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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Амбруаз Валар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амбруаз Валар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%A6_%D5%8E%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Ամբրուազ Վոլար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամբրուազ Վոլար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="امبرواز فولارد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امبرواز فولارد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="アンブロワーズ・ヴォラール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンブロワーズ・ヴォラール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80,_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Воллар, Амбруаз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Воллар, Амбруаз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Амброаз Волар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Амброаз Волар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ambroise Vollard" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Амбруаз Воллар – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Амбруаз Воллар" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q459041#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="View the content page [c]" 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El entierro de Casagemas</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1866-07-03</span>)</span>3 July 1866<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a>, Réunion</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 July 1939<span style="display:none">(1939-07-21)</span> (aged 73)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles">Versailles</a>, France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">Art dealer</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ambroise Vollard</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɑ̃bʁwaz<span class="wrap"> </span>vɔlaʁ]</a></span>; 3 July 1866 – 21 July 1939) was a French <a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">art dealer</a> who is regarded as one of the most important dealers in French contemporary art at the beginning of the twentieth century. He is credited with being a major supporter and champion of the contemporary artists of his period, providing exposure and emotional support to numerous then-unknown artists, including <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-coop_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Maillol" title="Aristide Maillol">Aristide Maillol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Valtat" title="Louis Valtat">Louis Valtat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-coop_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coop-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Derain" title="André Derain">André Derain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Rouault" title="Georges Rouault">Georges Rouault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was also an avid art collector and publisher, especially of print series by leading artists. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambroise_Vollard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis, Réunion</a>, he was raised in the French <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> colony. After his <a href="/wiki/Matura" title="Matura">matura</a> (final exams) in <a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9union" class="mw-redirect" title="La Réunion">La Réunion</a>, he went to study <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">jurisprudence</a> in France from 1885, for a while in <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, then at the École de droit in Paris, where he received his degree in 1888. </p><p>During his studies, Vollard converted himself into an "amateur-merchant" by becoming a clerk for an art dealer, and in 1893 established his own art gallery, at <a href="/wiki/Rue_Laffitte" title="Rue Laffitte">Rue Laffitte</a>, then the center of the Parisian market for contemporary art. There Vollard mounted his first major exhibitions, buying almost the entire output of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9zanne" class="mw-redirect" title="Cézanne">Cézanne</a>, some 150 canvases, to create his first exhibition in 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by exhibitions of <a href="/wiki/Manet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manet">Manet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gauguin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauguin">Gauguin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_van_Gogh" title="Vincent van Gogh">Vincent van Gogh</a> (4 – 30 June 1895); for <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Mourey" title="Gabriel Mourey">Gabriel Mourey</a>, French correspondent of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Studio_(magazine)" title="The Studio (magazine)">The Studio</a></i> in Paris, this was simply a matter of "<a href="/wiki/Scylla_and_Charybdis" class="mw-redirect" title="Scylla and Charybdis">Scylla and Charybdis</a>".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These were followed by a second Cézanne exhibition (1898), the first Picasso exhibition (1901) and a <a href="/wiki/Matisse" class="mw-redirect" title="Matisse">Matisse</a> exhibition (1904). </p><p>Much has been made of his physical appearance and countenance (grimly described as a "large, gruff, boorish fellow" with "downcast eyes..."); however, he was also a very shrewd businessman who made a fortune with the "buy low, sell high" mantra. His clients included <a href="/wiki/Albert_C._Barnes" title="Albert C. Barnes">Albert C. Barnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Osborne_Havemeyer" title="Henry Osborne Havemeyer">Henry Osborne Havemeyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein</a> and her brother, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Stein" title="Leo Stein">Leo Stein</a>. A digital archive consisting of materials from the Galérie Vollard (1893–1939) and the archives of his publishing house <i>Ambroise Vollard, éditeur</i> (1895–1939) was published online by the Wildenstein Plattner Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cezanne_Ambroise_Vollard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cezanne_Ambroise_Vollard.jpg/220px-Cezanne_Ambroise_Vollard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cezanne_Ambroise_Vollard.jpg/330px-Cezanne_Ambroise_Vollard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Cezanne_Ambroise_Vollard.jpg/440px-Cezanne_Ambroise_Vollard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3540" data-file-height="4361" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, <i>Portrait of Ambroise Vollard</i>, 1899. <a href="/wiki/Petit_Palais" title="Petit Palais">Musée des Beaux-Arts</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Having put on the first <a href="/wiki/Picasso" class="mw-redirect" title="Picasso">Picasso</a> exhibition,<sup id="cite_ref-Davies_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1930 Vollard commissioned Picasso to produce a suite of 100 etchings which became known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Vollard_Suite" title="Vollard Suite">Vollard Suite</a></i>. An earlier <i>Vollard Suite</i> was commissioned from <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a> in 1898–99, a smaller group in <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monotype" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotype">monotype</a>, which Vollard did not like. </p><p>Vollard would later write biographies of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9zanne" class="mw-redirect" title="Cézanne">Cézanne</a> (1914), <a href="/wiki/Degas" class="mw-redirect" title="Degas">Degas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Renoir</a>. In 1937 he published his <a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">autobiography</a>, <i>Recollections of a Picture Dealer</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publisher_of_prints">Publisher of prints</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambroise_Vollard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Publisher of prints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1890 Vollard opened a gallery in Paris, where he exhibited the work of artists such as <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a>. In 1901 he organized the first exhibition of works by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>. Vollard was especially concerned with promoting the work of marginal artists, artists rejected by the official salons. His success in the sale of paintings allowed him to subsidize editions of prints purely out of personal interest, since they rarely brought him profits. He was also concerned about the quality of the productions, always trying to have the best materials and the best technicians: for <a href="/wiki/Lithography" title="Lithography">lithography</a> he relied especially on Blanchard, for <a href="/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut">woodcuts</a> on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Beltrand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Beltrand (page does not exist)">Tony Beltrand</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Beltrand" class="extiw" title="fr:Tony Beltrand">fr</a>; <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Beltrand" class="extiw" title="es:Tony Beltrand">es</a>]</span> and for <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etchings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engravings</a> on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Fort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Fort (page does not exist)">Louis Fort</a>. Among his collaborators, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Clot" title="Auguste Clot">Auguste Clot</a> stands out, an expert printmaker who knew how to remain in the shadow of the artists but whose technical work was indispensable to achieve the quality levels of the albums published by Vollard, with whom he collaborated for thirty years.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of Vollard's production focused on <a href="/wiki/Limited_edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited edition">limited editions</a> for collectors, made by the best artists of the day. His first editions were based on prints purchased from artists that had already been printed or published, for example the Gauguin <a href="/wiki/Zincograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Zincograph">zincographs</a> exhibited at the Café Volpini in 1889, which Clot printed again in 1894. But from then on he devoted himself above all to directly commissioning artists to provide him with prints: such was the case of his first album, <i>Quelques Aspects de la Vie de Paris</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Pierre Bonnard</a>, produced in 1895 in Clot's workshop, of which one hundred numbered impressions were published and signed by the artist. The following year he published <i>L'Album des peintres-graveurs</i>, in which artists such as <a href="/wiki/Albert_Besnard" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Besnard">Albert Besnard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_%C3%89mile_Blanche" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Émile Blanche">Jacques Émile Blanche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard" title="Pierre Bonnard">Pierre Bonnard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Denis" title="Maurice Denis">Maurice Denis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Fantin-Latour" title="Henri Fantin-Latour">Henri Fantin-Latour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armand_Guillaumin" title="Armand Guillaumin">Armand Guillaumin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermann-Paul" title="Hermann-Paul">Hermann-Paul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odilon_Redon" title="Odilon Redon">Odilon Redon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef_Rippl-R%C3%B3nai" title="József Rippl-Rónai">József Rippl-Rónai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9o_van_Rysselberghe" title="Théo van Rysselberghe">Théo van Rysselberghe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Toorop" title="Jan Toorop">Jan Toorop</a>, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Vallotton" title="Félix Vallotton">Félix Vallotton</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vuillard" title="Édouard Vuillard">Édouard Vuillard</a>. In the second album, in 1897, some of these artists repeated, and participated for the first time <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Aman-Jean" title="Edmond Aman-Jean">Edmond Aman-Jean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Eugène Carrière">Eugène Carrière</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_de_Feure" title="Georges de Feure">Georges de Feure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Grasset" title="Eugène Grasset">Eugène Grasset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Martin_(painter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Martin (painter)">Henri Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Pissarro" title="Lucien Pissarro">Lucien Pissarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Puvis_de_Chavannes" title="Pierre Puvis de Chavannes">Pierre Puvis de Chavannes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ker-Xavier_Roussel" title="Ker-Xavier Roussel">Ker-Xavier Roussel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Alfred Sisley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_McNeill_Whistler" title="James McNeill Whistler">James McNeill Whistler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another field of publishing for Vollard was the illustrated book for bibliophiles, of which he promoted twenty-two projects between 1900 and 1939. Vollard always selected the artist, whom he sometimes let select the text he would like to illustrate. His first edition was <i>Parallèlement</i> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Verlaine" title="Paul Verlaine">Paul Verlaine</a>, illustrated by Pierre Bonnard, which was a commercial failure, as was the next, <i><a href="/wiki/Daphnis_and_Chloe" title="Daphnis and Chloe">Daphnis and Chloe</a></i>, also by Bonnard. Made in lithography, for the next edition he opted for the woodcut, more appreciated by collectors: <i><a href="/wiki/Imitation_of_Christ" title="Imitation of Christ">Imitation of Christ</a></i>, illustrated by Maurice Denis, was a sales success. Among his subsequent editions, the following stand out: <i>Les Amours</i> by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Ronsard" title="Pierre de Ronsard">Pierre de Ronsard</a> (1915, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Bernard" title="Émile Bernard">Émile Bernard</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Fleurs_du_mal" title="Les Fleurs du mal">Les Fleurs du mal</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a> (1916, Bernard), <i>Œuvres de maistre François Villon</i> (1919, Bernard), <i>Les Petites Fleurs de Saint François</i> (1928, Bernard), <i>Les âmes mortes</i> by <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Gogol" title="Nikolai Gogol">Nikolai Gogol</a> (1924-1925, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a>), <i>Les Fables</i> by <a href="/wiki/La_Fontaine" class="mw-redirect" title="La Fontaine">La Fontaine</a> (1926-1931, Chagall), <i>La Belle Enfant ou L'Amour à quarante ans</i> by Eugène Montfort (1930, <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Raoul Dufy</a>), <i>L'Ancien Testament</i> (1931-1939, Chagall).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89mile_Bernard_Fleurs_du_mal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%C3%89mile_Bernard_Fleurs_du_mal.jpg/220px-%C3%89mile_Bernard_Fleurs_du_mal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%C3%89mile_Bernard_Fleurs_du_mal.jpg/330px-%C3%89mile_Bernard_Fleurs_du_mal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%C3%89mile_Bernard_Fleurs_du_mal.jpg/440px-%C3%89mile_Bernard_Fleurs_du_mal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Illustration for <i>Les Fleurs du mal</i> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a> (1916), by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Bernard" title="Émile Bernard">Émile Bernard</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, due to the difficulty in finding quality materials, he had to resort to photoengraving for some of his editions. Even so, he achieved quality results, especially thanks to the collaboration of Georges Rouault. Vollard's first collaboration with this artist took place in 1912, when Rouault offered him to edit a <i>Miserere</i> on which he was working; Vollard bought it in exchange for illustrating a book written by the dealer himself, <i>Les Réincarnations du Père Ubu</i>, which would not see the light until 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-Carrete_1993_113_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrete_1993_113-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Miserere</i> (1916-1927) is one of the most original and creative series of prints of the early 20th century, in which the artist combined different techniques: the drawing was transferred to copper plates by means of <a href="/wiki/Heliogravure" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliogravure">heliogravure</a>, on which Rouault worked with acid and etching tools, achieving unique tones and values in the history of engraving. The final result did not satisfy Vollard, however, who considered it unsaleable; Rouault had to sue his heirs to get the plates, and the series was finally published in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s, Vollard resumed publishing original prints, publishing works by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a>, Marc Chagall, Raoul Dufy, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Flandrin" title="Jules Flandrin">Jules Flandrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsuguharu_Foujita" title="Tsuguharu Foujita">Tsuguharu Foujita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Maillol" title="Aristide Maillol">Aristide Maillol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Vlaminck" title="Maurice de Vlaminck">Maurice de Vlaminck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His last two editions, before his death, were of works by Rouault: <i>Cirque de l'étoile filante</i> (1938) and <i>Passioné</i> (1939).<sup id="cite_ref-Carrete_1993_113_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carrete_1993_113-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vollard_Suite.2869.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Vollard_Suite.2869.jpg/220px-Vollard_Suite.2869.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Vollard_Suite.2869.jpg/330px-Vollard_Suite.2869.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Vollard_Suite.2869.jpg/440px-Vollard_Suite.2869.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Prints by <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Vollard_Suite" title="Vollard Suite">Vollard Suite</a></i>, 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>Vollard's greatest success was undoubtedly his collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, which gave rise to one of the best known series of prints made in the century: the <i><a href="/wiki/Vollard_Suite" title="Vollard Suite">Vollard Suite</a></i>. In the 1920s, Picasso's relationship with Vollard grew close: a series of etchings made by Picasso in 1927 on the theme of the artist and his model was acquired by the dealer to illustrate <i><a href="/wiki/The_Unknown_Masterpiece" class="mw-redirect" title="The Unknown Masterpiece">The Unknown Masterpiece</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, published in 1931. It was then that Vollard commissioned a series of prints that the artist produced between 1930 and 1937, and which was published in 1939: the <i>Vollard Suite</i>. It is a set of one hundred prints—most of them <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etchings</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Drypoint" title="Drypoint">drypoint</a>—of diverse subject matter, divided into several sequences; the largest (about forty) revolve around the theme <i>The sculptor's workshop</i>, centered on the relationship between a sculptor, his model and his work, an autobiographical reference in which the model is Marie-Thérèse Walter, his partner at the time; another group revolves around the theme of <i>The Rape</i>, while there are several dedicated to the figure of <i>The Minotaur</i>, among which stands out <i>Blind Minotaur in the Dark</i>, considered one of the best of the series; there are also three portraits of Vollard. At the same time, in 1931 he illustrated for the publisher <a href="/wiki/Albert_Skira" title="Albert Skira">Albert Skira</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Metamorphoses" class="mw-redirect" title="The Metamorphoses">The Metamorphoses</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassou_1976_242–244_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassou_1976_242–244-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935 he made <i><a href="/wiki/Minotauromachy" title="Minotauromachy">Minotauromachy</a></i>, an etching with engraving, where he takes up again the figure of the <a href="/wiki/Minotaur" title="Minotaur">Minotaur</a> seen for example in <i><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_Kneeling_over_Sleeping_Girl" title="Minotaur Kneeling over Sleeping Girl">Minotaur Kneeling over Sleeping Girl</a></i> from the <i>Vollard Suite</i>. It is considered one of the stylistic precedents of <i><a href="/wiki/Guernica_(Picasso)" title="Guernica (Picasso)">Guernica</a></i>. Between 1936 and 1937 he illustrated <i><a href="/wiki/Histoire_naturelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Histoire naturelle">Historia natural</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Louis_Leclerc" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Louis Leclerc">Buffon</a> (published in 1942), again commissioned by Vollard, a set of thirty-one <a href="/wiki/Etching#Controlling_the_acid's_effects" title="Etching">sugar-lift etchings</a> in a realistic style. In 1937, he made <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dream_and_Lie_of_Franco" title="The Dream and Lie of Franco">The Dream and Lie of Franco</a></i> (<i>Sueño y mentira de Franco</i>), a set of eighteen small vignette-like images etched on two copper plates (with <a href="/wiki/Aquatint" title="Aquatint">aquatint</a>), as a denunciation against the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>; a thousand copies were printed and sold at the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Internationale_des_Arts_et_Techniques_dans_la_Vie_Moderne#Pavilions" title="Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne">Spanish Pavilion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Internationale_des_Arts_et_Techniques_dans_la_Vie_Moderne" title="Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne">Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne</a> of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-Cassou_1976_242–244_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassou_1976_242–244-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portraits">Portraits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambroise_Vollard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Portraits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambroise_Vollard_avec_un_foulard_rouge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ambroise_Vollard_avec_un_foulard_rouge.jpg/220px-Ambroise_Vollard_avec_un_foulard_rouge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ambroise_Vollard_avec_un_foulard_rouge.jpg/330px-Ambroise_Vollard_avec_un_foulard_rouge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Ambroise_Vollard_avec_un_foulard_rouge.jpg/440px-Ambroise_Vollard_avec_un_foulard_rouge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2880" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Ambroise_Vollard_in_a_Red_Headscarf" title="Portrait of Ambroise Vollard in a Red Headscarf">Portrait of Ambroise Vollard in a Red Headscarf</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Renoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Renoir">Renoir</a>, 1899</figcaption></figure> <p>Vollard was depicted in numerous portraits in his lifetime, as a result of his relationships with many artists of the period and his influence on their careers. The first of these was <i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Ambroise_Vollard_(C%C3%A9zanne)" title="Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (Cézanne)">Portrait of Ambroise Vollard</a></i> painted by Cézanne in 1899. Other notable portraits include, <i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Ambroise_Vollard_in_a_Red_Headscarf" title="Portrait of Ambroise Vollard in a Red Headscarf">Portrait of Ambroise Vollard in a Red Headscarf</a></i> by Renoir in 1899, <i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Ambroise_Vollard_with_a_Cat" title="Portrait of Ambroise Vollard with a Cat">Portrait of Ambroise Vollard with a Cat</a></i>, painted by Pierre Bonnard c.1924, and <i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Ambroise_Vollard_(Picasso)" title="Portrait of Ambroise Vollard (Picasso)">Portrait of Ambroise Vollard</a></i> painted by Pablo Picasso in 1910. Picasso opined that, "they all did him through a sense of competition, each one wanting to do him better than the others".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambroise_Vollard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With war approaching, Vollard set out in July 1939 from his cottage in <a href="/wiki/Le_Tremblay-sur-Mauldre" title="Le Tremblay-sur-Mauldre">Le Tremblay-sur-Mauldre</a> to travel to his mansion on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rue_de_Martignac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rue de Martignac (page does not exist)">Rue de Martignac</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue_de_Martignac" class="extiw" title="fr:Rue de Martignac">fr</a>]</span>, where he had stored 10,000 artworks. Nearing the junction to Pontchartrain, on a very wet road, his <a href="/wiki/Chauffeur" title="Chauffeur">chauffeur</a>-driven <a href="/wiki/Talbot_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talbot (automobile)">Talbot</a> skidded and then somersaulted twice. Having fractured his <a href="/wiki/Cervical_vertebrae" title="Cervical vertebrae">cervical vertebrae</a>, there he lay with his chauffeur until found dead, aged 73, the following morning.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_collection">Art collection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambroise_Vollard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Art collection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his death, Vollard's <a href="/wiki/Executor" title="Executor">executor</a> was fellow dealer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Fabiani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Fabiani (page does not exist)">Martin Fabiani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Fabiani" class="extiw" title="fr:Martin Fabiani">fr</a>]</span>, who was instructed to divide his collection between his heirs: Madelaine de Galea, an alleged mistress; and his brother Lucien.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_invasion_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi invasion of France">Nazi invasion of France</a>, which started on 10 May 1940, Fabiani hurriedly shipped 560 paintings to <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bignou" title="Étienne Bignou">Étienne Bignou</a>'s art gallery on <a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">57th Street</a> in New York City in the United States, where prices were likely higher. The paintings left on the <i><a href="/wiki/USS_Joseph_Hewes_(AP-50)" title="USS Joseph Hewes (AP-50)">SS Excalibur</a></i> from <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, Portugal on 25 September 1940, but the ship was intercepted by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/H._Montgomery_Hyde" title="H. Montgomery Hyde">H. Montgomery Hyde</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> on 3 October.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designated "enemy property", the paintings were stored at the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Canada" title="National Gallery of Canada">National Gallery of Canada</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Post-war, on 19 April 1949, the London prize court agreed to the release of the pieces to Fabiani, who returned the works to Vollard's sisters. In gratitude, the sisters donated all of the lithographs by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Rouault" title="Georges Rouault">Rouault</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chagall" class="mw-redirect" title="Chagall">Chagall</a>, and a single painting by <a href="/wiki/Gauguin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauguin">Gauguin</a> to the National Gallery of Canada. The remaining works soon started appearing on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> commercial art gallery market, where they were quickly sold.<sup id="cite_ref-Rabinow_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rabinow-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-karrels_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karrels-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_106.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_106.jpg/220px-Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_106.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_106.jpg/330px-Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_106.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_106.jpg/440px-Pierre-Auguste_Renoir_106.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2466" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a>, <i>Portrait of Ambroise Vollard,</i> 1908, 82 x 65 cm, <a href="/wiki/Courtauld_Institute_Galleries" class="mw-redirect" title="Courtauld Institute Galleries">Courtauld Institute Galleries</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <p>Vollard's former secretary and protégé, <a href="/wiki/Erich_%C5%A0lomovi%C4%87" title="Erich Šlomović">Erich Šlomović</a>, a young Serb with Jewish origins (b. 1915), had connections with Vollard, Fabiani, and Lucien Vollard from about 1938. He had often stated his wish to create a museum of French art collected by him in <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. Šlomović had amassed a collection of about 600 works, most of them prints or drawings, with a few important oil paintings, by a combination of exchange, gift, purchase, and donation. Vollard had put him in direct contact with the most prominent artists of the day and often asked him to act as agent for art selling or purchasing purposes. </p><p>Beginning in 1940, Šlomović put about 200 works in storage in a bank vault, at a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale" title="Société Générale">Société Générale</a> in Paris. Returning home with about 450 works, he exhibited them in Zagreb, Croatia, in 1940. With the advance of German armies in Serbia, he went into hiding, along with his brother Egon, and his father and mother Roza. They placed the paintings in crates behind the wall of a farmhouse in the Southern Serbian village of <a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dina" title="Bačina">Bacina</a>. Šlomović, his brother and father were soon arrested, and, like many other Jews in occupied Serbia, killed by the Nazi Germans in 1942 in Belgrade. After the war the paintings were appropriated by the Yugoslav authorities. They have been shown officially only once, in 1989 in Belgrade and Zagreb under the name "Slomovic Collection." A legal battle is currently (2014) underway to determine the ownership of the Belgrade collection, including the Šlomović heirs, the Vollard beneficiaries, and the Serbian government.<sup id="cite_ref-Rabinow_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rabinow-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Paris works were discovered in 1979 when the bank was allowed to open its vault to recover unpaid storage fees. An 11-year legal dispute ensued by the heirs of both Vollard and Šlomović, which delayed their resale. A court in Amiens, France, ruled in 1996 that the paintings stored in Paris were to be awarded to the Vollard estate. These were sold off by <a href="/wiki/Sotheby%27s" title="Sotheby's">Sotheby's</a> in Paris and in London in June 2010, totaling 30 million euros in proceeds. These included a 1905 <a href="/wiki/Derain" class="mw-redirect" title="Derain">Derain</a> painted at <a href="/wiki/Collioure" title="Collioure">Collioure</a>, as well as works by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a>, Cézanne, Chagall, Degas, Picasso and Renoir.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambroise_Vollard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-coop-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coop_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coop_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, Philip. <i>Cubism</i>. London: Phaidon, 1995, p. 48. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0714832502" title="Special:BookSources/0714832502">0714832502</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStamberg2006" class="citation news cs1">Stamberg, Susan (17 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2006/10/17/6279921/the-art-of-the-dealer-from-cezanne-to-picasso">"The Art of the Dealer: 'From Cezanne to Picasso'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. National Public Radio<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Art+of+the+Dealer%3A+%27From+Cezanne+to+Picasso%27&rft.date=2006-10-17&rft.aulast=Stamberg&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2006%2F10%2F17%2F6279921%2Fthe-art-of-the-dealer-from-cezanne-to-picasso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbroise+Vollard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davies_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2010" class="citation news cs1">Davies, Lucy (14 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/7818407/Ambroise-Vollard-the-original-Charles-Saatchi.html">"Ambroise Vollard: the original Charles Saatchi"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Ambroise+Vollard%3A+the+original+Charles+Saatchi&rft.date=2010-06-14&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fart%2F7818407%2FAmbroise-Vollard-the-original-Charles-Saatchi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbroise+Vollard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalprojects.wpi.art/archive/detail/14-ambroise-vollard-records">"WPI Digital Archives & Catalogues Raisonnés"</a>. <i>digitalprojects.wpi.art</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digitalprojects.wpi.art&rft.atitle=WPI+Digital+Archives+%26+Catalogues+Raisonn%C3%A9s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalprojects.wpi.art%2Farchive%2Fdetail%2F14-ambroise-vollard-records&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbroise+Vollard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbroise_Vollard2003" class="citation book cs1">Ambroise Vollard (28 March 2003). <i>Recollections of a Picture Dealer</i>. Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0486428529" title="Special:BookSources/978-0486428529"><bdi>978-0486428529</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recollections+of+a+Picture+Dealer&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2003-03-28&rft.isbn=978-0486428529&rft.au=Ambroise+Vollard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbroise+Vollard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarreteVega1993">Carrete & Vega (1993</a>, pp. 86–90)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarreteVega1993">Carrete & Vega (1993</a>, pp. 94–99)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarreteVega1993">Carrete & Vega (1993</a>, pp. 103–106)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carrete_1993_113-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carrete_1993_113_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carrete_1993_113_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarreteVega1993">Carrete & Vega (1993</a>, p. 113)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarreteVega1993">Carrete & Vega (1993</a>, pp. 112–113)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarreteVega1993">Carrete & Vega (1993</a>, p. 106)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassou_1976_242–244-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cassou_1976_242–244_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cassou_1976_242–244_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCassou1976">Cassou (1976</a>, pp. 242–244)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartstory.org/influencer/vollard-ambroise/artworks/">"Ambroise Vollard and Important Artists and Artworks"</a>. <i>The Art Story</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Story&rft.atitle=Ambroise+Vollard+and+Important+Artists+and+Artworks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartstory.org%2Finfluencer%2Fvollard-ambroise%2Fartworks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbroise+Vollard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDowall2024" class="citation web cs1">McDowall, Duncan (21 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebermudian.com/heritage/heritage-heritage/the-shipping-news-bermuda-1940/">"The Shipping News: Bermuda 1940"</a>. <i>The Bermudian Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bermudian+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Shipping+News%3A+Bermuda+1940&rft.date=2024-01-21&rft.aulast=McDowall&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebermudian.com%2Fheritage%2Fheritage-heritage%2Fthe-shipping-news-bermuda-1940%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbroise+Vollard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressreader.com/canada/ottawa-citizen/20130420/281857231023732">"CéZANNE: 'LOST' AND FOUND"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen" title="Ottawa Citizen">Ottawa Citizen</a>. 20 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=C%C3%A9ZANNE%3A+%27LOST%27+AND+FOUND&rft.pub=Ottawa+Citizen&rft.date=2013-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressreader.com%2Fcanada%2Fottawa-citizen%2F20130420%2F281857231023732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbroise+Vollard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/guides_bibliographies/provenance/dealer_archives.html">"Selected Dealer Archives & Locations (Getty Research Institute)"</a>. Getty.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Selected+Dealer+Archives+%26+Locations+%28Getty+Research+Institute%29&rft.pub=Getty.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getty.edu%2Fresearch%2Ftools%2Fguides_bibliographies%2Fprovenance%2Fdealer_archives.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbroise+Vollard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rabinow-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rabinow_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rabinow_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRebecca_A._RabinowDouglas_W._DruickMaryline_Assante_di_Panzillo" class="citation book cs1">Rebecca A. Rabinow; Douglas W. Druick; Maryline Assante di Panzillo. <i>Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-garde</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=C%C3%A9zanne+to+Picasso%3A+Ambroise+Vollard%2C+Patron+of+the+Avant-garde&rft.au=Rebecca+A.+Rabinow&rft.au=Douglas+W.+Druick&rft.au=Maryline+Assante+di+Panzillo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbroise+Vollard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-karrels-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-karrels_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarrels2015" class="citation journal cs1">Karrels, Nancy Caron (November 2015). "Reconstructing a Wartime Journey: The Vollard-Fabiani Collection, 1940–1949". <i>International Journal of Cultural Property</i>. <b>22</b> (4): 505–526. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0940739115000296">10.1017/S0940739115000296</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Cultural+Property&rft.atitle=Reconstructing+a+Wartime+Journey%3A+The+Vollard-Fabiani+Collection%2C+1940%E2%80%931949&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=505-526&rft.date=2015-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0940739115000296&rft.aulast=Karrels&rft.aufirst=Nancy+Caron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbroise+Vollard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambroise_Vollard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarreteVega1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carrete, Juan; Vega, Jesusa (1993). <i>Grabado y creación gráfica</i> (in Spanish). Madrid: Historia 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grabado+y+creaci%C3%B3n+gr%C3%A1fica&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Historia+16&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Carrete&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft.au=Vega%2C+Jesusa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbroise+Vollard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassou1976" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cassou, Jean (1976). <i>Picasso</i> (in Spanish). Barcelona: Círculo de Lectores. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-226-0868-5" title="Special:BookSources/84-226-0868-5"><bdi>84-226-0868-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Picasso&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pub=C%C3%ADrculo+de+Lectores&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=84-226-0868-5&rft.aulast=Cassou&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmbroise+Vollard" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambroise_Vollard&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ambroise_Vollard" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ambroise Vollard">Ambroise Vollard</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012050647/http://www.artic.edu/aic/exhibitions/picasso/themes.html">Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant Garde</a> at www.artic.eduChicago Art Institute</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives2.getty.edu:8082/xtf/view?docId=ead/2001.M.24/2001.M.24.xml">Miscellaneous papers regarding Ambroise Vollard, 1890-1939</a>. Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdm16028.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/92353"><i>Pierre Bonnard, the Graphic Art</i></a>, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Vollard (see index)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Impressionism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Impressionism"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Impressionism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism"><span style="color:white;">Impressionism</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Originators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bazille" title="Frédéric Bazille">Frédéric Bazille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Boudin" title="Eugène Boudin">Eugène Boudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Caillebotte" title="Gustave Caillebotte">Gustave Caillebotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Edgar Degas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Guillaumin" title="Armand Guillaumin">Armand Guillaumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Jongkind" title="Johan Jongkind">Johan Jongkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthe_Morisot" title="Berthe Morisot">Berthe Morisot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Alfred Sisley</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Impression,_Sunrise" title="Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant) (1872/1873)"><img alt="Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant) (1872/1873)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg/100px-Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg/150px-Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg/200px-Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5773" data-file-height="4478" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Patrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Caillebotte" title="Gustave Caillebotte">Gustave Caillebotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Chocquet" title="Victor Chocquet">Victor Chocquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Osborne_Havemeyer" title="Henry Osborne Havemeyer">Henry O. Havemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hosched%C3%A9" title="Ernest Hoschedé">Ernest Hoschedé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Dealers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Durand-Ruel" title="Paul Durand-Ruel">Paul Durand-Ruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Petit" title="Georges Petit">Georges Petit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ambroise Vollard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Exhibitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Impressionist_Exhibition" title="First Impressionist Exhibition">First Impressionist Exhibition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_Impressionism" title="American Impressionism"><span style="color:white">American<br />artists</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Merritt_Chase" title="William Merritt Chase">William Merritt Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Carl_Frieseke" title="Frederick Carl Frieseke">Frederick Carl Frieseke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childe_Hassam" title="Childe Hassam">Childe Hassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Maureau" title="Alphonse Maureau">Alphonse Maureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Metcalf" title="Willard Metcalf">Willard Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilla_Cabot_Perry" title="Lilla Cabot Perry">Lilla Cabot Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Robinson" title="Theodore Robinson">Theodore Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Elmer_Schofield" title="Walter Elmer Schofield">Walter Elmer Schofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Twachtman" title="John Henry Twachtman">John Henry Twachtman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Vonnoh" title="Robert Vonnoh">Robert Vonnoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Alden_Weir" title="J. Alden Weir">J. Alden Weir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Impressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Impressionism"><span style="color:white">Australian<br />artists</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Conder" title="Charles Conder">Charles Conder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Phillips_Fox" title="E. Phillips Fox">E. Phillips Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elioth_Gruner" title="Elioth Gruner">Elioth Gruner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_McCubbin" title="Frederick McCubbin">Frederick McCubbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Roberts" title="Tom Roberts">Tom Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell_(Australian_painter)" title="John Russell (Australian painter)">John Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Streeton" title="Arthur Streeton">Arthur Streeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Withers" title="Walter Withers">Walter Withers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Impressionism" title="Canadian Impressionism"><span style="color:white">Canadian<br />artists</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Beau" title="Henri Beau">Henri Beau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blair_Bruce" title="William Blair Bruce">William Blair Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Brymner" title="William Brymner">William Brymner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Aur%C3%A8le_de_Foy_Suzor-Cot%C3%A9" title="Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté">Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Cullen_(artist)" title="Maurice Cullen (artist)">Maurice Cullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_McNicoll" title="Helen McNicoll">Helen Galloway McNicoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_Morrice" title="James Wilson Morrice">James Wilson Morrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Muntz_Lyall" title="Laura Muntz Lyall">Laura Muntz Lyall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pilot" title="Robert Pilot">Robert Wakeham Pilot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Other<br />artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Baudouin" title="Eugène Baudouin">Eugène Baudouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Bozna%C5%84ska" title="Olga Boznańska">Olga Boznańska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Bracquemond" title="Marie Bracquemond">Marie Bracquemond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Ciolina" title="Giovanni Battista Ciolina">Giovanni Battista Ciolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovis_Corinth" title="Lovis Corinth">Lovis Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Gonzal%C3%A8s" title="Eva Gonzalès">Eva Gonzalès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Guillemet" title="Antoine Guillemet">Antoine Guillemet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazmi_Ziya_G%C3%BCran" title="Nazmi Ziya Güran">Nazmi Ziya Güran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Lang" title="Dominique Lang">Dominique Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Liebermann" title="Max Liebermann">Max Liebermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Korovin" title="Konstantin Korovin">Konstantin Korovin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Malharro" title="Martín Malharro">Martín Malharro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Moret" title="Henry Moret">Henry Moret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Oller" title="Francisco Oller">Francisco Oller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nade%C5%BEda_Petrovi%C4%87" title="Nadežda Petrović">Nadežda Petrović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Podkowi%C5%84ski" title="Władysław Podkowiński">Władysław Podkowiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Serov" title="Valentin Serov">Valentin Serov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Slevogt" title="Max Slevogt">Max Slevogt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Sorolla" title="Joaquín Sorolla">Joaquín Sorolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Wilson_Steer" title="Philip Wilson Steer">Philip Wilson Steer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliseu_Visconti" title="Eliseu Visconti">Eliseu Visconti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_in_music" title="Impressionism in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(literature)" title="Impressionism (literature)">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_impressionist_cinema" title="French impressionist cinema">French impressionist cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Impressionism" title="Amsterdam Impressionism">Amsterdam Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_School_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston School (painting)">Boston School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Impressionism" title="California Impressionism">California Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorative_Impressionism" title="Decorative Impressionism">Decorative Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Impressionism" title="Pennsylvania Impressionism">Pennsylvania Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_impressionism" title="Synthetic impressionism">Synthetic impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_American_Painters" title="Ten American Painters">The Ten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_de_Glehn" title="Wilfrid de Glehn">Wilfrid de Glehn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Impressionists_(TV_series)" title="The Impressionists (TV series)"><i>The Impressionists</i> (2006 TV series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Leroy" title="Louis Leroy">Louis Leroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadar" title="Nadar">Nadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_des_Impressionnistes" title="Pays des Impressionnistes">Pays des Impressionnistes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459041#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459041#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q459041#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/29545359">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/44075/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrcgk4PHjkYy9XHhWtkDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118627775">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79117986">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12015538x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12015538x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00459864">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Vollard, Ambroise"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV012099">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35584121">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0008938&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1155923">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/56871">Portugal</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/412621">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072474378">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90213712">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000026068&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000757019&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=247560">Greece</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=131277">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC202094179">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810663780005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/312570">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007297603005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14811827">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01367510?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500327786">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/207752">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1004002">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118627775.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118627775">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028289366">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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