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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Philip Wilson Steer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Philip_Wilson_Steer_photo_by_George_Charles_Beresford_1922_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Philip_Wilson_Steer_photo_by_George_Charles_Beresford_1922_%281%29.jpg/220px-Philip_Wilson_Steer_photo_by_George_Charles_Beresford_1922_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Philip_Wilson_Steer_photo_by_George_Charles_Beresford_1922_%281%29.jpg/330px-Philip_Wilson_Steer_photo_by_George_Charles_Beresford_1922_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Philip_Wilson_Steer_photo_by_George_Charles_Beresford_1922_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Philip Wilson Steer, photograph by <a href="/wiki/George_Charles_Beresford" title="George Charles Beresford">George Charles Beresford</a>, 1922.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1860-12-28</span>)</span>28 December 1860<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">18 March 1942<span style="display:none">(1942-03-18)</span> (aged 81)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Gloucester School of Art,</li><li><a href="/wiki/South_Kensington_School_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="South Kensington School of Art">South Kensington Drawing Schools</a>,</li><li><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Julian" title="Académie Julian">Académie Julian</a>,</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_Beaux-Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts">École des Beaux Arts</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Painting</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Philip Wilson Steer</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">OM</a></span></span> (28 December 1860 – 18 March 1942) was a British painter of landscapes, seascapes plus portraits and figure studies. He was also an influential art teacher. His sea and landscape paintings made him a leading figure in the Impressionist movement in Britain but in time he turned to a more traditional English style, clearly influenced by both <a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">J. M. W. Turner</a>, and spent more time painting in the countryside rather than on the coast. As a painting tutor at the <a href="/wiki/Slade_School_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Slade School of Art">Slade School of Art</a> for many years he influenced generations of young artists.<sup id="cite_ref-Spalding_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spalding-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_work">Life and work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Wilson_Steer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Bridge_Steer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Bridge_Steer.jpg/300px-The_Bridge_Steer.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/The_Bridge_Steer.jpg/450px-The_Bridge_Steer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/The_Bridge_Steer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption><i>The Bridge</i> (1887) (Tate)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GirlsRunning_Steer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/GirlsRunning_Steer.jpg/300px-GirlsRunning_Steer.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/GirlsRunning_Steer.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption><i>Girls Running: Walberswick Pier</i> (Tate)</figcaption></figure> <p>Steer was born in <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a>, the son of a portrait painter and art teacher, Philip Steer (1810–1871) and his wife, Emma Harrison (1816–1898).<sup id="cite_ref-ODNBpws_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNBpws-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Steer was three years old the family moved to Whitchurch near <a href="/wiki/Monmouth" title="Monmouth">Monmouth</a> from where, after a period of home schooling, he attended the <a href="/wiki/Hereford_Cathedral_School" title="Hereford Cathedral School">Hereford Cathedral School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PWSteerWorks_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PWSteerWorks-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After finding the examinations of the <a href="/wiki/British_Civil_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="British Civil Service">British Civil Service</a> too demanding, he became an artist in 1878. He studied at the <a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a> School of Art and then from 1880 to 1881 at the <a href="/wiki/South_Kensington_School_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="South Kensington School of Art">South Kensington Drawing Schools</a>. He was rejected by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy of Art">Royal Academy of Art</a>, and so studied in Paris between 1882 and 1884, firstly at the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_Julian" title="Académie Julian">Académie Julian</a>, and then in the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_Beaux-Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts">École des Beaux Arts</a> under <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Cabanel" title="Alexandre Cabanel">Alexandre Cabanel</a>, where he became a follower of the <a href="/wiki/Impressionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Impressionist">Impressionist</a> school.<sup id="cite_ref-Spalding_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spalding-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Paris he was greatly influenced by seeing works by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_McNeill_Whistler" title="James McNeill Whistler">James McNeill Whistler</a> and the French <a href="/wiki/Impressionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Impressionist">impressionists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Must_See_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Must_See-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When he returned to England, Steer established a studio in London and began to develop an impressionist style in which he depicted beach scenes and seascapes in a silvery translucent light.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNBpws_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNBpws-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His painting of <i>Poole Harbour</i>, completed in 1890, is an example of the outstanding atmospheric effects he was able to capture.<sup id="cite_ref-Must_See_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Must_See-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steer often stayed at the <a href="/wiki/Suffolk" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a> coastal town of <a href="/wiki/Walberswick" title="Walberswick">Walberswick</a> and the works he painted there are remarkable for their freshness and depiction of light and shade.<sup id="cite_ref-ODArt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODArt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Works such as <i>The Bridge</i>, <i>The Beach at Walberswick</i> (1890) and <i>Girls Running: Walberswick Pier</i> (1894) show Steer at the peak of his abilities.<sup id="cite_ref-Bridge_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bridge-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PWSgirls_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PWSgirls-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His misty Impressionist style is striking in such paintings as <i>The Beach</i> and <i>Fisher Children</i>. Steer also painted scenes at nearby <a href="/wiki/Southwold" title="Southwold">Southwold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PWSswold_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PWSswold-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ABDAG003034_-_Philip_Wilson_Steer_-_The_Horseshoe_Bend_of_The_Severn.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ABDAG003034_-_Philip_Wilson_Steer_-_The_Horseshoe_Bend_of_The_Severn.jpeg/220px-ABDAG003034_-_Philip_Wilson_Steer_-_The_Horseshoe_Bend_of_The_Severn.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ABDAG003034_-_Philip_Wilson_Steer_-_The_Horseshoe_Bend_of_The_Severn.jpeg/330px-ABDAG003034_-_Philip_Wilson_Steer_-_The_Horseshoe_Bend_of_The_Severn.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ABDAG003034_-_Philip_Wilson_Steer_-_The_Horseshoe_Bend_of_The_Severn.jpeg/440px-ABDAG003034_-_Philip_Wilson_Steer_-_The_Horseshoe_Bend_of_The_Severn.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ABDAG003034_-_Philip_Wilson_Steer_-_The_Horseshoe_Bend_of_The_Severn.jpeg" class="extiw" title="c:File:ABDAG003034 - Philip Wilson Steer - The Horseshoe Bend of The Severn.jpeg"><i>The Horseshoe Bend of The Severn</i> - ABDAG003034</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1883 and 1885 Steer exhibited at the Royal Academy and in 1886 he became a founder of the <a href="/wiki/New_English_Art_Club" title="New English Art Club">New English Art Club</a>, with whom he continued to exhibit regularly. With <a href="/wiki/Walter_Sickert" title="Walter Sickert">Walter Sickert</a> he became a leading British Impressionist, showing works at the London Impressionist exhibition held at the Goupil Gallery in 1889.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNBpws_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNBpws-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides the French Impressionists he was influenced by <a href="/wiki/James_Abbott_McNeill_Whistler" class="mw-redirect" title="James Abbott McNeill Whistler">Whistler</a> and, later, such old masters as <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher" title="François Boucher">François Boucher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gainsborough" title="Thomas Gainsborough">Thomas Gainsborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">J. M. W. Turner</a>. Steer was frequently criticised by conservative British critics for his impressionist works such as <i>Boulogne Sands</i>, so much so that for a period he stopped showing his more adventurous works. In the 1890s as he moved away from French Impressionism, Steer's work received greater appreciation. Portraits, such as <i>Girl Reading A Book</i> from 1895, a portrait of Rose Pettigrew, his model and girlfriend, and <i>Portrait of Mrs Raynes</i> (1922) were well received.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNBpws_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNBpws-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1887 Steer spent some time at the <a href="/wiki/Etaples_art_colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Etaples art colony">Etaples art colony</a>. In the early 1890s he began to paint more in watercolours than he had previously. Between 1893 and 1911 he visited several sites associated with the 18th century picturesque tour.<sup id="cite_ref-PWSteerbio_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PWSteerbio-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1893 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Brown_(artist)" title="Frederick Brown (artist)">Frederick Brown</a>, the newly appointed Slade Professor of Art, appointed Steer as Professor of Painting at the <a href="/wiki/Slade_School_of_Fine_Art" title="Slade School of Fine Art">Slade School of Fine Art</a> in London. Steer would teach there, alongside Brown, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Tonks" title="Henry Tonks">Henry Tonks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Westley_Russell" title="Walter Westley Russell">Walter Russell</a> until 1930. This group would continue the Slade tradition of realism in painting and drawing and would influence generations of young artists including <a href="/wiki/Augustus_John" title="Augustus John">Augustus John</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Orpen" title="William Orpen">William Orpen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Spencer" title="Stanley Spencer">Stanley Spencer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nash_(artist)" title="Paul Nash (artist)">Paul Nash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Airy" title="Anna Airy">Anna Airy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DBHcrisis_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBHcrisis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based in <a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_London" title="Chelsea, London">Chelsea</a>, in the summers he painted in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cotswolds" title="Cotswolds">Cotswolds</a> and the West Country and on the south and east coasts of Britain. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> Steer was recruited by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Beaverbrook" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Beaverbrook">Lord Beaverbrook</a>, the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/British_War_Memorials_Committee" title="British War Memorials Committee">British War Memorials Committee</a>, to paint pictures of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and he spent some time painting naval formations at Dover.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferguson_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferguson-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IWMpws_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IWMpws-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1927 Steer began to lose the sight in one eye but he continued to paint, although mostly in watercolours rather than in oils, and his compositions became much looser, at times almost abstract but by 1940 he had stopped painting.<sup id="cite_ref-PWSteerbio_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PWSteerbio-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1931 he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit" title="Order of Merit">Order of Merit</a> and died in London, 18 March 1942. His self-portrait is in the collection in the <a href="/wiki/Uffizi_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Uffizi Gallery">Uffizi Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>. Steer never married and throughout his life was a hypochondriac but was also benign, modest, amusing and held in great regard by those who knew him.<sup id="cite_ref-ODArt_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODArt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Wilson_Steer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Spalding-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spalding_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spalding_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrances_Spalding1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frances_Spalding" title="Frances Spalding">Frances Spalding</a> (1990). <i>20th Century Painters and Sculptors</i>. Antique Collectors' Club. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85149-106-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85149-106-6"><bdi>1-85149-106-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=20th+Century+Painters+and+Sculptors&rft.pub=Antique+Collectors%27+Club&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=1-85149-106-6&rft.au=Frances+Spalding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Wilson+Steer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODNBpws-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNBpws_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNBpws_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNBpws_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNBpws_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH._C._G._Matthew_&_Brian_Harrison2004" class="citation book cs1">H. C. G. Matthew & Brian Harrison, ed. (2004). <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Vol 52 (Spruce-Starakosch)</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-861402-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-861402-0"><bdi>0-19-861402-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography+Vol+52+%28Spruce-Starakosch%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-19-861402-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Wilson+Steer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PWSteerWorks-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PWSteerWorks_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/node/237221/default.shtm">"Works by Philip Wilson Steer (1929)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tate" title="Tate">Tate</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tate&rft.atitle=Works+by+Philip+Wilson+Steer+%281929%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fnode%2F237221%2Fdefault.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Wilson+Steer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Must_See-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Must_See_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Must_See_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Farthing2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Farthing" title="Stephen Farthing">Stephen Farthing</a>, ed. (2006). <i>1001 Paintings You Must See Before You Die</i>. Cassell Illustrated/Quintessence. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84403-563-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84403-563-2"><bdi>978-1-84403-563-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1001+Paintings+You+Must+See+Before+You+Die&rft.pub=Cassell+Illustrated%2FQuintessence&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84403-563-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Wilson+Steer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ODArt-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODArt_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODArt_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Chilvers2004" class="citation book cs1">Ian Chilvers (2004). <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Art</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-860476-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-860476-9"><bdi>0-19-860476-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Art&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-19-860476-9&rft.au=Ian+Chilvers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Wilson+Steer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bridge-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bridge_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/steer-the-bridge-n05256">"Display caption, <i>The Bridge</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tate" title="Tate">Tate</a></i>. September 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tate&rft.atitle=Display+caption%2C+The+Bridge&rft.date=2004-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fart%2Fartworks%2Fsteer-the-bridge-n05256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Wilson+Steer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PWSgirls-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PWSgirls_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/steer-girls-running-walberswick-pier-n06008">"Display caption, <i>Girls Running, Walberswick Pier</i> (1888-94)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tate" title="Tate">Tate</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tate&rft.atitle=Display+caption%2C+Girls+Running%2C+Walberswick+Pier+%281888-94%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fart%2Fartworks%2Fsteer-girls-running-walberswick-pier-n06008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Wilson+Steer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PWSswold-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PWSswold_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/steer-southwold-n05374">"Display caption, <i>Southwold</i> (c.1889)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tate" title="Tate">Tate</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tate&rft.atitle=Display+caption%2C+Southwold+%28c.1889%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fart%2Fartworks%2Fsteer-southwold-n05374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Wilson+Steer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PWSteerbio-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PWSteerbio_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PWSteerbio_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJane_Munro" class="citation web cs1">Jane Munro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artists/philip-wilson-steer-1990">"Artist biography:Philip Wilson Steer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tate" title="Tate">Tate</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tate&rft.atitle=Artist+biography%3APhilip+Wilson+Steer&rft.au=Jane+Munro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tate.org.uk%2Fart%2Fartists%2Fphilip-wilson-steer-1990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Wilson+Steer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DBHcrisis-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DBHcrisis_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Boyd_Haycock2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Boyd_Haycock" title="David Boyd Haycock">David Boyd Haycock</a> (2009). <i>A Crisis of Brilliance: Five Young British Artists and the Great War</i>. Old Street Publishing (London). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905847-84-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905847-84-6"><bdi>978-1-905847-84-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Crisis+of+Brilliance%3A+Five+Young+British+Artists+and+the+Great+War&rft.pub=Old+Street+Publishing+%28London%29&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-905847-84-6&rft.au=David+Boyd+Haycock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Wilson+Steer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferguson-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ferguson_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Ferguson1980" class="citation book cs1">John Ferguson (1980). <i>The Arts in Britain in World War 1</i>. Stainer & Bell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85249-548-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-85249-548-X"><bdi>0-85249-548-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arts+in+Britain+in+World+War+1&rft.pub=Stainer+%26+Bell&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-85249-548-X&rft.au=John+Ferguson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Wilson+Steer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IWMpws-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IWMpws_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImperial_War_Museum" class="citation web cs1">Imperial War Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1050000377">"First World War Art archive, Steer, P Wilson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+War+Museum&rft.atitle=First+World+War+Art+archive%2C+Steer%2C+P+Wilson&rft.au=Imperial+War+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwm.org.uk%2Fcollections%2Fitem%2Fobject%2F1050000377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilip+Wilson+Steer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Wilson_Steer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Note: <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition</a> of 1911 incorrectly refers to Philip Wilson Steer as Paul Wilson Steer.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Wilson_Steer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>J. Rothenstein, 'Philip Wilson Steer 1860-1942', in J. Rothenstein, <i>Modern English Painters Sickert To Smith</i> (1952), pp. 59–74.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Wilson_Steer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Steer%2C%20Philip%20Wilson%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Steer%2C%20Philip%20W%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Steer%2C%20P%2E%20W%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Philip%20Wilson%20Steer%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Philip%20W%2E%20Steer%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22P%2E%20W%2E%20Steer%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Steer%2C%20Philip%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Philip%20Steer%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Philip%20Wilson%20Steer%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Philip%20W%2E%20Steer%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22P%2E%20W%2E%20Steer%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22P%2E%20Wilson%20Steer%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Steer%2C%20Philip%20Wilson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Steer%2C%20Philip%20W%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Steer%2C%20P%2E%20W%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Steer%2C%20P%2E%20Wilson%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Philip%20Steer%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Steer%2C%20Philip%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Philip%20Wilson%20Steer%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Philip%20W%2E%20Steer%22%20OR%20title%3A%22P%2E%20W%2E%20Steer%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Philip%20Steer%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Philip%20Wilson%20Steer%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Philip%20W%2E%20Steer%22%20OR%20description%3A%22P%2E%20W%2E%20Steer%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Steer%2C%20Philip%20Wilson%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Steer%2C%20Philip%20W%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Philip%20Steer%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Steer%2C%20Philip%22%29%20OR%20%28%221860-1942%22%20AND%20Steer%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Philip Wilson Steer</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/search/actor:steer-philip-wilson-18601942">171 artworks by or after Philip Wilson Steer</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Art_UK" title="Art UK">Art UK</a> site</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allartclassic.com/pictures_zoom.php?p_number=709&p=&number=STW101">In focus The Black Hat, 1900 (Artwork analysis)</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Philip Wilson Steer</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Philip_Wilson_Steer" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Philip Wilson Steer">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Philip_Wilson_Steer" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Philip Wilson Steer">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2076179" class="extiw" title="d:Q2076179">Data</a></b> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Impressionism" title="Template:Impressionism"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Impressionism" title="Template talk:Impressionism"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Impressionism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Impressionism"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Impressionism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism"><span style="color:white;">Impressionism</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Originators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bazille" title="Frédéric Bazille">Frédéric Bazille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Boudin" title="Eugène Boudin">Eugène Boudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Caillebotte" title="Gustave Caillebotte">Gustave Caillebotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Edgar Degas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Guillaumin" title="Armand Guillaumin">Armand Guillaumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Jongkind" title="Johan Jongkind">Johan Jongkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet" title="Édouard Manet">Édouard Manet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthe_Morisot" title="Berthe Morisot">Berthe Morisot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Auguste_Renoir" title="Pierre-Auguste Renoir">Pierre-Auguste Renoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sisley" title="Alfred Sisley">Alfred Sisley</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Impression,_Sunrise" title="Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant) (1872/1873)"><img alt="Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant) (1872/1873)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg/100px-Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg/150px-Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg/200px-Monet_-_Impression%2C_Sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5773" data-file-height="4478" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Patrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Caillebotte" title="Gustave Caillebotte">Gustave Caillebotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Chocquet" title="Victor Chocquet">Victor Chocquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Osborne_Havemeyer" title="Henry Osborne Havemeyer">Henry O. Havemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hosched%C3%A9" title="Ernest Hoschedé">Ernest Hoschedé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Dealers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Durand-Ruel" title="Paul Durand-Ruel">Paul Durand-Ruel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Petit" title="Georges Petit">Georges Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambroise_Vollard" title="Ambroise Vollard">Ambroise Vollard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Exhibitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Impressionist_Exhibition" title="First Impressionist Exhibition">First Impressionist Exhibition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_Impressionism" title="American Impressionism"><span style="color:white">American<br />artists</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Merritt_Chase" title="William Merritt Chase">William Merritt Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Carl_Frieseke" title="Frederick Carl Frieseke">Frederick Carl Frieseke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childe_Hassam" title="Childe Hassam">Childe Hassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Maureau" title="Alphonse Maureau">Alphonse Maureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Metcalf" title="Willard Metcalf">Willard Metcalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilla_Cabot_Perry" title="Lilla Cabot Perry">Lilla Cabot Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Robinson" title="Theodore Robinson">Theodore Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Elmer_Schofield" title="Walter Elmer Schofield">Walter Elmer Schofield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Twachtman" title="John Henry Twachtman">John Henry Twachtman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Vonnoh" title="Robert Vonnoh">Robert Vonnoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Alden_Weir" title="J. Alden Weir">J. Alden Weir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Impressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Impressionism"><span style="color:white">Australian<br />artists</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Conder" title="Charles Conder">Charles Conder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Phillips_Fox" title="E. Phillips Fox">E. Phillips Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elioth_Gruner" title="Elioth Gruner">Elioth Gruner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_McCubbin" title="Frederick McCubbin">Frederick McCubbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Roberts" title="Tom Roberts">Tom Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell_(Australian_painter)" title="John Russell (Australian painter)">John Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Streeton" title="Arthur Streeton">Arthur Streeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Withers" title="Walter Withers">Walter Withers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Impressionism" title="Canadian Impressionism"><span style="color:white">Canadian<br />artists</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Beau" title="Henri Beau">Henri Beau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blair_Bruce" title="William Blair Bruce">William Blair Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Brymner" title="William Brymner">William Brymner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Aur%C3%A8le_de_Foy_Suzor-Cot%C3%A9" title="Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté">Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Cullen_(artist)" title="Maurice Cullen (artist)">Maurice Cullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_McNicoll" title="Helen McNicoll">Helen Galloway McNicoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_Morrice" title="James Wilson Morrice">James Wilson Morrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Muntz_Lyall" title="Laura Muntz Lyall">Laura Muntz Lyall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pilot" title="Robert Pilot">Robert Wakeham Pilot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Other<br />artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Baudouin" title="Eugène Baudouin">Eugène Baudouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Bozna%C5%84ska" title="Olga Boznańska">Olga Boznańska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Bracquemond" title="Marie Bracquemond">Marie Bracquemond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Ciolina" title="Giovanni Battista Ciolina">Giovanni Battista Ciolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovis_Corinth" title="Lovis Corinth">Lovis Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Gonzal%C3%A8s" title="Eva Gonzalès">Eva Gonzalès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Guillemet" title="Antoine Guillemet">Antoine Guillemet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazmi_Ziya_G%C3%BCran" title="Nazmi Ziya Güran">Nazmi Ziya Güran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Lang" title="Dominique Lang">Dominique Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Liebermann" title="Max Liebermann">Max Liebermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Korovin" title="Konstantin Korovin">Konstantin Korovin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Malharro" title="Martín Malharro">Martín Malharro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Moret" title="Henry Moret">Henry Moret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Oller" title="Francisco Oller">Francisco Oller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nade%C5%BEda_Petrovi%C4%87" title="Nadežda Petrović">Nadežda Petrović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Podkowi%C5%84ski" title="Władysław Podkowiński">Władysław Podkowiński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Serov" title="Valentin Serov">Valentin Serov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Slevogt" title="Max Slevogt">Max Slevogt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Sorolla" title="Joaquín Sorolla">Joaquín Sorolla</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Philip Wilson Steer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliseu_Visconti" title="Eliseu Visconti">Eliseu Visconti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_in_music" title="Impressionism in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism_(literature)" title="Impressionism (literature)">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_impressionist_cinema" title="French impressionist cinema">French impressionist cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Impressionism" title="Amsterdam Impressionism">Amsterdam Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_School_(painting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston School (painting)">Boston School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Impressionism" title="California Impressionism">California Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decorative_Impressionism" title="Decorative Impressionism">Decorative Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Impressionism" title="Pennsylvania Impressionism">Pennsylvania Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_impressionism" title="Synthetic impressionism">Synthetic impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_American_Painters" title="Ten American Painters">The Ten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:purple; color:white;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_de_Glehn" title="Wilfrid de Glehn">Wilfrid de Glehn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Impressionists_(TV_series)" title="The Impressionists (TV series)"><i>The Impressionists</i> (2006 TV series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Leroy" title="Louis Leroy">Louis Leroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadar" title="Nadar">Nadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_des_Impressionnistes" title="Pays des Impressionnistes">Pays des Impressionnistes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2076179#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2076179#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2076179#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000006676803X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/40174630">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/181716/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwMxCpg7M8khWtRCYvJXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118798553">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86068502">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11962716w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11962716w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35937769">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2003192348&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5577819">Spain</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5326461">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p168454130">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810546973605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007280985805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500019703">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/74876">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/explore/collection/artist/1253/">Victoria</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/ressources/repertoire-artistes-personnalites/36304">Musée d'Orsay</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artist/philip-wilson-steer">National Gallery of Canada</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agsa.sa.gov.au/collection-publications/collection/creators/_/3605/">South Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1154497">Trove</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027626962">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w61j9nj3">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/2154">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_Wilson_Steer&oldid=1200443011">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_Wilson_Steer&oldid=1200443011</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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