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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grammar subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noun_classes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noun_classes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Noun classes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noun_classes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Numerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Adjectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personal_pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Personal pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possessive_pronouns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possessive_pronouns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Possessive pronouns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possessive_pronouns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_maintenance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_maintenance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Language maintenance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Language_maintenance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Language maintenance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Language_maintenance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Groote_Eylandt_Language_Centre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groote_Eylandt_Language_Centre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Groote Eylandt Language Centre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Groote_Eylandt_Language_Centre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lexicon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lexicon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lexicon</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lexicon-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lexicon subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lexicon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Macassan_influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Macassan_influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Macassan influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Macassan_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Questions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Questions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Questions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Questions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Film and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Commemoration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commemoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anindilyakwa language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anindilyakwa" title="Anindilyakwa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anindilyakwa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_enindhilyagwa" title="Lingua enindhilyagwa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua enindhilyagwa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anindilyakwa_jezik" title="Anindilyakwa jezik – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anindilyakwa jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_enindhilyagwa" title="Lingua enindhilyagwa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua enindhilyagwa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kianindilyakwa" title="Kianindilyakwa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kianindilyakwa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enindhilyagwa" title="Enindhilyagwa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Enindhilyagwa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_anindilyakwa" title="Lenga anindilyakwa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga anindilyakwa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_enindhilyagwa" title="Língua enindhilyagwa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua enindhilyagwa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Энинтиляква – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энинтиляква" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_enindhilyagwa" title="Gjuha enindhilyagwa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha enindhilyagwa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anindilyakwa" title="Anindilyakwa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Anindilyakwa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2714654#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #eba9ee;">Anindilyakwa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #eba9ee;">Enindhilyakwa, Enindhilyagwa</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #eba9ee;"><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amamalya Ayakwa</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Groote_Eylandt" title="Groote Eylandt">Groote Eylandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bickerton_Island" title="Bickerton Island">Bickerton Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Anindilyakwa_people" title="Anindilyakwa people">Warnindhilyagwa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1,500 (2021 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Macro-Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Macro-Pama–Nyungan languages">Macro-Pama–Nyungan</a>? <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Macro-Gunwinyguan_languages" title="Macro-Gunwinyguan languages">Macro-Gunwinyguan</a>?<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>East Arnhem?<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Anindilyakwa</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #eba9ee;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/aoi" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:aoi">aoi</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/anin1240">anin1240</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">AIATSIS</a><sup id="cite_ref-AIATSIS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIATSIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/N151">N151</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/2025">Anindilyakwa</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Anindilyakwa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Anindilyakwa.png/320px-Anindilyakwa.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Anindilyakwa.png/480px-Anindilyakwa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Anindilyakwa.png/640px-Anindilyakwa.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="576" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">A map highlighting Groote Eylandt and Bickerton Island where Anindilyakwa is spoken.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lang_Status_80-VU.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lang_Status_80-VU.svg/320px-Lang_Status_80-VU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lang_Status_80-VU.svg/480px-Lang_Status_80-VU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Lang_Status_80-VU.svg/640px-Lang_Status_80-VU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="153" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Anindilyakwa is classified as Definitely Endangered by the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlas_of_the_World%27s_Languages_in_Danger" title="Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger">Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</a></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="background-color:#E7E7FF;color:inherit;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3;"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> phonetic symbols.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA#Rendering_issues" title="Help:IPA">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)">question marks, boxes, or other symbols</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Anindilyakwa</b> (<span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amamalya Ayakwa</i></span>) is an <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal language">Australian Aboriginal language</a> spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Anindilyakwa_people" title="Anindilyakwa people">Anindilyakwa people</a> on <a href="/wiki/Groote_Eylandt" title="Groote Eylandt">Groote Eylandt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bickerton_Island" title="Bickerton Island">Bickerton Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> of Australia. Anindilyakwa is a <a href="/wiki/Agglutination" title="Agglutination">multiple-classifying prefixing</a> language in which all traditional nouns, adjectives, personal and demonstrative pronouns are prefixed for person, number and gender.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Census">2021 Australian Census</a>, Anindilyakwa was spoken natively by 1,516 people, an increase from 1,283 in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The local <a href="/wiki/Anindilyakwa_people" title="Anindilyakwa people">Anindilyakwa people</a> refer to the language as Amamalya Ayakwa (<span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amamalya</i></span> means 'true' and <span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ayakwa</i></span> means 'words'). However, Anindilyakwa is still commonly used.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before a standard <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a> was established, the name <b>Anindilyakwa</b> had been spelt in multiple ways. These included <b>Andiljangwa</b>, <b>Andilyaugwa</b>, <b>Aninhdhilyagwa</b>, <b>Enindiljaugwa</b>, <b>Enindhilyagwa</b>, <b>Wanindilyaugwaz.</b> The language was also known as <b>Ingura</b>, <b>Yingguru,</b> and <b>Groote Eylandt</b> after its location.<sup id="cite_ref-AIATSIS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIATSIS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linguistic_classification">Linguistic classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Linguistic classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once considered a family level isolate, Van Egmond (2012) has demonstrated Anindilyakwa to be part of the <a href="/wiki/Macro-Gunwinyguan_languages" title="Macro-Gunwinyguan languages">Eastern branch of the Gunwinyguan family</a>, relating it to <a href="/wiki/Nunggubuyu_language" title="Nunggubuyu language">Nunggubuyu</a> and (more distantly) <a href="/wiki/Ngandi_language" title="Ngandi language">Ngandi</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Comparative_method" title="Comparative method">correspondences</a> between core vocabulary, verbal morphological forms, phonemes, and verbal inflectional paradigms.<sup id="cite_ref-Van_Egmond_2012_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_Egmond_2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bowern_2017_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowern_2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The analysis of Anindilyakwa's vowels is open to interpretation. Stokes<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> analyses it as having 4 phonemic vowels, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i<span class="wrap"> </span>e<span class="wrap"> </span>a<span class="wrap"> </span>u/</span>. Leeding<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> analyses it as having just 2, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɨ<span class="wrap"> </span>a/</span> with allophones [ i ɪ u ɯ ə o a ] and [ a æ aɪ æɪ e eɪ ɒ aʊ ], respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3"> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_consonant" title="Peripheral consonant">Peripheral</a> </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">Coronal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Laminal_consonant" title="Laminal consonant">Laminal</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Apical_consonant" title="Apical consonant">Apical</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">rounded</a></small></th> <th><small>unrounded</small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">kʷ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labialization" title="Labialization">ŋʷ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental nasal">n̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental lateral approximant">l̪</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a></span>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">Glide</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phonotactics">Phonotactics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phonotactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anindilyakwa words almost always end with a final vowel 'a'. Clusters of up to 3 consonants such as 'ngw' can occur within words. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noun_classes">Noun classes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Noun classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anindilyakwa has 5 <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">noun classes</a>, or genders, each marked by a prefix: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Male </th> <th>human </th> <td>n- </td></tr> <tr> <th>non-human </th> <td>y- </td></tr> <tr> <th>Female </th> <th>human or non-human </th> <td>d- </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Inanimate </th> <th>neuter </th> <td>a- </td></tr> <tr> <th>vegetable </th> <td>m- </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For bound pronouns, instead of "human male" and "non-human male" classes there is a single "male" class. </p><p>All traditional Anindilyakwa nouns carry a class prefix, but some <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanwords</a> may lack them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Numerals">Numerals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Numerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The language traditionally had numerals up to 20 but since the introduction of English, English words are now used almost exclusively for numbers above 5.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anindilyakwa uses a <a href="/wiki/Quinary" title="Quinary">quinary</a> number system. The numbers are also adjectival and must be qualified with their corresponding noun class. 'One crocodile' becomes <span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">dawilyaba dingarrbiya</i></span>, '2 turtles' becomes <span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">yambilyuma yimenda</i></span>. </p><p>'Nothing' is expressed by <span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">nara ebina</i></span>, 'not any'. There is no term for '"infinity", but the concept "innumerable" can be expressed by: <span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">yinguwurramur.dinama dakwulyingarrijanga</i></span> 'there are too many stars to count.'<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>1 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Awilyaba</i></span> </td> <th>11 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ememberrkwa awilyaba</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ambilyuma</i></span> </td> <th>12 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ememberrkwa ambilyuma</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Abiyakarbiya</i></span> </td> <th>13 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ememberrkwa abiyakarbiyia</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Abiyarbuwa</i></span> </td> <th>14 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ememberrkwa abiyarbuwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amangbala</i></span> </td> <th>15 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amaburrkwakbala</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amangbala awilyaba</i></span> </td> <th>16 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amaburrkwakbala awilyaba</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amangbala ambilyuma</i></span> </td> <th>17 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amaburrkwakbala ambilyuma</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amangbala abiyakarbiya</i></span> </td> <th>18 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amaburrkwakbala abiyakarbiya</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amangbala abiyarbuwa</i></span> </td> <th>19 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amaburrkwakbala abiyarbuwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ememberrkwa</i></span> </td> <th>20 </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Wurrakiriyabulangwa</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjectives">Adjectives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Adjectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Size degrees is done in 2 grades the positive and a diminutive (<span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">warrngka</i></span>), although reduplication of this word is possible for an intensifying effect.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pronouns">Pronouns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal_pronouns">Personal pronouns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personal pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anindilyakwa features 5 grammatical numbers for <a href="/wiki/Pronouns" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronouns">pronouns</a>: singular, feminine dual, masculine dual, trial, and plural. </p><p>The language has a <a href="/wiki/Clusivity" title="Clusivity">clusivity</a> distinction common in many <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian languages">Aboriginal Australian languages</a> – <span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">ngakwurruwa</i></span> 'inclusive <a href="/wiki/We" title="We">we</a>' and <span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">yirruwa</i></span> 'exclusive we'. 'Inclusive we' includes explicitly the addressee (that is, 'you and I, and possibly others'). 'Exclusive we' excludes explicitly the addressee (that is, 'he/she/they and I, but not you'), regardless of who else may be involved. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2"> </th> <th rowspan="2">Singular </th> <th colspan="2">Dual </th> <th rowspan="2">Trial </th> <th rowspan="2">Plural </th></tr> <tr> <th>male </th> <th>female </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-valign-middle" style=""><div style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1221560606">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-rl){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header{line-height:1;max-width:1em;padding:0.4em;vertical-align:bottom;width:1em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sortable:not(.jquery-tablesorter) .ts-vertical-header:not(.unsortable),html.client-js .mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.headerSort{background-position:50%.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-top:21px}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-top{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-middle{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-normal{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{display:inline-block;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@supports(writing-mode:sideways-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{transform:none;writing-mode:sideways-lr}}}</style>1st person</div> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Clusivity" title="Clusivity">exclusive</a> </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">ngayuwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'I'</span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">yinuwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'we two men or women, but not you'</span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">yirringuwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'we two women, but not you'</span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">yirribukwurruwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'we three or four people, but not you'</span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">yirruwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'we all, excluding you'</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Clusivity" title="Clusivity">inclusive</a> </th> <td>- </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">yakuwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'you and me'</span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">yakuwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'you and me'</span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">ngarrubukwurruwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'we three or four, including you'</span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">ngakwurruwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'we all, including you'</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">2nd person </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">nungkuwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'you'</span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">nungkwurnuwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'you two men, or man and woman'</span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">nungkwurruguwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'you two women'</span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">nungkwurrubukwurruwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'you three or four people'</span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">nungkwurruwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'you, many people'</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">3rd person </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">enuwa</i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">'he'</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">aburnuwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'they two men', or 'man and woman'</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">aburrunguwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'they two women'</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">aburrubukwurruwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'they three or four people'</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">aburruwa</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'they all, them'</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">ngaluwa</i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">'she'</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Possessive_pronouns">Possessive pronouns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Possessive pronouns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the exception of <i>my</i>, <a href="/wiki/Possessive_pronouns" class="mw-redirect" title="Possessive pronouns">possessive pronouns</a> in Anindilyakwa replace the <i>-uwa</i> suffix from the singular or plural pronouns with <i>-langwa</i> 'belonging to'. </p> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>English</b> </th> <th><b>Anindilyakwa</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td>My </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Nganyangwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yours (singular) </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Nungkwa-langwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yours (plural) </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Nungkwurra-langwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ours (exclusive) </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yirra-langwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ours (inclusive) </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ngakwurra-langwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Theirs </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Aburra-langwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>His </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ena-langwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hers </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ngala-langwa</i></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Suffixes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Suffix </th> <th>Gloss </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-baba</i></span> </td> <td>because </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-dangwa</i></span> </td> <td>the one that's better or best </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-manja</i></span> </td> <td>by (beside), in, at, on, when, with (people) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-minjena</i></span> </td> <td>mother of child </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-mubaba</i></span> </td> <td>because (on verbs) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-mulangwa</i></span> </td> <td>about, of, from (on verbs); after </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-murra</i></span> </td> <td>from (by means of), with (by means of) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-murriya</i></span> </td> <td>etc., and the rest </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-langwa</i></span> </td> <td>belonging to, from, of </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-langwa-langwa</i></span> </td> <td>around, along </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-langwiya</i></span> </td> <td>along, along and around, over (in the sense of travelling over an area), through </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-ma</i></span> </td> <td>in (by means of); only, just (one); with (by means of) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-yada</i></span> </td> <td>for (for the purpose of), so (that), to make, used on time words </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-wiya</i></span> </td> <td>all over, still (in sense of being the same), used on time words </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-wa</i></span> </td> <td>to </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For kinship nouns, there are 7 possessive suffixes used that distinguish between first, second and thirds, singular or plural numbers, and third person genders. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Suffixes for kinship possession </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="2">Singular </th> <th colspan="2">Non-singular </th></tr> <tr> <th>Suffix</th> <th>Example </th> <th>Suffix</th> <th>Example </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1st person </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-arrka</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Nganyanwa nungwarrka</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'My father'</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">2nd person </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-ena</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Nungkwa-langwa nungwena</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'Your father'</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">3rd person </th> <th>Male </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-enikba</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ena-langwa nungenikba</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'His father'</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-arringba</i></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Aburra-langwa nungarringba</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'Their father'</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Female </th> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">-adukba</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ngala-langwa nungadukba</i></span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">'Her father'</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_maintenance">Language maintenance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Language maintenance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Groote_Eylandt_Language_Centre">Groote Eylandt Language Centre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Groote Eylandt Language Centre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Groote Eylandt Language Centre (GELC) promotes, maintains, and preserves Anindilyakwa. They are based in <a href="/wiki/Angurugu,_Northern_Territory" title="Angurugu, Northern Territory">Angurugu</a> with offices in <a href="/wiki/Umbakumba" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbakumba">Umbakumba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bickerton_Island" title="Bickerton Island">Bickerton Island</a>. It hosts a significant collection of language and cultural resources relating to the Warnindilyakwa people. The Centre undertakes language projects both large and small and offers services such as language recording and resource development, language advice and expertise, and translation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Previously known as Groote Eylandt Linguistics, <a href="/wiki/Church_Mission_Society" title="Church Mission Society">Church Mission Society</a> ran the department until 2006. The CMS created the orthography with the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a> to translate <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> texts into Anindilyakwa. The centre now operates under the "Preserving Culture" department of the <a href="/wiki/Anindilyakwa_Land_Council" title="Anindilyakwa Land Council">Anindilyakwa Land Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>GELC has compiled and published the Anindilyakwa dictionary <span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Eningerriberra-langwa jurra</i></span> "The Book about Everything",<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as producing an online dictionary,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a web app with the assistance of the Australian Literacy and Numeracy Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also run a YouTube channel with an expanding content of videos and resources in Anindilyakwa.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lexicon">Lexicon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Lexicon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macassan_influence">Macassan influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Macassan influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Macassan_contact_with_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Macassan contact with Australia">Macassan contact with Australia</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Makassar_people" title="Makassar people">Makassar people</a> from the region of <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>) began visiting the coast of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Australia" title="Northern Australia">northern Australia</a> sometime around the early to middle 1700s.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This happened yearly until the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia Policy</a> in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Macassans visited Groote Eylandt for trade, particularly for highly prized trepang in the South China Sea. The Macassans also brought with them tamarinds (<span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">jamba</i></span>), dugout canoes (<span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">malamukwa</i></span>), tobacco (<span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">dambakwa</i></span>) and beer (<span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">anija</i></span>). Evan analyses that there are potentially 35 <a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese</a> words, mostly nouns, that have entered the Anindilyakwa language, including many place names such as <a href="/wiki/Umbakumba" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbakumba">Umbakumba</a> (Malay word <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">ombak-ombak</i></span> for 'lapping of waves') and Bartalumba Bay (Macassan word <span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">batu lompoa</i></span> for 'the big rock').<sup id="cite_ref-Van_Egmond_2012_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_Egmond_2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Words with Macassan origin </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Makassarese </th> <th>Anindilyakwa </th> <th> </th> <th>English </th> <th>Makassarese </th> <th>Anindilyakwa </th></tr> <tr> <td>lapping of waves </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">ombak-ombak</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Umbakumba</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td>the big rock </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">batu lompoa</i></span> </td> <td>Batalumba Bay </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">anisi</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">anija</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">tambako</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">dambakwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anchor" title="Anchor">anchor</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">balaŋo</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">balangwa</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">jarang</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">jarrangwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trepanging" title="Trepanging">trepang</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">taripaŋ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">derriba</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">shovel spear</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">lamaŋ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">lama</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fish_hook" title="Fish hook">fish hook</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">pekaŋ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">bikanga</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Machete" title="Machete">machete</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">kalewaŋ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">kaliwanga</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">tamarind</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">jampa</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">jamba</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">fish bait</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">eppaŋ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">libanga</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>material/cloth </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">sombala</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">dumbala</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">knife</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">ladiŋ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">lyelyinga</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dugout_canoe" title="Dugout canoe">dug-out canoe</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">lepalepa</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">libaliba</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">kaluku</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">kalukwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">book</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">surat</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">jurra</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boss_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Boss (disambiguation)">boss</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">puŋgawa</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">bungawa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white person</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">balanda</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">balanda</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lantern" title="Lantern">lantern</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">baraccuŋ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">bajananga</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">gun</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">sinapaŋ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">jinaba</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Billycan" title="Billycan">billycan</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">bassi kaleŋ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">bajikala</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">nail</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">paso</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">baja</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">axe</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">paŋkulu</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">bangkilya</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boat" title="Boat">boat</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">biseaŋ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">mijiyanga</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudder</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">gulin</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">kulunga</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Box" title="Box">box</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">patti</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">bada</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mast_(sailing)" title="Mast (sailing)">mast/sail</a> </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">pallayarraŋ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">baliyerra</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>north-west wind </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">bara</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">barra</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td>south wind </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">sallataŋ</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">dalada</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>north-east wind </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">tuŋkara</i></span> 'SE wind' </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">lungkurrma</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td>north-east wind </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">timoro</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">dimburra</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>east wind </td> <td><span title="Makasar-language text"><i lang="mak">tuŋkara</i></span> 'SE wind' </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">dungkwarra</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Questions">Questions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Questions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Questions </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Anindilyakwa </th> <th>English </th> <th>Anindilyakwa </th></tr> <tr> <td>Where?/Where is it? </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Angamba?</i></span> </td> <td>'Who?' </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Angkaburra?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Where to?/Where are you going? </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ngambu-wa?</i></span> </td> <td>'Who's that?' </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Angkaburra wurrangaba?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Where from?/Where did you come from? </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ngamba-langwa?</i></span> </td> <td>'Whose?' </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Angkaburra-langwa?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Where at?/Where are you? </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Nga-manja?</i></span> </td> <td>'Can I sit here?' </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ngambarriya-langwa?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>When? </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ngambi-yada?</i></span> </td> <td>'How much?/How many?' </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ambarrngarna?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>What is your name? </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amiyembena ekirra nungkwa-langwa?</i></span> </td> <td>'You good?/How are you?' </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ningkeningaba?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>What? </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Miyambena?</i></span> </td> <td>'What are you doing?' </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ningkiyamarrkinama ningkakina?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Why? (for what reason?) </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Miyambena-baba?</i></span> </td> <td>'What are you looking at?' </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amiyembena ningkirringka nungkuwa?</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Why? (for what purpose?) </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Miyambena-yada?</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>What with?/How? (By what means?) </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Miyambena-ma/Miyambena-murra?</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>What's the time? </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Mamiyembena mamawura mema?</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animals">Animals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Land Animals (<span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yinungungwangba-murriya</i></span>) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Anindilyakwa </th> <th>English </th> <th>Anindilyakwa </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crocodile" title="Crocodile">Crocodile</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Dingarrbiya</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wallaby" title="Wallaby">Wallaby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yiburada</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gecko" title="Gecko">Gecko</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yibilyibilya</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">Dingo</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Warnungwenimbaluba</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goanna" title="Goanna">Goanna</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yaraja</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlamydosaurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlamydosaurus">Frilled lizard</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Dukwululuwawa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue-tongued_skink" title="Blue-tongued skink">Blue-tongued lizard</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yimarndakuwaba</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Turtle</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yimenda</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rock-wallaby" title="Rock-wallaby">Rock wallaby</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Dilanda</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bandicoot" title="Bandicoot">Bandicoot</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yirukwujilangwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quoll" title="Quoll">Native-cat</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yiniyerruwena</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mouse" title="Mouse">Mice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rats</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Wurrendinda</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phalangeriformes" title="Phalangeriformes">Possum</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yukungba</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sugar_glider" title="Sugar glider">Sugar glider</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yelyuwarra</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Echidna" title="Echidna">Echidna</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Dijinungkwa</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Snake" title="Snake">Snakes</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yingarna</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Introduced animals </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Anindilyakwa </th> <th>English </th> <th>Anindilyakwa </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Dog</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Wurrawarda</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pig" title="Pig">Pig</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Bikibiki</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">Chicken</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Jukwajukwa</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Cat</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Bujikeda</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">Horse</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Jarrangwa</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">Cow</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Bulukwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">Deer</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Bambi</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">Goat</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Nenukwuda</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Fish (Akwalya) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>English </th> <th>Anindilyakwa </th> <th>English </th> <th>Anindilyakwa </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Akwalya</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Turtle</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yimenda</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">Shark</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Mangiyuwanga</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stingray" title="Stingray">Stingray</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amaduwaya</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sawfish" title="Sawfish">Sawfish</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yukwurrirringdangwa</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">Shellfish</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Adidira</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Octopus" title="Octopus">Octopus</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Amilyengmilyengmaka</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">Crab</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Angwala</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dugong" title="Dugong">Dugong</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Dinungkwulangwa</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">Dolphin</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Dinginjabena</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trepanging" title="Trepanging">Trepang</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Yungwula</i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Starfish" title="Starfish">Starfish</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Miyalkwa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">Frog</a> </td> <td><span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Dilyaburnda</i></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Wurramara" title="Emily Wurramara">Emily Wurramara</a> is an <a href="/wiki/ARIA" class="mw-redirect" title="ARIA">ARIA</a>-nominated Anindilyakwa singer and songwriter from <a href="/wiki/Groote_Eylandt" title="Groote Eylandt">Groote Eylandt</a>. She writes and sings songs in both <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and Anindilyakwa.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Yilila is a band from <a href="/wiki/Numbulwar" title="Numbulwar">Numbulwar</a>. Lead vocalist Grant Nundhirribala is a master of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Indigenous music of Australia">traditional music</a> and a highly respected song man and dancer. The band performs their music in <a href="/wiki/Nunggubuyu_language" title="Nunggubuyu language">Wubuy</a>, Anindilyakwa, <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Maccassan language</a> and English.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Other noteworthy bands include Mambali from Numbulwar, Groote Eylandt Band from <a href="/wiki/Angurugu,_Northern_Territory" title="Angurugu, Northern Territory">Angurugu</a> and Salt Lake Band from <a href="/wiki/Umbakumba" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbakumba">Umbakumba</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_and_television">Film and television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Film and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Last Wave</i> (released in the USA as <i>Black Rain</i>) is a 1977 Australian <a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">mystery</a> <a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">drama film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a> where a <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white</a> lawyer represents a group of Aboriginal men accused of murder.<sup id="cite_ref-WVrev2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WVrev2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also starring <a href="/wiki/Yolngu" title="Yolngu">Yolngu</a> man <a href="/wiki/David_Gulpilil" title="David Gulpilil">David Gulpilil</a>, local Anindilyakwa men Nandjiwarra Amagula, Walter, Roy Bara, Cedrick Lalara, and Morris Lalara portray the men on trial.</li> <li><i>Bakala</i> is a 2017 award-winning short film written and directed by Nikolas Lachajczak and told entirely in the Anindilyakwa language. It follows the story of Anindilyakwa man, Steve 'Bakala' Wurramara, who is afflicted with <a href="/wiki/Machado%E2%80%93Joseph_disease" title="Machado–Joseph disease">Machado-Joseph Disease</a> (MJD), a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that results in a lack of <a href="/wiki/Motor_control" title="Motor control">muscle control</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motor_coordination" title="Motor coordination">coordination</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_limb" title="Upper limb">upper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_extremities" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower extremities">lower extremities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Anija</i> is a 2011 award-winning short film written and directed by David Hansen. It is filmed mainly in the Anindilyakwa language and follows the experiences of one family dealing with the effects of alcohol addiction. The film won Best Indigenous Resource at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Teachers_of_Media" title="Australian Teachers of Media">Australian Teachers of Media</a> (ATOM) Awards in 2011.</li> <li>Anindilyakwa was featured in <i><a href="/wiki/Spread_the_Word" title="Spread the Word">Spread the Word</a></i>, an Indigenous Australian languages show on <a href="/wiki/The_Disney_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Disney Channel">The Disney Channel</a>. The show featured the Anindilyakwa word <span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">Ngarrarndirrarjena</i></span> which translates to 'kicking a tree to get something off of it.'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 2019 the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Mint" title="Royal Australian Mint">Royal Australian Mint</a> issued a 50 cent coin to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/International_Year_of_Indigenous_Languages" title="International Year of Indigenous Languages">International Year of Indigenous Languages</a> which features 14 different words for 'money' from Australian Indigenous languages including <span title="Anindilyakwa-language text"><i lang="aoi">awarnda</i></span> for Anindilyakwa. The coin was designed by Aleksandra Stokic in consultation with Indigenous language custodian groups.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Bureau_of_Statistics2021" class="citation web cs1">Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/people-and-communities/cultural-diversity-census/2021/">"Cultural diversity: Census"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cultural+diversity%3A+Census&rft.date=2021&rft.au=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fstatistics%2Fpeople%2Fpeople-and-communities%2Fcultural-diversity-census%2F2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnindilyakwa+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AIATSIS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AIATSIS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AIATSIS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/N151">N151</a> Anindilyakwa at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaddy1988" class="citation book cs1">Waddy, Julie (1988). <i>Classification of Plants and Animals from a Groote Eylandt Aboriginal Point of View</i>. Australian National University North Australia Research Unit Monograph.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classification+of+Plants+and+Animals+from+a+Groote+Eylandt+Aboriginal+Point+of+View&rft.pub=Australian+National+University+North+Australia+Research+Unit+Monograph&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Waddy&rft.aufirst=Julie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnindilyakwa+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/IARE706001?opendocument">"2016"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FIARE706001%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnindilyakwa+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anindilyakwa.org.au/our-language/">"Our Language - Amamalya Ayakwa (Anindilyakwa)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Language+-+Amamalya+Ayakwa+%28Anindilyakwa%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anindilyakwa.org.au%2Four-language%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnindilyakwa+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Van_Egmond_2012-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Van_Egmond_2012_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Van_Egmond_2012_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Van Egmond, M-E. (2012). "Enindhilyakwa phonology, morphosyntax and genetic position." Doctoral thesis. University of Sydney. pp. 314–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowern_2017-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowern_2017_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowern, C. (2017). "Language isolates of Australia." in Campbell, L., ed. <i>Language Isolates</i>. Abingdon: Routledge: 323–43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStokes1981" class="citation book cs1">Stokes, J. (1981). "Anindilyakwa phonology from phoneme to syllable". In Waters, B. (ed.). <i>Australian phonologies: collected papers</i>. Darwin: Summer Institute of Linguistics, Australian Aborigines Branch. pp. 138–81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anindilyakwa+phonology+from+phoneme+to+syllable&rft.btitle=Australian+phonologies%3A+collected+papers&rft.place=Darwin&rft.pages=138-81&rft.pub=Summer+Institute+of+Linguistics%2C+Australian+Aborigines+Branch&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnindilyakwa+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeding1989" class="citation book cs1">Leeding, V. J. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1558"><i>Anindilyakwa phonology and morphology</i></a>. PhD dissertation. 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Eylandt Language Centre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=subject%3AAnindilyakwa">Entries for Enindhilyagwa from Rosetta Project, stored in the Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/soe/2001/publications/technical/pubs/indigenous-languages.pdf">State of Indigenous Languages in Australia</a> (2001). <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Environment_and_Heritage_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of the Environment and Heritage (Australia)">Department of the Environment and Heritage</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Template:Pama–Nyungan languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Template talk:Pama–Nyungan languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pama–Nyungan languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pama–Nyungan_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Paman_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paman_languages" title="Paman languages">Paman languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adithinngithigh_language" title="Adithinngithigh language">Adithinngithigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andjingith_language" title="Andjingith language">Andjingith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguthimri_language" title="Anguthimri language">Anguthimri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arritinngithigh_language" title="Arritinngithigh language">Arritinngithigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awngthim_language" title="Awngthim language">Awngthim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luthigh_language" title="Luthigh language">Luthigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbiywom_language" title="Mbiywom language">Mbiywom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndrangith_language" title="Ndrangith language">Ndrangith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngkoth_language" title="Ngkoth language">Ngkoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uradhi_language" title="Uradhi language">Uradhi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Northeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umpila_language" title="Umpila language">Umpila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wik_languages" title="Wik languages">Wik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayabadhu_language" title="Ayabadhu language">Ayabadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugu_Nganhcara_language" title="Kugu Nganhcara language">Kugu-Muminh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakanha_language" title="Pakanha language">Pakanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik-Me%27nh_language" title="Wik-Me'nh language">Wik-Me'nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik_Mungkan_language" title="Wik Mungkan language">Wik-Mungkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik-Ngathan_language" title="Wik-Ngathan language">Wik-Ngathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik_Ompom_language" title="Wik Ompom language">Wik-Ompom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Lamalamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamalama_language" title="Lamalama language">Lamalama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrobolam_language" title="Morrobolam language">Morrobolam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Yalanjic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrow_Point_language" title="Barrow Point language">Barrow Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guugu_Yalandji_language" title="Guugu Yalandji language">Gugu Yalandyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guugu_Yimithirr_language" title="Guugu Yimithirr language">Guugu Yimidhirr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Paman_languages" title="Southwestern Paman languages">Southwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koko-Bera_language" title="Koko-Bera language">Koko-Bera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugu_Dhaw_language" title="Gugu Dhaw language">Kok Thawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunjen_language" title="Kunjen language">Kunjen</a> <ul><li>Ogh-Undjan</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuuk_Thaayorre_language" title="Kuuk Thaayorre language">Kuuk Thaayorre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuuk_Yak_language" title="Kuuk Yak language">Kuuk Yak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yir-Yoront_language" title="Yir-Yoront language">Yir-Yoront</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Norman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurdjar_language" title="Gurdjar language">Kurtjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gkuthaarn_language" title="Gkuthaarn language">Kuthant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Thaypan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alungul_language" title="Alungul language">Alungul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkula_language" title="Angkula language">Angkula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghu_Tharrnggala_language" title="Aghu Tharrnggala language">Aghu Tharrnggala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikarranggal_language" title="Ikarranggal language">Ikarranggal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalaka_language" title="Tagalaka language">Takalak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugu_Thaypan_language" title="Gugu Thaypan language">Thaypan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wamin_language" title="Wamin language">Agwamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbara-Yanga_language" title="Mbara-Yanga language">Mbara-Yanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbabaram_language" title="Mbabaram language">Mbabaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walangama_language" title="Walangama language">Walangama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djabugay_language" title="Djabugay language">Djabugay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flinders_Island_language" title="Flinders Island language">Flinders Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukatj_language" title="Kukatj language">Gugadj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kok-Nar_language" title="Kok-Nar language">Kok Narr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbariman-Gudhinma_language" title="Mbariman-Gudhinma language">Mbariman-Gudhinma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpithamu_language" title="Umpithamu language">Umbindhamu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Eastern_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_states_of_Australia" title="Eastern states of Australia">Eastern</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Dyirbalic_languages" title="Dyirbalic languages">Dyirbalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyirbal_language" title="Dyirbal language">Dyirbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyawaygi_language" title="Nyawaygi language">Nyawaygi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrgamay_language" title="Warrgamay language">Warrgamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulguru_language" title="Wulguru language">Wulguru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Maric_languages" title="Maric languages">Maric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bidjara_language" title="Bidjara language">Bidjara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biri_language" title="Biri language">Biri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingkel_languages" title="Kingkel languages">Kingkel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayali_language" title="Bayali language">Bayali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darumbal_language" title="Darumbal language">Darumbal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrongo_language" title="Warrongo language">Warrongo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Waka%E2%80%93Kabic_languages" title="Waka–Kabic languages">Waka–Kabic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barunggam_language" title="Barunggam language">Barunggam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulua_language" title="Tulua language">Dappil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubbi_Gubbi_language" title="Gubbi Gubbi language">Gabi-Gabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taribelang_language" title="Taribelang language">Gureng Gureng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakka_Wakka_language" title="Wakka Wakka language">Wakawaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulli_Wulli_language" title="Wulli Wulli language">Wuliwuli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Durubalic_languages" title="Durubalic languages">Durubalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guwar_language" title="Guwar language">Guwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janday_language" title="Janday language">Janday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunukul_language" title="Nunukul language">Nunukul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turrbal_language" title="Turrbal language">Turrbal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Gumbaynggiric_languages" title="Gumbaynggiric languages">Gumbaynggiric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumbainggar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbainggar language">Kumbainggar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaygir_language" title="Yaygir language">Yaygir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wiradhuric_languages" title="Wiradhuric languages">Wiradhuric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamilaraay_language" title="Gamilaraay language">Gamilaraay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngiyambaa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngiyambaa language">Ngiyambaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiradjuri_language" title="Wiradjuri language">Wiradjuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yuin%E2%80%93Kuric_languages" title="Yuin–Kuric languages">Yuin–Kuric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awabakal_language" title="Awabakal language">Awabakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkinjung_language" title="Darkinjung language">Darkinjung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharug_language" title="Dharug language">Dharug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanggati_language" title="Dhanggati language">Dhanggati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarigo_language" title="Ngarigo language">Ngarigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngunnawal_language" title="Ngunnawal language">Ngunnawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharawal_languages" title="Tharawal languages">Tharawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worimi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Worimi language">Wormi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Gippsland_languages" title="Gippsland languages">Gippsland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhudhuroa_language" title="Dhudhuroa language">Dhudhuroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunaikurnai_language" title="Gunaikurnai language">Gunaikurnai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallanganmiddang_language" title="Pallanganmiddang language">Pallanganmiddang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anewan_language" title="Anewan language">Anewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugambeh%E2%80%93Bundjalung_languages" title="Yugambeh–Bundjalung languages">Bandjalang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaw_Lagaw_Ya" title="Kalaw Lagaw Ya">Kalaw Lagaw Ya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidiny_language" title="Yidiny language">Yidiny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Southern_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Australia" title="Southern Australia">Southern</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yotayotic_languages" title="Yotayotic languages">Yotayotic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yabula-Yabula_language" title="Yabula-Yabula language">Yabula-Yabula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorta_Yorta_language" title="Yorta Yorta language">Yotayota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kulinic_languages" title="Kulinic languages">Kulinic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gulidjan_language" title="Gulidjan language">Kolakngat</a> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kulin_languages" title="Kulin languages">Kulin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boonwurrung_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Boonwurrung language">Bunurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djadjawurrung_language" title="Djadjawurrung language">Dja Dja Wurrung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latji-Latji_language" title="Latji-Latji language">Ledji-Ledji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhi_Madhi_language" title="Madhi Madhi language">Madhi-Madhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Wadi_language" title="Wadi Wadi language">Wadi-Wadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadawurrung_language" title="Wadawurrung language">Wathaurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wemba_Wemba_language" title="Wemba Wemba language">Wemba Wemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woiwurrung%E2%80%93Taungurung_language" title="Woiwurrung–Taungurung language">Woiwurrung–Taungurung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drual_languages" title="Drual languages">Drual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bungandidj_language" title="Bungandidj language">Bungandidj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhauwurd_Wurrung_language" title="Dhauwurd Wurrung language">Dhauwurd Wurrung</a> <ul><li>Kuurn Kopan Noot</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaran_language" title="Yaran language">Yaran</a> (Bindjali)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Murray_languages" title="Lower Murray languages">Lower Murray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kureinji_language" title="Kureinji language">Keramin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngayawung_language" title="Ngayawung language">Ngayawung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarrindjeri_language" title="Ngarrindjeri language">Yaralde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitha_Yitha_language" title="Yitha Yitha language">Yitha-Yitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyu_language" title="Yuyu language">Yuyu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Thura-Yura_languages" title="Thura-Yura languages">Thura-Yura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha_language" title="Adnyamathanha language">Adnyamathanha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barngarla_language" title="Barngarla language">Barngarla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaurna_language" title="Kaurna language">Kaurna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha_language" title="Adnyamathanha language">Kuyani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narungga_language" title="Narungga language">Narungga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauo_language" title="Nauo language">Nauo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngadjuri_language" title="Ngadjuri language">Ngadjuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukunu_language" title="Nukunu language">Nukunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wirangu_language" title="Wirangu language">Wirangu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Mirning_languages" title="Mirning languages">Mirniny</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirning_language" title="Mirning language">Mirning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngadjunmaya_language" title="Ngadjunmaya language">Ngadjunmaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Nyungic_languages" title="Nyungic languages">Nyungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galaagu_language" title="Galaagu language">Galaagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaamaya_language" title="Kalaamaya language">Kalaamaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natingero_language" title="Natingero language">Natingero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noongar_language" title="Noongar language">Nyungar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Western_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kartu_languages" title="Kartu languages">Kartu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badimaya_language" title="Badimaya language">Badimaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malgana_language" title="Malgana language">Malgana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thaagurda_language" title="Thaagurda language">Thaagurda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nhanda_language" title="Nhanda language">Nhanda</a>–<a href="/wiki/Nhanhagardi_language" title="Nhanhagardi language">Nhanhagardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajarri_language" title="Wajarri language">Wajarri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinggarda_language" title="Yinggarda language">Yinggarda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kanyara%E2%80%93Mantharta_languages" title="Kanyara–Mantharta languages">Kanyara–Mantharta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanyara_languages" title="Kanyara languages">Kanyara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burduna_language" title="Burduna language">Burduna</a>–Baiyungu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalanyji_language" title="Thalanyji language">Thalanyji</a>–Pinikura</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantharta_language" title="Mantharta language">Mantharta</a> <ul><li>Tharrgari</li> <li>Warriyangka</li> <li>Thiin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiwarli_dialect" title="Jiwarli dialect">Jiwarli</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ngayarda_languages" title="Ngayarda languages">Ngayarta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jurruru_language" title="Jurruru language">Jurruru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurrama_language" title="Kurrama language">Kurrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martuthunira_language" title="Martuthunira language">Martuthunira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarla_language" title="Ngarla language">Ngarla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarluma_language" title="Ngarluma language">Ngarluma-Kariyarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nhuwala_language" title="Nhuwala language">Nhuwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyamal_language" title="Nyamal language">Nyamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyiyaparli_language" title="Nyiyaparli language">Nyiyaparli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panyjima_language" title="Panyjima language">Panyjima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinjibarndi_language" title="Yinjibarndi language">Yindjibarndi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinhawangka_language" title="Yinhawangka language">Yinhawangka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Marrngu_languages" title="Marrngu languages">Marrngu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garadjari_language" title="Garadjari language">Karajarri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarla_language" title="Mangarla language">Mangala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyangumarta_language" title="Nyangumarta language">Nyangumarta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Northern_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Australia" title="Northern Australia">Northern</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ngumpin%E2%80%93Yapa_languages" title="Ngumpin–Yapa languages">Ngumpin–Yapa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngarrkic_languages" title="Ngarrkic languages">Ngarrga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngumbin_languages" title="Ngumbin languages">Ngumbin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Warumungu_language" title="Warumungu language">Warumungu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warumungu_language" title="Warumungu language">Warumungu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Ngarna_languages" title="Ngarna languages">Warluwaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wagaya_language" title="Wagaya language">Wagaya</a> <ul><li>Bularnu</li> <li>Yindjilandji</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warluwarra_language" title="Warluwarra language">Warluwarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanyuwa_language" title="Yanyuwa language">Yanyuwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Kalkatungic_languages" title="Kalkatungic languages">Kalkatungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalkatungu_language" title="Kalkatungu language">Kalkatungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalarnnga_language" title="Yalarnnga language">Yalarnnga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Mayabic_languages" title="Mayabic languages">Mayi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayi-Kulan_language" title="Mayi-Kulan language">Mayi-Kulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayi-Kutuna_language" title="Mayi-Kutuna language">Mayi-Kutuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawun_language" title="Ngawun language">Ngawun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Central_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central_Australia" title="Central Australia">Central</a> <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Wati_languages" title="Wati languages">Wati</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngardi_language" title="Ngardi language">Ngardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warnman_language" title="Warnman language">Wanman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_language" title="Western Desert language">Western Desert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Arandic_languages" title="Arandic languages">Arandic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrernte_language" title="Arrernte language">Arrernte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaytetye_language" title="Kaytetye language">Kaytetye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Arrernte_language" title="Lower Arrernte language">Lower Arrernte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertame_language" title="Pertame language">Pertame</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Karnic_languages" title="Karnic languages">Karnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabana_language" title="Arabana language">Arabana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyari_language" title="Diyari language">Diyari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithaka_language" title="Mithaka language">Mithaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngamini_language" title="Ngamini language">Ngamini</a> <ul><li>Yarluyandi</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngura_languages" title="Ngura languages">Ngura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitta_Pitta_language" title="Pitta Pitta language">Pitta Pitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanggamala_language" title="Wanggamala language">Wanggamala</a> <ul><li>Wangka-Yutjurru</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_River_language" title="Wilson River language">Wilson River</a> <ul><li>Bundhamara</li> <li>new Wangkumara/Garlali</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yandruwandha_language" title="Yandruwandha language">Yandruwandha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paakantyi_language" title="Paakantyi language">Baagandji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalali_language" title="Kalali language">Bulloo River</a> <ul><li>old Wangkumara/Garlali</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muruwari_language" title="Muruwari language">Muruwari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barranbinja_language" title="Barranbinja language">Barranbinja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarli_language" title="Yarli language">Yardli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Other_Pama–Nyungan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Yol%C5%8Bu_languages" title="Yolŋu languages">Yolŋu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhangu-Djangu_language" title="Dhangu-Djangu language">Dhaŋu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhuwal_language" title="Dhuwal language">Dhuwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhangu-Djangu_language" title="Dhangu-Djangu language">Djaŋu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djinba_language" title="Djinba language">Djinba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djinang_language" title="Djinang language">Djinaŋ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritharrngu_language" title="Ritharrngu language">Ritharrŋu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nhangu_language" title="Nhangu language">Nhaŋu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Burdekin_languages" title="Lower Burdekin languages">Lower Burdekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindal_language" title="Bindal language">Bindal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal;"><div id="Macro-Pama–Nyungan?" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Macro-Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Macro-Pama–Nyungan languages">Macro-Pama–Nyungan?</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Macro-Gunwinyguan_languages" title="Macro-Gunwinyguan languages">Macro-Gunwinyguan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maningrida_languages" title="Maningrida languages">Maningrida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burarra_language" title="Burarra language">Burarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndj%C3%A9bbana_language" title="Ndjébbana language">Ndjébbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurr-Goni_language" title="Gurr-Goni language">Gurr-goni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakkara_language" title="Nakkara language">Nakkara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mangarrayi-Marran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawa_language" title="Alawa language">Alawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarrayi_language" title="Mangarrayi language">Mangarrayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marra_language" title="Marra language">Marra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warndarrang_language" title="Warndarrang language">Warndarrang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugul_language" title="Yugul language">Yugul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gunwinyguan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawoyn_language" title="Jawoyn language">Jawoyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwinymil_language" title="Uwinymil language">Uwinymil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warray_language" title="Warray language">Waray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwinjku_dialect" title="Kunwinjku dialect">Kunwinjku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalabon_language" title="Dalabon language">Dalabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunbarlang_language" title="Gunbarlang language">Kunbarlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngalakgan_language" title="Ngalakgan language">Ngalakgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rembarrnga_language" title="Rembarrnga language">Rembarrnga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngandi_language" title="Ngandi language">Ngandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunggubuyu_language" title="Nunggubuyu language">Nunggubuyu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anindilyakwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaagudju_language" title="Gaagudju language">Gaagudju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kungarakany_language" title="Kungarakany language">Kungarakany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardaman_language" title="Wardaman language">Wardaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagiman_language" title="Wagiman language">Wagiman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Tangkic_languages" title="Tangkic languages">Tangkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kayardild_language" title="Kayardild language">Kayardild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lardil_language" title="Lardil language">Lardil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingginda_language" title="Mingginda language">Minkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukulta_language" title="Yukulta language">Gangalidda (Yukulta)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Garawan_languages" title="Garawan languages">Garrwan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garrwa_language" title="Garrwa language">Garrwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunindiri_language" title="Gunindiri language">Gunindiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waanyi_language" title="Waanyi language">Waanyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Australian_Aboriginal_and_Tasmanian_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australian_Aboriginal_languages" title="Template:Australian Aboriginal languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australian_Aboriginal_languages" title="Template talk:Australian Aboriginal languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australian_Aboriginal_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australian Aboriginal languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australian_Aboriginal_and_Tasmanian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal languages">Australian Aboriginal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_languages" title="Tasmanian languages">Tasmanian</a> languages</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan</a> <br />subgroups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Victorian P–N</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Murray_languages" title="Lower Murray languages">Lower Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yotayotic_languages" title="Yotayotic languages">Yotayotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gippsland_languages" title="Gippsland languages">Gippsland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulin_languages" title="Kulin languages">Kulin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bungandidj_language" title="Bungandidj language">Bungandidj</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New South Wales P–N</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuin%E2%80%93Kuric_languages" title="Yuin–Kuric languages">Yuin–Kuric</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhanggati_language" title="Dhanggati language">Dhanggati</a></i> ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anewan_language" title="Anewan language">Anewan (Nganyaywana)</a></i> ?</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_South_Wales_languages" title="Central New South Wales languages">Central New South Wales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiradhuric_languages" title="Wiradhuric languages">Wiradhuric</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barranbinja_language" title="Barranbinja language">Barranbinja</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muruwari_language" title="Muruwari language">Muruwari</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durubalic_languages" title="Durubalic languages">Durubalic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugambeh%E2%80%93Bundjalung_languages" title="Yugambeh–Bundjalung languages">Bandjalangic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumbaynggiric_languages" title="Gumbaynggiric languages">Gumbaynggiric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka%E2%80%93Kabic_languages" title="Waka–Kabic languages">Waka–Kabic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Torres_Strait_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Torres Strait language">Western Torres Strait</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalaw_Lagaw_Ya" title="Kalaw Lagaw Ya">Kalaw Lagaw Ya</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paman_languages" title="Paman languages">Paman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Cape_York_Paman_languages" title="North Cape York Paman languages">Northern Paman</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Uradhi_language" title="Uradhi language">Uradhi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wik_languages" title="Wik languages">Wik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paman_languages" title="Paman languages">Middle Paman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umpila_language" title="Umpila language">Umpilaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpithamu_language" title="Umpithamu language">Umbindhamuic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamalamic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamalamic languages">Lamalamic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Umbuygamu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Umbuygamu language">Umbuygamu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lamalama_language" title="Lamalama language">Mbarrumbathama</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Paman_languages" title="Southwestern Paman languages">Southwest Paman</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuuk_Thayorre_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuuk Thayorre language">Kuuk Thayorre</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Paman_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Paman languages">Southern Paman</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mbabaram_language" title="Mbabaram language">Mbabaram</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flinders_Island_language" title="Flinders Island language">Flinders Island</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maric_languages" title="Maric languages">Maric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Northern <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Warrongo_language" title="Warrongo language">Warrongo</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Eastern <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biri_language" title="Biri language">Biri</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Southern <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bidyara_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidyara language">Bidyara–Gungabula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Margany_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Margany language">Margany–Gunya</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bindal_language" title="Bindal language">Bindal</a></i> ?</li> <li>Guwa–Yanda ? <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guwa_language" title="Guwa language">Guwa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yanda_language" title="Yanda language">Yanda</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingkel_languages" title="Kingkel languages">Kingkel</a> ? <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dharumbal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharumbal language">Dharumbal</a></i> ?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bayali_language" title="Bayali language">Bayali</a></i> ?</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Burdekin_languages" title="Lower Burdekin languages">Lower Burdekin</a> ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dyirbalic_languages" title="Dyirbalic languages">Dyirbalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dyirbal_language" title="Dyirbal language">Dyirbal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warrgamay_language" title="Warrgamay language">Warrgamay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nyawaygi_language" title="Nyawaygi language">Nyawaygi</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Burdekin_languages" title="Lower Burdekin languages">Lower Burdekin</a> ?</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guugu_Yimidhirr_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Guugu Yimidhirr language">Guugu Yimidihirr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuku_Yalanji_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuku Yalanji language">Kuku Yalanji</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yidiny_language" title="Yidiny language">Yidiny</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gulf</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalkatungic_languages" title="Kalkatungic languages">Kalkatungic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalkatungu_language" title="Kalkatungu language">Kalkatungu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yalarnnga_language" title="Yalarnnga language">Yalarnnga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayabic_languages" title="Mayabic languages">Mayi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arandic–Thura–Yura</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arandic_languages" title="Arandic languages">Arandic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrernte_language" title="Arrernte language">Arrernte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaytetye_language" title="Kaytetye language">Kaytetye</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thura%E2%80%93Yura_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Thura–Yura languages">Thura–Yura</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wirangu_language" title="Wirangu language">Wirangu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaurna_language" title="Kaurna language">Kaurna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adnyamathanha_language" title="Adnyamathanha language">Adnyamathanha</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karnic_languages" title="Karnic languages">Karnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Northern (Palku) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pitta-Pitta_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitta-Pitta language">Pitta-Pitta</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Western <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arabana_language" title="Arabana language">Arabana–Wangkangurru</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Central <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diyari_language" title="Diyari language">Diyari</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yandruwandha_language" title="Yandruwandha language">Yandruwandha</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Eastern <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wilson_River_language" title="Wilson River language">Wilson River (Wangkumara)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bulloo_River_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulloo River language">Bulloo River (Galali)</a></i> ?</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yarli_language" title="Yarli language">Yarli</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paakantyi_(Darling_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paakantyi (Darling language)">Paakantyi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yol%C5%8Bu_languages" title="Yolŋu languages">Yolŋu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhangu-Djangu_language" title="Dhangu-Djangu language">Dhaŋu–Djaŋu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ritharngu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritharngu language">Ritharrŋu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nhangu_language" title="Nhangu language">Nhaŋu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhuwal_language" title="Dhuwal language">Dhuwal–Dhuwala</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Djambarrpuyngu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Djambarrpuyngu language">Djambarrpuyŋu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gupapuyngu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gupapuyngu language">Gupapuyŋu</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Djinang_language" title="Djinang language">Djinaŋ</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Djinba_language" title="Djinba language">Djinba</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganalbingu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganalbingu language">Ganhalpuyŋu</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ngarna_languages" title="Ngarna languages">Ngarna/Warluwarric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yanyuwa_language" title="Yanyuwa language">Yanyuwa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarna_languages" title="Ngarna languages">Southern</a> <ul><li>Ngarru</li> <li>Thawa</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Desert Nyungic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marrngu_languages" title="Marrngu languages">Marrngu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngumpin%E2%80%93Yapa_languages" title="Ngumpin–Yapa languages">Ngumpin–Yapa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngumpin_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngumpin languages">Ngumpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapa_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Yapa languages">Yapa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warumungu_language" title="Warumungu language">Warumungu</a></i> ?</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wati_languages" title="Wati languages">Wati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South-West P–N</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pilbara <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngayarda_languages" title="Ngayarda languages">Ngayarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanyara%E2%80%93Mantharta_languages" title="Kanyara–Mantharta languages">Kanyara–Mantharta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartu%E2%80%93Nhanda_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kartu–Nhanda languages">Kartu–Nhanda</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yinggarda_language" title="Yinggarda language">Yinggarda</a></i> ?</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirning_languages" title="Mirning languages">Mirning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyungic_languages" title="Nyungic languages">Nyunga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_language" title="Proto-Pama–Nyungan language">Proto-Pama–Nyungan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tangkic_languages" title="Tangkic languages">Tangkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lardil_language" title="Lardil language">Lardil</a> (register: <a href="/wiki/Damin" title="Damin">Damin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayardild_language" title="Kayardild language">Kayardild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukulta_language" title="Yukulta language">Yukulta</a> (Ganggalida, Nyangga)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingginda_language" title="Mingginda language">Mingginda</a> (Minkin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Garawan_languages" title="Garawan languages">Garrwan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garawa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Garawa language">Garawa</a> (Garrwa, north)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waanyi_language" title="Waanyi language">Waanyi</a> (Wanji, south)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunindiri_language" title="Gunindiri language">Gunindiri</a> (Kurnindirri, southwest)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macro-Gunwinyguan_languages" title="Macro-Gunwinyguan languages">Macro-Gunwinyguan</a> ?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maningrida_languages" title="Maningrida languages">Maningrida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burarra_language" title="Burarra language">Burarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurr-goni_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurr-goni language">Gurr-goni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndj%C3%A9bbana_language" title="Ndjébbana language">Ndjébbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakkara_language" title="Nakkara language">Nakkara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marra_language" title="Marra language">Marra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warndarang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Warndarang language">Warndarang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugul_language" title="Yugul language">Yugul</a> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawa_language" title="Alawa language">Alawa</a> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarrayi_language" title="Mangarrayi language">Mangarrayi</a> ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gunwinyguan proper</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jawoyn_language" title="Jawoyn language">Jawoyn</a> (Djauan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warray_language" title="Warray language">Waray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uwinymil_language" title="Uwinymil language">Uwinymil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bininj_Gun-Wok_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bininj Gun-Wok language">Bininj Kunwok</a> (Kunwinjku, Gunwinggu)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunbarlang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunbarlang language">Kunbarlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalabon_language" title="Dalabon language">Dalabon</a> (Ngalkbun)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rembarrnga_language" title="Rembarrnga language">Rembarrnga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngalakgan_language" title="Ngalakgan language">Ngalakgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngandi_language" title="Ngandi language">Ngandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunggubuyu_language" title="Nunggubuyu language">Nunggubuyu</a> (Wubuy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enindhilyagwa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Enindhilyagwa language">Anindilyakwa</a> (Enindhilyagwa)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wardaman_language" title="Wardaman language">Yangmanic</a>–<a href="/wiki/Wagiman_language" title="Wagiman language">Wagiman</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wardaman_language" title="Wardaman language">Wardaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagiman_language" title="Wagiman language">Wagiman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kungarakany_language" title="Kungarakany language">Kungarakany (Koongurrukuñ)</a> ?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaagudju_language" title="Gaagudju language">Gaagudju</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iwaidjan_languages" title="Iwaidjan languages">Iwaidjan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central (Warrkbi)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iwaidja_language" title="Iwaidja language">Iwaidja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilgar_language" title="Ilgar language">Garig–Ilgar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garig_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Garig dialect">Garig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilgar_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilgar dialect">Ilgar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern (Goulburn Island)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maung_language" title="Maung language">Maung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manangkari_language" title="Manangkari language">Manangkari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amurdag_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amurdag language">Amurdag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marrku%E2%80%93Wurrugu_languages" title="Marrku–Wurrugu languages">Marrku–Wurrugu</a> ?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wurrugu_language" title="Wurrugu language">Wurrugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrgu_language" title="Marrgu language">Marrgu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Region_languages" title="Darwin Region languages">Darwin Region</a> ?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laragiya_language" title="Laragiya language">Gulumoerrgin (Larrakia)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limilngan–Wulna?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limilngan_language" title="Limilngan language">Limilngan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulna_language" title="Wulna language">Wulna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umbugarlic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umbugarla_language" title="Umbugarla language">Umbugarla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngomburr_language" title="Ngomburr language">Ngurmbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugurnidja_language" title="Bugurnidja language">Bugurnidja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Daly_languages" title="Daly languages">Daly River Sprachbund</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wagaydyic_languages" title="Wagaydyic languages">Wagaydyic (Anson Bay)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadjiginy_language" title="Wadjiginy language">Batjamalh (Wadjiginy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandjerramalh_language" title="Kandjerramalh language">Pungu Pungu (Kandjerramalh)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malak-Malak_language" title="Malak-Malak language">Northern Daly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malak-Malak_language" title="Malak-Malak language">Malak-Malak (Nguluk Wanggar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malak-Malak_language" title="Malak-Malak language">Tyerraty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Daly_languages" title="Western Daly languages">Western Daly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marringarr_language" title="Marringarr language">Marri Ngarr</a> <ul><li>Magati Ke</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marranj_language" title="Marranj language">Merranunggu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrithiyel_language" title="Marrithiyel language">Marrithiyel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrithiyel_language" title="Marrithiyel language">Marramaninjsji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daly_languages" title="Eastern Daly languages">Eastern Daly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matngala_language" title="Matngala language">Matngele (Werret/Dakayu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamu_language" title="Kamu language">Kamu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Daly_languages" title="Southern Daly languages">Southern Daly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murrinh-patha_language" title="Murrinh-patha language">Murrinh-patha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngan%27gityemerri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngan'gityemerri language">Ngan’gityemerri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mirndi_languages" title="Mirndi languages">Mirndi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingulu_language" title="Jingulu language">Jingulu</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yirram_languages" title="Yirram languages">Yirram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nungali_language" title="Nungali language">Nungali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaminjung_language" title="Jaminjung language">Jaminjung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ngurlun_languages" title="Ngurlun languages">Ngurlun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngarnka_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngarnka language">Ngarnka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wambaya_language" title="Wambaya language">Wambaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jarrakan_languages" title="Jarrakan languages">Jarrakan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kija_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kija language">Kija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriwoong_language" title="Miriwoong language">Miriwoong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajirrawoong_dialect" title="Gajirrawoong dialect">Gajirrawoong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bunuban_languages" title="Bunuban languages">Bunuban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunuba_language" title="Bunuba language">Bunuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gooniyandi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gooniyandi language">Gooniyandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Worrorran_languages" title="Worrorran languages">Worrorran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wunambal_language" title="Wunambal language">Wunambal</a> (Northern)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarinyin_language" title="Ngarinyin language">Ngarinyin</a> (Eastern)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worrorra_language" title="Worrorra language">Worrorra</a> (Western)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nyulnyulan_languages" title="Nyulnyulan languages">Nyulnyulan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western (Nyulnyulic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nyulnyul_language" title="Nyulnyul language">Nyulnyul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardi_language" title="Bardi language">Bardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_dialect" title="Jawi dialect">Jawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djabirr-Djabirr_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Djabirr-Djabirr language">Djabirr-Djabirr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimanburru_language" title="Nimanburru language">Nimanburru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern (Dyukun)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yawuru_language" title="Yawuru language">Yawuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyugun_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyugun language">Dyugun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrwa_language" title="Warrwa language">Warrwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyigina_language" title="Nyigina language">Nyigina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngumbarl_language" title="Ngumbarl language">Ngumbarl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giimbiyu_language" title="Giimbiyu language">Giimbiyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwi_language" title="Tiwi language">Tiwi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_languages" title="Tasmanian languages">Tasmanian</a> <br />family-level groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Tasmanian_languages" title="Western Tasmanian languages">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peerapper_language" title="Peerapper language">Northwestern Tasmanian</a> (Peerapper)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toogee_language" title="Toogee language">Southwestern Tasmanian</a> (Toogee) ?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tasmanian_languages" title="Northern Tasmanian languages">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommeginne_language" title="Tommeginne language">Northern Tasmanian</a> (Tommeginne)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Sorell_language" title="Port Sorell language">Port Sorell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Tasmanian_languages" title="Northeastern Tasmanian languages">Northeastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyemmairre_language" title="Pyemmairre language">Pyemmairre</a> (Northeastern)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyerrernotepanner_language" title="Tyerrernotepanner language">Tyerrernotepanner</a> (North Midland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhotsky/Blackhouse_Tasmanian_language" title="Lhotsky/Blackhouse Tasmanian language">Lhotsky/Blackhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Tasmanian_language" title="Norman Tasmanian language">Norman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Tasmanian_languages" title="Eastern Tasmanian languages">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paredarerme_language" title="Paredarerme language">Oyster Bay</a> (Paredarerme)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Swanport_language" title="Little Swanport language">Little Swanport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuenonne_language" title="Nuenonne language">Southeast Tasmanian</a> (Nuenonne)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruny_Island_Tasmanian_language" title="Bruny Island Tasmanian language">Bruny Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Indigenous <br />languages and <br /><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_English" title="Australian Aboriginal English">Aboriginal Englishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/English-based_creole_languages" title="English-based creole languages">Creoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Kriol" title="Australian Kriol">Australian Kriol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Roper River Kriol (<a href="/wiki/Ngukurr" title="Ngukurr">Ngukurr</a>)</li> <li>Bamyili Kriol (<a href="/wiki/Barunga,_Northern_Territory" title="Barunga, Northern Territory">Barunga</a>)</li> <li>Kimberley Kriol (<a href="/wiki/Fitzroy_Crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Fitzroy Crossing">Fitzroy Valley</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daly_River,_Northern_Territory" title="Daly River, Northern Territory">Daly River</a> Kriol</li> <li>Westside Kriol (<a href="/wiki/Victoria_River,_Northern_Territory" title="Victoria River, Northern Territory">Victoria River</a>)</li> <li>Barkly Kriol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mornington_Island" title="Mornington Island">Mornington Island</a> Creole</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowanyama" class="mw-redirect" title="Kowanyama">Kowanyama</a> Creole</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northeastern <br />creoles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Creole" title="Torres Strait Creole">Torres Strait Creole</a> (Yumplatok)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Peninsula_Area_Region#Language" title="Northern Peninsula Area Region">Cape York Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockhart_River,_Queensland" title="Lockhart River, Queensland">Lockhart River</a> Creole</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napranum" class="mw-redirect" title="Napranum">Napranum</a> Creole</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_English-based_pidgins" title="List of English-based pidgins">Pidgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Jackson_Pidgin_English" title="Port Jackson Pidgin English">Port Jackson Pidgin English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broome_Pearling_Lugger_Pidgin" title="Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin">Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Pidgin_English" title="South Australian Pidgin English">South Australian Pidgin English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngarluma_language#dialects" title="Ngarluma language">Pidgin Ngarluma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed languages">Mixed languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light_Warlpiri" title="Light Warlpiri">Light Warlpiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurindji_Kriol" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurindji Kriol">Gurindji Kriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwi_language#Modern_Tiwi" title="Tiwi language">Modern Tiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warumungu" title="Warumungu">Wumpurrarni</a> English (<a href="/wiki/Tennant_Creek" title="Tennant Creek">Tennant Creek</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyawarr" class="mw-redirect" title="Alyawarr">Alyawarr</a> English</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nyungar" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nyungar">Neo-Nyungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunga_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Nunga English">Nunga English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarrabah,_Queensland" title="Yarrabah, Queensland">Yarrie</a> Lingo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Island,_Queensland" title="Palm Island, Queensland">Palm</a> Talk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woorabinda" class="mw-redirect" title="Woorabinda">Woorie</a> Talk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherbourg,_Queensland" title="Cherbourg, Queensland">Cherbourg</a> Talk</li> <li>Murdi Language</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&oldid=1252821111">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anindilyakwa_language&oldid=1252821111</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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