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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Problematiek_van_de_periodisering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problematiek_van_de_periodisering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Problematiek van de periodisering</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Problematiek_van_de_periodisering-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Problematiek van de periodisering-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Problematiek_van_de_periodisering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Periodes_van_de_Griekse_en_Romeinse_oudheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodes_van_de_Griekse_en_Romeinse_oudheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Periodes van de Griekse en Romeinse oudheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodes_van_de_Griekse_en_Romeinse_oudheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Receptie_van_de_klassieke_geschriften_door_christendom_en_islam_in_de_middeleeuwen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Receptie_van_de_klassieke_geschriften_door_christendom_en_islam_in_de_middeleeuwen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Receptie van de klassieke geschriften door christendom en islam in de middeleeuwen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Receptie_van_de_klassieke_geschriften_door_christendom_en_islam_in_de_middeleeuwen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tijdlijn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tijdlijn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tijdlijn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tijdlijn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Klassieke oudheid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 81 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassieke_Oudheid" title="Klassieke Oudheid – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klassieke Oudheid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antike" title="Antike – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Antike" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9" title="كلاسيكية قديمة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلاسيكية قديمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antig%C3%BCed%C3%A1_cl%C3%A1sica" title="Antigüedá clásica – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Antigüedá clásica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antik" title="Antik – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Antik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Антиклыҡ – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Антиклыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antike" title="Antike – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Antike" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Антычнасць – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Антычнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Антычнасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Антычнасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Античност – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Античност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="क्लासिकल एंटिक्विटी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्लासिकल एंटिक्विटी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="ধ্রুপদী সভ্যতা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ধ্রুপদী সভ্যতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antika" title="Antika – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Antika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiguitat_cl%C3%A0ssica" title="Antiguitat clàssica – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Antiguitat clàssica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سەردەمی دێرین – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەردەمی دێرین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antika" title="Antika – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Antika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Антика – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Антика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Antikken" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antike" title="Antike – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antike" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Κλασική αρχαιότητα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κλασική αρχαιότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Classical antiquity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grek-romia_antikvo" title="Grek-romia antikvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grek-romia antikvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antig%C3%BCedad_cl%C3%A1sica" title="Antigüedad clásica – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Antigüedad clásica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiikaeg" title="Antiikaeg – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Antiikaeg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antzinate_klasikoa" title="Antzinate klasikoa – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antzinate klasikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اروپای دوران باستان – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اروپای دوران باستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiikki" title="Antiikki – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antiikki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A9_classique" title="Antiquité classique – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Antiquité classique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassike_Aldheid" title="Klassike Aldheid – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Klassike Aldheid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antig%C3%BCidade_cl%C3%A1sica" title="Antigüidade clásica – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Antigüidade clásica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA_(%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90)" title="התקופה הקלאסית (יוון ורומא) – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התקופה הקלאסית (יוון ורומא)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="शास्त्रीय प्राचीनकाल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शास्त्रीय प्राचीनकाल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antika" title="Antika – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Antika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikvit%C3%A1s" title="Antikvitás – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Antikvitás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF_%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Անտիկ շրջան – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անտիկ շրջան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_Klasik" title="Zaman Klasik – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zaman Klasik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquit%C3%A1_classic" title="Antiquitá classic – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Antiquitá classic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasik_antiqueso" title="Klasik antiqueso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Klasik antiqueso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klass%C3%ADsk_forn%C3%B6ld" title="Klassísk fornöld – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Klassísk fornöld" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antichit%C3%A0_classica" title="Antichità classica – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Antichità classica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="古典古代 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="古典古代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ანტიკური ხანა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანტიკური ხანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%83%D1%96%D1%80" title="Антикалық дәуір – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Антикалық дәуір" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%84_%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80" title="고전 고대 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고전 고대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BD%D3%A9" title="Антикалык дүйнө – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Антикалык дүйнө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquitas_classica" title="Antiquitas classica – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Antiquitas classica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticia_clasica" title="Anticia clasica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Anticia clasica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A6_Classica" title="Etæ Classica – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Etæ Classica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antichit%C3%A9_classica" title="Antichité classica – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Antichité classica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antika" title="Antika – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasiskie_senie_laiki" title="Klasiskie senie laiki – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klasiskie senie laiki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andro_Taloha_Klasika" title="Andro Taloha Klasika – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Andro Taloha Klasika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Антика – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Антика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baharian_klasik" title="Baharian klasik – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Baharian klasik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antike" title="Antike – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Antike" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Antikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Antikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiquitat_classica" title="Antiquitat classica – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Antiquitat classica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%81%D8%AF" title="کلاسیکی عہد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کلاسیکی عہد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7" title="لرغونې اروپا – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لرغونې اروپا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiguidade_Cl%C3%A1ssica" title="Antiguidade Clássica – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Antiguidade Clássica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoca_Clasic%C4%83" title="Epoca Clasică – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Epoca Clasică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Античность – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Античность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antighidade_cl%C3%A0ssica" title="Antighidade clàssica – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Antighidade clàssica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antika" title="Antika – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Classical antiquity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antika" title="Antika – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasht%C3%ABsia_klasike" title="Lashtësia klasike – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lashtësia klasike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Антика – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Антика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiken" title="Antiken – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Antiken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பாரம்பரியக் காலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாரம்பரியக் காலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="สมัยคลาสสิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมัยคลาสสิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasik_Antik_%C3%87a%C4%9F" title="Klasik Antik Çağ – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Klasik Antik Çağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Античність – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Античність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%81%D8%AF" title="کلاسیکی عہد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کلاسیکی عہد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antik_davr" title="Antik davr – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Antik davr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%95_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_Hy-La" title="Cổ đại Hy-La – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cổ đại Hy-La" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古典时代 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="古典时代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="古典时代 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古典时代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3%CD%98-ti%C3%A1n_k%C3%B3%CD%98-t%C4%81i" title="Kó͘-tián kó͘-tāi – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kó͘-tián kó͘-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" 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.kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst figure{break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{clear:both}}</style><div class="kolommen-lijst" style="column-width:13em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistorie" title="Prehistorie">Prehistorie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oudheid_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oudheid (hoofdbetekenis)">Oudheid</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Klassieke oudheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_oudheid" title="Late oudheid">Late oudheid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">Middeleeuwen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vroege_middeleeuwen" title="Vroege middeleeuwen">Vroege middeleeuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoge_middeleeuwen" title="Hoge middeleeuwen">Hoge middeleeuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_middeleeuwen" title="Late middeleeuwen">Late middeleeuwen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance (hoofdbetekenis)">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuwe_tijd" title="Nieuwe tijd">Nieuwe tijd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vroegmoderne_tijd" title="Vroegmoderne tijd">Vroegmoderne tijd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderne_tijd" title="Moderne tijd">Moderne tijd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedendaagse_geschiedenis" title="Hedendaagse geschiedenis">Eigentijdse geschiedenis</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop center notheme" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geschiedenis" title="Portaal:Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Oudheid" title="Portaal:Oudheid">Oudheid</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Socrates_Louvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Socrates_Louvre.jpg/90px-Socrates_Louvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Socrates_Louvre.jpg/135px-Socrates_Louvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Socrates_Louvre.jpg/180px-Socrates_Louvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Socrates</figcaption></figure> <p>De <b>klassieke oudheid</b> of <b>Grieks-Romeinse oudheid</b> is een periode, die in het algemeen wordt aangehouden in de <a href="/wiki/Geschiedschrijving" title="Geschiedschrijving">geschiedschrijving</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Westerse_wereld" title="Westerse wereld">westerse wereld</a>. Het is de periode in de <a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_de_westerse_beschaving" title="Geschiedenis van de westerse beschaving">geschiedenis van de westerse beschaving</a> van de bloeiperiode van de Griekse en de Romeinse beschaving en wordt vaak beschouwd als het beginpunt van die geschiedenis. De klassieke oudheid begint gewoonlijk met de <a href="/wiki/Archa%C3%AFsche_periode" title="Archaïsche periode">archaïsche periode</a> van het <a href="/wiki/Oude_Griekenland" title="Oude Griekenland">oude Griekenland</a>, Oudgrieks: Ἑλλάς, in de 8e eeuw v.Chr. en eindigt met de <a href="/wiki/Val_van_het_West-Romeinse_Rijk" title="Val van het West-Romeinse Rijk">val van het West-Romeinse Rijk</a> in 476 na Chr. Centraal staat daarbij de geschiedenis van het oude Griekenland en het <a href="/wiki/Oude_Rome" title="Oude Rome">oude Rome</a>. De klassieke oudheid wordt gevolgd door de <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuwen</a>. Sommige historici noemen de overgangstijd tussen oudheid en middeleeuwen de <a href="/wiki/Late_oudheid" title="Late oudheid">late oudheid</a>, die dan tot ongeveer 600 duurt. De studie van de klassieke oudheid is een belangrijk onderdeel van de <a href="/wiki/Filologie" title="Filologie">filologie</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Problematiek_van_de_periodisering">Problematiek van de periodisering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassieke_oudheid&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Problematiek van de periodisering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassieke_oudheid&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Problematiek van de periodisering"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de negentiende en twintigste eeuw zijn er uitvoerige en veelal vruchteloze discussies geweest over de beste manier om de geschiedenis te <a href="/wiki/Periodisering" title="Periodisering">periodiseren</a>, maar dit heeft niet tot consensus geleid. Periodisering wordt voor een groot deel bepaald door <a href="/wiki/Traditie" title="Traditie">traditie</a>. </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Klassieke_periode_(geschiedenis)" title="Klassieke periode (geschiedenis)">klassieke tijd</a> begint rond 500 v.Chr. in de Griekse geschiedenis, een periode van grote culturele bloei. De <a href="/wiki/Stadstaat" title="Stadstaat">stadstaat</a> Rome werd ongeveer gelijktijdig een <a href="/wiki/Republiek" title="Republiek">republiek</a>. Als einde van de klassieke oudheid gold lange tijd 476. In dat jaar zette <a href="/wiki/Odoaker" title="Odoaker">Odoaker</a>, een <a href="/wiki/Germanen" title="Germanen">Germaanse</a> legeraanvoerder, de laatste Romeinse <a href="/wiki/Keizer#Romeinse_keizers" title="Keizer">keizer</a> van de westelijke rijkshelft af. Daarmee kwam definitief een einde aan het <a href="/wiki/West-Romeinse_Rijk" title="West-Romeinse Rijk">West-Romeinse Rijk</a>. </p><p>De periode tussen 476 en 1453 wordt in het onderwijs, in navolging van de <a href="/wiki/Renaissancehumanisme" title="Renaissancehumanisme">humanisten</a>, het tijdvak van de <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">middeleeuwen</a> genoemd. Uitgaande van het West-Romeinse Rijk, eindigde de oudheid in 476. In het oosten bleef het <a href="/wiki/Byzantijnse_Rijk" title="Byzantijnse Rijk">Byzantijnse of Oost-Romeinse Rijk</a> nog tot 1453 bestaan. Als dit als criterium wordt gebruikt, eindigt de oudheid in 1453. Een enkele historicus heeft weleens beweerd dat de oudheid pas werkelijk eindigde in 1806, in dit jaar hield namelijk het <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Roomse_Rijk" title="Heilige Roomse Rijk">Heilige Roomse Rijk</a> op te bestaan. Het Heilige Roomse Rijk had ook nog een <a href="/wiki/Keizer" title="Keizer">keizer</a>, net zoals de Romeinen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Periodes_van_de_Griekse_en_Romeinse_oudheid">Periodes van de Griekse en Romeinse oudheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassieke_oudheid&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Periodes van de Griekse en Romeinse oudheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassieke_oudheid&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Periodes van de Griekse en Romeinse oudheid"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De klassieke oudheid wordt onderverdeeld in een <a href="/wiki/Oude_Griekenland" title="Oude Griekenland">Oud Griekse</a> en een <a href="/wiki/Oude_Rome" title="Oude Rome">Romeinse</a> geschiedenis. </p><p>De Griekse geschiedenis wordt verder onderverdeeld in achtereenvolgens de: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archa%C3%AFsche_periode" title="Archaïsche periode">Archaïsche periode</a> 776–500 v.Chr.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klassieke_periode_(geschiedenis)" title="Klassieke periode (geschiedenis)">Klassieke periode</a> omstreeks 500–323 v.Chr.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenisme" title="Hellenisme">hellenisme</a> 323–146 v.Chr.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeins_Griekenland" title="Romeins Griekenland">Romeins Griekenland</a> 146 v.Chr.–395</li></ul> <p>De Romeinse geschiedenis wordt onderverdeeld naar de opeenvolgende regeringsvormen van het <a href="/wiki/Oude_Rome" title="Oude Rome">oude Rome</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romeins_koninkrijk" title="Romeins koninkrijk">Romeins koninkrijk</a> 753–509 v.Chr.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Republiek" title="Romeinse Republiek">Romeinse Republiek</a> 509–27 v.Chr.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Keizerrijk" title="Romeinse Keizerrijk">Romeinse Keizerrijk</a> 27 v.Chr.–476</li></ul> <p>Na de Romeinse verovering van de Griekse wereld bleven de Griekse taal en cultuur grotendeels bestaan, terwijl andere veroverde gebieden een verregaande <a href="/wiki/Romanisering" title="Romanisering">romanisering</a> ondergingen. Er vond een grootschalige culturele uitwisseling plaats tussen Grieken en Romeinen, onder meer in de <a href="/wiki/Wetenschap_in_de_Klassieke_oudheid" title="Wetenschap in de Klassieke oudheid">wetenschap</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Antieke_filosofie" title="Antieke filosofie">wijsbegeerte</a> en in de literatuur. Er was daarentegen een groot verschil tussen de <a href="/wiki/Oud-Griekse_godsdienst" title="Oud-Griekse godsdienst">oud-Griekse</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_religie" title="Romeinse religie">Romeinse religie</a>. De taal van bestuur en het recht werd het <a href="/wiki/Latijn" title="Latijn">Latijn</a>, maar de voertaal bleef overwegend Grieks. De macht van het Romeinse rijk verschoof in de <a href="/wiki/Late_oudheid" title="Late oudheid">late oudheid</a> steeds meer naar het oosten, waar <a href="/wiki/Koin%C3%A8" title="Koinè">Koinè</a>, het Grieks zelfs weer de officiële taal werd. Het <a href="/wiki/Byzantijnse_Rijk" title="Byzantijnse Rijk">Byzantijnse Rijk</a> wordt dan ook doorgaans als Grieks omschreven, terwijl het zichzelf 'het Romeinse rijk' bleef noemen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Receptie_van_de_klassieke_geschriften_door_christendom_en_islam_in_de_middeleeuwen">Receptie van de klassieke geschriften door christendom en islam in de middeleeuwen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassieke_oudheid&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Receptie van de klassieke geschriften door christendom en islam in de middeleeuwen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassieke_oudheid&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Receptie van de klassieke geschriften door christendom en islam in de middeleeuwen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het <a href="/wiki/Vroege_christendom" title="Vroege christendom">vroege christendom</a> viel in de klassieke oudheid en het <a href="/wiki/Latijns_schrift" title="Latijns schrift">Latijnse schrift</a> werd verder ontwikkeld. Het <a href="/wiki/Receptie-esthetiek" title="Receptie-esthetiek">doorgeven van de literatuur</a> uit de klassieke oudheid gebeurde door christelijke en islamitische <a href="/wiki/Kopiist" title="Kopiist">kopiisten</a>, die, ondanks hun reserves bij de <a href="/wiki/Heidendom" title="Heidendom">heidense</a> geschriften, voldoende het belang ervan onderkenden om er veel van hun tijd in te investeren. De <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">filosofie</a> gold als dienstmaagd van de <a href="/wiki/Theologie" title="Theologie">theologie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er waren weliswaar tegenstanders: <a href="/wiki/Tertullianus" title="Tertullianus">Tertullianus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tatianus" title="Tatianus">Tatianus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Chrysostomus" title="Johannes Chrysostomus">Johannes Chrysostomus</a>, maar de meer openen van geest wonnen het pleit: <a href="/wiki/Justinus_de_Martelaar" title="Justinus de Martelaar">Justinus de Martelaar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Origenes" title="Origenes">Origenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clemens_van_Alexandri%C3%AB" title="Clemens van Alexandrië">Clemens van Alexandrië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basilius_van_Caesarea" title="Basilius van Caesarea">Basilius van Caesarea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_van_Nazianze" title="Gregorius van Nazianze">Gregorius van Nazianze</a> en <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Damascenus" title="Johannes Damascenus">Johannes Damascenus</a>. De moslim <a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a> probeerde de <a href="/wiki/Aristotelisme" title="Aristotelisme">leer van Aristoteles</a> met de <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> in overeenstemming te brengen. Volgens een ruwe schatting heeft zo'n 10% van de klassieke geschriften de tand des tijds doorstaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tijdlijn">Tijdlijn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassieke_oudheid&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Tijdlijn" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassieke_oudheid&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Tijdlijn"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>vanaf 8e eeuw v.Chr. - <a href="/wiki/Atheense_democratie" title="Atheense democratie">Atheense democratie</a></li> <li>499 v.Chr. - <a href="/wiki/Perzische_Oorlogen" title="Perzische Oorlogen">Perzische Oorlogen</a></li> <li>5e eeuw v.Chr. - <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Peloponnesische_Oorlog" title="Eerste Peloponnesische Oorlog">Eerste</a> en <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesische_Oorlog" title="Peloponnesische Oorlog">Tweede Peloponnesische oorlog</a></li> <li>4e eeuw v.Chr. - veroveringstochten van <a href="/wiki/Alexander_de_Grote" title="Alexander de Grote">Alexander de Grote</a></li> <li>4e - 1e eeuw v.Chr. - <a href="/wiki/Hellenisme" title="Hellenisme">hellenisme</a></li> <li>4e eeuw v.Chr. - 5e eeuw - <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Republiek" title="Romeinse Republiek">Romeinse Republiek</a></li> <li>3e - 2e eeuw v.Chr. - <a href="/wiki/Punische_oorlogen" title="Punische oorlogen">Punische oorlogen</a></li> <li>2e - 1e eeuw v.Chr. - <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_burgeroorlogen" title="Romeinse burgeroorlogen">Romeinse burgeroorlogen</a></li> <li>1e eeuw v.Chr. - 4e eeuw - <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Keizerrijk" title="Romeinse Keizerrijk">Romeinse Keizerrijk</a></li> <li>vanaf 1e eeuw - opkomst <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">christendom</a></li> <li>3e eeuw - <a href="/wiki/Soldatenkeizers" title="Soldatenkeizers">soldatenkeizers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassieke_oudheid&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassieke_oudheid&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piet_Reimer" title="Piet Reimer">Piet Reimer</a>. Klassieke oudheid van A tot Z, 2006. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789027467157" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9789027467157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andries_Welkenhuysen" title="Andries Welkenhuysen">Andries Welkenhuysen</a>. Klassieke vertalingen 1992-2003. Repertorium en bibliografische gids, 2003.</li> <li>Patrick De Rynck en Andries Welkenhuysen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/rync001oudh01_01/">De Oudheid in het Nederlands. Repertorium en bibliografische gids voor vertalingen van Griekse en Latijnse auteurs en geschriften</a>, 1992. op de <a href="/wiki/Digitale_Bibliotheek_voor_de_Nederlandse_Letteren" title="Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren">DBNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhemar_Geerebaert" title="Adhemar Geerebaert">Adhemar Geerebaert</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ia800409.us.archive.org/5/items/GeerebaertLijstVertalingen1924/geerebaert1924.pdf">Lijst van de gedrukte Nederlandsche Vertalingen der oude Grieksche en Latijnsche Schrijvers</a>, 1924. <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pdf-document"><img alt="Pdf-document" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg/16px-Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg/24px-Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg/32px-Icons-mini-file_pdf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Voetnoten</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">LD Reynolds en NG Wilson. Scribes and Scholars. A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature, 2014. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780199686339" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0199686339</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ancient_history#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ancient history">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ancient_history#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ancient history">Ancient history</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klassieke_oudheid&oldid=63990758">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klassieke_oudheid&oldid=63990758</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Oudheid" title="Categorie:Oudheid">Oudheid</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Pagina%27s_die_ISBN_magische_links_gebruiken" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Pagina's die ISBN magische links gebruiken">Wikipedia:Pagina's die ISBN magische links gebruiken</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 14 mrt 2023 om 11:20.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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