CINXE.COM

Table of contents | Thorax

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" version="HTML+RDFa+MathML 1.1" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#" xmlns:sioc="http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#" xmlns:sioct="http://rdfs.org/sioc/types#" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab"> <!--[if IE]><![endif]--> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/themes/bmjj/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];window.dataLayer.push({"page":{"hwTitle":"Thorax: 79 (10)","hwUrl":"https://thorax.bmj.com/content/79/10","hwPath":"/content/79/10","hwType":"toc page"},"user":{"hwMemberID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitution":"","hwAccessUsageTerms":"guest","hwRegisteredUser":"no","hwHasFullTextAccess":"no","hwEntitled":"no","mail":"e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855"},"content":{"hwIssueDate":"2024-10-01","hwIssueDateTime":"2024-10-01 00:00:00","hwPublicationDate":"2024-09-18","hwPublicationDateTime":"2024-09-18 06:16:14","hwDOI":"","hwAuthors":"","hwContributors":"","hwIsEarlyRelease":"no","hwEissn":"1468-3296","hwPissn":"0040-6376","hwVolume":"79","hwIssue":"10","hwArticleType":"","hwTabView":"main_tab","hwViewType":"","hwAccessType":"Paywall","hwOpenAccess":"no","hwFreeAccess":"no","hwTaxonomy":"","hwCorpusCode":"thoraxjnl","hwType":"issue","hwSubtitle":null,"hwOverline":"","hwPisaId":"thoraxjnl;79/10","hwFirstPage":"895","hwLastPage":"998","hwIsLatestVersion":"na","hwIsCurrentIssue":"no","hwIsOpenIssue":"no","hwHasFullText":"no","hwHasPDF":"no","hwParentTitle":"79","hwElectronicPubDate":"2024-09-18","hwElectronicPubDateTime":"2024-09-18 06:16:14"}}); //--><!]]></script> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://thorax.bmj.com/content/79/10" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" title="Table of Contents (PDF)" href="/content/79/10.toc.pdf" /> <meta name="issue_cover_image" content="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/highwire/thoraxjnl/79/10.cover-source.jpg" /> <meta name="type" content="issue" /> <meta name="HW.identifier" content="/thoraxjnl/79/10.atom" /> <meta name="HW.pisa" content="thoraxjnl;79/10" /> <meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" /> <meta name="DC.Language" content="en" /> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Thorax: 79 (10)" /> <meta name="DC.Date" content="2024-10-01" /> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="BMJ Publishing Group Ltd" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Thorax" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="BMJ Publishing Group Ltd" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Thorax: 79 (10)" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/10/01" /> <meta name="citation_mjid" content="thoraxjnl;79/10" /> <meta name="citation_id" content="79/10" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="0040-6376" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1468-3296" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="79" /> <meta name="citation_issue" content="10" /> <meta name="citation_image" content="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/highwire/thoraxjnl/79/10.cover-source.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Thorax: 79 (10)" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/highwire/thoraxjnl/79/10.cover-source.jpg" /> <meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Thorax: 79 (10)" /> <meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="https://thorax.bmj.com/content/79/10" /> <meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="Thorax" /> <meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="" /> <meta name="og-image" property="og:image" content="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/highwire/thoraxjnl/79/10.cover-source.jpg" /> <title>Table of contents | Thorax</title> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__0V7Hvmb6rgtqh5pdWNdNSj7Ua6iPkqk1uaD83c5kdmE__uexb9_etDZf0p-gcaTUJKiHNlUaOFw3-n2A5CVnuSa0__mHBDgksHJATS8vIIMdqaUxn96yi0uOdaqCOatmWfAEo.css" media="all" /> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice start --> <script src="https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="565e50dd-f6e9-46d6-91cd-5c40a270264f"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OnetrustAdsConsent(){ if(googletag.apiReady){ //console.log("GoogleTag API ready") googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); if(OptanonActiveGroups.match(/,4,/)){ googletag.pubads().setRequestNonPersonalizedAds(0); //googletag.pubads().refresh(); } else{ googletag.pubads().setRequestNonPersonalizedAds(1); googletag.pubads().refresh(); } } else{ OnetrustAdsConsent(); } } function OptanonWrapper() { OnetrustAdsConsent(); } </script> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice end --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__DdxPgqGimsdUot2QWNz_pGsHzqNGpx6RMCWHpL8YWkg__c6zfK6oHHbLpTal5PdQxeQI3xGoCM8IXWtEHwIZr560__mHBDgksHJATS8vIIMdqaUxn96yi0uOdaqCOatmWfAEo.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__5zaFzZFW0O1d7REU7G-YUUyGW1m0t2iN5dfB7XKUN_8__-mp2DLpsNGHDqFqVLRefdY9B7FDUylXh4k_LIAv1Npo__mHBDgksHJATS8vIIMdqaUxn96yi0uOdaqCOatmWfAEo.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" async="async" src="//cdn.foxycart.com/bmjpg.ecommerce.highwire.org/loader.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- /*! * yepnope1.5.4 * (c) WTFPL, GPLv2 */ (function(a,b,c){function d(a){return"[object Function]"==o.call(a)}function e(a){return"string"==typeof a}function f(){}function g(a){return!a||"loaded"==a||"complete"==a||"uninitialized"==a}function h(){var a=p.shift();q=1,a?a.t?m(function(){("c"==a.t?B.injectCss:B.injectJs)(a.s,0,a.a,a.x,a.e,1)},0):(a(),h()):q=0}function i(a,c,d,e,f,i,j){function k(b){if(!o&&g(l.readyState)&&(u.r=o=1,!q&&h(),l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=null,b)){"img"!=a&&m(function(){t.removeChild(l)},50);for(var d in y[c])y[c].hasOwnProperty(d)&&y[c][d].onload()}}var j=j||B.errorTimeout,l=b.createElement(a),o=0,r=0,u={t:d,s:c,e:f,a:i,x:j};1===y[c]&&(r=1,y[c]=[]),"object"==a?l.data=c:(l.src=c,l.type=a),l.width=l.height="0",l.onerror=l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=function(){k.call(this,r)},p.splice(e,0,u),"img"!=a&&(r||2===y[c]?(t.insertBefore(l,s?null:n),m(k,j)):y[c].push(l))}function j(a,b,c,d,f){return q=0,b=b||"j",e(a)?i("c"==b?v:u,a,b,this.i++,c,d,f):(p.splice(this.i++,0,a),1==p.length&&h()),this}function k(){var a=B;return a.loader={load:j,i:0},a}var l=b.documentElement,m=a.setTimeout,n=b.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o={}.toString,p=[],q=0,r="MozAppearance"in l.style,s=r&&!!b.createRange().compareNode,t=s?l:n.parentNode,l=a.opera&&"[object Opera]"==o.call(a.opera),l=!!b.attachEvent&&!l,u=r?"object":l?"script":"img",v=l?"script":u,w=Array.isArray||function(a){return"[object Array]"==o.call(a)},x=[],y={},z={timeout:function(a,b){return b.length&&(a.timeout=b[0]),a}},A,B;B=function(a){function b(a){var a=a.split("!"),b=x.length,c=a.pop(),d=a.length,c={url:c,origUrl:c,prefixes:a},e,f,g;for(f=0;f<d;f++)g=a[f].split("="),(e=z[g.shift()])&&(c=e(c,g));for(f=0;f<b;f++)c=x[f](c);return c}function g(a,e,f,g,h){var i=b(a),j=i.autoCallback;i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift(),i.bypass||(e&&(e=d(e)?e:e[a]||e[g]||e[a.split("/").pop().split("?")[0]]),i.instead?i.instead(a,e,f,g,h):(y[i.url]?i.noexec=!0:y[i.url]=1,f.load(i.url,i.forceCSS||!i.forceJS&&"css"==i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift()?"c":c,i.noexec,i.attrs,i.timeout),(d(e)||d(j))&&f.load(function(){k(),e&&e(i.origUrl,h,g),j&&j(i.origUrl,h,g),y[i.url]=2})))}function h(a,b){function c(a,c){if(a){if(e(a))c||(j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}),g(a,j,b,0,h);else if(Object(a)===a)for(n in m=function(){var b=0,c;for(c in a)a.hasOwnProperty(c)&&b++;return b}(),a)a.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(!c&&!--m&&(d(j)?j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}:j[n]=function(a){return function(){var b=[].slice.call(arguments);a&&a.apply(this,b),l()}}(k[n])),g(a[n],j,b,n,h))}else!c&&l()}var h=!!a.test,i=a.load||a.both,j=a.callback||f,k=j,l=a.complete||f,m,n;c(h?a.yep:a.nope,!!i),i&&c(i)}var i,j,l=this.yepnope.loader;if(e(a))g(a,0,l,0);else if(w(a))for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)j=a[i],e(j)?g(j,0,l,0):w(j)?B(j):Object(j)===j&&h(j,l);else Object(a)===a&&h(a,l)},B.addPrefix=function(a,b){z[a]=b},B.addFilter=function(a){x.push(a)},B.errorTimeout=1e4,null==b.readyState&&b.addEventListener&&(b.readyState="loading",b.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A=function(){b.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A,0),b.readyState="complete"},0)),a.yepnope=k(),a.yepnope.executeStack=h,a.yepnope.injectJs=function(a,c,d,e,i,j){var k=b.createElement("script"),l,o,e=e||B.errorTimeout;k.src=a;for(o in d)k.setAttribute(o,d[o]);c=j?h:c||f,k.onreadystatechange=k.onload=function(){!l&&g(k.readyState)&&(l=1,c(),k.onload=k.onreadystatechange=null)},m(function(){l||(l=1,c(1))},e),i?k.onload():n.parentNode.insertBefore(k,n)},a.yepnope.injectCss=function(a,c,d,e,g,i){var e=b.createElement("link"),j,c=i?h:c||f;e.href=a,e.rel="stylesheet",e.type="text/css";for(j in d)e.setAttribute(j,d[j]);g||(n.parentNode.insertBefore(e,n),m(c,0))}})(this,document); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- yepnope({ test: Modernizr.matchmedia, nope: '/sites/all/libraries/media-match/media.match.min.js' }); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- ;var googletag=googletag||{};googletag.cmd=googletag.cmd||[];googletag.slots=googletag.slots||{}; //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- googletag.slots["top"] = googletag.defineSlot("/21798771943/THORAX-TOP", [[970, 250], [900, 250], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]], "dfp-ad-top") .addService(googletag.pubads()); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- googletag.slots["bottom"] = googletag.defineSlot("/21798771943/THORAX-BOTTOM", [[970, 250], [900, 250], [728, 90], [468, 60], [320, 100], [320, 50]], "dfp-ad-bottom") .addService(googletag.pubads()); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering(); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded", function (event) { if (event.isEmpty) { var id = event.slot.getSlotElementId(); var x = document.getElementById(id); if (x.parentElement.classList.contains("dfp-tag-wrapper")) { x.parentElement.style.display = "none"; } } }); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("url", "/content/79/10"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwTitle", "Thorax: 79 (10)"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwUrl", "https://thorax.bmj.com/content/79/10"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwPath", "/content/79/10"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwType", "toc page"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwAccessUsageTerms", "guest"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwRegisteredUser", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwHasFullTextAccess", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwEntitled", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssueDate", "2024-10-01"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssueDateTime", "2024-10-01 00:00:00"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPublicationDate", "2024-09-18"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPublicationDateTime", "2024-09-18 06:16:14"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsEarlyRelease", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwEissn", "1468-3296"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPissn", "0040-6376"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwVolume", "79"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssue", "10"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwTabView", "main_tab"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwAccessType", "Paywall"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwOpenAccess", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwFreeAccess", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwCorpusCode", "thoraxjnl"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwType", "issue"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPisaId", "thoraxjnl;79/10"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwFirstPage", "895"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwLastPage", "998"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsLatestVersion", "na"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsCurrentIssue", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsOpenIssue", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwHasFullText", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwHasPDF", "no"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwParentTitle", "79"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwElectronicPubDate", "2024-09-18"); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwElectronicPubDateTime", "2024-09-18 06:16:14"); }); googletag.enableServices(); //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"bmjj","theme_token":"fu6WkEh6_IQ4NId9GbLv4K9YUNxG0L28ATb8yfJQTrA"},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px"},"highwire":{"nid":"211360","apath":"\/thoraxjnl\/79\/10.atom","pisa":"thoraxjnl;79\/10","ac":{"\/thoraxjnl\/79\/10.atom":{"access":{"toc":true},"pisa_id":"","apath":"\/thoraxjnl\/79\/10.atom","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/895":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/895","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/897":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/897","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/899":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/899","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/901":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/901","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/903":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/903","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/905":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/905","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/915":{"access":{"full":true},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/915","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/925":{"access":{"full":true},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/925","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/934":{"access":{"full":true},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/934","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/943":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/943","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/953":{"access":{"full":true},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/953","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/961":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/961","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/970":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/970","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/979":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/979","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/982":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/982","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/986":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/986","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/988":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/988","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"},"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/998":{"access":{"full":true},"pisa_id":"thoraxjnl;79\/10\/998","apath":"","jcode":"thoraxjnl"}},"markup":[{"requested":"toc","variant":"toc","view":"toc","pisa":"thoraxjnl;79\/10"}],"dataLayer":"{\u0022page\u0022:{\u0022hwTitle\u0022:\u0022Thorax: 79 (10)\u0022,\u0022hwUrl\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/thorax.bmj.com\\\/content\\\/79\\\/10\u0022,\u0022hwPath\u0022:\u0022\\\/content\\\/79\\\/10\u0022,\u0022hwType\u0022:\u0022toc page\u0022},\u0022user\u0022:{\u0022hwMemberID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitution\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwAccessUsageTerms\u0022:\u0022guest\u0022,\u0022hwRegisteredUser\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasFullTextAccess\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwEntitled\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022mail\u0022:\u0022e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855\u0022},\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022hwIssueDate\u0022:\u00222024-10-01\u0022,\u0022hwIssueDateTime\u0022:\u00222024-10-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022hwPublicationDate\u0022:\u00222024-09-18\u0022,\u0022hwPublicationDateTime\u0022:\u00222024-09-18 06:16:14\u0022,\u0022hwDOI\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwAuthors\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwContributors\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwIsEarlyRelease\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwEissn\u0022:\u00221468-3296\u0022,\u0022hwPissn\u0022:\u00220040-6376\u0022,\u0022hwVolume\u0022:\u002279\u0022,\u0022hwIssue\u0022:\u002210\u0022,\u0022hwArticleType\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwTabView\u0022:\u0022main_tab\u0022,\u0022hwViewType\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwAccessType\u0022:\u0022Paywall\u0022,\u0022hwOpenAccess\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwFreeAccess\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwTaxonomy\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwCorpusCode\u0022:\u0022thoraxjnl\u0022,\u0022hwType\u0022:\u0022issue\u0022,\u0022hwSubtitle\u0022:null,\u0022hwOverline\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwPisaId\u0022:\u0022thoraxjnl;79\\\/10\u0022,\u0022hwFirstPage\u0022:\u0022895\u0022,\u0022hwLastPage\u0022:\u0022998\u0022,\u0022hwIsLatestVersion\u0022:\u0022na\u0022,\u0022hwIsCurrentIssue\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwIsOpenIssue\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasFullText\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasPDF\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwParentTitle\u0022:\u002279\u0022,\u0022hwElectronicPubDate\u0022:\u00222024-09-18\u0022,\u0022hwElectronicPubDateTime\u0022:\u00222024-09-18 06:16:14\u0022}}"},"user_uid":0,"customer_email":"","cartstack_siteid":"","foxycart_subdomain":"bmjpg.ecommerce.highwire.org","foxycart_always_show_cart_link":1,"hw_fc_cookie_domain":".bmj.com","jcarousel":{"ajaxPath":"\/jcarousel\/ajax\/views"},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/content\/79\/10":true},"highwireResponsive":{"enquire_enabled":1,"breakpoints_configured":1,"breakpoints":{"narrow":"all and (min-width: 768px) and (min-device-width: 768px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 768px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 1024px) and (min-device-width: 1024px), all (max-width: 1220px) and (max-device-width: 1220px) and (orientation:landscape)","wide":"all and (min-width: 1220px)"}}}); //--><!]]> </script> <!--[if lt IE 10]><script src="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/all/themes/highwire/axon/js/media.match.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script><![endif]--> <!--[if lt IE 9]><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/sites/default/themes/bmjj/css/theme/ie-7-8.css" /><![endif]--> <script> let cookies = parseCookies(); let bmj_uuid = cookies.bmj_uuid; let bmj_ppid = cookies.bmj_ppid; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; const anonMailId = 'e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855'; function checkUserLoginStatus(dataLayer) { const userMail = dataLayer.find((item) => item.user)?.user?.mail; if (!userMail) { return false; } return userMail !== anonMailId; } let nonAnonMailId = ((dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.mail) === anonMailId ? null : (dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.mail; let userId = ((dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.['data-ics']) ?? ((dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.mail && nonAnonMailId) ?? bmj_ppid ?? bmj_uuid; document.cookie = 'bmj_ppid=' + userId + '; domain=.bmj.com; path=/; max-age=31622400; SameSite=None; Secure'; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().setPublisherProvidedId(userId); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("islogged", checkUserLoginStatus(dataLayer) ? "true" : "false"); googletag.enableServices(); }); window.dataLayer.push({ 'bmj_uuid': bmj_uuid }); </script> </head> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-node page-node- page-node-211360 node-type-highwire-issue"> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5NN54W" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];var j=d.createElement(s);var dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type='text/javascript';j.async=true;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5NN54W');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="page" id="page"> <section class="container-fluid content-header"> <header role="banner" class="section section-header row"> <div class="zone zone-superheader"> <div class="region region-superheader"> <div class="region-inner region-superheader-inner"> <div class="region region-superheader"> <div id="block-panels-mini-jnl-template-bmjj-uid-strng" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_uid_strng"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id="dfp-ad-top-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper"> <div id="dfp-ad-top" class="dfp-tag-wrapper"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("dfp-ad-top"); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-superheader --> </div><!-- /.zone-super-header --> <div class="site-info mobile-hidden"> </div><!-- /.site-info --> <div class="zone zone-header row mobile-hidden"> <div class="region region-header"> <div class="region-inner region-header-inner"> </div> </div><!-- ./region-header --> </div><!-- /.zone-header --> </header> <!-- /.section-header --> <section class="row visible-sm visible-md visible-lg header header-platform mobile-hidden"> <div class="col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-large-3 logo-bmj"> <div class="l-inline"> <p class="logo-bmj-journals"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com/" title="BMJ Journals"><img src="/sites/default/themes/bmjj/img/logos/logo-bmj-journals.svg" title="BMJ Journals" alt="BMJ Journals"/></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-narrow-9 col-normal-9 col-large-9 no-right-padding"> <div class="region region-top"> <div class="region-inner"> <div class="region region-platmenu"> <div id="block-menu-menu-platform-menu" class="block block-menu" class="block block-menu"> <div class="content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/subscribe" data-hide-link-title="0" class="header-subscribe-link" data-icon-position="">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/" id="menu-login" class="drop-menu link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Log In</span> <span class="icon icon-arrow-down"></span></a> <a href="# " class="menu-attach-block-drop-link external expand-on-click" data-block-id="panels_mini|challenge_opportunity_pane_dropdown" id="&lt;front&gt;-drop-link-728" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><div class="menu-attach-block-wrapper"> <div id="block-panels-mini-challenge-opportunity-pane-dropdown" class="block block-panels-mini article-login bmjj-login" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-challenge_opportunity_pane_dropdown"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmjj-society-logins society-logins" > <div class="pane-content"> <span class="ui-button ui-state-default ui-dialog-titlebar-close" title="close"></span><div class="shib-login-link"><a href="/login/shibboleth?subcode=bmjjournals&amp;env=prod&amp;uri=https%3A//thorax.bmj.com/accallback/content%25252F79%25252F10" class="button society-login-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in via Institution</a></div><div class="openathens-login-link"><a href="https://openathens-sp.highwire.org/session/init?entityID=https%3A//idp.eduserv.org.uk/openathens&amp;hw-shib-return-uri=https%3A//thorax.bmj.com/accallback/content%25252F79%25252F10&amp;subcode=bmjjournals" class="button society-login-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in via OpenAthens</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-opportunity-challenge" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class='opportunity-challenge-login'><h3>Log in using your username and password</h3><div class="drupal-login compact"><form action="/content/79/10" method="post" id="highwire-user-login--2" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div id="edit-customtext--2" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item"> <span class="customtext">For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts</span> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-name"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-name--2">Username <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input placeholder="Username" type="text" id="edit-name--2" name="name" value="" size="30" maxlength="60" class="form-text required" /> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-password form-item-pass"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-pass--2">Password <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input placeholder="Password" type="password" id="edit-pass--2" name="pass" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text required" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-CPof1OQ8LDTL2ZQJYbgfzGtWnUS0b6dwrtMdRbspc9o" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_user_login" /> <div class="bmjj-reset-password"><a href="/user/password" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forgot your log in details?</a><a href="/user/register?destination=node/211360" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Register a new account?</a></div><div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions--2"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit--2" name="op" value="Log in" class="form-submit" /></div><div class="reset-password"><a href="/user/password" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forgot</a> your user name or password?</div></div></form></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/cart" class="link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Basket</span> <span class="icon icon-basket"></span></a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/search" id="menu-search" class="drop-menu link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Search</span> <span class="icon icon-search"></span></a> <a href="# " class="menu-attach-block-drop-link external expand-on-click" data-block-id="panels_mini|jnl_template_bmjj_search_box" id="search-drop-link-729" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><div class="menu-attach-block-wrapper"> <div id="block-panels-mini-jnl-template-bmjj-search-box" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display one-layout " id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_search_box-1"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-quicksearch block-search pull-left" > <div class="pane-content"> <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/content/79/10" method="post" id="highwire-search-quicksearch-form-1" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords"> <label class="element-invisible" for="search_rightsidebar_keywords_1095893981">Search for this keyword </label> <input placeholder="search" type="text" id="search_rightsidebar_keywords_1095893981" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="search_rightsidebar_submit_119702334" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-JaicpGFc-5TVXuTCfcVQM74weIM8CcwaNb-TO7brGek" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_quicksearch_form_1" /> </div></form> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-3 pull-right advanced-search-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/search">Advanced search</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-top --> </div> </section> <div class="row header header-journal"> <div class="col-mobile-7 col-narrow-2 col-normal-4 logo-journal"> <a href="/"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/journal-logos/logo-thorax.svg" alt="Thorax" id="logo-img"></a> </div> <div class="col-mobile-5 col-narrow-10 col-normal-8 no-right-padding nav-journal"> <div class="region region-journmenu"> <div id="block-system-main-menu" class="block block-system mobile-hidden block-menu" class="block block-system mobile-hidden block-menu"> <div class="content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="https://thorax.bmj.com/pages/thorax-education" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Thorax Education</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://thorax.bmj.com/pages/topic-collections" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Topic collections</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/content/early/recent" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Latest content</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/content/current" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Current issue</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/content/by/year" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Archive</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/authors/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Authors</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="https://thoraxbmj.podbean.com/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Podcasts</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/about/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="block-panels-mini-mobile-slide-out-menu" class="block block-panels-mini mobile-only" class="block block-panels-mini mobile-only"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-mobile_slide_out_menu"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div id="" class="highwire-responsive-toggle-group"><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-template-bmjj-search-box" > <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-search"></span></h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="panel-display one-layout " id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_search_box"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-quicksearch block-search pull-left" > <div class="pane-content"> <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/content/79/10" method="post" id="highwire-search-quicksearch-form-0" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords"> <label class="element-invisible" for="search_rightsidebar_keywords_86039355">Search for this keyword </label> <input placeholder="search" type="text" id="search_rightsidebar_keywords_86039355" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="search_rightsidebar_submit_432113440" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form--gQISgMpctN0nJdVFH8ciNMtR4AELXlSp1wMV_VQzyk" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_quicksearch_form_0" /> </div></form> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-2 pull-right advanced-search-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/search">Advanced search</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-menu-mobile-slideout-menu pane-menu" > <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-menu"></span></h2> <div class="pane-content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/" class="menu-close link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-close"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Close</span></a> <a href="# " class="menu-attach-block-drop-link external expand-on-click" data-block-id="panels_mini|mobile_slide_out_autobot_menu" id="&lt;front&gt;-drop-link-781" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><div class="menu-attach-block-wrapper"> <div id="block-panels-mini-mobile-slide-out-autobot-menu" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display one-layout " id="mini-panel-mobile_slide_out_autobot_menu"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-menu-tree pane-main-menu" > <h2 class="pane-title">Main menu</h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-ctools-main-menu-1 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-main-menu:0 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-15121"><a href="https://thorax.bmj.com/pages/thorax-education" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Thorax Education</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15122"><a href="https://thorax.bmj.com/pages/topic-collections" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Topic collections</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15123"><a href="/content/early/recent" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Latest content</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15124"><a href="/content/current" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Current issue</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15125"><a href="/content/by/year" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Archive</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15126"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/authors/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Authors</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15127"><a href="https://thoraxbmj.podbean.com/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Podcasts</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-15128"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/about/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/subscribe" data-hide-link-title="0" class="callout-link" data-icon-position="">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/" class="mobile-drop-down callout-link link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Log in</span> <span class="icon icon-plus"></span></a> <a href="# " class="menu-attach-block-drop-link external expand-on-click" data-block-id="panels_mini|jnl_template_bmjj_login" id="&lt;front&gt;-drop-link-780" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><div class="menu-attach-block-wrapper"> <div id="block-panels-mini-jnl-template-bmjj-login" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_login"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmjj-society-logins society-logins opportunity-challenge-login" > <div class="pane-content"> <span class="ui-button ui-state-default ui-dialog-titlebar-close" title="close"></span><div class="shib-login-link"><a href="/login/shibboleth?subcode=bmjjournals&amp;env=prod&amp;uri=https%3A//thorax.bmj.com/accallback/content%25252F79%25252F10" class="button society-login-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in via Institution</a></div><div class="openathens-login-link"><a href="https://openathens-sp.highwire.org/session/init?entityID=https%3A//idp.eduserv.org.uk/openathens&amp;hw-shib-return-uri=https%3A//thorax.bmj.com/accallback/content%25252F79%25252F10&amp;subcode=bmjjournals" class="button society-login-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in via OpenAthens</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-opportunity-challenge" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class='opportunity-challenge-login'><h3>Log in using your username and password</h3><div class="drupal-login compact"><form action="/content/79/10" method="post" id="highwire-user-login" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div id="edit-customtext" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item"> <span class="customtext">For personal accounts OR managers of institutional accounts</span> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-name"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-name">Username <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input placeholder="Username" type="text" id="edit-name" name="name" value="" size="30" maxlength="60" class="form-text required" /> </div> <div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-password form-item-pass"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-pass">Password <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input placeholder="Password" type="password" id="edit-pass" name="pass" size="30" maxlength="128" class="form-text required" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-Zs8N5abEwepQ136ShSmzP-pIiM91SRGiIc6a8s45Bwc" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_user_login" /> <div class="bmjj-reset-password"><a href="/user/password" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forgot your log in details?</a><a href="/user/register?destination=node/211360" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Register a new account?</a></div><div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Log in" class="form-submit" /></div><div class="reset-password"><a href="/user/password" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Forgot</a> your user name or password?</div></div></form></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com/" data-hide-link-title="0" class="bmj-link" data-icon-position="">BMJ Journals</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-top --> </div> </section> <section role="main" class="section section-content container-fluid"> <div class="crumb-navigation"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-mobile-12 col-narrow-9 col-normal-9 col-wide-10 breadcrumbs"> <h2 class="element-invisible">You are here</h2><div class="item-list"><ul class="breadcrumb"><li class="first"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Home</a></li> <li>Table of contents</li> <li class="last"><span class="active">Table of contents</span></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="mobile-hidden col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-2 email-alerts"> <span> <a href="https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts&amp;corpusCode=thoraxjnl&amp;fwdUrl=https://thorax.bmj.com/" class="email-alerts-label"><i class="icon icon-article-alerts"></i>Email alerts</a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="zone zone-content row"> <div class="region region-content col-narrow-12"> <div class="region-inner region-content-inner"> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system" class="block block-system"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display two-layout " > <div class="panel-row-wrapper panel-row-first row"> <div class="top-wrapper col-narrow-12"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-top"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-page-title col-normal-push-2 col-narrow-push-2" > <div class="pane-content"> <h1 id="page-title">Table of contents</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper --> <div class="panel-row-wrapper row relative" id="toc-top"> <div class="left-wrapper col-narrow-2 col-normal-2 col-mobile-6"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-left"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-node-pager toc-issue-pager toc-issue-pager-prev" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="pager highwire-pager pager-mini clearfix highwire-node-pager highwire-issue-pager"><span class="pager-prev"><a href="/content/79/9" title="Thorax: 79 (9)" rel="prev" class="pager-link-prev link-icon"><span class="icon icon-arrow-left"></span> <span class="title">Prev issue</span></a></span><span class="pager-next"><a href="/content/79/11" title="Thorax: 79 (11)" rel="next" class="pager-link-next link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon "></span></a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-narrow-2 col-normal-2 col-mobile-6 pull-right"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-right"> <div class="inside" id="back-top-inner"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-node-pager pull-right toc-issue-pager toc-issue-pager-next" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="pager highwire-pager pager-mini clearfix highwire-node-pager highwire-issue-pager"><span class="pager-prev"><a href="/content/79/9" title="Thorax: 79 (9)" rel="prev" class="pager-link-prev link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon "></span></a></span><span class="pager-next"><a href="/content/79/11" title="Thorax: 79 (11)" rel="next" class="pager-link-next link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Next issue</span> <span class="icon icon-arrow-right"></span></a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right-wrapper col-narrow-8 col-normal-8 col-mobile-12 toc-pane"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-main"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-1 pane-page-title-suffix" > <div class="pane-content"> <h3>October 2024 - Volume 79 - 10</h3> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-template-bmjj-iss-issue pane-style-alt-content" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="panel-display two-layout " id="mini-panel-jnl_template_bmjj_iss_issue"> <div class="panel-row-wrapper row"> <div class="left-wrapper col-mobile-4 col-narrow-3 col-normal-2"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-left"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-issue-cover" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class = "cover-issue"><div class = "cover-issue-image"><a href="/content/79/10.cover-expansion" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="https://thorax.bmj.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/thoraxjnl/79/10.cover-source.jpg?itok=81lrLHsf" alt="Thorax: 79 (10)" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="right-wrapper col-mobile-8 col-narrow-9 col-normal-10"> <div class="panel-panel panel-region-right"> <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-toc-sections" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="highwire-list-wrapper highwire-toc-sections-nav"><div class="highwire-list"><ul><li class="first odd"><a href="/content/79/10#Editorials" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Editorials</a></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/79/10#Asthma" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Asthma</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/79/10#Cysticfibrosis" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Cystic fibrosis</a></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/79/10#Occupationallungdisease" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Occupational lung disease</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/79/10#Paediatriclungdisease" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Paediatric lung disease</a></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/79/10#Respiratoryepidemiology" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Respiratory epidemiology</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/79/10#Sleep" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Sleep</a></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/79/10#Shortreports" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Short reports</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/79/10#ImagesinThorax" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Images in Thorax</a></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/79/10#Stateoftheartreview" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">State of the art review</a></li><li class="last odd"><a href="/content/79/10#Journalclub" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Journal club</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-markup" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="highwire-markup"><div class="issue-toc"><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-editorials"><h2 id="Editorials" class="toc-heading editorials">Editorials</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211367" data-node-nid="211367" id="node-211367--21312476930" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/895" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221806" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/895.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/895" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Artificial stone silicosis arrives in the UK: a tragic case of history repeating</span></a> (6 August, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221806" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/895.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Christopher</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Barber</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="even toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211373" data-node-nid="211373" id="node-211373--2458746966" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/897" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221468" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/897.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/897" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Implications of the hypobaric cabin environment during commercial air travel for passenger fitness to fly</span></a> (17 August, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221468" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/897.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Peter D</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hodkinson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Thomas G</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Smith</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211379" data-node-nid="211379" id="node-211379--2593068692" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/899" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221856" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/899.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/899" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Untangling the web between menopause and respiratory disease</span></a> (17 August, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221856" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/899.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Hannah</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Whittaker</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="even toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211369" data-node-nid="211369" id="node-211369--22133592061" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/901" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221923" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/901.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/901" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Ageing and ivacaftor: unravelling the long-term effects</span></a> (6 August, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221923" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/901.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Paul D</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Robinson</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211361" data-node-nid="211361" id="node-211361--2430646693" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/903" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-222071" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/903.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/903" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Antenatal exposures to tobacco and biomass or fossil fuels and wheezing in early childhood in South Africa</span></a> (12 August, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-222071" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/903.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Rachel</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nadif</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-asthma"><h2 id="Asthma" class="toc-heading asthma">Asthma</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211368" data-node-nid="211368" id="node-211368--21670946153" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/905" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2023-221230" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/905.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/905" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Original research: Nasal epithelial gene expression identifies relevant asthma endotypes in the ATLANTIS study</span></a> (15 July, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2023-221230" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/905.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Tatiana</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Karp</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Alen</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Faiz</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jos</span> <span class="nlm-surname">van Nijnatten</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Huib A M</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kerstjens</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ilse</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Boudewijn</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Monica</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kraft</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Judith M</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vonk</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Martijn C</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nawijn</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Irene H</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heijink</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">Bianca</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Beghé</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Klaus F</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rabe</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">Alberto</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Papi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">Chris</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Brightling</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">Dave</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Singh</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">Thys</span> <span class="nlm-surname">van der Molen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">Salman</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Siddiqui</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">Stephanie</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Christenson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-given-names">Victor</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Guryev</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18"><span class="nlm-given-names">Maarten</span> <span class="nlm-surname">van den Berge</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-cystic-fibrosis"><h2 id="Cysticfibrosis" class="toc-heading cystic-fibrosis">Cystic fibrosis</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211364" data-node-nid="211364" id="node-211364--21738975512" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/915" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2023-220559" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/915.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/915" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Original research: Impact of age at ivacaftor initiation on pulmonary outcomes among people with cystic fibrosis</span></a> (6 May, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><svg class="icon icon-open-access bmjj-open-access bmjj-access-tag"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-openaccess"></use><svg></svg></svg></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Christian A</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Merlo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Lisa J</span> <span class="nlm-surname">McGarry</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Teja</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Thorat</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Catherine</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nguyen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Maral</span> <span class="nlm-surname">DerSarkissian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Aruna</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Muthukumar</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Joe</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Healy</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">M Alan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Brookhart</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jaime L</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rubin</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="last even toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211372" data-node-nid="211372" id="node-211372--2783731644" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/925" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2023-220558" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/925.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/925" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Original research: Long-term impact of ivacaftor on mortality rate and health outcomes in people with cystic fibrosis</span></a> (27 June, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><svg class="icon icon-open-access bmjj-open-access bmjj-access-tag"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-openaccess"></use><svg></svg></svg></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Christian A</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Merlo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Teja</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Thorat</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Maral</span> <span class="nlm-surname">DerSarkissian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Lisa J</span> <span class="nlm-surname">McGarry</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Catherine</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nguyen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Yuqian M</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Joe</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Healy</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jaime L</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rubin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">M Alan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Brookhart</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-occupational-lung-disease"><h2 id="Occupationallungdisease" class="toc-heading occupational-lung-disease">Occupational lung disease</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211366" data-node-nid="211366" id="node-211366--2987080414" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/934" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221447" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/934.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/934" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Original research: Relationship between cumulative silica exposure and silicosis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis</span></a> (6 August, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><svg class="icon icon-open-access bmjj-open-access bmjj-access-tag"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-openaccess"></use><svg></svg></svg></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Patrick</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Howlett</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jeffrey</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Maia</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lesosky</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Johanna</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Feary</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-paediatric-lung-disease"><h2 id="Paediatriclungdisease" class="toc-heading paediatric-lung-disease">Paediatric lung disease</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211378" data-node-nid="211378" id="node-211378--2416612937" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/943" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221460" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/943.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/943" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Original research: Urban metabolic and airway immune profiles increase the risk of infections in early childhood</span></a> (7 August, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221460" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/943.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Nicklas</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Brustad</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jonathan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Thorsen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Casper Emil Tingskov</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pedersen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Mina</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ali</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Julie</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kyvsgaard</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Sarah</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Brandt</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jenni</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lehtimäki</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Nicole</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Prince</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Nilofar V</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Følsgaard</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jessica</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lasky-Su</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jakob</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Stokholm</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">Klaus</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bønnelykke</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">Bo</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chawes</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="last even toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211376" data-node-nid="211376" id="node-211376--2937117453" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/953" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2023-221150" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/953.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/953" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Original research: Environmental exposures associated with early childhood recurrent wheezing in the mother and child in the environment birth cohort: a time-to-event study</span></a> (4 July, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><svg class="icon icon-open-access bmjj-open-access bmjj-access-tag"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-openaccess"></use><svg></svg></svg></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kareshma</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Asharam</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Aweke A Abebaw</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mitku</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Lisa</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ramsay</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Prakash Mohan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jeena</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Rajen N</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Naidoo</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-respiratory-epidemiology"><h2 id="Respiratoryepidemiology" class="toc-heading respiratory-epidemiology">Respiratory epidemiology</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211371" data-node-nid="211371" id="node-211371--21970789638" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/961" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2023-220956" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/961.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/961" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Original research: Early menopause and hormone therapy as determinants for lung health outcomes: a secondary analysis using the PLCO trial</span></a> (13 June, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2023-220956" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/961.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Xiaochun</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gai</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Yue</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Feng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Tessa M</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Flores</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Huining</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Hui</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kimberly K</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Leslie</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Yiliang</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jennifer A</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Doherty</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Yan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Guo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">Steven A</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Belinsky</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Linda S</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cook</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">Shuguang</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Leng</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-sleep"><h2 id="Sleep" class="toc-heading sleep">Sleep</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211377" data-node-nid="211377" id="node-211377--2306064297" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/970" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2023-220998" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/970.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/970" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Original research: Effects of moderate alcohol consumption and hypobaric hypoxia: implications for passengers’ sleep, oxygen saturation and heart rate on long-haul flights</span></a> (3 June, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2023-220998" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/970.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Rabea Antonia</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Trammer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Daniel</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rooney</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Sibylle</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Benderoth</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Martin</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wittkowski</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Juergen</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wenzel</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Eva-Maria</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Elmenhorst</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-short-reports"><h2 id="Shortreports" class="toc-heading short-reports">Short reports</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211362" data-node-nid="211362" id="node-211362--2872184047" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/979" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221715" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/979.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/979" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Artificial stone silicosis: a UK case series</span></a> (6 August, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221715" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/979.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Johanna</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Feary</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Anand</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Devaraj</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Matthew</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Burton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Felix</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chua</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Robina K</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Coker</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Arnab</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Datta</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Richard J</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hewitt</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Maria</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kokosi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Vaslis</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kouranos</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">Carl Jonathan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Reynolds</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Clare L</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ross</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">Veronica</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Smith</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">Katie</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ward</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">Melissa</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wickremasinghe</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">Joanna</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Szram</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li><li class="last even toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211375" data-node-nid="211375" id="node-211375--22101438783" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/982" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221865" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/982.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/982" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer: an analysis of the Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to the National Cancer Registration Dataset</span></a> (10 September, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221865" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/982.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Francesca</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gonnelli</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jaspreet</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kaur</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Martina</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bonifazi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">David</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Baldwin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Emma</span> <span class="nlm-surname">O’Dowd</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Richard</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hubbard</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-images-in-thorax"><h2 id="ImagesinThorax" class="toc-heading images-in-thorax">Images in Thorax</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211363" data-node-nid="211363" id="node-211363--2423631064" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/986" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221593" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/986.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/986" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Multiple intrathoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis as visualised on medical thoracoscopy</span></a> (5 July, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-221593" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/986.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Jiun Hang</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lee</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Larry Ellee</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nyanti</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Nai-Chien</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Huan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Hema Yamini</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ramarmuty</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Kunji Kannan</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sivaraman Kannan</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-state-of-the-art-review"><h2 id="Stateoftheartreview" class="toc-heading state-of-the-art-review">State of the art review</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211370" data-node-nid="211370" id="node-211370--2961505834" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/988" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2023-220036" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/988.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/988" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Intensive care unit interventions to promote sleep and circadian biology in reducing incident delirium: a scoping review</span></a> (13 February, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2023-220036" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/988.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M Elizabeth</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wilcox</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Lisa</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Burry</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Marina</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Englesakis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Briar</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Coman</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Marietou</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Daou</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Frank MP</span> <span class="nlm-surname">van Haren</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">E Wes</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ely</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Karen J</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bosma</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Melissa P</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Knauert</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div><div class="issue-toc-section issue-toc-section-journal-club"><h2 id="Journalclub" class="toc-heading journal-club">Journal club</h2><ul class="toc-section"><li class="first last odd toc-item"><div class="toc-citation"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node211365" data-node-nid="211365" id="node-211365--22114616026" data-pisa="thoraxjnl;79/10/998" data-pisa-master="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-222174" data-apath="/thoraxjnl/79/10/998.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmjj-toc clearfix"> <a href="/content/79/10/998" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Journal club</span></a> (18 September, 2024) <span class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="thoraxjnl;thorax-2024-222174" data-atom-uri="/thoraxjnl/79/10/998.atom" data-request-view="full"><span class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-user-access user-access bmjj-free bmjj-free-access bmjj-access-tag" title="You have access">Free</span></span></span> <div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Ewan Christopher</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mackay</span></span></span></div> </div> </div></div></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-variant-list" id="issue-information"> <h2 class="pane-title">Issue Information</h2> <div class="pane-content"> <ul class="links variants-list inline"><li class="tocpdf first"><a href="/content/79/10.toc.pdf" class="highwire-variant-link variant-tocpdf " title="Table of Contents (PDF)" rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Table of Contents (PDF) </a></li> <li class="cover-expansion"><a href="/content/79/10.cover-expansion" class="highwire-variant-link variant-cover-expansion " title="Front Cover" rel="alternate" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Front Cover </a></li> <li class="enclosure-Editorial Board last"><a href="/content/thoraxjnl/79/10/local/ed-board.pdf" class="highwire-variant-link variant-enclosure" title="Editorial Board (PDF)" rel="alternative" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Editorial Board (PDF)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmjj-modal-cover-expansion" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id="cover-expansion-loaded" title="Cover image"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-content --> </div><!-- /.zone-content --> </div><!-- /.container --> </section> <!-- /.section-content --> </div> <!-- /.page --> <footer role="contentinfo" class="section section-footer container-fluid" id="footer"> <section class="zone zone-footer row footer-journal-societies"> <div class="region region-footer col-narrow-12"> <div class="region-inner region-footer-inner"> <div class="region region-footersoc"> <div id="block-panels-mini-footer-society-images" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-footer_society_images"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmjj-societies-logos" > <div class="pane-content"> <ul><li><a href="http://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/"><img src="https://resources.bmj.com/repository/journals-network-project/images/society-logos/society-logo-bts.png" alt="British Thoracic Society" /></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-footer-first --> </section> <section role="contentinfo" class="section section-footer"> <div class="zone zone-footer footer-links"> <nav class="row"> <div class="region region-footerlinks1"> <div id="block-menu-block-1" class="block block-menu-block" class="block block-menu-block"> <div class="content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-1 menu-name-menu-footer-menu-1 parent-mlid-0 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu"><li class="first expanded menu-mlid-15129 col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Content</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-15130"><a href="/content/early/recent" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Latest content</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15131"><a href="/content/current" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Current issue</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15132"><a href="/content/by/year" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Archive</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15133"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/browse-by-topic/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Browse by collection</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15134"><a href="https://thorax.bmj.com/pages/VISUAL-ABSTRACTS" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Visual Abstracts</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15135"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/most-read-articles/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Most read articles</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15136"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/top-cited-articles/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Top cited articles</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-15137"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/eletters" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Responses</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-15138 col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Journal</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-15139"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/about/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15140"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/editorial-board/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Editorial board</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15141"><a href="https://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/signup.html?regService=etoc-alerts&amp;corpusCode=thoraxjnl&amp;fwdUrl=https://thorax.bmj.com/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Sign up for email alerts</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15142"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com/site/subscribe/?thorax" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-15143"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/thank-you-to-our-reviewers/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Thank you to our reviewers</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-15144 col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Authors</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-15145"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/authors/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Instructions for authors</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15146"><a href="http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/thorax" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Submit an article</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15147"><a href="http://authors.bmj.com/policies/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Editorial policies</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15148"><a href="http://openaccess.bmj.com/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Open Access at BMJ</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-15149"><a href="http://authors.bmj.com/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">BMJ Author Hub</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last expanded menu-mlid-15150 col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Help</a><ul class="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-15151"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/contact-us/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Contact us</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15152"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com/cgi/reprintform" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Reprints</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15153"><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/permissions" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Permissions</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-15154"><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/contact-us/advertising-sponsorship/" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Advertising</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-15155"><a href="http://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/customerservice/salesforce-form.html" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Feedback form</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="row"> <nav class="col-mobile-12 col-narrow-3 col-normal-3 col-wide-3"> <div class="region region-footersocial"> <div id="block-panels-mini-social-icons" class="block block-panels-mini" class="block block-panels-mini"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-social_icons"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmjj-social-icons" > <div class="pane-content"> <ul class="menu"><li class="leaf"><a href="http://thorax.bmj.com/pages/rss-feeds" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-rss"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> RSS</span></a></li><li class="leaf"><a href="http://twitter.com/ThoraxBMJ" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-twitter"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> Twitter</span></a></li><li class="leaf"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/Thorax.BMJ" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-facebook"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> Facebook</span></a></li><li class="leaf"><a href="http://blogs.bmj.com/thorax" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-blog"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> Blog</span></a></li><li class="leaf"><a href="https://thoraxbmj.podbean.com/" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon icon-soundcloud"></span><span class="title element-invisible"> Soundcloud</span></a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </section><!-- /.section-footer --> <section class="row footer-platform"> <div class="col-mobile-12 col-narrow-4 logoBMJ"> <a href="http://www.bmj.com/company"><svg class="logo-bmj-svg" aria-hidden="true"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#logo-bmj"></use><svg></svg></svg></a> </div> <div class="col-mobile-12 col-narrow-8 legal"> <div class="legal-inner"> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/">Website Terms &amp; Conditions</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/your-privacy/">Privacy &amp; Cookies</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/contact-us/">Contact BMJ</a></li> </ul> <!-- CookiePro Cookies Settings button start --> <button id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings">Cookie Settings</button> <!-- CookiePro Cookies Settings button end --> <p><small><span class="online-issn issn">Online ISSN: 1468-3296</span><span class="print-issn issn">Print ISSN: 0040-6376</span></small><br /> <small>Copyright © 2025 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd &amp; British Thoracic Society. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.</small></p> </div> </div> </section> <div class="region region-absolute-bottom"> <div class="region-inner region-absolute-bottom-inner"> <div class="region region-absolute-bottom"> <div id="block-panels-mini-bottom-ad" class="block block-panels-mini text-center" class="block block-panels-mini text-center"> <div class="content"> <div class="panel-display one-layout " id="mini-panel-bottom_ad"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id="dfp-ad-bottom-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper"> <div id="dfp-ad-bottom" class="dfp-tag-wrapper"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("dfp-ad-bottom"); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><!-- /.region-absolute-bottom --> </footer><!-- /.section-footer --> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__YP0skVzPJ9dKCqcnBr_uNCQOmTtCs151ae6sjES8kuE__m5Ong1RMpDawRuee_CcynJS11qwEmd3rA4TYQhs8HP4__mHBDgksHJATS8vIIMdqaUxn96yi0uOdaqCOatmWfAEo.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__Jd5dsvNznZMdglFu8sSni1wCsUfzvQbApHPAZwt5TY4__65Mqa1DMRwcSvPxjJEn6BXgMm-ckF3oOvkUTG9HRADI__mHBDgksHJATS8vIIMdqaUxn96yi0uOdaqCOatmWfAEo.js" defer="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__fUCEaCKUODF5P2WmzGzo1laxaEQ82Nl6oADDw5nONTE__bGuvhZW_EmWlwuA1fnxwF8mvZ1E1v3qbDTqQdQd0TS0__mHBDgksHJATS8vIIMdqaUxn96yi0uOdaqCOatmWfAEo.js"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10