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#a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Vanillotoxin-1 </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VaTx1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Chemical structure of VaTx1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/VaTx1.JPG/220px-VaTx1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/VaTx1.JPG/330px-VaTx1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/VaTx1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="425" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Tau-theraphotoxin-Pc1a, VaTx1</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>-1: <span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=NCC%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28C%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CS3%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CCCNC%28%3DN%29N%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28%3DCN2%29C1%3DC2C%3DCC%3DC1%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28Cc1ccccc1%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28C%29C%29C%28%3DO%29NCC%28%3DO%29NCC%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CS4%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CCCCN%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CO%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28%5BC%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28O%29C%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CO%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28%3DO%29O%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CS5%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CS3%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CCC%28%3DO%29O%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC1%3DCN%3DC-N1%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28C%29C%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CO%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CS4%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CCCCN%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CCSC%29C%28%3DO%29NCC%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28C%29C%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28%3DO%29O%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28Cc1ccc%28O%29cc1%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CS5%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28C%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28%3DCN2%29C1%3DC2C%3DCC%3DC1%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28%3DO%29O%29C%28%3DO%29NCC%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28%5BC%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28O%29C%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28Cc1ccccc1%29C%28%3DO%29N">Interactive image</a></span></li><li>-3: <span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CCC%28%3DO%29O%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CS3%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CCCNC%28%3DN%29N%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28%3DCN2%29C1%3DC2C%3DCC%3DC1%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28Cc1ccc%28O%29cc1%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28C%29C%29C%28%3DO%29NCC%28%3DO%29NCC%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CS4%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CCCCN%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CCC%28%3DO%29O%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28%3DO%29O%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CO%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CCC%28%3DO%29O%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CS5%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CS3%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CCC%28%3DO%29O%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC1%3DCN%3DC-N1%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28C%29C%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CCC%28%3DO%29N%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CS4%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC1%3DCN%3DC-N1%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CO%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28Cc1ccc%28O%29cc1%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28%3DCN2%29C1%3DC2C%3DCC%3DC1%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CCC%28%3DO%29O%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28%3DCN2%29C1%3DC2C%3DCC%3DC1%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CS5%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28C%29C%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28%3DCN2%29C1%3DC2C%3DCC%3DC1%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CC%28%3DO%29O%29C%28%3DO%29NCC%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28CO%29C%28%3DO%29N%5BC%40%40%5D%28%5BH%5D%29%28Cc1ccccc1%29C%28%3DO%29N">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>none</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/IUPHAR/BPS" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPHAR/BPS">IUPHAR/BPS</a></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>-1: <span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=summary&ligandId=5542">5542</a></span></li><li>-2: <span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=summary&ligandId=5543">5543</a></span></li><li>-3: <span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=summary&ligandId=5544">5544</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">-1: InChI=1S/C173H245N45O50S8/c1-85(2)55-112-152(248)201-116(60-93-38-42-98(224)43-39-93)156(252)202-117(61-94-40-44-99(225)45-41-94)157(253)213-127(165(261)189-88(7)143(239)199-118(62-95-68-182-103-33-20-18-31-100(95)103)158(254)206-121(65-137(232)233)147(243)187-74-135(229)217-140(89(8)222)171(267)198-111(142(177)238)58-91-27-14-12-15-28-91)79-272-276-83-131-170(266)216-130-82-275-274-80-128(212-151(247)108(46-47-136(230)231)192-144(240)102(176)75-219)167(263)195-107(37-26-52-181-173(178)179)150(246)204-119(63-96-69-183-104-34-21-19-32-101(96)104)159(255)203-115(59-92-29-16-13-17-30-92)155(251)197-110(49-54-270-11)145(241)185-71-132(226)184-72-133(227)191-126(166(262)208-122(66-138(234)235)161(257)211-125(77-221)164(260)218-141(90(9)223)172(268)209-114(57-87(5)6)153(249)207-123(67-139(236)237)162(258)214-131)78-271-273-81-129(168(264)193-105(35-22-24-50-174)148(244)196-109(48-53-269-10)146(242)186-73-134(228)190-112)215-163(259)124(76-220)210-154(250)113(56-86(3)4)200-160(256)120(64-97-70-180-84-188-97)205-149(245)106(194-169(130)265)36-23-25-51-175/h12-21,27-34,38-45,68-70,84-90,102,105-131,140-141,182-183,219-225H,22-26,35-37,46-67,71-83,174-176H2,1-11H3,(H2,177,238)(H,180,188)(H,184,226)(H,185,241)(H,186,242)(H,187,243)(H,189,261)(H,190,228)(H,191,227)(H,192,240)(H,193,264)(H,194,265)(H,195,263)(H,196,244)(H,197,251)(H,198,267)(H,199,239)(H,200,256)(H,201,248)(H,202,252)(H,203,255)(H,204,246)(H,205,245)(H,206,254)(H,207,249)(H,208,262)(H,209,268)(H,210,250)(H,211,257)(H,212,247)(H,213,253)(H,214,258)(H,215,259)(H,216,266)(H,217,229)(H,218,260)(H,230,231)(H,232,233)(H,234,235)(H,236,237)(H4,178,179,181)/t88-,89+,90+,102-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,140-,141-/m0/s1</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: RXRVLNDKXAOPHX-ZWNIUGCHSA-N</div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">-2: InChI=1S/C164H235N45O49S7/c1-79(2)49-103-138(233)176-65-124(217)175-66-125(218)183-117-72-260-263-75-120-159(254)185-97(35-22-24-45-165)140(235)188-101(44-48-259-11)137(232)177-67-126(219)182-104(50-80(3)4)144(239)198-112(59-130(225)226)151(246)194-107(54-88-38-40-92(215)41-39-88)147(242)204-118(156(251)181-83(8)136(231)190-108(55-89-62-173-95-33-20-18-31-93(89)95)148(243)197-111(58-129(223)224)139(234)178-68-127(220)208-132(84(9)213)162(257)189-102(134(168)229)52-86-27-14-12-15-28-86)73-261-265-77-122(205-152(247)113(60-131(227)228)199-153(248)115(70-211)202-163(258)133(85(10)214)209-155(250)116(71-212)200-142(237)98(184-157(117)252)36-23-25-46-166)161(256)207-121(160(255)187-100(42-43-128(221)222)143(238)196-110(57-91-64-171-78-179-91)150(245)192-105(51-81(5)6)145(240)201-114(69-210)154(249)206-120)76-264-262-74-119(203-135(230)82(7)180-123(216)61-167)158(253)186-99(37-26-47-172-164(169)170)141(236)195-109(56-90-63-174-96-34-21-19-32-94(90)96)149(244)193-106(146(241)191-103)53-87-29-16-13-17-30-87/h12-21,27-34,38-41,62-64,78-85,97-122,132-133,173-174,210-215H,22-26,35-37,42-61,65-77,165-167H2,1-11H3,(H2,168,229)(H,171,179)(H,175,217)(H,176,233)(H,177,232)(H,178,234)(H,180,216)(H,181,251)(H,182,219)(H,183,218)(H,184,252)(H,185,254)(H,186,253)(H,187,255)(H,188,235)(H,189,257)(H,190,231)(H,191,241)(H,192,245)(H,193,244)(H,194,246)(H,195,236)(H,196,238)(H,197,243)(H,198,239)(H,199,248)(H,200,237)(H,201,240)(H,202,258)(H,203,230)(H,204,242)(H,205,247)(H,206,249)(H,207,256)(H,208,220)(H,209,250)(H,221,222)(H,223,224)(H,225,226)(H,227,228)(H4,169,170,172)/t82-,83-,84+,85+,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,132-,133-/m0/s1</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: UPLRCWJFIYOZKF-QTQHHIRPSA-N</div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">-3: InChI=1S/C184H242N48O54S6/c1-89(2)55-120-155(258)199-75-143(239)198-76-144(240)204-136-81-287-289-84-139-182(285)223-130(66-100-74-192-88-202-100)173(276)226-135(80-235)177(280)217-124(60-94-35-39-102(237)40-36-94)167(270)221-125(61-95-69-194-108-27-14-10-23-103(95)108)168(271)209-116(44-50-148(246)247)159(262)219-128(64-98-72-197-111-30-17-13-26-106(98)111)171(274)231-140(181(284)215-122(57-91(5)6)165(268)220-127(63-97-71-196-110-29-16-12-25-105(97)110)170(273)224-131(67-151(252)253)156(259)200-77-145(241)203-133(78-233)175(278)212-119(153(188)256)58-92-21-8-7-9-22-92)85-291-292-86-141(230-163(266)118(46-52-150(250)251)210-176(279)134(79-234)227-174(277)132(68-152(254)255)225-161(264)115(43-49-147(244)245)207-157(260)112(205-178(136)281)31-18-19-53-185)183(286)232-138(180(283)211-117(45-51-149(248)249)160(263)222-129(65-99-73-191-87-201-99)172(275)214-121(56-90(3)4)164(267)208-114(162(265)229-139)42-47-142(187)238)83-290-288-82-137(228-154(257)107(186)41-48-146(242)243)179(282)206-113(32-20-54-193-184(189)190)158(261)218-126(62-96-70-195-109-28-15-11-24-104(96)109)169(272)216-123(166(269)213-120)59-93-33-37-101(236)38-34-93/h7-17,21-30,33-40,69-74,87-91,107,112-141,194-197,233-237H,18-20,31-32,41-68,75-86,185-186H2,1-6H3,(H2,187,238)(H2,188,256)(H,191,201)(H,192,202)(H,198,239)(H,199,258)(H,200,259)(H,203,241)(H,204,240)(H,205,281)(H,206,282)(H,207,260)(H,208,267)(H,209,271)(H,210,279)(H,211,283)(H,212,278)(H,213,269)(H,214,275)(H,215,284)(H,216,272)(H,217,280)(H,218,261)(H,219,262)(H,220,268)(H,221,270)(H,222,263)(H,223,285)(H,224,273)(H,225,264)(H,226,276)(H,227,277)(H,228,257)(H,229,265)(H,230,266)(H,231,274)(H,232,286)(H,242,243)(H,244,245)(H,246,247)(H,248,249)(H,250,251)(H,252,253)(H,254,255)(H4,189,190,193)/t107-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,133-,134-,135-,136-,137-,138-,139-,140-,141-/m0/s1</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: KUMJPNKYKZAIIW-OSPWSWGCSA-N</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">-1: N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS3)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCSC)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS4)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS5)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS3)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS4)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCSC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS5)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">-2: NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS3)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS4)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS5)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS3)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS4)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCSC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS5)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(O)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N</div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">-3: N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS3)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS4)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS5)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS3)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS4)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC1=CN=C-N1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CS5)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=CN2)C1=C2C=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@]([H])(CO)C(=O)N[C@@]([H])(Cc1ccccc1)C(=O)N</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td>4008.5 g/mol<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17093448-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>    </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>Vanillotoxins</b> (VaTxs, subtypes VaTx1, VaTx2, and VaTx3) are <a href="/wiki/Neurotoxins" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotoxins">neurotoxins</a> found in the venom of the <a href="/wiki/Tarantula" title="Tarantula">tarantula</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Psalmopoeus_cambridgei" title="Psalmopoeus cambridgei">Psalmopoeus cambridgei</a></i>. They act as <a href="/wiki/Agonists" class="mw-redirect" title="Agonists">agonists</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Transient_receptor_potential_cation_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Transient receptor potential cation channel">transient receptor potential cation channel</a> subfamily V member 1 (<a href="/wiki/TRPV1" title="TRPV1">TRPV1</a>), activating the pain sensory system. VaTx1 and 2 also act as antagonists for the K<sub>v</sub>2-type voltage-gated potassium channel (<a href="/wiki/KCNB1" title="KCNB1">K<sub>v</sub>2</a>), inducing paralytic behavior in small animals.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17093448-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanillotoxin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>P. cambridgei</i>, a tarantula from <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>, uses its venom to paralyze its prey. Amongst other compounds, this venom contains all three subtypes of VaTxs: VaTx1, VaTx2, and VaTx3.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17093448-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name of the toxin was derived from the vanilloid receptor TRPV1, to which the VaTxs bind. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanillotoxin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vanillotoxins have close homology to other <a href="/wiki/Inhibitor_cystine_knot" title="Inhibitor cystine knot">inhibitor cystine knot</a> (ICK) toxins.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17093448-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ICK toxins are best known as blockers of cation channels.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18061640_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18061640-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact structure of the VaTxs has not yet been deduced, although some preliminary models have been proposed. VaTxs are 53-82% identical in amino acid sequence.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22538196_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22538196-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VaTx1 and VaTx2 have an almost identical structure, while VaTx3 shows some diversity in its extruding protein loop. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Targets">Targets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanillotoxin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Targets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All three subtypes of VaTxs act as agonists for TRPV1.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17093448-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/EC50" title="EC50">EC50</a> of VaTx1, VaTx2, and VaTx3 for heterologously expressed TRPV1 channels is around 12, 2.5 and 0.3 μM, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17093448-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VaTx1 and VaTx2 also bind to the <a href="/wiki/KCNIP2" title="KCNIP2">K<sub>v</sub>2 channel</a>, although VaTx2 with a lower affinity than VaTx1. VaTx2 becomes effective on Kv2 at a minimal concentration of 40 μM. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mode_of_action">Mode of action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanillotoxin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mode of action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In humans, the effect of VaTxs has not been systematically studied. In general, the venom of <i>P. cambridgei</i> is known to produce pain, but the amount of toxin that is present in a bite is too low to cause serious health problems<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17093448-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> . The effects of VaTxs on TRPV1 and K<sub>v</sub>2 have been studied by injecting VaTxs subcutaneously in mice.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17093448-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VaTxs bind to the extracellular pore domain of TRPV1 in the <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system" title="Peripheral nervous system">peripheral nervous system</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid22538196_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22538196-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> causing the opening of the pore and cation influx, therefore triggering the activation of the pain system. Despite the similar architecture of TRPV1 and K<sub>v</sub>2, VaTx1 and VaTx2 bind to the voltage-sensing domain of K<sub>v</sub>2 rather than the pore-domain.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22538196_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22538196-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By doing so, they increase the action potential threshold in the <a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular_junction" title="Neuromuscular junction">neuromuscular junction</a>, eliciting paralytic behavior. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanillotoxin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pmid17093448-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid17093448_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSiemens_J2006" class="citation journal cs1">Siemens J (2006). "Spider toxins activate the capsaicin receptor to produce inflammatory pain". <i>Nature</i>. <b>444</b> (7116): 208–212. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.444..208S">2006Natur.444..208S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature05285">10.1038/nature05285</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17093448">17093448</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4387600">4387600</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Spider+toxins+activate+the+capsaicin+receptor+to+produce+inflammatory+pain&rft.volume=444&rft.issue=7116&rft.pages=208-212&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature05285&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4387600%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17093448&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Natur.444..208S&rft.au=Siemens+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVanillotoxin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18061640-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18061640_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCromerMcIntyre2007" class="citation journal cs1">Cromer B, McIntyre P (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:12234">"Painful toxins acting at TRPV1"</a>. <i>Toxicon</i>. <b>51</b> (2): 163–173. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.toxicon.2007.10.012">10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.10.012</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18061640">18061640</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon&rft.atitle=Painful+toxins+acting+at+TRPV1&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=163-173&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.toxicon.2007.10.012&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18061640&rft.aulast=Cromer&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=McIntyre%2C+P&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresearchbank.rmit.edu.au%2Fview%2Frmit%3A12234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVanillotoxin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid22538196-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid22538196_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid22538196_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid22538196_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBohlenJulius2012" class="citation journal cs1">Bohlen CJ, Julius D (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383939">"Receptor-targeting mechanisms of pain-causing toxins: How ow?"</a>. <i>Toxicon</i>. <b>60</b> (3): 254–264. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Txcn...60..254B">2012Txcn...60..254B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.toxicon.2012.04.336">10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.04.336</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383939">3383939</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22538196">22538196</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon&rft.atitle=Receptor-targeting+mechanisms+of+pain-causing+toxins%3A+How+ow%3F&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=254-264&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3383939%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22538196&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.toxicon.2012.04.336&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Txcn...60..254B&rft.aulast=Bohlen&rft.aufirst=CJ&rft.au=Julius%2C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3383939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVanillotoxin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Toxins" title="Template:Toxins"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Toxins" title="Template talk:Toxins"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Toxins" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Toxins"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="*_Toxins_**_cardiotoxin_**_cytotoxin_**_enterotoxin_**_hemotoxin_**_hepatotoxin_**_neurotoxin_**_phototoxin" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toxin" title="Toxin">Toxins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiotoxicity" title="Cardiotoxicity">cardiotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytotoxicity" title="Cytotoxicity">cytotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterotoxin" title="Enterotoxin">enterotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemotoxin" title="Hemotoxin">hemotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatotoxin" title="Hepatotoxin">hepatotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotoxin" title="Neurotoxin">neurotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phototoxin" title="Phototoxin">phototoxin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microbial_toxin" title="Microbial toxin">Bacterial<br /> toxins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exotoxin" title="Exotoxin">Exotoxin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Gram_positive" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gram-positive_bacteria" title="Gram-positive bacteria">Gram<br /> positive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bacilli" title="Bacilli">Bacilli</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Clostridium" title="Clostridium">Clostridium</a>:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Clostridium_tetani" title="Clostridium tetani">tetani</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetanospasmin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetanospasmin">Tetanospasmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetanolysin" title="Tetanolysin">Tetanolysin</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clostridium_perfringens" title="Clostridium perfringens">perfringens</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clostridium_perfringens_alpha_toxin" title="Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin">Alpha toxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clostridium_enterotoxin" title="Clostridium enterotoxin">Enterotoxin</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clostridium_difficile_(bacteria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clostridium difficile (bacteria)">difficile</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clostridium_difficile_toxin_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Clostridium difficile toxin A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clostridium_difficile_toxin_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Clostridium difficile toxin B">B</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clostridium_botulinum" title="Clostridium botulinum">botulinum</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin" title="Botulinum toxin">Botox</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Other:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthrax_toxin" title="Anthrax toxin">Anthrax toxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listeriolysin_O" title="Listeriolysin O">Listeriolysin O</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coccus" class="mw-redirect" title="Coccus">Cocci</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Streptolysin" title="Streptolysin">Streptolysin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukocidin" title="Leukocidin">Leukocidin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panton%E2%80%93Valentine_leukocidin" title="Panton–Valentine leukocidin">Panton–Valentine leukocidin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus" title="Staphylococcus">Staphylococcus</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus_alpha_toxin" title="Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin">Staphylococcus aureus alpha</a>/<a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus_beta_toxin" title="Staphylococcus aureus beta toxin">beta</a>/<a href="/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus_delta_toxin" title="Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin">delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exfoliatin" title="Exfoliatin">Exfoliatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_shock_syndrome_toxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxic shock syndrome toxin">Toxic shock syndrome toxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterotoxin_type_B" title="Enterotoxin type B">Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Actinomycetota" title="Actinomycetota">Actinomycetota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cord_factor" title="Cord factor">Cord factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphtheria_toxin" title="Diphtheria toxin">Diphtheria toxin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gram-negative_bacteria" title="Gram-negative bacteria">Gram<br /> negative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiga_toxin" title="Shiga toxin">Shiga toxin</a>/Verotoxin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat-stable_enterotoxin" title="Heat-stable enterotoxin"><i>E. coli</i> heat-stable enterotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholera_toxin" title="Cholera toxin">Cholera toxin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Heat-labile_enterotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat-labile enterotoxin">Heat-labile enterotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertussis_toxin" title="Pertussis toxin">Pertussis toxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudomonas_exotoxin" title="Pseudomonas exotoxin">Pseudomonas exotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extracellular_adenylate_cyclase" title="Extracellular adenylate cyclase">Extracellular adenylate cyclase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exotoxin#Types" title="Exotoxin">Mechanisms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Exotoxin#Type_I:_cell_surface-active" title="Exotoxin">type I</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superantigen" title="Superantigen">Superantigen</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exotoxin#Type_II:_membrane_damaging" title="Exotoxin">type II</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pore-forming_toxin" title="Pore-forming toxin">Pore-forming toxin</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exotoxin#Type_III:_intracellular" title="Exotoxin">type III</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AB_toxin" title="AB toxin">AB toxin</a>/<a href="/wiki/AB5_toxin" title="AB5 toxin">AB5</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Endotoxin">Endotoxin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide" title="Lipopolysaccharide">Lipopolysaccharide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipid_A" title="Lipid A">Lipid A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_endotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta endotoxin"><i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> delta endotoxin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cry1Ac" title="Cry1Ac">Cry1Ac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cry3Bb1" class="mw-redirect" title="Cry3Bb1">Cry3Bb1</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other <i>B. thuringiensis</i> toxins <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cry6Aa" title="Cry6Aa">Cry6Aa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cry34Ab1" title="Cry34Ab1">Cry34Ab1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virulence_factor" title="Virulence factor">Virulence<br /> factor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clumping_factor_A" title="Clumping factor A">Clumping factor A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibronectin_binding_protein_A" title="Fibronectin binding protein A">Fibronectin binding protein A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mycotoxin" title="Mycotoxin">Mycotoxins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aflatoxin" title="Aflatoxin">Aflatoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatoxin" title="Amatoxin">Amatoxin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alpha-Amanitin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Amanitin">alpha-amanitin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beta-Amanitin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Amanitin">beta-amanitin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gamma-Amanitin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Amanitin">gamma-amanitin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epsilon-Amanitin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epsilon-Amanitin">epsilon-amanitin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-Nitropropionic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Nitropropionic acid">beta-Nitropropionic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrinin" title="Citrinin">Citrinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytochalasin" title="Cytochalasin">Cytochalasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergotamine" title="Ergotamine">Ergotamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fumonisin" title="Fumonisin">Fumonisin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fumonisin_B1" title="Fumonisin B1">Fumonisin B1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fumonisin_B2" title="Fumonisin B2">Fumonisin B2</a>, Fumonisin B3, <a href="/wiki/Fumonisin_B4" title="Fumonisin B4">Fumonisin B4</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliotoxin" title="Gliotoxin">Gliotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibotenic_acid" title="Ibotenic acid">Ibotenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolitrem_B" title="Lolitrem B">Lolitrem B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscimol" title="Muscimol">Muscimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orellanine" title="Orellanine">Orellanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochratoxin" title="Ochratoxin">Ochratoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patulin" title="Patulin">Patulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalloidin" title="Phalloidin">Phalloidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterigmatocystin" title="Sterigmatocystin">Sterigmatocystin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichothecene" title="Trichothecene">Trichothecene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vomitoxin" title="Vomitoxin">Vomitoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeranol" title="Zeranol">Zeranol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zearalenone" title="Zearalenone">Zearalenone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plant</a> toxins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amygdalin" title="Amygdalin">Amygdalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisatin" title="Anisatin">Anisatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiarin" title="Antiarin">Antiarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brucine" title="Brucine">Brucine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaconine" title="Chaconine">Chaconine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicutoxin" title="Cicutoxin">Cicutoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coniine" title="Coniine">Coniine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphnin" title="Daphnin">Daphnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delphinine" title="Delphinine">Delphinine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divicine" title="Divicine">Divicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djenkolic_acid" title="Djenkolic acid">Djenkolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcarinol" title="Falcarinol">Falcarinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossypol" title="Gossypol">Gossypol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenalin" title="Helenalin">Helenalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ledol" title="Ledol">Ledol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linamarin" title="Linamarin">Linamarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotaustralin" title="Lotaustralin">Lotaustralin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimosine" title="Mimosine">Mimosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenanthotoxin" title="Oenanthotoxin">Oenanthotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleandrin" title="Oleandrin">Oleandrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persin" title="Persin">Persin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoanemonin" title="Protoanemonin">Protoanemonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudaconitine" title="Pseudaconitine">Pseudaconitine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retronecine" title="Retronecine">Retronecine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resiniferatoxin" title="Resiniferatoxin">Resiniferatoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyoscine_hydrobromide" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyoscine hydrobromide">Scopolamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solamargine" title="Solamargine">Solamargine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanidine" title="Solanidine">Solanidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solanine" title="Solanine">Solanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solasodamine" class="mw-redirect" title="Solasodamine">Solasodamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solasodine" title="Solasodine">Solasodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solasonine" title="Solasonine">Solasonine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solauricidine" class="mw-redirect" title="Solauricidine">Solauricidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solauricine" class="mw-redirect" title="Solauricine">Solauricine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strychnine" title="Strychnine">Strychnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swainsonine" title="Swainsonine">Swainsonine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagetitoxin" title="Tagetitoxin">Tagetitoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinyatoxin" title="Tinyatoxin">Tinyatoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomatine" title="Tomatine">Tomatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxalbumin" title="Toxalbumin">Toxalbumin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrin" title="Abrin">Abrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricin" title="Ricin">Ricin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutin_(toxin)" title="Tutin (toxin)">Tutin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">Invertebrate</a> <br />toxins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Scorpion" title="Scorpion">Scorpion</a>:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androctonus_australis_hector_insect_toxin" title="Androctonus australis hector insect toxin">Androctonus australis hector insect toxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charybdotoxin" title="Charybdotoxin">Charybdotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurotoxin" title="Maurotoxin">Maurotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agitoxin" title="Agitoxin">Agitoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margatoxin" title="Margatoxin">Margatoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slotoxin" title="Slotoxin">Slotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scyllatoxin" title="Scyllatoxin">Scyllatoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefutoxin" title="Hefutoxin">Hefutoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HgeTx1" title="HgeTx1">HgeTx1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HsTx1" title="HsTx1">HsTx1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliotoxin" title="Kaliotoxin">Kaliotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lq2" title="Lq2">Lq2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birtoxin" title="Birtoxin">Birtoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestoxin" title="Bestoxin">Bestoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BmKAEP" title="BmKAEP">BmKAEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaiodotoxin" title="Phaiodotoxin">Phaiodotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperatoxin" title="Imperatoxin">Imperatoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandinus_imperator_(Pi3)_toxin" title="Pandinus imperator (Pi3) toxin">Pi3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">Spider</a>:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latrotoxin" title="Latrotoxin">Latrotoxin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Latrotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Latrotoxin">Alpha-latrotoxin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSTX" title="CSTX">CSTX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupiennin" title="Cupiennin">Cupiennins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoneutria_nigriventer_toxin-3" title="Phoneutria nigriventer toxin-3">PhTx3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stromatoxin" title="Stromatoxin">Stromatoxin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vanillotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huwentoxin" title="Huwentoxin">Huwentoxin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">Mollusca</a>:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conotoxin" title="Conotoxin">Conotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eledoisin" title="Eledoisin">Eledoisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onchidal" title="Onchidal">Onchidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxitoxin" title="Saxitoxin">Saxitoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrodotoxin" title="Tetrodotoxin">Tetrodotoxin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">Vertebrate</a> <br />toxins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a>:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciguatoxin" title="Ciguatoxin">Ciguatoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrodotoxin" title="Tetrodotoxin">Tetrodotoxin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">Amphibian</a>:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allopumiliotoxin_267A" title="Allopumiliotoxin 267A">(+)-Allopumiliotoxin 267A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batrachotoxin" title="Batrachotoxin">Batrachotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bufotoxin" title="Bufotoxin">Bufotoxins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arenobufagin" title="Arenobufagin">Arenobufagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bufotalin" title="Bufotalin">Bufotalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bufotenin" title="Bufotenin">Bufotenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinobufagin" title="Cinobufagin">Cinobufagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinobufagenin" title="Marinobufagenin">Marinobufagin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epibatidine" title="Epibatidine">Epibatidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histrionicotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Histrionicotoxin">Histrionicotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumiliotoxin_251D" title="Pumiliotoxin 251D">Pumiliotoxin 251D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samandarin" title="Samandarin">Samandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samandaridine" title="Samandaridine">Samandaridine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrodotoxin" title="Tetrodotoxin">Tarichatoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zetekitoxin_AB" title="Zetekitoxin AB">Zetekitoxin AB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptile</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Snake_venom" title="Snake venom">Snake venom</a>:</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bungarotoxin" title="Bungarotoxin">Bungarotoxin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-Bungarotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha-Bungarotoxin">Alpha-Bungarotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-Bungarotoxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Bungarotoxin">Beta-Bungarotoxin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calciseptine" title="Calciseptine">Calciseptine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicatoxin" title="Taicatoxin">Taicatoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcicludine" title="Calcicludine">Calcicludine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiotoxin_III" title="Cardiotoxin III">Cardiotoxin III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>note: some toxins are produced by lower species and pass through intermediate species</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Toxicology" title="Category:Toxicology">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neurotoxins" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neurotoxins" title="Template:Neurotoxins"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neurotoxins" title="Template talk:Neurotoxins"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neurotoxins" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neurotoxins"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neurotoxins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neurotoxin" title="Neurotoxin">Neurotoxins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animal toxins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batrachotoxin" title="Batrachotoxin">Batrachotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestoxin" title="Bestoxin">Bestoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birtoxin" title="Birtoxin">Birtoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungarotoxin" title="Bungarotoxin">Bungarotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charybdotoxin" title="Charybdotoxin">Charybdotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conotoxin" title="Conotoxin">Conotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasciculin" title="Fasciculin">Fasciculin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huwentoxin" title="Huwentoxin">Huwentoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poneratoxin" title="Poneratoxin">Poneratoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxitoxin" title="Saxitoxin">Saxitoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrodotoxin" title="Tetrodotoxin">Tetrodotoxin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vanillotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssm_spooky_toxin" title="Ssm spooky toxin">Spooky toxin (SsTx)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epibatidine" title="Epibatidine">Epibatidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zetekitoxin_AB" title="Zetekitoxin AB">Zetekitoxin AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrotoxin" title="Dendrotoxin">Dendrotoxin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bacterial_toxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterial toxin">Bacterial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botulinum_toxin" title="Botulinum toxin">Botulinum toxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetanospasmin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetanospasmin">Tetanospasmin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyanotoxin" title="Cyanotoxin">Cyanotoxins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatoxin-a" title="Anatoxin-a">Anatoxin-a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanitoxin" title="Guanitoxin">Guanitoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta-Methylamino-L-alanine" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-Methylamino-L-alanine">BMAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxitoxin" title="Saxitoxin">Saxitoxin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_toxin" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant toxin">Plant toxins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aconitine" title="Aconitine">Aconitine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicuculline" title="Bicuculline">Bicuculline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitrem_A" title="Penitrem A">Penitrem A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrotoxin" title="Picrotoxin">Picrotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strychnine" title="Strychnine">Strychnine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutin_(toxin)" title="Tutin (toxin)">Tutin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotenone" title="Rotenone">Rotenone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgotoxin" title="Ginkgotoxin">Ginkgotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicutoxin" title="Cicutoxin">Cicutoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenanthotoxin" title="Oenanthotoxin">Oenanthotoxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thujone" title="Thujone">Thujone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkensin" title="Volkensin">Volkensin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veratridine" title="Veratridine">Veratridine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mycotoxin" title="Mycotoxin">Mycotoxins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibotenic_acid" title="Ibotenic acid">Ibotenic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscarine" title="Muscarine">Muscarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscimol" title="Muscimol">Muscimol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">Pesticides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fenpropathrin" title="Fenpropathrin">Fenpropathrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine" title="Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine">Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromethalin" title="Bromethalin">Bromethalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimidine" title="Crimidine">Crimidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamidophos" title="Methamidophos">Methamidophos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endosulfan" title="Endosulfan">Endosulfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fipronil" title="Fipronil">Fipronil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylsilatrane" title="Phenylsilatrane">Phenylsilatrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorophenylsilatrane" title="Chlorophenylsilatrane">Chlorophenylsilatrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfuryl_fluoride" title="Sulfuryl fluoride">Sulfuryl fluoride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mipafox" title="Mipafox">Mipafox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schradan" title="Schradan">Schradan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimefox" title="Dimefox">Dimefox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nerve_agent" title="Nerve agent">Nerve agents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclosarin" title="Cyclosarin">Cyclosarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-3148" title="EA-3148">EA-3148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novichok_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Novichok agent">Novichok agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarin" title="Sarin">Sarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soman" title="Soman">Soman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabun_(nerve_agent)" title="Tabun (nerve agent)">Tabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VE_(nerve_agent)" title="VE (nerve agent)">VE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VG_(nerve_agent)" title="VG (nerve agent)">VG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VM_(nerve_agent)" title="VM (nerve agent)">VM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP_(nerve_agent)" class="mw-redirect" title="VP (nerve agent)">VP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_(nerve_agent)" title="VR (nerve agent)">VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VX_(nerve_agent)" title="VX (nerve agent)">VX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GV_(nerve_agent)" title="GV (nerve agent)">GV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-3990" title="EA-3990">EA-3990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-4056" title="EA-4056">EA-4056</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-1123" title="T-1123">T-1123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium_bromide)" title="Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)">Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorotabun" title="Fluorotabun">Fluorotabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_VX" title="Chinese VX">Chinese VX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EA-2192" title="EA-2192">EA-2192</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bicyclic_phosphate" title="Bicyclic phosphate">Bicyclic phosphates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TBPS" title="TBPS">TBPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBPO" title="TBPO">TBPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPTBO" title="IPTBO">IPTBO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cholinergic neurotoxins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetylcholine_mustard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetylcholine mustard (page does not exist)">Acetylcholine mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catecholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catecholine (page does not exist)">Catecholine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choline_mustard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choline mustard (page does not exist)">Choline mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylcholine_mustard" title="Ethylcholine mustard">Ethylcholine mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemicholinium_mustard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemicholinium mustard (page does not exist)">Hemicholinium mustard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Psychoactive_drug" title="Psychoactive 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