picturaonline.ro/wikis/index.php?page%3D3">original</a> la <time datetime="2012-02-16">16 februarie 2012</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-07">7 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Culorile+%C3%AEn+ulei&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.picturaonline.ro%2Fwikis%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3D3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-franta-7">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-franta_7-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.crestinortodox.ro/diverse/tehnici-pictura-69411.html">„Tehnici de pictură”</a>. <time datetime="2007-03-15">15 martie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-05">5 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tehnici+de+pictur%C4%83&amp;rft.date=2007-03-15&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crestinortodox.ro%2Fdiverse%2Ftehnici-pictura-69411.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109210037/http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D494%26it%3D4">„Hârtie pictură ulei”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D494%26it%3D4">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-11-09">9 noiembrie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-08">8 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=H%C3%A2rtie+pictur%C4%83+ulei&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lucas-impex.ro%2Fm.aspx%3Fid%3D494%26it%3D4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://pictura-ulei.artspace.ro/pictura-ulei-1.html">„Pictura în ulei”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-08">8 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pictura+%C3%AEn+ulei&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpictura-ulei.artspace.ro%2Fpictura-ulei-1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Ilieș Câmpeanu, Cornelia Marinescu (coord.), <i>Enciclopedia Universală Britannica</i>, București: Editura Litera, 2010, Vol. 1 <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9789736757693?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-973-675-769-3</a> p. 38</span></li> <li id="cite_note-O8-11"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-O8_11-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Oprescu: p. 8</span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Academia RPR <i>Dicționar Enciclopedic Român</i>, București: Editura Politică, 1962-1966</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://dexonline.ro/definitie/gua%25C8%2599%25C4%2583">„Definiție guașă”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-11">11 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Defini%C8%9Bie+gua%C8%99%C4%83&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdexonline.ro%2Fdefinitie%2Fgua%25C8%2599%25C4%2583&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-puya-14">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-puya_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-puya_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-puya_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-puya_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web">Iulian Mureșanu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100216174642/http://www.materiale-pictura.com/tehnici-de-arta/tempera/cateva-notiuni-despre-tehnica-guasei%23more-196">„Câteva noțiuni despre tehnica guașei”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.materiale-pictura.com/tehnici-de-arta/tempera/cateva-notiuni-despre-tehnica-guasei%23more-196">original</a> la <time datetime="2010-02-16">16 februarie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-05">5 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=C%C3%A2teva+no%C8%9Biuni+despre+tehnica+gua%C8%99ei&amp;rft.au=Iulian+Mure%C8%99anu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.materiale-pictura.com%2Ftehnici-de-arta%2Ftempera%2Fcateva-notiuni-despre-tehnica-guasei%23more-196&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-sisu-15">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sisu_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sisu_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sisu_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091130004627/http://www.info-ghid.com/pictura-materialul-artelor-frumoase-pentru-artisti-debutanti-sau-consacrati-pictura-in-ulei-acrilica-acuarela-guasa-s.html">„Pictura, materialul artelor frumoase pentru artiști debutanți sau consacrați: pictura în ulei, acrilica, acuarela, guașa”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.info-ghid.com/pictura-materialul-artelor-frumoase-pentru-artisti-debutanti-sau-consacrati-pictura-in-ulei-acrilica-acuarela-guasa-s.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2009-11-30">30 noiembrie 2009</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-05">5 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pictura%2C+materialul+artelor+frumoase+pentru+arti%C8%99ti+debutan%C8%9Bi+sau+consacra%C8%9Bi%3A+pictura+%C3%AEn+ulei%2C+acrilica%2C+acuarela%2C+gua%C8%99a&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.info-ghid.com%2Fpictura-materialul-artelor-frumoase-pentru-artisti-debutanti-sau-consacrati-pictura-in-ulei-acrilica-acuarela-guasa-s.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-steaua-16">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-steaua_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-steaua_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-steaua_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-steaua_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-steaua_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-steaua_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://library.utm.md/lucrari/Tipografia/38/Indrumar_metodic_pictura_si_desen_DS.pdf">„Practica la desen și pictură”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-05">5 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Practica+la+desen+%C8%99i+pictur%C4%83&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.utm.md%2Flucrari%2FTipografia%2F38%2FIndrumar_metodic_pictura_si_desen_DS.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"><sup>[<i><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-leda-17"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-leda_17-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.monitorulexpres.ro/?mod%3Dmonitorulexpres%26a%3Dciteste%26p%3DCasa%2520mea%26s_id%3D47076">„Tablouri și fotografii”</a>. <time datetime="2007-06-21">21 iunie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-05">5 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tablouri+%C8%99i+fotografii&amp;rft.date=2007-06-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monitorulexpres.ro%2F%3Fmod%3Dmonitorulexpres%26a%3Dciteste%26p%3DCasa%2520mea%26s_id%3D47076&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-paint-18">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-paint_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-paint_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-paint_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811165202/http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D470%26it%3D4">„Tehnica picturii în acrilic”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D470%26it%3D4">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-08-11">11 august 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-05">5 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tehnica+picturii+%C3%AEn+acrilic&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lucas-impex.ro%2Fm.aspx%3Fid%3D470%26it%3D4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-pain-19">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pain_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pain_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pain_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pain_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pain_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pain_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pain_19-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web">Admnistrator;&nbsp;? (<time datetime="2009-04-28">28 aprilie 2009</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.press.amongraf.ro/?p%3D313">„Pictura în tehnica acrilic”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-05">5 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pictura+%C3%AEn+tehnica+acrilic&amp;rft.date=2009-04-28&amp;rft.au=Admnistrator%3B+%3F&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.amongraf.ro%2F%3Fp%3D313&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-pastel-20">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pastel_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pastel_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pastel_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pastel_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pastel_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pastel_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pastel_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pastel_20-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pastel_20-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.amongraf.ro/cms.php?id_cms%3D15">„Pastel”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-06">6 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pastel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amongraf.ro%2Fcms.php%3Fid_cms%3D15&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-crong-21">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-crong_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-crong_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-crong_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-crong_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-crong_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-crong_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-crong_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-crong_21-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-crong_21-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-crong_21-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Viața și opera lui Michelangelo</i>: p. 82</span></li> <li id="cite_note-temper-22">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-temper_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-temper_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-temper_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-temper_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-temper_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-temper_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-temper_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818044300/http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D471%26it%3D4">„Tehnica picturii în tempera”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D471%26it%3D4">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-08-18">18 august 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-06">6 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tehnica+picturii+%C3%AEn+tempera&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lucas-impex.ro%2Fm.aspx%3Fid%3D471%26it%3D4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-eick-23">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eick_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eick_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eick_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eick_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eick_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.crispedia.ro/Grisaille">„Grisaille”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-06">6 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Grisaille&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crispedia.ro%2FGrisaille&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-point-24">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-point_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-point_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-point_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Musée d'Orsay - Paris</i>: p. 116</span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://dexonline.ro/definitie/vitraliu">„Definiție vitraliu”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-08">8 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Defini%C8%9Bie+vitraliu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdexonline.ro%2Fdefinitie%2Fvitraliu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> Definiție luată din DEX '98.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-EB-26">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EB_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EB_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EB_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>ENCICLOPEDIA UNIVERSALĂ BRITANNICA</i>: p. 35</span></li> <li id="cite_note-partiro-27">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-partiro_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-partiro_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-partiro_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-partiro_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-partiro_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905170657/http://www.yuppy.ro/articol/LifeStyle/2375/Graffiti-Arta-Strazii.html">„Graffiti: Arta Străzii”</a>. <time datetime="2008-04-23">23 aprilie 2008</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.yuppy.ro/articol/LifeStyle/2375/Graffiti-Arta-Strazii.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-09-05">5 septembrie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-07">7 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Graffiti%3A+Arta+Str%C4%83zii&amp;rft.date=2008-04-23&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yuppy.ro%2Farticol%2FLifeStyle%2F2375%2FGraffiti-Arta-Strazii.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Fug370-28"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fug370_28-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fug04">Fuga 2004</a>: p. 370</span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sar84"><i>Historia Universal del Arte-V.8 1984</i></a>: p. 1160</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ped23-30"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ped23_30-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ped88">Pedrola 1988</a>: pàg.23</span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerat1-31"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerat1_31-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://materiale-pictura.artspace.ro/materiale/panou">„Traverse - „Pene<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>”</a>. <time datetime="2009-03-01">1 martie 2009</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-07">7 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Traverse+-+%E2%80%9EPene%E2%80%9D&amp;rft.date=2009-03-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmateriale-pictura.artspace.ro%2Fmateriale%2Fpanou&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Mal358-32"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mal358_32-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mal01">Maltese 2001</a>: pàg.358</span></li> <li id="cite_note-inv19-33">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-inv19_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-inv19_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-inv19_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Faimoșii inventatori</i> p. 19</span></li> <li id="cite_note-inv20-34">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-inv20_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-inv20_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-inv20_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-inv20_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Faimoșii inventatori</i> p. 20</span></li> <li id="cite_note-lucas-35">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lucas_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lucas_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109210044/http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D38%26it%3D4">„Hârtie pentru artă”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D38%26it%3D4">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-11-09">9 noiembrie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-08">8 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=H%C3%A2rtie+pentru+art%C4%83&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lucas-impex.ro%2Fm.aspx%3Fid%3D38%26it%3D4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926120353/http://www.galeriart.ro/eshop/prodList.asp?idCategory%3D135">„Blocuri de Desen”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.galeriart.ro/eshop/prodList.asp?idCategory%3D135">original</a> la <time datetime="2010-09-26">26 septembrie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-08">8 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Blocuri+de+Desen&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.galeriart.ro%2Feshop%2FprodList.asp%3FidCategory%3D135&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web">Ioachim Gherman (<time datetime="2008-07-04">4 iulie 2008</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107170536/http://www.cnet.ro/2008/07/04/formatele-iso-ale-hartiei/">„Formatele ISO ale hârtiei”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cnet.ro/2008/07/04/formatele-iso-ale-hartiei/">original</a> la <time datetime="2012-11-07">7 noiembrie 2012</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-08">8 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Formatele+ISO+ale+h%C3%A2rtiei&amp;rft.date=2008-07-04&amp;rft.au=Ioachim+Gherman&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.ro%2F2008%2F07%2F04%2Fformatele-iso-ale-hartiei%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Sar1162-38"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sar1162_38-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sar84">Historia Universal del Arte-V. 8 1984</a>: p. 1162</span></li> <li id="cite_note-B10-39"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-B10_39-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Bagnall, p. 10</span></li> <li id="cite_note-rotu-40">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-rotu_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-rotu_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308172031/http://www.galeriart.ro/eshop/prodView.asp?idproduct%3D517">„Pensule rotunde scurte păr zibelină siberiană Kolinsky - Maimeri”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.galeriart.ro/eshop/prodView.asp?idproduct%3D517">original</a> la <time datetime="2012-03-08">8 martie 2012</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pensule+rotunde+scurte+p%C4%83r+zibelin%C4%83+siberian%C4%83+Kolinsky+-+Maimeri&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.galeriart.ro%2Feshop%2FprodView.asp%3Fidproduct%3D517&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110125105205/http://www.galeriart.ro/eshop/prodView.asp?idproduct%3D520">„Pensule rotunde scurte păr sintetic Cotman 111 - Winsor Newton”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.galeriart.ro/eshop/prodView.asp?idproduct%3D520">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-01-25">25 ianuarie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pensule+rotunde+scurte+p%C4%83r+sintetic+Cotman+111+-+Winsor+Newton&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.galeriart.ro%2Feshop%2FprodView.asp%3Fidproduct%3D520&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-pisica-42">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pisica_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-pisica_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.picturaonline.ro/shop/pensule/pensule-cu-fir-sintetic/escoda-gold-toray-filbert-1500/prod_933.html">„Escoda Gold Toray Filbert 1500”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Escoda+Gold+Toray+Filbert+1500&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.picturaonline.ro%2Fshop%2Fpensule%2Fpensule-cu-fir-sintetic%2Fescoda-gold-toray-filbert-1500%2Fprod_933.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.galeriart.ro/eShop/prodview.asp?idproduct%3D524">„Pensule evantai păr sintetic Cotman 888 - Winsor Newton”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pensule+evantai+p%C4%83r+sintetic+Cotman+888+-+Winsor+Newton&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.galeriart.ro%2FeShop%2Fprodview.asp%3Fidproduct%3D524&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.complexart.ro/pensule-tesite-pentru-ochi-43530-professional-da-vinci.html">„Pensule teșite pentru ochi 43530 - Professional - Da Vinci”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pensule+te%C8%99ite+pentru+ochi+43530+-+Professional+-+Da+Vinci&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.complexart.ro%2Fpensule-tesite-pentru-ochi-43530-professional-da-vinci.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D289%26it%3D4">„Pensule Winsor&amp;Newton Aquarelle Mop”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pensule+Winsor%26Newton+Aquarelle+Mop&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lucas-impex.ro%2Fm.aspx%3Fid%3D289%26it%3D4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.complexart.ro/pensula-unghii-profesionala-da-vinci-12700-0.html">„Pensulă unghii profesională - Da Vinci - 12700-0”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pensul%C4%83+unghii+profesional%C4%83+-+Da+Vinci+-+12700-0&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.complexart.ro%2Fpensula-unghii-profesionala-da-vinci-12700-0.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://dexonline.ro/definitie/diluare">„Definiție diluare/a dilua”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Defini%C8%9Bie+diluare%2Fa+dilua&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdexonline.ro%2Fdefinitie%2Fdiluare&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> Definiție luată din DEX '98.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://acrilic.materiale-pictura.com/author/admin">Administrator</a> (<time datetime="2009-01-17">17 ianuarie 2009</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919110703/http://acrilic.materiale-pictura.com/instrumente/pictura-in-cutit">„Pictura în cuțit”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://acrilic.materiale-pictura.com/instrumente/pictura-in-cutit">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-09-19">19 septembrie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pictura+%C3%AEn+cu%C8%9Bit&amp;rft.date=2009-01-17&amp;rft.au=%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Facrilic.materiale-pictura.com%2Fauthor%2Fadmin+Administrator%5D&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facrilic.materiale-pictura.com%2Finstrumente%2Fpictura-in-cutit&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828144634/http://www.picturaonline.ro/shop/accesorii-pictura/cutite-pentru-pictura/cat_85.html">„Cuțite de pictură”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.picturaonline.ro/shop/accesorii-pictura/cutite-pentru-pictura/cat_85.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-08-28">28 august 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cu%C8%9Bite+de+pictur%C4%83&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.picturaonline.ro%2Fshop%2Faccesorii-pictura%2Fcutite-pentru-pictura%2Fcat_85.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-lisa-50">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lisa_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lisa_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lisa_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lisa_50-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lisa_50-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lisa_50-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109211211/http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D473%26it%3D4">„Solvenți pictură ulei”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D473%26it%3D4">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-11-09">9 noiembrie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Solven%C8%9Bi+pictur%C4%83+ulei&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lucas-impex.ro%2Fm.aspx%3Fid%3D473%26it%3D4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://dexonline.ro/definitie/acuarel%25C4%2583">„Definiție acuarelă”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-11">11 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Defini%C8%9Bie+acuarel%C4%83&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdexonline.ro%2Fdefinitie%2Facuarel%25C4%2583&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> Definiție luată din DEX '98.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816201054/http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D43%26it%3D4">„Seturi culori tempera și gouache”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D43%26it%3D4">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-08-16">16 august 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-11">11 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Seturi+culori+tempera+%C8%99i+gouache&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lucas-impex.ro%2Fm.aspx%3Fid%3D43%26it%3D4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://dexonline.ro/definitie/palet%25C4%2583">„Definiție paletă”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Defini%C8%9Bie+palet%C4%83&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdexonline.ro%2Fdefinitie%2Fpalet%25C4%2583&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> Definiție luată din DEX '98.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-paleta-54">^ <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-paleta_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-paleta_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-paleta_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-paleta_54-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-paleta_54-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109210010/http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D314%26it%3D4">„Paletă pentru pictură”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.lucas-impex.ro/m.aspx?id%3D314%26it%3D4">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-11-09">9 noiembrie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Palet%C4%83+pentru+pictur%C4%83&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lucas-impex.ro%2Fm.aspx%3Fid%3D314%26it%3D4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li>George Oprescu, <i>Szathmary</i>, București: Editura de Stat Pentru Literatură și Artă, 1954.</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba spaniolă">es</span> <cite class="citation book">Fuga, Antonella (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <i>Técnicas y materiales del arte</i>. Barcelona: Electa-Mondadori. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/84-8156-377-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/84-8156-377-3">84-8156-377-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=T%C3%A9cnicas+y+materiales+del+arte&amp;rft.place=Barcelona&amp;rft.pub=Electa-Mondadori&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=84-8156-377-3&amp;rft.au=Fuga%2C+Antonella&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Pedrola i Font, Antoni (<time datetime="1988">1988</time>). <i>Materials, procediments i tècniques pictòriques</i>. Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/84-7528-588-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/84-7528-588-0">84-7528-588-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Materials%2C+procediments+i+t%C3%A8cniques+pict%C3%B2riques&amp;rft.place=Barcelona&amp;rft.pub=Universitat+de+Barcelona&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.isbn=84-7528-588-0&amp;rft.au=Pedrola+i+Font%2C+Antoni&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation book">Bartolena, Simona, ed. (<time datetime="2010-06-07">7 iunie 2010</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.adevarul.ro/locale/bucuresti/Bucuresti-_Descopera_-Marile_Muzee_ale_lumii-_cu_-Adevarul_0_240576045.html"><i>Musée d'Orsay - Paris</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20.5 × 17.5 cm)</span>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adev%C4%83rul_Holding?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adevărul Holding">Adevărul Holding</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-606-539-215-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-606-539-215-1">978-606-539-215-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Mus%C3%A9e+d%27Orsay+-+Paris&amp;rft.pub=Adev%C4%83rul+Holding&amp;rft.date=2010-06-07&amp;rft.isbn=978-606-539-215-1&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adevarul.ro%2Flocale%2Fbucuresti%2FBucuresti-_Descopera_-Marile_Muzee_ale_lumii-_cu_-Adevarul_0_240576045.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation book">Crispino, Enrica (<time datetime="2009-09-16">16 septembrie 2009</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/eveniment/FOTOGALERIE-UPDATE-Michelangelo-Adevarul-Albumul_0_117588321.html"><i>Viața și opera lui MIchelangelo</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(20.5 × 17.5 cm)</span>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adev%C4%83rul_Holding?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adevărul Holding">Adevărul Holding</a>. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-606-539-081-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-606-539-081-2">978-606-539-081-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Via%C8%9Ba+%C8%99i+opera+lui+MIchelangelo&amp;rft.pub=Adev%C4%83rul+Holding&amp;rft.date=2009-09-16&amp;rft.isbn=978-606-539-081-2&amp;rft.au=Crispino%2C+Enrica&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adevarul.ro%2Factualitate%2Feveniment%2FFOTOGALERIE-UPDATE-Michelangelo-Adevarul-Albumul_0_117588321.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><i>ENCICLOPEDIA UNIVERSALĂ BRITANNICA</i>, coord. Ilieș Câmpeanu, Cornelia Marinescu. București, Editura Litera, 2010, Vol. 1 <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9789736757693?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-973-675-769-3</a> p.&nbsp;35</li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba spaniolă">es</span> <cite id="Sar84" class="citation book">DDAA (<time datetime="1984">1984</time>). <i>Historia Universal del Arte</i>. Madrid: Sarpe. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/84-7291-596-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/84-7291-596-4">84-7291-596-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historia+Universal+del+Arte&amp;rft.place=Madrid&amp;rft.pub=Sarpe&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.isbn=84-7291-596-4&amp;rft.au=DDAA&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba spaniolă">es</span> <cite id="Mal01" class="citation book">Maltese, Conrado (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <i>Las tecnicas artísticas</i>. Madrid: Cátedra. <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/84-376-0228-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/84-376-0228-9">84-376-0228-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Las+tecnicas+art%C3%ADsticas&amp;rft.place=Madrid&amp;rft.pub=C%C3%A1tedra&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=84-376-0228-9&amp;rft.au=Maltese%2C+Conrado&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></li> <li><i>Faimoșii inventatori și descoperirile lor epocale</i>, Editura Porțile Orientului, Iași, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9739297986?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 973-9297-98-6</a></li> <li><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba română">ro</span> <cite class="citation web">Roxana Arghirescu (<time datetime="2011-08-01">1 august 2011</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.divahair.ro/lux/cele_mai_scumpe_picturi_vandute_vreodata">„Cele mai scumpe picturi vândute vreodată”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-09-21">21 septembrie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cele+mai+scumpe+picturi+v%C3%A2ndute+vreodat%C4%83&amp;rft.date=2011-08-01&amp;rft.au=Roxana+Arghirescu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.divahair.ro%2Flux%2Fcele_mai_scumpe_picturi_vandute_vreodata&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3APictur%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"> Pentru secțiunea „Cele mai scumpe picturi”.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Lectură_suplimentară"><span id="Lectur.C4.83_suplimentar.C4.83"></span>Lectură suplimentară</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Lectură suplimentară" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li>Ursula Bagnall, Brian Bagnall, Astrid Hille, <i>Cartea mare a picturii în acuarelă</i>, Oradea: Editura Aquilla '93, 2000, <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9739494110?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 973-9494-11-0</a>, traducere a <i>Das große Ravensburger Buch der Aquarellmalerei</i>.</li> <li>Mihail V. Alpatov, <i>Istoria artei</i>, București: Editura Meridiane, 1966, traducere a <i>Geschichte der Kunst</i>.</li> <li>Vasile Drăguț ș.a., <i>Pictura Românească în imagini</i>, București: Editura Meridiane, 1970.</li> <li>Marin Nicolau-Golfin, <i>Istoria artei</i>, vol II, București: Editura Didactică și Pedagogică, 1970.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_pictori?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de pictori">Listă de pictori</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pictur%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modificare</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle, #f8f9f9); color:var(--color-base, #000); width: 230px; padding: 2px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Commons-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"> <noscript> <img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Commons" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Commons </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div style="margin-left: 35px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;"> <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> conține materiale multimedia legate de <b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Painting" class="extiw" title="commons:Painting">Pictură</a></b> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.crestinortodox.ro/religie/tehnici-pictura-69411.html">Tehnici de pictura</a>, 15 martie 2007, Pictor Aurora Oltean, <i>Grai Românesc</i></li> </ul> <p><br></p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <p><br clear="all"></p> <div style="clear:both"></div> <table class="toccolours itwiki_template_toc" style="margin-top:-1.3em; text-align:center; width:100%;border:2px solid #C2C200; font-size: 80%"> <tbody> <tr style="background-color: #F4EEA1"> <td style="width:40%; border:1px solid #C2C200;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pictură</a></b></td> <td style="border:1px solid #C2C200;"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Art%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artă">Artă</a></b></td> <td style="width:40%;border:1px solid #C2C200;"><b><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculptur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculptură">Sculptură</a></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #F0F080;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_pictori?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de pictori">Pictori celebri</a> • <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istoria_picturii?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istoria picturii">Picturi celebre</a> • <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_pictori_rom%C3%A2ni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de pictori români">Pictori români</a></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid #F0F080; border-left:1px solid #F0F080;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_celor_mai_vizitate_muzee_de_art%C4%83_din_lume?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista celor mai vizitate muzee de artă din lume">Muzee</a></td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #F0F080;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_sculptori?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de sculptori">Sculptori celebri</a> • <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istoria_sculpturii?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istoria sculpturii">Sculpturi celebre</a> • <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List%C4%83_de_sculptori_rom%C3%A2ni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listă de sculptori români">Sculptori români</a></td> </tr> <tr style="background-color:#F9F6D4;"> <td style="border-right:1px solid #E1E100;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categorie:Pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categorie:Pictură">Pictură</a> • <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categorie:Pictori?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categorie:Pictori">Pictori</a> • <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categorie:Picturi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categorie:Picturi">Picturi</a> • <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categorie:Tehnici_%C3%AEn_pictur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categorie:Tehnici în pictură">Tehnici</a></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid #E1E100; border-left:1px solid #E1E100;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categorie:Curente_culturale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categorie:Curente culturale">Curente culturale</a> • <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categorie:Curente_artistice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categorie:Curente artistice">Curente artistice</a></td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #E1E100;"><a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categorie:Sculptur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categorie:Sculptură">Sculptură</a> • <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categorie:Sculpturi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categorie:Sculpturi">Sculpturi</a> • <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categorie:Sculptori?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categorie:Sculptori">Sculptori</a> • <a href="https://ro-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categorie:Tehnici_de_sculptur%C4%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categorie:Tehnici de sculptură">Tehnici</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7c479b968‐m8gng Cached time: 20241117221648 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.626 seconds Real time usage: 0.782 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4148/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 95113/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 582/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 198124/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.271/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4386492/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 3/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 647.350 1 -total 26.30% 170.228 38 Format:Citat_web 12.29% 79.570 1 Format:En 9.76% 63.203 2 Format:Commonscat 7.08% 45.819 1 Format:Cele7arte 6.66% 43.083 1 Format:Casetă_de_navigare_simplă 6.20% 40.113 1 Format:Control_de_autoritate 3.62% 23.409 6 Format:Citat_carte 2.20% 14.256 3 Format:Articol_principal 1.81% 11.708 1 Format:Pictură-Sculptură --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key rowiki:pcache:idhash:9685-0!canonical and timestamp 20241117221648 and revision id 16638651. 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data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malerei" title="Malerei – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Malerei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%25B5%25E1%258B%2595%25E1%2588%258D" title="ስዕል – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስዕል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585_(%25D9%2581%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9)" title="رسم (فنون تشكيلية) – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رسم (فنون تشكيلية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D9%2585_(%25D9%2581%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D9%258A)" title="رسيم (فن تشكيلي) – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="رسيم (فن تشكيلي)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585" title="رسم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رسم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2599%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="চিত্ৰাঙ্কন – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চিত্ৰাঙ্কন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingeropa" title="Lingeropa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Lingeropa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C9%2599ssaml%25C4%25B1q" title="Rəssamlıq – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rəssamlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D9%2582" title="رساملیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رساملیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D2%25BA%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B_%25D1%2581%25D3%2599%25D0%25BD%25D2%2593%25D3%2599%25D1%2582" title="Һынлы сәнғәт – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һынлы сәнғәт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap%25C4%25ABba" title="Tapība – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tapība" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagpinta" title="Pagpinta – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagpinta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2596%25D1%258B%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D1%2581" title="Жывапіс – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жывапіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2596%25D1%258B%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BF%25D1%2596%25D1%2581" title="Жывапіс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жывапіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2596%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="Живопис – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Живопис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2582%258F" title="ပကီႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပကီႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2599%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="চিত্রাঙ্কন – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিত্রাঙ্কন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A2%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2598%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BC%258D" title="རི་མོ། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རི་མོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="চিত্রকলা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চিত্রকলা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livouriezh" title="Livouriezh – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Livouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slikarstvo" title="Slikarstvo – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Slikarstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B7%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3" title="Уран зураг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уран зураг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D3%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580" title="Ӏалам диллар – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏалам диллар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamintal" title="Pamintal – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pamintal" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2588%25DB%258E%25D9%2586%25DB%2595%25DA%25A9%25DB%258E%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C" title="وێنەکێشی – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وێنەکێشی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C3%25AD%25C5%2599stv%25C3%25AD" title="Malířství – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Malířství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25C4%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D3%25B3%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Сăрлавӳнер – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сăрлавӳнер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paentio" title="Paentio – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Paentio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleri" title="Maleri – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Maleri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malerei" title="Malerei – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malerei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asay%25C4%25B1%25C5%259Fv%25C4%25B1ra%25C5%259Fto%25C4%259F" title="Asayışvıraştoğ – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Asayışvıraştoğ" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2596%25CF%2589%25CE%25B3%25CF%2581%25CE%25B1%25CF%2586%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE" title="Ζωγραφική – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζωγραφική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit%25C3%25B9ra_(%25C3%25AArt)" title="Pitùra (êrt) – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pitùra (êrt)" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Painting" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentrarto" title="Pentrarto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pentrarto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalikunst" title="Maalikunst – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maalikunst" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margolaritza" title="Margolaritza – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Margolaritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C" title="نقاشی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نقاشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalaustaide" title="Maalaustaide – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maalaustaide" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droini" title="Droini – fijiană" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Droini" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peinture_(art)" title="Peinture (art) – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Peinture (art)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25A5%25C3%25A5lerkunst" title="Måålerkunst – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Måålerkunst" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skilderkeunst" title="Skilderkeunst – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skilderkeunst" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25A9int%25C3%25A9ireacht" title="Péintéireacht – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Péintéireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%2595%25AB%25E7%2595%25AB" title="畫畫 – chineză gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="畫畫" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chineză gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapentir" title="Lapentir – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lapentir" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2591embosa%25E2%2580%2599y" title="Ñembosa’y – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñembosa’y" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%259A%25E0%25AA%25BF%25E0%25AA%25A4%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AA%2595%25E0%25AA%25B2%25E0%25AA%25BE" title="ચિત્રકલા – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચિત્રકલા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%25E1%25BA%25B9nsisa" title="Osẹnsisa – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Osẹnsisa" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peintal" title="Peintal – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Peintal" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Painting" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A6%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8" title="ציור – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="चित्रकला – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चित्रकला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitrkalaa" title="Chitrkalaa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chitrkalaa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slikarstvo" title="Slikarstvo – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Slikarstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penti_(atizay)" title="Penti (atizay) – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Penti (atizay)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fest%25C5%2591m%25C5%25B1v%25C3%25A9szet" title="Festőművészet – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Festőművészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B3%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B2%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25B9%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Գեղանկարչություն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գեղանկարչություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B3%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B2%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25B9%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25AB%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Գեղանկարչութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գեղանկարչութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictura" title="Pictura – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pictura" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_lukis" title="Seni lukis – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seni lukis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinintaan" title="Pinintaan – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pinintaan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikto" title="Pikto – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pikto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25A1lverk" title="Málverk – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málverk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittura" title="Pittura – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pittura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25B5%25B5%25E7%2594%25BB" title="絵画 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="絵画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pientin" title="Pientin – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Pientin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cintylarcu" title="cintylarcu – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cintylarcu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukisan" title="Lukisan – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lukisan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25AC%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590" title="ფერწერა – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფერწერა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%25C9%2594l%25C9%25A9m" title="Tɔlɩm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɔlɩm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5" title="Кескіндеме – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кескіндеме" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%259A%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25A4%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B3%2586" title="ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%259A%258C%25ED%2599%2594" title="회화 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="회화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%25C3%25AEgar" title="Nîgar – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nîgar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwans" title="Liwans – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Liwans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2596%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%258C" title="Живопись – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Живопись" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictura" title="Pictura – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pictura" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molerei" title="Molerei – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Molerei" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depinta" title="Depinta – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Depinta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjilderkuns" title="Sjilderkuns – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjilderkuns" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitura" title="Pitura – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pitura" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittura" title="Pittura – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pittura" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%2588%25E0%25BA%25B4%25E0%25BA%2595%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%25B3" title="ຈິຕະກຳ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຈິຕະກຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapyba" title="Tapyba – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tapyba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glezniec%25C4%25ABba" title="Glezniecība – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Glezniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosodoko" title="Hosodoko – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hosodoko" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D3%25B1%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2582" title="Сылнысӱрет – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сылнысӱрет" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Сликарство – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сликарство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%259A%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B4%25B2" title="ചിത്രകല – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചിത്രകല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B7%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3" title="Уран зураг – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уран зураг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="चित्रकार – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चित्रकार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_lukis" title="Seni lukis – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Seni lukis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittura" title="Pittura – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Pittura" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AE" title="ပန်းချီ – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပန်းချီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D1%2580%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0" title="Артома – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Артома" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittura" title="Pittura – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Pittura" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleree" title="Maleree – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Maleree" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeelderskeunst" title="Skeelderskeunst – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Skeelderskeunst" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="चित्रकला – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चित्रकला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%258D_(%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A5%258D_%25E0%25A5%25A8%25E0%25A5%25A6%25E0%25A5%25A6%25E0%25A5%25A7%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE_%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A4%25BE)" title="चित्तिरम् (सन् २००१या संकिपा) – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चित्तिरम् (सन् २००१या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schilderkunst" title="Schilderkunst – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schilderkunst" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25A5larkunst" title="Målarkunst – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Målarkunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malerkunst" title="Malerkunst – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Malerkunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%25CA%25BCashch%25CA%25BC%25C4%2585%25C4%2585%25CA%25BC" title="Naʼashchʼąąʼ – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naʼashchʼąąʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%259A%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A9%25B1%25E0%25A8%25A4%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2580" title="ਚਿੱਤਰਕਾਰੀ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਿੱਤਰਕਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinture" title="Pinture – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Pinture" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malarstwo" title="Malarstwo – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malarstwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%25BE%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25D9%25B9%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF" title="پینٹنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پینٹنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%2581%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DA%25A9%25DA%259A%25D9%2586%25D9%2587" title="انځورکښنه – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انځورکښنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/zuga" title="zuga – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="zuga" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llimphiy" title="Llimphiy – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llimphiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2596%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%258C" title="Живопись – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Живопись" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Малярство – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Малярство" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="चित्रकला – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चित्रकला" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittura" title="Pittura – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pittura" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%2586%25D9%25BD%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A" title="چٽسالي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چٽسالي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slikarstvo" title="Slikarstvo – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Slikarstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25A0%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25AD%25E0%25B7%258A%25E2%2580%258D%25E0%25B6%25BB_%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2580" title="චිත්‍ර කලාව – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චිත්‍ර කලාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Painting" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliarstvo" title="Maliarstvo – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maliarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slikarstvo" title="Slikarstvo – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slikarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupendha" title="Kupendha – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kupendha" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piktura" title="Piktura – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Piktura" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Сликарство – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сликарство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moalerkunst" title="Moalerkunst – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Moalerkunst" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukisan" title="Lukisan – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lukisan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25A5larkonst" title="Målarkonst – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Målarkonst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchoraji" title="Uchoraji – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchoraji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2593%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D_%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%2588" title="ஓவியக் கலை – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓவியக் கலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%259A%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B1%2587%25E0%25B0%2596%25E0%25B0%25A8%25E0%25B0%2582" title="చిత్రలేఖనం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చిత్రలేఖనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D2%259B%25D2%259B%25D0%25BE%25D1%2588%25D3%25A3" title="Наққошӣ – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Наққошӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2588%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A1" title="จิตรกรรม – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จิตรกรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_sungaty" title="Surat sungaty – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Surat sungaty" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinta" title="Pinta – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pinta" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C9%2599ssam%25C9%2599ti" title="Rəssaməti – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Rəssaməti" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resim" title="Resim – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Resim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2596%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581" title="Живопис – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Живопис" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C" title="نقاشی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نقاشی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassomlik_san%25CA%25BCati" title="Rassomlik sanʼati – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rassomlik sanʼati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitura" title="Pitura – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pitura" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voimujupirdand" title="Voimujupirdand – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Voimujupirdand" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%25E1%25BB%2599i_h%25E1%25BB%258Da" title="Hội họa – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hội họa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondeure" title="Pondeure – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pondeure" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagpintura" title="Pagpintura – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagpintura" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuub" title="Cuub – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Cuub" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25BB%2598%25E7%2594%25BB" title="绘画 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="绘画" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25AD%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2590" title="ფერჭარუა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფერჭარუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2599" title="מאלעריי – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאלעריי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2580w%25C3%25B2r%25C3%25A1n_k%25C3%25ADk%25C3%25B9n" title="Àwòrán kíkùn – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwòrán kíkùn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veh_veh" title="Veh veh – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Veh veh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schilderkunst" title="Schilderkunst – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Schilderkunst" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25BB%2598%25E7%2594%25BB" title="绘画 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="绘画" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25B9%25AA%25E7%2595%25AB" title="繪畫 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="繪畫" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25B2e-%25C5%258De" title="Kòe-ōe – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kòe-ōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%2595%25AB%25E7%2595%25AB" title="畫畫 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="畫畫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" 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