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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiction_set_in_Northern_Ontario" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiction_set_in_Northern_Ontario"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Fiction set in Northern Ontario</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fiction_set_in_Northern_Ontario-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fiction set in Northern Ontario subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fiction_set_in_Northern_Ontario-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Novels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Plays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Television series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Comics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_de_l%27Ontario" title="Nord de l'Ontario – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nord de l'Ontario" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="北オンタリオ地方 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="北オンタリオ地方" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ontario" title="Northern Ontario – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Northern Ontario" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northern_Ontario&params=50_N_86_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°N</span> <span class="longitude">86°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50°N 86°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50; -86</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Primary Region in Ontario, Canada</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Primary Region in Ontario, Canada</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Northern Ontario<br /><sub><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Nord de l'Ontario</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Ontario_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario French">French</a>)</sub></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Primary Region</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Ontario_NORTHERN.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="██ Statistical area (geographic area north of French River) ██ Extended administrative area"><img alt="██ Statistical area (geographic area north of French River) ██ Extended administrative area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_Ontario_NORTHERN.svg/250px-Map_of_Ontario_NORTHERN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_Ontario_NORTHERN.svg/375px-Map_of_Ontario_NORTHERN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_Ontario_NORTHERN.svg/500px-Map_of_Ontario_NORTHERN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="330" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><br /><span style="color:#F07568;">██</span> Statistical area (geographic area north of French River) <span style="color:#9BCB65;">██</span> Extended administrative area</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries of the world">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Canada">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario"><img alt="Ontario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">806,707.51 km<sup>2</sup> (311,471.51 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Canada_2021_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2021 Census">2021</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">789,519</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1/km<sup>2</sup> (3/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Greater Sudbury</a><br />166,044(<a href="/wiki/Canada_2021_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2021 Census">2021</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ishpatina_Ridge" title="Ishpatina Ridge">Ishpatina Ridge</a><br />(693 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longest river</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albany_River" title="Albany River">Albany River</a><br />(980 km)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.on.ca">Government of Ontario</a> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List of <a href="/wiki/Current_members_of_the_Canadian_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="Current members of the Canadian House of Commons">MPs</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Angus" title="Charlie Angus">Charlie Angus</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Patty_Hajdu" title="Patty Hajdu">Patty Hajdu</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Hughes_(politician)" title="Carol Hughes (politician)">Carol Hughes</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Viviane_Lapointe" title="Viviane Lapointe">Viviane Lapointe</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Melillo" title="Eric Melillo">Eric Melillo</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Rota" title="Anthony Rota">Anthony Rota</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Powlowski" title="Marcus Powlowski">Marcus Powlowski</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Serr%C3%A9" title="Marc Serré">Marc Serré</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Terry_Sheehan" title="Terry Sheehan">Terry Sheehan</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List of <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario" title="Legislative Assembly of Ontario">MPPs</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Bisson" title="Gilles Bisson">Gilles Bisson</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Bourgouin" title="Guy Bourgouin">Guy Bourgouin</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Vic_Fedeli" title="Vic Fedeli">Vic Fedeli</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/France_G%C3%A9linas" title="France Gélinas">France Gélinas</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gravelle" title="Michael Gravelle">Michael Gravelle</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sol_Mamakwa" title="Sol Mamakwa">Sol Mamakwa</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mantha" title="Michael Mantha">Michael Mantha</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Judith_Monteith-Farrell" title="Judith Monteith-Farrell">Judith Monteith-Farrell</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Rickford" title="Greg Rickford">Greg Rickford</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ross_Romano" title="Ross Romano">Ross Romano</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/John_Vanthof" title="John Vanthof">John Vanthof</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jamie_West" title="Jamie West">Jamie West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Northern Ontario</b> is a primary geographic and quasi-administrative region of the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Canadian province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, the other primary region being <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ontario" title="Southern Ontario">Southern Ontario</a>. Most of the core geographic region is located on part of the <a href="/wiki/Superior_Craton" title="Superior Craton">Superior Geological Province</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Shield" title="Canadian Shield">Canadian Shield</a>, a vast rocky plateau located mainly north of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Huron" title="Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Bay" title="Georgian Bay">Georgian Bay</a>), the <a href="/wiki/French_River_(Ontario)" title="French River (Ontario)">French River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Nipissing" title="Lake Nipissing">Lake Nipissing</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mattawa_River" title="Mattawa River">Mattawa River</a>. The statistical region extends south of the Mattawa River to include all of the District of Nipissing. The southern section of this district lies on part of the <a href="/wiki/Grenville_Orogeny" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenville Orogeny">Grenville Geological Province</a> of the Shield which occupies the transitional area between Northern and Southern Ontario. </p><p>The extended federal and provincial quasi-administrative regions of Northern Ontario have their own boundaries even further south in the transitional area that vary according to their respective government policies and requirements. Ontario government departments and agencies such as the Growth Plan for Northern Ontario and the Northern Ontario Heritage Fund Corporation define Northern Ontario as all areas north of, and including, the districts of Parry Sound and Nipissing for political purposes,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the federal but not the provincial government also includes the district of Muskoka. </p><p>The statistical region has a land area of 806,000 km<sup>2</sup> (311,000 sq mi) and constitutes 88 percent of the land area of Ontario, but with just 780,000 people, it contains only about six percent of the province's population.<sup id="cite_ref-wilderness_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilderness-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The climate is characterized by extremes of temperature, with very cold winters and hot summers. The principal industries are <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">mining</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectricity</a>. </p><p>For some purposes, Northern Ontario is further subdivided into <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Ontario" title="Northeastern Ontario">Northeastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Ontario" title="Northwestern Ontario">Northwestern Ontario</a>. When the region is divided in that way, the three westernmost districts (<a href="/wiki/Rainy_River_District" title="Rainy River District">Rainy River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenora_District" title="Kenora District">Kenora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_District" title="Thunder Bay District">Thunder Bay</a>) constitute Northwestern Ontario, and the other districts constitute Northeastern Ontario. Northeastern Ontario contains two thirds of Northern Ontario's population. </p><p>In the early 20th century, Northern Ontario was often called "New Ontario", although that name has fallen into disuse because of its colonial connotations. (In <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, however, the region may still be referred to as <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Nouvel-Ontario</i></span>, although <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">le Nord de l'Ontario</i></span> and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Ontario-Nord</i></span> are now more commonly used.) </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territorial_evolution">Territorial evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Territorial evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Those areas which formed part of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> in the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Pays_d%27en_Haut" title="Pays d'en Haut">Pays d'en Haut</a></i></span>, essentially the watersheds of the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_River" title="Ottawa River">Ottawa River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Huron" title="Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Lake Superior</a>, had been acquired by the British by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a> and became part of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper Canada</a> in 1791, and then the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a> between 1840 and 1867. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_provinces_1867-1870.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Canada_provinces_1867-1870.png/220px-Canada_provinces_1867-1870.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Canada_provinces_1867-1870.png/330px-Canada_provinces_1867-1870.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Canada_provinces_1867-1870.png/440px-Canada_provinces_1867-1870.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Canadian provincial boundaries in 1867</figcaption></figure> <p>At the time of <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a> in 1867, the portion of Northern Ontario lying south of the <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Divide" title="Laurentian Divide">Laurentian Divide</a> was part of Ontario, whilst the portion north of the divide was part of the separate British territory of <a href="/wiki/Rupert%27s_Land" title="Rupert's Land">Rupert's Land</a>. The province's boundaries were provisionally expanded northward and westward in 1874, whilst the <a href="/wiki/Lake_of_the_Woods" title="Lake of the Woods">Lake of the Woods</a> region remained subject to a boundary dispute between Ontario and <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>. The region was confirmed as belonging to Ontario by decision of the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a> in 1884,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 of the Parliament of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, which set the province's new northern boundary at the <a href="/wiki/Albany_River" title="Albany River">Albany River</a>. </p><p>The remaining northernmost portion of the province, from the Albany River to <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a>, was transferred to the province from the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> by the Parliament of Canada in the Ontario Boundaries Extension Act, 1912. This region was originally established as the <a href="/wiki/Patricia_District,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Patricia District, Ontario">District of Patricia</a>, but was merged into the <a href="/wiki/Kenora_District" title="Kenora District">Kenora District</a> in 1937. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judicial_and_administrative_divisions">Judicial and administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Judicial and administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a> began creating judicial districts in sparsely populated Northern Ontario with the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Algoma_District" title="Algoma District">Algoma District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_District" title="Nipissing District">Nipissing District</a> in 1858. These districts had no municipal function; they were created for the provision of judicial and administrative services from the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">district seat</a>. Nipissing had no district seat until 1895. Up until that date, registry office and higher court services were available at Pembroke in Renfrew County. Nipissing Stipendiary Magistrate and land registrar William Doran established his residence at North Bay in 1885. Following the hotly contested district town election in 1895, North Bay earned the right to become the district seat in the new Provisional District of Nipissing. After the creation of the province of Ontario in 1867, the first district to be established was <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_District" title="Thunder Bay District">Thunder Bay</a> in 1871 which until then had formed part of Algoma District. The Ontario government was reluctant to establish new districts in the north, partly because the northern and western boundaries of Ontario were in dispute after <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">Confederation</a>. Ontario's right to <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Ontario" title="Northwestern Ontario">Northwestern Ontario</a> was determined by the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Judicial Committee of the Privy Council</a> in 1884 and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 of the Parliament of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. By 1899 there were seven northern districts: Algoma, Manitoulin, Muskoka, Nipissing, Parry Sound, Rainy River, and Thunder Bay. Five more northern districts were created between 1907 and 1922: Cochrane, Kenora, Sudbury, Temiskaming and Patricia. The Patricia District was then merged into the Kenora District in 1927. </p><p>Unlike the <a href="/wiki/County" title="County">counties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Regional_municipality" title="Regional municipality">regional municipalities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ontario" title="Southern Ontario">Southern Ontario</a>, which have a government and administrative structure and jurisdiction over specified government services, a district lacks that level of administration. Districts are too sparsely populated to maintain a county government system, so many district-based services are provided directly by the provincial government. For example, districts have provincially maintained <a href="/wiki/Provincial_highways_in_Ontario#Secondary_highways" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial highways in Ontario">secondary highways</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/County_road" class="mw-redirect" title="County road">county roads</a>. </p><p>Statistically, the districts in Northern Ontario (which appear in red on the location map) are <a href="/wiki/Rainy_River_District" title="Rainy River District">Rainy River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenora_District" title="Kenora District">Kenora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_District" title="Thunder Bay District">Thunder Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cochrane_District" title="Cochrane District">Cochrane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algoma_District" title="Algoma District">Algoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_District" title="Sudbury District">Sudbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_District" title="Nipissing District">Nipissing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manitoulin_District" title="Manitoulin District">Manitoulin</a>. The <i>single-tier municipality</i> of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Greater Sudbury</a> — which is not politically part of the District of Sudbury — is the only <a href="/wiki/Census_divisions_of_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Census divisions of Ontario">census division</a> in Northern Ontario where county-level services are offered by a local government rather than the province. </p><p>A portion of the Nipissing District which lies south of the geographic dividing line between Northern and Southern Ontario is considered administratively and statistically part of Northern Ontario because of its status as part of Nipissing. As well, for administrative purposes, the districts of <a href="/wiki/District_Municipality_of_Muskoka" title="District Municipality of Muskoka">Muskoka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parry_Sound_District" title="Parry Sound District">Parry Sound</a> are sometimes treated as part of Northern Ontario even though they are geographically in Southern or <a href="/wiki/Central_Ontario" title="Central Ontario">Central Ontario</a>. In 2004, finance minister <a href="/wiki/Greg_Sorbara" title="Greg Sorbara">Greg Sorbara</a> removed Muskoka from the jurisdictional area of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Northern_Development_and_Mines" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Northern Development and Mines">Ministry of Northern Development and Mines</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario_Heritage_Fund" title="Northern Ontario Heritage Fund">Northern Ontario Heritage Fund</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-muskoka_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muskoka-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to which it had been added in 2000 by his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Eves" title="Ernie Eves">Ernie Eves</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-creeping_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-creeping-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the province continues to treat Parry Sound as a Northern Ontario division under both programs.<sup id="cite_ref-muskoka_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muskoka-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The federal government continues to retain both more southerly districts in the service area of <a href="/wiki/FedNor" class="mw-redirect" title="FedNor">FedNor</a>. </p><p>All of Northeastern Ontario is within the Eastern (UTC −5) <a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">time zone</a>; Northwestern Ontario is split between the Eastern and Central (UTC −6) time zones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communities">Communities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gateway_to_North_Bay,_Ontario.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gateway_to_North_Bay%2C_Ontario.jpg/200px-Gateway_to_North_Bay%2C_Ontario.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gateway_to_North_Bay%2C_Ontario.jpg/300px-Gateway_to_North_Bay%2C_Ontario.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gateway_to_North_Bay%2C_Ontario.jpg/400px-Gateway_to_North_Bay%2C_Ontario.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/North_Bay,_Ontario" title="North Bay, Ontario">North Bay</a> is often considered to be the "Gateway" to Northern Ontario</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities">Cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Northern Ontario has nine cities. In order of population as of the <a href="/wiki/Canada_2021_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2021 Census">Canada 2021 Census</a>, they are: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name of city </th> <th>Population </th> <th>CMA/CA population </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Census_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Census Metropolitan Area">CMA</a>/<a href="/wiki/Census_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Census agglomeration">CA</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Greater Sudbury</a> </td> <td>166,004 </td> <td>170,605 </td> <td>CMA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a> </td> <td>108,843 </td> <td>123,258 </td> <td>CMA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie,_Ontario" title="Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario">Sault Ste. Marie</a> </td> <td>72,051 </td> <td>76,731 </td> <td>CA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Bay,_Ontario" title="North Bay, Ontario">North Bay</a> </td> <td>52,662 </td> <td>71,736 </td> <td>CA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Timmins" title="Timmins">Timmins</a> </td> <td>41,145 </td> <td>41,145 </td> <td>CA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenora" title="Kenora">Kenora</a> </td> <td>14,967 </td> <td>14,967 </td> <td>CA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Lake" title="Elliot Lake">Elliot Lake</a> </td> <td>11,372 </td> <td>11,372 </td> <td>CA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Temiskaming_Shores" title="Temiskaming Shores">Temiskaming Shores</a> </td> <td>9,634 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dryden,_Ontario" title="Dryden, Ontario">Dryden</a> </td> <td>7,388 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>It is important to note that in the <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Province of Ontario</a> there are no requirements to become a city and the designation is voluntary. As a result, there are four towns in Northern Ontario that have a larger population than its smallest city <a href="/wiki/Dryden,_Ontario" title="Dryden, Ontario">Dryden</a>. </p><p>Until the City of Greater Sudbury was created in 2001, Thunder Bay had a larger population than the old city of Sudbury, but the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Sudbury" title="Regional Municipality of Sudbury">Regional Municipality of Sudbury</a> was the larger <a href="/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">Census Metropolitan Area</a> as Sudbury had a much more populous suburban belt (including the city of <a href="/wiki/Valley_East" title="Valley East">Valley East</a>, formerly the region's sixth-largest city.) However, as the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury is now governed as a single city, it is both the region's largest city and the region's largest CMA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Towns">Towns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other municipalities in Northern Ontario include: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name of Town </th> <th>Population (2021) </th> <th>Population (2016) </th> <th>Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Nipissing" title="West Nipissing">West Nipissing</a> </td> <td>14,583 </td> <td>14,364 </td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kapuskasing" title="Kapuskasing">Kapuskasing</a> </td> <td>8,057 </td> <td>8,292 </td> <td>-2.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kirkland_Lake" title="Kirkland Lake">Kirkland Lake</a> </td> <td>7,750 </td> <td>7,981 </td> <td>-2.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort_Frances" title="Fort Frances">Fort Frances</a> </td> <td>7,466 </td> <td>7,739 </td> <td>-3.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Parry_Sound,_Ontario" title="Parry Sound, Ontario">Parry Sound</a> </td> <td>6,879 </td> <td>6,408 </td> <td>7.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Paipoonge" title="Oliver Paipoonge">Oliver Paipoonge</a> </td> <td>6,035 </td> <td>5,922 </td> <td>1.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cochrane,_Ontario" title="Cochrane, Ontario">Cochrane</a> </td> <td>5,390 </td> <td>5,321 </td> <td>1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Lookout" title="Sioux Lookout">Sioux Lookout</a> </td> <td>5,839 </td> <td>5,272 </td> <td>10.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hearst,_Ontario" title="Hearst, Ontario">Hearst</a> </td> <td>4,794 </td> <td>5,070 </td> <td>-5.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Espanola,_Ontario" title="Espanola, Ontario">Espanola</a> </td> <td>5,185 </td> <td>4,996 </td> <td>2.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greenstone,_Ontario" title="Greenstone, Ontario">Greenstone</a> </td> <td>4,309 </td> <td>4,636 </td> <td>-7.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Falls" title="Iroquois Falls">Iroquois Falls</a> </td> <td>4,418 </td> <td>4,537 </td> <td>-2.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_Lake,_Ontario" title="Red Lake, Ontario">Red Lake</a> </td> <td>4,094 </td> <td>4,107 </td> <td>-0.3 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Science_north_building_in_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Science_north_building_in_2007.jpg/220px-Science_north_building_in_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Science_north_building_in_2007.jpg/330px-Science_north_building_in_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Science_north_building_in_2007.jpg/440px-Science_north_building_in_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="692" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Science_North" title="Science North">Science North</a> in Sudbury.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sudbury is the dominant city in Northeastern Ontario, and Thunder Bay is the dominant city in Northwestern Ontario. These two regions are quite distinct from each other economically and culturally, and although the two regions are adjacent, their population centres are quite distant from each other. As a result, Sudbury and Thunder Bay are each the primary city in their part of the region but neither city can be said to outrank the other as the principal economic centre of Northern Ontario as a whole. </p><p>In fact, each city has a couple of distinct advantages that the other city lacks — Sudbury is at the centre of a larger economic sphere due to the city's, and Northeastern Ontario's, larger population but Thunder Bay is advantaged by air, rail and shipping traffic due to its prime location along major continental transportation routes. The <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_International_Airport" title="Thunder Bay International Airport">Thunder Bay International Airport</a> is the third busiest airport in Ontario after <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Pearson_International_Airport" title="Toronto Pearson International Airport">Toronto Pearson International Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Macdonald%E2%80%93Cartier_International_Airport" title="Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport">Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport</a>, carrying some 600,000 passengers in 2004 with over 100 domestic flights and four international flights daily. Sudbury's economy, in which the largest sectors of employment are government-related fields such as education and health care, is somewhat more diversified than Thunder Bay's, which is still based primarily on natural resources and manufacturing. Yet, in the era of government cutbacks, Thunder Bay's economy has been less prone to recession and unemployment. Sudbury trades more readily into Southern Ontario, whereas Thunder Bay has closer trade ties to <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Staples_thesis" title="Staples thesis">staples thesis</a> of Canadian economic history, Northern Ontario is a "hinterland" or "periphery" region, whose economic development has been defined primarily by providing raw natural resource materials to larger and more powerful business interests from elsewhere in Canada or the world.<sup id="cite_ref-wilderness_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilderness-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Northern Ontario has had difficulty in recent years maintaining both its economy and its population. All of the region's cities declined in population between the censuses of 1996 and 2001. (This coincides with the discontinuation of the operation of the subsidized government airline <a href="/wiki/NorOntair" title="NorOntair">norOntair</a> in March 1996.) Although the cities have tried with mixed results to diversify their economies in recent years, most communities in the region are resource-based economies, whose economic health is very dependent on "boom and bust" resource cycles. <a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">Mining</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a> are the two major industries in the region, although <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation">transportation</a>, public services and <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> are represented as well. After 2001, the major cities returned to patterns of modest growth in the censuses of 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2021, although many of the smaller towns saw further declines. </p><p>The cities have, by and large, been very dependent on government-related employment and investment for their economic diversification.<sup id="cite_ref-wilderness_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilderness-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Liberal</a> government of <a href="/wiki/David_Peterson" title="David Peterson">David Peterson</a> in the 1980s moved several provincial agencies and ministries to Northern Ontario, including the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Lottery_and_Gaming_Corporation" title="Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation">Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation</a> (which maintains a large office in Sault Ste. Marie) and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Northern_Development_and_Mines" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Northern Development and Mines">Ministry of Northern Development and Mines</a> (whose head office is in Greater Sudbury). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sault_canal_NHS_adjusted.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sault_canal_NHS_adjusted.jpg/220px-Sault_canal_NHS_adjusted.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sault_canal_NHS_adjusted.jpg/330px-Sault_canal_NHS_adjusted.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Sault_canal_NHS_adjusted.jpg/440px-Sault_canal_NHS_adjusted.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Sault Locks in <a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie,_Ontario" title="Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario">Sault Ste. Marie</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>As well, many of Northern Ontario's major tourist attractions (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Science_North" title="Science North">Science North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Earth_(Ontario)" title="Dynamic Earth (Ontario)">Dynamic Earth</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Soo_Locks" title="Soo Locks">Sault Locks</a>, etc.) are agencies of the provincial or federal governments. Further, much of the funding available for economic development in Northern Ontario comes from government initiatives such as the federal government's <a href="/wiki/Federal_Economic_Development_Initiative_for_Northern_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario">Federal Economic Development Initiative for Northern Ontario</a> (FedNor) and the provincial <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario_Heritage_Fund" title="Northern Ontario Heritage Fund">Northern Ontario Heritage Fund</a>. </p><p>Over the past several years, there has been a renewed interest in mining exploration. <a href="/wiki/McFaulds_Lake" title="McFaulds Lake">McFaulds Lake</a> in the <a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a> Lowlands has attracted the attention of junior mining exploration companies. Since the 2003 investigation of the area for diamonds, some 20 companies have staked claims in the area, forming joint ventures. While still in the exploration phase, there have been some exciting finds that could bring prosperity to the region and the <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> communities in that area. New mining sites have also been investigated and explored in Sudbury, Timmins, Kirkland Lake, Elliot Lake and the <a href="/wiki/Temagami" title="Temagami">Temagami</a> area. In <a href="/wiki/Chapleau,_Ontario" title="Chapleau, Ontario">Chapleau</a>, Probe Mines Limited is in the advanced stage of exploration and was recognized in 2013 with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontario_Prospectors_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontario Prospectors Association (page does not exist)">Ontario Prospectors Association</a> 2013 Ontario Prospector Award.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Northern_Ontario" title="Canadian federal election results in Northern Ontario">Canadian federal election results in Northern Ontario</a></div> <p>Northern Ontario has generally been one of the weakest areas in all of Canada for both the federal <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> parties, as well as one of the weakest areas for the provincial <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario">Progressive Conservatives</a>. Instead, partly due to the region's significant dependence on government investment<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a> has traditionally taken the majority of the region's seats at both the federal and provincial levels. The <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democrats</a> also have a significant base of support, thanks to Northern Ontario's history of <a href="/wiki/Labour_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour union">labour unionism</a>, support from <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> communities, and the personal popularity of local NDP figures. </p><p>Two <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario" title="Premier of Ontario">Premiers of Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Hearst" title="William Howard Hearst">William Hearst</a> (1914–1919) and <a href="/wiki/Mike_Harris" title="Mike Harris">Mike Harris</a> (1995–2002), represented Northern Ontario constituencies in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario" title="Legislative Assembly of Ontario">Legislative Assembly of Ontario</a>. However, Harris himself was the only Conservative candidate elected in a true Northern Ontario riding in either the <a href="/wiki/1995_Ontario_general_election" title="1995 Ontario general election">1995</a> or <a href="/wiki/1999_Ontario_general_election" title="1999 Ontario general election">1999</a> elections (if the definition of Northern Ontario includes the Parry Sound District, then Harris was joined by <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Eves" title="Ernie Eves">Ernie Eves</a> in Parry Sound—Muskoka). Following Eves' retirement from politics, <a href="/wiki/Norm_Miller" title="Norm Miller">Norm Miller</a> was also elected in Parry Sound—Muskoka in a by-election in 2001, and was re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/2003_Ontario_general_election" title="2003 Ontario general election">2003</a> and <a href="/wiki/2007_Ontario_general_election" title="2007 Ontario general election">2007</a> elections. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Howard_Hampton_speech.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Howard_Hampton_speech.jpg/220px-Howard_Hampton_speech.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Howard_Hampton_speech.jpg/330px-Howard_Hampton_speech.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Howard_Hampton_speech.jpg/440px-Howard_Hampton_speech.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="888" /></a><figcaption>Former Ontario NDP leader <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hampton" title="Howard Hampton">Howard Hampton</a>, MPP for <a href="/wiki/Kenora%E2%80%94Rainy_River_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Kenora—Rainy River (provincial electoral district)">Kenora—Rainy River</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Former <a href="/wiki/Ontario_New_Democratic_Party" title="Ontario New Democratic Party">Ontario New Democratic Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hampton" title="Howard Hampton">Howard Hampton</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Liberal_Party" title="Ontario Liberal Party">Ontario Liberal Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Lyn_McLeod" title="Lyn McLeod">Lyn McLeod</a> also represented Northern Ontario ridings in the provincial legislature; the six months in 1996 between Hampton's accession to the NDP leadership in June and McLeod's departure as Liberal leader in December marked the first and only time in Ontario's history that all three parties in the legislature were simultaneously led by Northern Ontario MPPs. </p><p>The riding of <a href="/wiki/Algoma_East" title="Algoma East">Algoma East</a> was represented federally by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" title="Lester B. Pearson">Lester B. Pearson</a> from 1948 to 1968. Pearson was not from the district, however, but represented the district because it had been chosen as a <a href="/wiki/Safe_seat" title="Safe seat">safe seat</a> for him to run in a 1948 by-election following the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Farquhar" title="Thomas Farquhar">Thomas Farquhar</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate of Canada</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 federal election</a>, the New Democratic Party won nearly every seat in the region, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Nipissing%E2%80%94Timiskaming" title="Nipissing—Timiskaming">Nipissing—Timiskaming</a>, which was retained by its Liberal incumbent <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Rota" title="Anthony Rota">Anthony Rota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kenora_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Kenora (federal electoral district)">Kenora</a>, which was won by Conservative <a href="/wiki/Greg_Rickford" title="Greg Rickford">Greg Rickford</a>. This sweep included several seats which were formerly seen as Liberal strongholds, including <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Sudbury (federal electoral district)">Sudbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algoma%E2%80%94Manitoulin%E2%80%94Kapuskasing_(federal_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing (federal electoral district)">Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay%E2%80%94Rainy_River" title="Thunder Bay—Rainy River">Thunder Bay—Rainy River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay%E2%80%94Superior_North_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Thunder Bay—Superior North (federal electoral district)">Thunder Bay—Superior North</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 election</a>, the NDP retained nearly all of these seats with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Sault Ste. Marie (federal electoral district)">Sault Ste. Marie</a>, where longtime incumbent MP <a href="/wiki/Tony_Martin_(politician)" title="Tony Martin (politician)">Tony Martin</a> was defeated despite that election's historic increase in NDP support nationwide; in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election">2015 election</a>, however, a resurgence of Liberal support under <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> resulted in the Liberals regaining all of the region's seats except <a href="/wiki/Timmins%E2%80%94James_Bay_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Timmins—James Bay (federal electoral district)">Timmins-James Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algoma%E2%80%94Manitoulin%E2%80%94Kapuskasing_(federal_electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing (federal electoral district)">Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing</a>, where the NDP incumbents were successfully re-elected. </p><p>Major political issues in recent years have included the economic health of the region, the extension of <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Highway_400" title="Ontario Highway 400">Highway 400</a> from Parry Sound to Sudbury, issues pertaining to the quality and availability of <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a> services, mining development in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario_Ring_of_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ontario Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a> region around McFaulds Lake, the closure of <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Northland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario Northland">Ontario Northland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Algo_Centre_Mall" title="Algo Centre Mall">Algo Centre Mall</a> roof collapse of 2012, and a controversial but now-defunct plan to ship <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>'s garbage to the <a href="/wiki/Adams_Mine" title="Adams Mine">Adams Mine</a>, an abandoned <a href="/wiki/Open-pit_mining" title="Open-pit mining">open pit mine</a> in Kirkland Lake. </p><p>In the redistribution of provincial <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)" title="Electoral district (Canada)">electoral districts</a> before the <a href="/wiki/2007_Ontario_general_election" title="2007 Ontario general election">2007 election</a>, the province retained the existing electoral district boundaries in Northern Ontario, rather than adjusting them to correspond to federal electoral district boundaries as was done in the southern part of the province. Without this change, the region would have <i>lost</i> one <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Provincial_Parliament_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario)">Member of Provincial Parliament</a>. For the <a href="/wiki/2018_Ontario_general_election" title="2018 Ontario general election">2018 election</a>, the province further diverged from the federal electoral districts in the region, creating the special districts of <a href="/wiki/Kiiwetinoong" title="Kiiwetinoong">Kiiwetinoong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mushkegowuk%E2%80%94James_Bay" title="Mushkegowuk—James Bay">Mushkegowuk—James Bay</a> to accommodate the unique political concerns of the rural far north. </p><p>Due to the region's relatively sparse population, federal and provincial electoral districts in the region are almost all extremely large geographically. The federal electoral district of <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Sudbury (federal electoral district)">Sudbury</a> and the provincial electoral districts of <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Sudbury (provincial electoral district)">Sudbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie_(provincial_electoral_district)" title="Sault Ste. Marie (provincial electoral district)">Sault Ste. Marie</a> are the only ones that are comparable in size to an electoral district in Southern Ontario, while at the other extreme the districts of Kiiwetinoong and Mushkegowuk—James Bay are both geographically larger than the entire <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. One consequence of this, for example, is that a politician who represents a Northern Ontario riding in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Ontario" title="Legislative Assembly of Ontario">Legislative Assembly of Ontario</a> must typically maintain a much higher budget for travel and office expenses than one who represents a small urban district does.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secession_movements">Secession movements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Secession movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Ontario_landscape_(CCF09252007_00005).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Northern_Ontario_landscape_%28CCF09252007_00005%29.jpg/220px-Northern_Ontario_landscape_%28CCF09252007_00005%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Northern_Ontario_landscape_%28CCF09252007_00005%29.jpg/330px-Northern_Ontario_landscape_%28CCF09252007_00005%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Northern_Ontario_landscape_%28CCF09252007_00005%29.jpg/440px-Northern_Ontario_landscape_%28CCF09252007_00005%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1748" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption>Forests, lakes, and rivers dominate much of the Northern Ontario landscape.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ongoing high <a href="/wiki/Unemployment" title="Unemployment">unemployment</a>, lack of awareness of or concern for Northern Ontario's problems, and difficulties in achieving economic diversification have led to discontent amongst Northern Ontarians; throughout the region's history, there have been various movements proposing that the region <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secede</a> from Ontario to form its own <a href="/wiki/Proposed_provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposed provinces and territories of Canada">separate province or territory</a> within Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-wilderness_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilderness-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first to raise the issue of secession was <a href="/wiki/Simon_James_Dawson" title="Simon James Dawson">Simon James Dawson</a> in 1875, then the representative of the <a href="/wiki/Algoma_District" title="Algoma District">Algoma district</a> in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, a movement emerged in Sudbury in the 1890s, when the provincial government began taxing mines;<sup id="cite_ref-wilderness_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilderness-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a second movement emerged following the creation of <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> in 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-wilderness_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilderness-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1940s, an organization called the New Province League formed to lobby for the creation of a new territory of "Aurora".<sup id="cite_ref-wilderness_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wilderness-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966, a committee of mayors from the region, comprising <a href="/wiki/Max_Silverman" title="Max Silverman">Max Silverman</a> of Sudbury, G. W. Maybury of Kapuskasing, Ernest Reid of Fort William, Leo Del Villano of Timmins, <a href="/wiki/Merle_Dickerson" title="Merle Dickerson">Merle Dickerson</a> of North Bay and Leo Foucault of Espanola, formed to study the feasibility of Northern Ontario forming a new province.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1970s, North Bay businessman and city councillor Ed Deibel formed the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario_Heritage_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ontario Heritage Party">Northern Ontario Heritage Party</a> to lobby for the formation of a separate province of Northern Ontario.<sup id="cite_ref-recognized_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recognized-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party attracted only modest support and folded in 1984,<sup id="cite_ref-lose_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lose-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was reestablished in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-revival_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revival-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the party's original and revived forms have varied their platforms at different times, sometimes advocating for full independence of the region and other times lobbying for measures to increase the region's power over its own affairs within the province, including increasing the number of Northern Ontario electoral districts in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and the creation of a special district for the region's <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> voters.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999 the Northeastern Ontario Municipal Association, a committee consisting of the mayors of 14 Northern Ontario municipalities, wrote a letter to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a> asking him to outline the necessary conditions for the region to secede from Ontario to form a new province.<sup id="cite_ref-anger_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anger-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This movement emerged as a reaction to the government of <a href="/wiki/Mike_Harris" title="Mike Harris">Mike Harris</a>, whose policies were widely unpopular in the region even though Harris himself represented the Northern Ontario riding of <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_(electoral_district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipissing (electoral district)">Nipissing</a> in the legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-anger_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anger-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, some residents of the city of <a href="/wiki/Kenora" title="Kenora">Kenora</a> have called for the city or the wider region to secede from Ontario and join <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-note2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few residents throughout the region continue to suggest splitting all or part of the region into a separate province. The latter movement, known as the Northern Ontario Secession Movement, has begun to attract attention and support; most notably by the mayors of Kenora and Fort Frances. The crisis in the Ontario forest industry, and the perceived inaction by the provincial government, has in particular spurred support for the idea of secession. In particular, many residents feel that the industrial energy rate is too high to allow the industry to remain competitive. </p><p>While also stopping short of advocating for full independence, Sudbury's <i><a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Media_Group#Northern_Life" title="Laurentian Media Group">Northern Life</a></i> community newspaper published a number of editorials in the 2010s calling on the province to create a new level of supraregional government that would give the Northern Ontario region significantly more autonomy over its own affairs within the province.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2013_Ontario_Liberal_Party_leadership_election" title="2013 Ontario Liberal Party leadership election">2013 Ontario Liberal Party leadership race</a>, candidate <a href="/wiki/Glen_Murray_(politician)" title="Glen Murray (politician)">Glen Murray</a> similarly proposed a distinct level of supraregional government for Northern Ontario.<sup id="cite_ref-murray_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-murray-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/School_car" title="School car">School car</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lakehead_University_Summer_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lakehead_University_Summer_Campus.jpg/220px-Lakehead_University_Summer_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lakehead_University_Summer_Campus.jpg/330px-Lakehead_University_Summer_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Lakehead_University_Summer_Campus.jpg/440px-Lakehead_University_Summer_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lakehead_University" title="Lakehead University">Lakehead University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The region is home to five universities: <a href="/wiki/Lakehead_University" title="Lakehead University">Lakehead University</a> in Thunder Bay, <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_University" title="Laurentian University">Laurentian University</a> in Sudbury, <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_University" title="Nipissing University">Nipissing University</a> in North Bay, <a href="/wiki/Algoma_University" title="Algoma University">Algoma University</a> in Sault Ste. Marie, and the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Hearst" title="Université de Hearst">Université de Hearst</a> in Hearst, Kapuskasing and Timmins. All except Lakehead began as <a href="/wiki/Federated_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Federated school">federated schools</a> of Laurentian University, before being rechartered as independent universities at different times. </p><p>The region also has six colleges: <a href="/wiki/Confederation_College" title="Confederation College">Confederation College</a> in Thunder Bay, <a href="/wiki/Sault_College" title="Sault College">Sault College</a> in Sault Ste. Marie, <a href="/wiki/Northern_College_of_Applied_Arts_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern College of Applied Arts and Technology">Northern College</a> in Timmins, <a href="/wiki/Canadore_College" title="Canadore College">Canadore College</a> in North Bay, and the anglophone <a href="/wiki/Cambrian_College" title="Cambrian College">Cambrian College</a> and francophone <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Bor%C3%A9al" title="Collège Boréal">Collège Boréal</a> in Sudbury. Several of the colleges also have satellite campuses in smaller Northern Ontario communities. </p><p>A large <a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">distance education</a> network, <a href="/wiki/Contact_North" title="Contact North">Contact North</a>, also operates from Sudbury and Thunder Bay to provide educational services to small and remote Northern Ontario communities. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ontario School of Medicine">Northern Ontario School of Medicine</a> opened in 2005. Initially a joint faculty of Laurentian and Lakehead universities, it became a standalone university in 2022 dually based in Sudbury and Thunder Bay. NOSM has clinical placements throughout Northern Ontario and a special research focus on rural medicine. In 2011, Laurentian University was granted a charter to launch the <a href="/wiki/McEwen_School_of_Architecture" title="McEwen School of Architecture">McEwen School of Architecture</a> in Sudbury,<sup id="cite_ref-parentcentral_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parentcentral-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Lakehead University was granted approval to launch the <a href="/wiki/Bora_Laskin_Faculty_of_Law" title="Bora Laskin Faculty of Law">Bora Laskin Faculty of Law</a> in Thunder Bay.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with the Northern Ontario School of Medicine, each was the first school of its type ever established in the region, as well as the first new school of its type launched in Ontario since the 1960s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Outdoor recreation is popular in the region year-round. In summer, fishing, boating, canoeing, ATVing, and camping are enjoyed by residents. Hunting remains popular in autumn, especially for moose, whitetail deer, and grouse, although goose hunting is exceptionally popular near James Bay. Group hunting for moose is a favourite social outing. In winter, snowmobiling, ice fishing, outdoor shinny, cross-country skiing, and snowshoeing are popular activities. The region boasts extensive snowmobiling trails and many lakes are dotted with ice hut villages throughout the winter. </p><p>The region is home to numerous major cultural events, including Sudbury's <a href="/wiki/La_Nuit_sur_l%27%C3%A9tang" title="La Nuit sur l'étang">La Nuit sur l'étang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Lights_Festival_Bor%C3%A9al" title="Northern Lights Festival Boréal">Northern Lights Festival Boréal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9fest" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéfest">Cinéfest</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_the_Sound" title="Festival of the Sound">Festival of the Sound</a> in Parry Sound and the <a href="/wiki/Red_Rock_Folk_Festival" title="Red Rock Folk Festival">Red Rock Folk Festival</a> in Red Rock. Many communities host festivals celebrating local ethnic groups such as French, Métis, First Nations, Finnish, and Italian. Other communities have celebrations of unique local heritage such as Kapuskasing's Lumberjack Days, Mattawa's Voyageur Days, Sioux Lookout's Blueberry Festival, Elliot Lake's Uranium Heritage Days, and Red Lake's Norseman Festival. Even the smallest First Nations in the region will have an annual pow wow, which bring in many people from outside the community as well, although by far the largest and most famous powwow in the region is held in <a href="/wiki/Wiikwemkoong_First_Nation" title="Wiikwemkoong First Nation">Wiikwemkoong</a> on Manitoulin Island. In winter, many towns will host a winter carnival celebrating the cold weather; the largest of these is Sault Ste. Marie's <a href="/wiki/Bon_Soo_Winter_Carnival" title="Bon Soo Winter Carnival">Bon Soo Winter Carnival</a>. </p><p>As of 2017, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_pride" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT pride">LGBT pride</a> events take place in Sudbury (<a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Pride" title="Sudbury Pride">Sudbury Pride</a>), Thunder Bay (<a href="/wiki/Thunder_Pride" title="Thunder Pride">Thunder Pride</a>), Sault Ste. Marie, North Bay, Timmins, Elliot Lake and Kenora.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no single regional culinary dish. Fish and wild game, such as <a href="/wiki/Walleye" title="Walleye">walleye</a> (pickerel) and <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a>, can be considered regional favourites. Roadside chip trucks are popular choices for meals for locals and tourists alike, and almost every community has at least one. <a href="/wiki/Poutine" title="Poutine">Poutine</a>, which originated in Quebec with early adoption in Northern Ontario, is a core dish at these and many other restaurants. </p><p>Italian cuisine has had an influence on the culture of Northeastern Ontario, with <a href="/wiki/Porchetta" title="Porchetta">porchetta</a> considered a culinary signature of Sudbury and Sault Ste. Marie,<sup id="cite_ref-sudbury_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sudbury-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Thunder Bay's food culture is distinctively Finnish, with the <a href="/wiki/The_Hoito" title="The Hoito">Hoito</a> restaurant known internationally for its Finnish-style pancakes and other traditional Finnish dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Chinese_cuisine" title="Canadian Chinese cuisine">Chinese Canadian restaurants</a> have been common in every city and many smaller settlements in Northern Ontario since the early 20th century, satisfying "the ubiquitous Northern demand for Chinese food,"<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> albeit often heavily Westernized.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although maple syrup is not produced in most of Northern Ontario, it is still made in some areas near North Bay, Sudbury, Manitoulin Island, and Sault Ste. Marie. St. Joseph Island near Sault Ste. Marie is noted for the large quantity of maple syrup produced there.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the demise of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Breweries" title="Northern Breweries">Northern Breweries</a>, formerly the region's primary local <a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">brewery</a>, in 2006, several new local <a href="/wiki/Craft_brewery" class="mw-redirect" title="Craft brewery">craft brewers</a> have emerged in the region, including Stack Brewing in Sudbury,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> OutSpoken Brewing<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Northern Superior Brewing in Sault Ste. Marie, Sleeping Giant Brewing<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Dawson Trail Craft Brewery in Thunder Bay, Lake of the Woods Brewing in Kenora,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manitoulin Brewing in Little Current,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Ontario Brewing Company in North Bay,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Full Beard Brewing in Timmins.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although many sports are played in the region, ice hockey and curling are the most popular. Almost every community is home to both a hockey and curling rink. In fact, Northern Ontario is the only provincial or territorial subregion in Canada that sends its own teams to the <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hortons_Brier" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Hortons Brier">Brier</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Scotties_Tournament_of_Hearts" title="Scotties Tournament of Hearts">Tournament of Hearts</a> separately from its province.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hockey is often played on artificial outdoor rinks, and sometimes on frozen lakes. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/North_Bay_Battalion" title="North Bay Battalion">North Bay Battalion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie_Greyhounds" title="Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds">Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Wolves" title="Sudbury Wolves">Sudbury Wolves</a> play in the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Hockey_League" title="Ontario Hockey League">Ontario Hockey League</a> at the Major Junior level. The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario_Junior_Hockey_League" title="Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League">Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Superior_International_Junior_Hockey_League" title="Superior International Junior Hockey League">Superior International Junior Hockey League</a> operate at the Junior A level and the <a href="/wiki/Lakehead_Junior_Hockey_League" title="Lakehead Junior Hockey League">Lakehead Junior Hockey League</a> at Junior B. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Algoma_University" title="Algoma University">Algoma Thunderbirds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakehead_Thunderwolves" title="Lakehead Thunderwolves">Lakehead Thunderwolves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Voyageurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurentian Voyageurs">Laurentian Voyageurs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_Lakers" title="Nipissing Lakers">Nipissing Lakers</a> compete in <a href="/wiki/U_Sports" title="U Sports">U Sports</a> as members of <a href="/wiki/Ontario_University_Athletics" title="Ontario University Athletics">Ontario University Athletics</a>. </p><p>Also, the <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_Chill" title="Thunder Bay Chill">Thunder Bay Chill</a> soccer teams play in North America's <a href="/wiki/USL_League_Two" title="USL League Two">USL League Two</a>. </p><p>Northern Ontario has hosted the 1981 <a href="/wiki/Canada_Summer_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada Summer Games">Canada Summer Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/1988_World_Junior_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics">1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics</a>, <a href="/wiki/FIS_Nordic_World_Ski_Championships_1995" title="FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1995">FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1995</a> and <a href="/wiki/2003_Continental_Cup_of_Curling" title="2003 Continental Cup of Curling">2003 Continental Cup of Curling</a>. </p><p>In 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Five" title="Sudbury Five">Sudbury Five</a> were launched in the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_of_Canada" title="National Basketball League of Canada">National Basketball League of Canada</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2017, only the <a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Global_Television_Network" title="Global Television Network">Global</a> networks have comprehensive terrestrial coverage in Northern Ontario, while services such as <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC Television</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="City (TV network)">City</a>, <a href="/wiki/CTV_Two" class="mw-redirect" title="CTV Two">CTV Two</a>, <a href="/wiki/TVOntario" class="mw-redirect" title="TVOntario">TVOntario</a>, <a href="/wiki/TFO" title="TFO">TFO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Ici Radio-Canada Télé">Ici Radio-Canada Télé</a> are available almost exclusively via cable carriage of stations from <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>. In the northeast, the four <a href="/wiki/CTV_Northern_Ontario" title="CTV Northern Ontario">CTV Northern Ontario</a> stations are the only television stations with locally based studios, while the region receives Global and <a href="/wiki/CHCH-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="CHCH-TV">CHCH-TV</a> via rebroadcast transmitters; in Thunder Bay, where <a href="/wiki/Dougall_Media" title="Dougall Media">Dougall Media</a>'s two television stations are the only locally owned <a href="/wiki/Twinstick" class="mw-redirect" title="Twinstick">twinstick</a> operation remaining in English Canada, one station operates as a Global affiliate while the other switched its affiliation from CBC to CTV on September 1, 2014. </p><p>Daily <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspapers</a> in the region include the <i><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury Star">Sudbury Star</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicle-Journal" title="The Chronicle-Journal">Chronicle-Journal</a></i> in Thunder Bay, the <i><a href="/wiki/Sault_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Sault Star">Sault Star</a></i> in Sault Ste. Marie, the <i><a href="/wiki/North_Bay_Nugget" title="North Bay Nugget">North Bay Nugget</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Timmins_Daily_Press" title="Timmins Daily Press">Timmins Daily Press</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Kenora_Daily_Miner_and_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenora Daily Miner and News">Kenora Daily Miner and News</a></i>. <i>The Chronicle-Journal</i> is owned by Continental Newspapers, and all of the other daily newspapers are owned by <a href="/wiki/Postmedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmedia">Postmedia</a>. Community newspapers include <i><a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Media_Group#Northern_Life" title="Laurentian Media Group">Northern Life</a></i> in Sudbury, <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_News" title="Northern News">Northern News</a></i> in Kirkland Lake, <i><a href="/wiki/Dougall_Media#Print" title="Dougall Media">Thunder Bay's Source</a></i>, the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dryden_Observer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dryden Observer (page does not exist)">Dryden Observer</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sault_This_Week" title="Sault This Week">Sault This Week</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Mid-North_Monitor" title="Mid-North Monitor">Mid-North Monitor</a></i> in Espanola, the <i><a href="/wiki/Manitoulin_Expositor" title="Manitoulin Expositor">Manitoulin Expositor</a></i> on Manitoulin Island and the <a href="/wiki/Village_Media" title="Village Media">Village Media</a> network of web hyperlocals. </p><p>Noted magazines published in the region include <i><a href="/wiki/HighGrader" title="HighGrader">HighGrader</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Media_Group#Northern_Ontario_Business" title="Laurentian Media Group">Northern Ontario Business</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Media_Group#Sudbury_Living" title="Laurentian Media Group">Sudbury Living</a></i>. </p><p>Most commercial radio stations in Northern Ontario are owned by the national radio groups <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Communications" title="Rogers Communications">Rogers Communications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vista_Broadcast_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Vista Broadcast Group">Vista Broadcast Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_Media" title="Bell Media">Bell Media</a> or <a href="/wiki/Stingray_Group" title="Stingray Group">Stingray Group</a>, although a few independent and community broadcasters are represented as well. <a href="/wiki/CBC_Radio_One" title="CBC Radio One">CBC Radio One</a> has stations in Sudbury (<a href="/wiki/CBCS-FM" title="CBCS-FM">CBCS</a>), with rebroadcasters throughout Northeastern Ontario, and in Thunder Bay (<a href="/wiki/CBQT-FM" title="CBQT-FM">CBQT</a>), with rebroadcasters in the Northwest. The French <a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_Premi%C3%A8re" title="Ici Radio-Canada Première">Ici Radio-Canada Première</a> has a station in Sudbury (<a href="/wiki/CBON-FM" title="CBON-FM">CBON</a>), with rebroadcasters throughout Northern Ontario. <a href="/wiki/CBC_Music" title="CBC Music">CBC Music</a> is currently heard <i>only</i> in Sudbury (<a href="/wiki/CBBS-FM" title="CBBS-FM">CBBS</a>) and Thunder Bay (<a href="/wiki/CBQ-FM" title="CBQ-FM">CBQ</a>), and the French <a href="/wiki/Ici_Musique" title="Ici Musique">Ici Musique</a> is currently heard only in Sudbury (<a href="/wiki/CBBX-FM" title="CBBX-FM">CBBX</a>). </p><p>Cable television service is provided by <a href="/wiki/Shaw_Communications" title="Shaw Communications">Shaw Cable</a> in Sault Ste. Marie and virtually all of Northwestern Ontario, by <a href="/wiki/Cogeco" title="Cogeco">Cogeco</a> in North Bay, and by <a href="/wiki/EastLink_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="EastLink (company)">EastLink</a> in Northeastern Ontario apart from North Bay and Sault Ste. Marie. </p><p>In December 1951, <a href="/wiki/CHYK-FM" title="CHYK-FM">CFCL</a> went to air, broadcasting from <a href="/wiki/Timmins" title="Timmins">Timmins</a>. The first French-language radio station in Ontario, reached listeners from <a href="/wiki/Kirkland_Lake" title="Kirkland Lake">Kirkland Lake</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hearst,_Ontario" title="Hearst, Ontario">Hearst</a>, showcasing local talent and creating a sense of community among the widely dispersed francophone population of Northern Ontario. Until then greeted with enthusiasm by <a href="/wiki/Franco-Ontarians" title="Franco-Ontarians">Franco-Ontarians</a> who until then had heard limited programming in French over the airwaves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mining boom of the early twentieth century attracted many <a href="/wiki/Francophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophone">francophones</a> to Northeastern Ontario, and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> is still widely spoken there. While the Canadian constitution never required the province of Ontario to recognize French as an official language, the government provides full services in the French language to any citizen, resident, or visitor wishing it including communications, schools, hospitals, social services, and in the courts, under the <a href="/wiki/French_Language_Services_Act" title="French Language Services Act">French Language Services Act</a> of 1986. Bilingualism is higher than the Canadian average – in 2011, 180,020 people, or 24.6% of the population, spoke both English and French. There were also 8,910 people, or 1.2% of the population, who only spoke French. All of Northeastern Ontario, with the technical exception of Manitoulin Island, is designated as a French language service area, as are a few individual municipalities in the Northwest; Manitoulin Island, while not officially designated as a French language service area, effectively functions as one anyway since it receives most provincial government services from the designated Sudbury District seat in <a href="/wiki/Espanola,_Ontario" title="Espanola, Ontario">Espanola</a> rather than functioning as its own jurisdictional area. </p><p>The government of Canada provides French and English equally in all matters. In 2011, 10.2% of people in Northern Ontario spoke French most often at home, mostly in Northeastern Ontario. </p><p>The 2016 Canadian Census found that the population of Northern Ontario was 780,140. During the Canada 2011 Census, data was not included from 17 incompletely enumerated Indian Reserves across the region. Four reserves were not counted due to permission not being given, and another 13 in Northwestern Ontario were not counted due to evacuations caused by forest fires. The census was later adjusted with the figures for these reserves showing a total population of 11,435. The median age for Northern Ontario in 2011 was 43.9. There were 43,670 immigrants in 2011, representing 5.8% of the population, down from 6.8% in 2006. </p><p>The region also has a significant <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> population, primarily of the <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojibwe people">Ojibwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oji-Cree" title="Oji-Cree">Oji-Cree</a> nations, with smaller communities of <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_First_Nation" title="Nipissing First Nation">Nipissing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algonquin_people" title="Algonquin people">Algonquin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odawa_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Odawa people">Odawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saulteaux" title="Saulteaux">Saulteaux</a>. </p><p>In 2016, Northwestern Ontario was 71% white, 26.2% indigenous and 2.8% visible minorities. The largest visible minority groups in the region were South Asian (0.5%), Black (0.4%), Chinese (0.4%), Filipino (0.4%) and Southeast Asian (0.3%)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Northeastern Ontario was 82.5% white, 15% indigenous and 2.5% visible minorities. The largest visible minority groups were South Asian (0.6%), Black (0.6%) and Chinese (0.4%).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2001 census showed <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> as the most commonly practiced religion in Northern Ontario (50.8%). The <a href="/wiki/Precious_Blood_Cathedral" title="Precious Blood Cathedral">Precious Blood Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie,_Ontario" title="Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario">Sault Ste. Marie</a> is the official <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a>. However, the <a href="/wiki/Pro-Cathedral_of_the_Assumption" title="Pro-Cathedral of the Assumption">Pro-Cathedral of the Assumption</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Bay,_Ontario" title="North Bay, Ontario">North Bay</a> acts as the unofficial <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_see" title="Episcopal see">Episcopal See</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Sault_Sainte_Marie,_Ontario" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie, Ontario">Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie</a>.   </p><p>The languages that had at least 1,000 native speakers (single mother-tongue response) in Northern Ontario in 2006 were: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th> </th> <th>2011 </th> <th>% </th> <th>2006 </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>1. </td> <td><b>English</b> </td> <td>533,980 </td> <td>73.94% </td> <td>525,230 </td> <td>70.98% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. </td> <td><b>French</b> </td> <td>125,675 </td> <td>17.40% </td> <td>131,450 </td> <td>17.76% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. </td> <td>Italian </td> <td>11,245 </td> <td>1.56% </td> <td>14,560 </td> <td>1.97% </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. </td> <td>Ojibwe </td> <td>10,570 </td> <td>1.46% </td> <td>10,655 </td> <td>1.44% </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. </td> <td>Oji-Cree </td> <td>6,325 </td> <td>0.88% </td> <td>6,120 </td> <td>0.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. </td> <td>Finnish </td> <td>5,615 </td> <td>0.78% </td> <td>7,130 </td> <td>0.96% </td></tr> <tr> <td>7. </td> <td>German </td> <td>5,125 </td> <td>0.71% </td> <td>6,275 </td> <td>0.85% </td></tr> <tr> <td>8. </td> <td>Cree </td> <td>3,485 </td> <td>0.48% </td> <td>3,150 </td> <td>0.43% </td></tr> <tr> <td>9. </td> <td>Polish </td> <td>2,700 </td> <td>0.37% </td> <td>3,655 </td> <td>0.49% </td></tr> <tr> <td>10. </td> <td>Ukrainian </td> <td>2,475 </td> <td>0.34% </td> <td>3,950 </td> <td>0.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td>11. </td> <td>Chinese </td> <td>1,620 </td> <td>0.22% </td> <td>1,945 </td> <td>0.26% </td></tr> <tr> <td>12. </td> <td>Dutch </td> <td>1,400 </td> <td>0.19% </td> <td>1,790 </td> <td>0.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td>13. </td> <td>Spanish </td> <td>1,140 </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td>1,035 </td> <td>0.14% </td></tr> <tr> <td>14. </td> <td>Portuguese </td> <td>1,100 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>1,395 </td> <td>0.19% </td></tr> <tr> <td>15. </td> <td>Croatian </td> <td>945 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>1,160 </td> <td>0.16% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" align="left"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#CCCCCC"> <th>Ethnic Origin (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Percent </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="English Canadian">Canadian</a> </td> <td>287,835 </td> <td>36.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> </td> <td>204,775 </td> <td>26.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> </td> <td>185,075 </td> <td>23.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> </td> <td>142,055 </td> <td>18.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> </td> <td>138,470 </td> <td>17.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> </td> <td>104,945 </td> <td>13.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> </td> <td>74,195 </td> <td>9.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a> </td> <td>62,405 </td> <td>8.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainian</a> </td> <td>42,795 </td> <td>5.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis_people_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Métis people (Canada)">Métis</a> </td> <td>37,290 </td> <td>4.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finnish</a> </td> <td>33,490 </td> <td>4.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a> </td> <td>28,160 </td> <td>3.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch (Netherlands)</a> </td> <td>23,340 </td> <td>3.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedes" title="Swedes">Swedish</a> </td> <td>15,905 </td> <td>2.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British Isles, n.i.e.</a> </td> <td>13,340 </td> <td>1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a> </td> <td>11,145 </td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegians" title="Norwegians">Norwegian</a> </td> <td>10,075 </td> <td>1.3% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Religion in Northern Ontario at the 2001 census </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Religion </th> <th>People </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b></td> <td><b>729,210</b></td> <td><b>100</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Catholic</td> <td>370,305</td> <td>50.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Protestant</td> <td>241,145</td> <td>33.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>No Religion</td> <td>95,610</td> <td>13.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Christians</td> <td>11,825</td> <td>1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other Religions*</td> <td>3,540</td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Christian Orthodox</td> <td>3,425</td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Muslim</td> <td>990</td> <td>0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buddhist</td> <td>820</td> <td>0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hindu</td> <td>535</td> <td>0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jewish</td> <td>505</td> <td>0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eastern Religions</td> <td>455</td> <td>0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sikh</td> <td>65</td> <td>0.0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Note: Other religions mostly native spirituality </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p>Out-migration from Northern Ontario especially of young and working-age adults, either intraprovincially to Southern Ontario or <a href="/wiki/Interprovincial_migration_in_Canada" title="Interprovincial migration in Canada">interprovincially</a> especially to <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a>, has been a prominent public issue since the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fiction_set_in_Northern_Ontario">Fiction set in Northern Ontario</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fiction set in Northern Ontario"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Novels">Novels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Novels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Shut Up and Eat Your Snowshoes</i> (1970), by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Douglas_(writer)" title="Jack Douglas (writer)">Jack Douglas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surfacing_(novel)" title="Surfacing (novel)">Surfacing</a></i> (1972), by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Atwood" title="Margaret Atwood">Margaret Atwood</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bear_(novel)" title="Bear (novel)">Bear</a></i> (1976), by <a href="/wiki/Marian_Engel" title="Marian Engel">Marian Engel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Vengeance_de_l%27orignal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Vengeance de l'orignal (page does not exist)">La Vengeance de l'orignal</a></i> (1980), by <a href="/wiki/Doric_Germain" title="Doric Germain">Doric Germain</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Trappeur_du_Kabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Trappeur du Kabi (page does not exist)">Le Trappeur du Kabi</a></i> (1981), by <a href="/wiki/Doric_Germain" title="Doric Germain">Doric Germain</a></li> <li><i>Loon</i> (1992) and <i>Freddy Dimwhistle's Northcountry Sketchbook</i> (1997), by A. W. (Bill) Plumstead</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logan_in_Overtime" title="Logan in Overtime">Logan in Overtime</a></i> (1990), by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Quarrington" title="Paul Quarrington">Paul Quarrington</a></li> <li><i>Bastion Falls</i> (1995), by <a href="/wiki/Susie_Moloney" title="Susie Moloney">Susie Moloney</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Great_Mischief" title="No Great Mischief">No Great Mischief</a></i> (1999), by <a href="/wiki/Alistair_MacLeod" title="Alistair MacLeod">Alistair MacLeod</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forty_Words_for_Sorrow" title="Forty Words for Sorrow">Forty Words for Sorrow</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Delicate_Storm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Delicate Storm (page does not exist)">The Delicate Storm</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackfly_Season&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackfly Season (page does not exist)">Blackfly Season</a></i>, and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=By_the_Time_You_Read_This&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="By the Time You Read This (page does not exist)">By the Time You Read This</a></i> (2000–2006), by <a href="/wiki/Giles_Blunt" title="Giles Blunt">Giles Blunt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crow_Lake_(novel)" title="Crow Lake (novel)">Crow Lake</a></i> (2002) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Side_of_the_Bridge" title="The Other Side of the Bridge">The Other Side of the Bridge</a></i> (2006), by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Lawson_(novelist)" title="Mary Lawson (novelist)">Mary Lawson</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Neanderthal_Parallax" title="The Neanderthal Parallax">The Neanderthal Parallax</a></i> (2002–2003), trilogy by <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Sawyer" title="Robert J. Sawyer">Robert J. Sawyer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Day_Road" title="Three Day Road">Three Day Road</a></i> (2005), by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Boyden" title="Joseph Boyden">Joseph Boyden</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Someone_Comes_to_Town,_Someone_Leaves_Town" title="Someone Comes to Town, Someone Leaves Town">Someone Comes to Town, Someone Leaves Town</a></i> (2005), by <a href="/wiki/Cory_Doctorow" title="Cory Doctorow">Cory Doctorow</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyageurs_(novel)" title="Voyageurs (novel)">Voyageurs</a></i> (2003), by <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Elphinstone" title="Margaret Elphinstone">Margaret Elphinstone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Horse" title="Indian Horse">Indian Horse</a></i> (2012), by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagamese" title="Richard Wagamese">Richard Wagamese</a></li> <li><i>The City Still Breathing</i> (2013), by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heiti" title="Matthew Heiti">Matthew Heiti</a></li> <li><i>We're All in This Together</i> (2017), by <a href="/wiki/Amy_Jones_(writer)" title="Amy Jones (writer)">Amy Jones</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moon_of_the_Crusted_Snow" title="Moon of the Crusted Snow">Moon of the Crusted Snow</a></i> (2018), by <a href="/wiki/Waubgeshig_Rice" title="Waubgeshig Rice">Waubgeshig Rice</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plays">Plays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>1932, la ville du nickel</i> by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Dalp%C3%A9" title="Jean-Marc Dalpé">Jean-Marc Dalpé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Haentjens" title="Brigitte Haentjens">Brigitte Haentjens</a> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Chien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Chien (page does not exist)">Le Chien</a></i> by Jean-Marc Dalpé (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rez_Sisters" title="The Rez Sisters">The Rez Sisters</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Tomson_Highway" title="Tomson Highway">Tomson Highway</a> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dry_Lips_Oughta_Move_to_Kapuskasing" title="Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing">Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing</a></i> by Tomson Highway (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wildcat_(play)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wildcat (play) (page does not exist)">Wildcat</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Angus" title="Charlie Angus">Charlie Angus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brit_Griffin" title="Brit Griffin">Brit Griffin</a> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_(Post)_Mistress" title="The (Post) Mistress">The (Post) Mistress</a></i> by Tomson Highway (2009)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Captains_of_the_Clouds" title="Captains of the Clouds">Captains of the Clouds</a></i> - 1942</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Between_Friends_(1973_film)" title="Between Friends (1973 film)">Between Friends</a></i> - 1973</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roadkill_(1989_film)" title="Roadkill (1989 film)">Roadkill</a></i> - 1989</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Termini_Station_(film)" title="Termini Station (film)">Termini Station</a></i> - 1989</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Highway_61_(film)" title="Highway 61 (film)">Highway 61</a></i> - 1991</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_Me_Outside" title="Dance Me Outside">Dance Me Outside</a></i> - 1994</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mum%27s_the_Word_(film)" title="Mum's the Word (film)">Mum's the Word</a> (Maman et Ève)</i> - 1996</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Men_with_Brooms" title="Men with Brooms">Men with Brooms</a></i> - 2002</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Looking_for_Angelina" title="Looking for Angelina">Looking for Angelina</a></i> - 2002</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phil_the_Alien" title="Phil the Alien">Phil the Alien</a></i> - 2003</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shania:_A_Life_in_Eight_Albums" title="Shania: A Life in Eight Albums">Shania: A Life in Eight Albums</a></i> - 2005</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/That_Beautiful_Somewhere" title="That Beautiful Somewhere">That Beautiful Somewhere</a></i> - 2006</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snow_Cake" title="Snow Cake">Snow Cake</a></i> - 2006</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Giant_(film)" title="Sleeping Giant (film)">Sleeping Giant</a></i> - 2015</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Horse_(film)" title="Indian Horse (film)">Indian Horse</a></i> - 2017</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Castle_in_the_Ground" title="Castle in the Ground">Castle in the Ground</a></i> - 2019</li></ul> <p>North Bay inventor <a href="/wiki/Troy_Hurtubise" title="Troy Hurtubise">Troy Hurtubise</a> was the subject of the <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Project_Grizzly_(film)" title="Project Grizzly (film)">Project Grizzly</a></i> (1996). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_series">Television series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Television series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Forest_Rangers_(TV_series)" title="The Forest Rangers (TV series)">The Forest Rangers</a></i> (1963–1965, <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Rainbow_Country" title="Adventures in Rainbow Country">Adventures in Rainbow Country</a></i> (filmed 1969, first aired 1970–1971, CBC)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Bay" title="Spirit Bay">Spirit Bay</a></i> (1984–1987, CBC)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rez" title="The Rez">The Rez</a></i> (1995–1998, CBC)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wind_at_My_Back" title="Wind at My Back">Wind at My Back</a></i> (1996–2001, CBC)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Total_Drama_Island" title="Total Drama Island">Total Drama Island</a></i> (2007–2008, <a href="/wiki/Teletoon_(Canadian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teletoon (Canadian TV channel)">Teletoon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o%2B" title="Météo+">Météo+</a></i> (2008–2011, <a href="/wiki/TFO" title="TFO">TFO</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Bleus_de_Ramville" title="Les Bleus de Ramville">Les Bleus de Ramville</a></i> (2012–2014, TFO)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Rock_Medical" title="Hard Rock Medical">Hard Rock Medical</a></i> (2013–2018, <a href="/wiki/TVOntario" class="mw-redirect" title="TVOntario">TVOntario</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Nickel" title="St. Nickel">St. Nickel</a></i> (2016, <a href="/wiki/Unis_(TV_channel)" title="Unis (TV channel)">Unis</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(TV_series)" title="Cardinal (TV series)">Cardinal</a></i> (2017–2020, <a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_Would_Sal_Do%3F" title="What Would Sal Do?">What Would Sal Do?</a></i> (2017, <a href="/wiki/HBO_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="HBO Canada">HBO Canada</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoresy" title="Shoresy">Shoresy</a></i> (2022–, <a href="/wiki/Crave_(streaming_service)" title="Crave (streaming service)">Crave</a>)</li></ul> <p>Television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Green_Show" title="The Red Green Show">The Red Green Show</a></i> (1991–2005) and its spinoff theatrical film <i><a href="/wiki/Duct_Tape_Forever" title="Duct Tape Forever">Duct Tape Forever</a></i> (2002) are set in the fictional town of <a href="/wiki/Possum_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Possum Lake">Possum Lake</a>. The animated sitcom <i><a href="/wiki/Chilly_Beach" title="Chilly Beach">Chilly Beach</a></i> (2003–2008, <a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC</a>), set in a fictional town of unspecified location in Northern Canada, was produced in Sudbury. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comics">Comics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the comic strip <i><a href="/wiki/For_Better_or_For_Worse" title="For Better or For Worse">For Better or For Worse</a></i>, Elizabeth Patterson attended North Bay's <a href="/wiki/Nipissing_University" title="Nipissing University">Nipissing University</a>, and subsequently taught school in the fictional <a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">reserve</a> of Mtigwaki on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Nipigon" title="Lake Nipigon">Lake Nipigon</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Johnston" title="Lynn Johnston">Lynn Johnston</a>, the strip's cartoonist, lives in <a href="/wiki/Corbeil,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Corbeil, Ontario">Corbeil</a>, near North Bay in real life, although the strip is set primarily in Southern Ontario. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Ontario#Northern_Ontario" title="Bibliography of Ontario">Bibliography of Ontario § Northern Ontario</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOntario" class="citation web cs1">Ontario, Government of. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.placestogrow.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=368&Itemid=65#10">"Places to Grow - Growth Plan for Northern Ontario Text"</a>. <i>www.placestogrow.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028201124/https://www.placestogrow.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=368&Itemid=65#10">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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September 9, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernontariobusiness.com/Regional-News/sault-ste-marie/2014/04/Sault-microbrewery-offering-alternative-to-mainstream.aspx">"Sault microbrewery offering alternative to mainstream"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140705120130/http://www.northernontariobusiness.com/Regional-News/sault-ste-marie/2014/04/Sault-microbrewery-offering-alternative-to-mainstream.aspx">Archived</a> 2014-07-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ontario Business">Northern Ontario Business</a></i>, April 2, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chroniclejournal.com/news/local/ale-earns-medal-for-city-brewery/article_06018f10-0ff4-11e5-b01f-730dd53a187e.html">"Ale earns medal for city brewery"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chronicle-Journal" title="The Chronicle-Journal">The Chronicle-Journal</a></i>, June 11, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150719102813/http://www.kenoradailyminerandnews.com/2015/03/26/brewco-launches-online-funding-campaign-to-finance-cannery">"Brewco launches online funding campaign to finance cannery"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kenora_Daily_Miner_and_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenora Daily Miner and News">Kenora Daily Miner and News</a></i>, March 26, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernontariobusiness.com/Regional-News/Elliot-and-Northshore/2015/08/Manitoulin-Brewing-Co--introduces-first-beer.aspx">"Manitoulin Brewing Co. introduces first beer"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160801134550/http://www.northernontariobusiness.com/Regional-News/Elliot-and-Northshore/2015/08/Manitoulin-Brewing-Co--introduces-first-beer.aspx">Archived</a> 2016-08-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ontario_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Ontario Business">Northern Ontario Business</a></i>, July 30, 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/thunder-bay/craft-breweries-northwestern-ontario-drink-beer-day-1.3781390">"What's on tap this fall for northwestern Ontario's craft breweries?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC.ca" title="CBC.ca">CBC.ca</a></i>, September 28, 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Autio, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timminstoday.com/local-news/big-year-for-local-beer-701645">"Big year for local beer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Village_Media" title="Village Media">Timmins Today</a></i>, August 23, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tsn.ca/curling/story/?id=313642">"Northern Ontario defends "province" status at the Brier"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714152924/http://www.tsn.ca/curling/story/?id=313642">Archived</a> 2014-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Sports_Network" title="The Sports Network">The Sports Network</a>, March 12, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=ER&Code1=3595&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=Northwest&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0">"Census Profile, 2016 Census Northwest [Economic region], Ontario"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>. 8 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2016+Census+Northwest+%5BEconomic+region%5D%2C+Ontario&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DER%26Code1%3D3595%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D35%26SearchText%3DNorthwest%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26TABID%3D1%26type%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Ontario" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?B1=All&Code1=3590&Code2=35&Data=Count&Geo1=ER&Geo2=PR&Lang=E&SearchPR=01&SearchText=Northeast&SearchType=Begins&TABID=1">"Census Profile, 2016 Census Northeast [Economic region]"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>. 8 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2016+Census+Northeast+%5BEconomic+region%5D&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FB1%3DAll%26Code1%3D3590%26Code2%3D35%26Data%3DCount%26Geo1%3DER%26Geo2%3DPR%26Lang%3DE%26SearchPR%3D01%26SearchText%3DNortheast%26SearchType%3DBegins%26TABID%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Ontario" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2017" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2017-02-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=ER&Code1=3590&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=Northeast&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0">"Census Profile, 2016 Census Northeast [Economic region], Ontario and Ontario [Province]"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2016+Census+Northeast+%5BEconomic+region%5D%2C+Ontario+and+Ontario+%5BProvince%5D&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DER%26Code1%3D3590%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D35%26SearchText%3DNortheast%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26TABID%3D1%26type%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Ontario" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2017" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2017-02-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=ER&Code1=3595&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=Northwest&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0">"Census Profile, 2016 Census - Northwest [Economic region], Ontario and Ontario [Province]"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2016+Census+-+Northwest+%5BEconomic+region%5D%2C+Ontario+and+Ontario+%5BProvince%5D&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DER%26Code1%3D3595%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D35%26SearchText%3DNorthwest%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26TABID%3D1%26type%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Ontario" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2017" class="citation news cs1">White, Erik (4 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/census-age-youth-out-migration-northern-ontario-1.4098773">"Youth out migration a problem in northern Ontario towns, cities and First Nations"</a>. <i>CBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Youth+out+migration+a+problem+in+northern+Ontario+towns%2C+cities+and+First+Nations&rft.date=2017-05-04&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fsudbury%2Fcensus-age-youth-out-migration-northern-ontario-1.4098773&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthern+Ontario" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ontario&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Northern_Ontario#Q2066392" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Northern Ontario">Northern Ontario</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328234627/http://www.mndmf.gov.on.ca/northern_development/documents/northern_ontario_e.pdf">Northern Ontario Overview</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.laurentian.ca/jrp/nots/geobiome.htm">Physical Geography of Northern Ontario</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northernontario.travel">Northern Ontario Outdoor Adventure Travel Information</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Canada&#124;link=Canada_Northern_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #e8abab;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_Canada" title="Template:Northern Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northern_Canada" title="Template talk:Northern Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northern_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northern Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Canada&#124;link=Canada_Northern_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada#Territories" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Northwest_Territories.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yellowknife" title="Yellowknife">Yellowknife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_8" title="Treaty 8">Treaty 8</a> <small>(1899)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_11" title="Treaty 11">Treaty 11</a> <small>(1921)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuvialuit_Final_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuvialuit Final Agreement">Inuvialuit</a> <small>(1984)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwich%27in_Comprehensive_Land_Claim_Agreement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gwich'in Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement (page does not exist)">Gwich'in</a> <small>(1992)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahtu_Dene_and_Metis_Comprehensive_Land_Claim_Agreement" title="Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement">Sahtu</a> <small>(1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlicho_Agreement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tlicho Agreement (page does not exist)">Tłįchǫ</a> <small>(2003)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deh_Cho_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Deh Cho Region">Deh Cho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuvik_Region" title="Inuvik Region">Inuvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Slave_Region" title="North Slave Region">North Slave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahtu_Region" title="Sahtu Region">Sahtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Slave_Region" title="South Slave Region">South Slave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Nunavut.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nunavut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Nunavut.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nunavut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Nunavut.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nunavut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nunavut_Land_Claims_Agreement" title="Nunavut Land Claims Agreement">Nunavut Land Claims Agreement</a> <small>(1993)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitikmeot_Region" title="Kitikmeot Region">Kitikmeot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivalliq_Region" title="Kivalliq Region">Kivalliq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qikiqtaaluk_Region" title="Qikiqtaaluk Region">Qikiqtaaluk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Yukon.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yukon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Whitehorse" title="Whitehorse">Whitehorse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_Land_Claims" title="Yukon Land Claims">Yukon Land Claims</a> <small>(1990-ongoing)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other northern regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Valley-Goose_Bay" title="Happy Valley-Goose Bay">Happy Valley-Goose Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador_West" title="Labrador West">Labrador West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nunatsiavut" title="Nunatsiavut">Nunatsiavut</a> <small>(2005)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alberta" title="Northern Alberta">Northern Alberta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_McMurray" title="Fort McMurray">Fort McMurray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Prairie" title="Grande Prairie">Grande Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Lake,_Alberta" title="Cold Lake, Alberta">Cold Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitecourt" title="Whitecourt">Whitecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_River,_Alberta" title="Peace River, Alberta">Peace River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Lake" title="Slave Lake">Slave Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_8" title="Treaty 8">Treaty 8</a> <small>(1899)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_British_Columbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern British Columbia (page does not exist)">Northern British Columbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_British_Columbia" title="Prince George, British Columbia">Prince George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_St._John,_British_Columbia" title="Fort St. John, British Columbia">Fort St. John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace,_British_Columbia" title="Terrace, British Columbia">Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert,_British_Columbia" title="Prince Rupert, British Columbia">Prince Rupert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawson_Creek" title="Dawson Creek">Dawson Creek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_8" title="Treaty 8">Treaty 8</a> <small>(1899)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Treaty_Process" title="British Columbia Treaty Process">British Columbia Treaty Process</a> <small>(1993-ongoing)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Manitoba" title="Northern Manitoba">Northern Manitoba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thompson,_Manitoba" title="Thompson, Manitoba">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pas" title="The Pas">The Pas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flin_Flon" title="Flin Flon">Flin Flon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway_House" title="Norway House">Norway House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill,_Manitoba" title="Churchill, Manitoba">Churchill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_5" title="Treaty 5">Treaty 5</a> <small>(1875, 1908)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Northern Ontario</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie,_Ontario" title="Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario">Sault Ste. Marie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay,_Ontario" title="North Bay, Ontario">North Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timmins" title="Timmins">Timmins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenora" title="Kenora">Kenora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Nipissing" title="West Nipissing">West Nipissing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Lake" title="Elliot Lake">Elliot Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Frances" title="Fort Frances">Fort Frances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapuskasing" title="Kapuskasing">Kapuskasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dryden,_Ontario" title="Dryden, Ontario">Dryden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_3" title="Treaty 3">Treaty 3</a> <small>(1873)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_9" title="Treaty 9">Treaty 9</a> <small>(1905-06, 1929-30)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Quebec" title="Northern Quebec">Northern Quebec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chibougamau" title="Chibougamau">Chibougamau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chisasibi" title="Chisasibi">Chisasibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuujjuaq" title="Kuujjuaq">Kuujjuaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Bay_and_Northern_Quebec_Agreement" title="James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement">James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement</a> <small>(1975)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nunavik" title="Nunavik">Nunavik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eeyou_Istchee" title="Eeyou Istchee">Eeyou Istchee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Saskatchewan">Northern Saskatchewan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Ronge" title="La Ronge">La Ronge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Loche" title="La Loche">La Loche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_6" title="Treaty 6">Treaty 6</a> <small>(1889)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_8" title="Treaty 8">Treaty 8</a> <small>(1899)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_10" title="Treaty 10">Treaty 10</a> <small>(1906)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subdivisions_of_Ontario" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_Ontario" title="Template:Subdivisions of Ontario"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_Ontario" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of Ontario"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_Ontario" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions of Ontario"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_Ontario" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Subdivisions of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census_divisions_of_Ontario#Counties" class="mw-redirect" title="Census divisions of Ontario">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_County" title="Bruce County">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufferin_County" title="Dufferin County">Dufferin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_County" title="Elgin County">Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Ontario" title="Essex County, Ontario">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontenac_County" title="Frontenac County">Frontenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_County" title="Grey County">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haliburton_County" title="Haliburton County">Haliburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_County" title="Hastings County">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huron_County,_Ontario" title="Huron County, Ontario">Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambton_County" title="Lambton County">Lambton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanark_County" title="Lanark County">Lanark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Counties_of_Leeds_and_Grenville" title="United Counties of Leeds and Grenville">Leeds and Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennox_and_Addington_County" title="Lennox and Addington County">Lennox and Addington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Ontario" title="Middlesex County, Ontario">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County,_Ontario" title="Northumberland County, Ontario">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_County,_Ontario" title="Perth County, Ontario">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_County" title="Peterborough County">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Counties_of_Prescott_and_Russell" title="United Counties of Prescott and Russell">Prescott and Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renfrew_County" title="Renfrew County">Renfrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simcoe_County" title="Simcoe County">Simcoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Counties_of_Stormont,_Dundas_and_Glengarry" title="United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry">Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_County,_Ontario" title="Wellington County, Ontario">Wellington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census_divisions_of_Ontario#Districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Census divisions of Ontario">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algoma_District" title="Algoma District">Algoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochrane_District" title="Cochrane District">Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenora_District" title="Kenora District">Kenora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitoulin_District" title="Manitoulin District">Manitoulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipissing_District" title="Nipissing District">Nipissing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parry_Sound_District" title="Parry Sound District">Parry Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainy_River_District" title="Rainy River District">Rainy River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_District" title="Sudbury District">Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_District" title="Thunder Bay District">Thunder Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timiskaming_District" title="Timiskaming District">Timiskaming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Census_divisions_of_Ontario#Regional_municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Census divisions of Ontario">Regional municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Durham" title="Regional Municipality of Durham">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Halton" title="Regional Municipality of Halton">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Municipality_of_Muskoka" title="District Municipality of Muskoka">Muskoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Niagara" title="Regional Municipality of Niagara">Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_County,_Ontario" title="Oxford County, Ontario">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Peel" title="Regional Municipality of Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_Waterloo" title="Regional Municipality of Waterloo">Waterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Municipality_of_York" title="Regional Municipality of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ontario#Single-tier_municipalities" title="List of municipalities in Ontario">Single-tier municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Brant" title="County of Brant">Brant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantford" title="Brantford">Brantford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatham-Kent" title="Chatham-Kent">Chatham-Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sudbury" title="Greater Sudbury">Greater Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haldimand_County" title="Haldimand County">Haldimand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawartha_Lakes" title="Kawartha Lakes">Kawartha Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County,_Ontario" title="Norfolk County, Ontario">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_County,_Ontario" title="Prince Edward County, Ontario">Prince Edward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ontario_separated_municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ontario separated municipalities">Separated municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belleville,_Ontario" title="Belleville, Ontario">Belleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brockville" title="Brockville">Brockville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall,_Ontario" title="Cornwall, Ontario">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gananoque" title="Gananoque">Gananoque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London,_Ontario" title="London, Ontario">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orillia" title="Orillia">Orillia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke,_Ontario" title="Pembroke, Ontario">Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescott,_Ontario" title="Prescott, Ontario">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinte_West" title="Quinte West">Quinte West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smiths_Falls" title="Smiths Falls">Smiths Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Marys,_Ontario" title="St. Marys, Ontario">St. Marys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Thomas,_Ontario" title="St. Thomas, Ontario">St. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratford,_Ontario" title="Stratford, Ontario">Stratford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ontario" title="Southern Ontario">Southern Ontario</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Ontario" title="Central Ontario">Central Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ontario" title="Eastern Ontario">Eastern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Ontario" title="Southwestern Ontario">Southwestern Ontario</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Northern Ontario</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Ontario" title="Northeastern Ontario">Northeastern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Ontario" title="Northwestern Ontario">Northwestern Ontario</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Ontario" title="List of communities in Ontario">Ontario communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Ontario" title="List of municipalities in Ontario">Ontario municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ontario_electoral_districts" title="Category:Ontario electoral districts">Ontario electoral districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_counties_of_Ontario" title="Former counties of Ontario">Former counties of Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ontario" title="Geography of Ontario">Geography of Ontario</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Ontario.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ontario.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" 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