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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career and contributions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career_and_contributions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">James Gosling</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA" title="جيمس غوسلينغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمس غوسلينغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceyms_Qoslinq" title="Ceyms Qoslinq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ceyms Qoslinq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82" title="جیمز قاسلینق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جیمز قاسلینق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="জেমস গসলিং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেমস গসলিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Джеймс Гослинг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джеймс Гослинг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="جیمز گاسلینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز گاسلینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B3%A0%EC%8A%AC%EB%A7%81" title="제임스 고슬링 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제임스 고슬링" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD_%D4%B3%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Ջեյմս Գոսլինգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեյմս Գոսլինգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="ג'יימס גוסלינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יימס גוסלינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಗೊಸ್ಲಿಂಗ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಗೊಸ್ಲಿಂಗ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="ჯეიმზ გოსლინგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯეიმზ გოსლინგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Джеймс Гослинг – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Джеймс Гослинг" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Gosling" title="Iacobus Gosling – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Gosling" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeimss_Goslings" title="Džeimss Goslings – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džeimss Goslings" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ജെയിംസ് ഗോസ്‌ലിങ്ങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജെയിംസ് ഗോസ്‌ലിങ്ങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC" title="جيمس جوسلينج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس جوسلينج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%82%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျိမ်းစ် ဂို့စ်လင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျိမ်းစ် ဂို့စ်လင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3" title="ジェームズ・ゴスリン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェームズ・ゴスリン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B8_%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97" title="ଜେମ୍ସ ଗସଲିଙ୍ଗ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜେମ୍ସ ଗସଲିଙ୍ଗ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Гослинг, Джеймс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гослинг, Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%82" title="ජේම්ස් ගොස්ලිං – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජේම්ස් ගොස්ලිං" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%DA%AF%DB%86%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="جەیمز گۆسلینگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەیمز گۆسلینگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Џејмс Гозлинг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џејмс Гозлинг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="జేమ్స్ గోస్లింగ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జేమ్స్ గోస్లింగ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="เจมส์ กอสลิง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจมส์ กอสลิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Джеймс Гослінг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Гослінг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Gosling" title="James Gosling – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="James Gosling" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="詹姆斯·高斯林 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="詹姆斯·高斯林" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="詹姆斯·高斯林 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="詹姆斯·高斯林" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian computer scientist (born 1955)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">James Gosling</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">OC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Gosling_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/James_Gosling_2008.jpg/220px-James_Gosling_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/James_Gosling_2008.jpg/330px-James_Gosling_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/James_Gosling_2008.jpg/440px-James_Gosling_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1460" data-file-height="1469" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Gosling in 2008</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">James Arthur Gosling</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1955-05-19</span>) </span>May 19, 1955<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 69)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, Canada</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary">University of Calgary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BSc</a>, 1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>; <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>, 1983)</li></ul> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java (programming language)</a> <a href="/wiki/Gosling_Emacs" title="Gosling Emacs">Gosling Emacs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a> <p>IEEE John von Neumann Medal The Economist Innovation Award NAE Foreign Member </p> Fellow <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Robotics" title="Liquid Robotics">Liquid Robotics</a><sup id="cite_ref-nighthacks1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nighthacks1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reports-archive.adm.cs.cmu.edu/anon/scan/CMU-CS-83-132.pdf">Algebraic Constraints</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1983)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Sproull" title="Bob Sproull">Bob Sproull</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raj_Reddy" title="Raj Reddy">Raj Reddy</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>James Arthur Gosling</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">OC</a></span></span> (born 19 May 1955) is a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Computer_scientist" title="Computer scientist">computer scientist</a>, best known as the founder and lead designer behind the <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java programming language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gosling was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a> in 2004 for the conception and development of the architecture for the Java programming language and for contributions to <a href="/wiki/Windowing_system" title="Windowing system">window systems</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Gosling&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gosling was born in <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary, Alberta</a>, to Joyce Morrison and Dave Gosling. He is of English, Welsh, Scottish, and Icelandic descent. Gosling attended <a href="/wiki/William_Aberhart_High_School" title="William Aberhart High School">William Aberhart High School</a>. While in high school, he wrote some of the software to analyze data from the <a href="/wiki/ISIS_(satellite)" title="ISIS (satellite)">ISIS 2</a> satellite, working for the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary" title="University of Calgary">University of Calgary</a> physics department.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> from the University of Calgary<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his M.A. and Ph.D. from <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>, all in <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-goslingphd_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goslingphd-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote a version of <a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">Emacs</a> called <a href="/wiki/Gosling_Emacs" title="Gosling Emacs">Gosling Emacs</a> (Gosmacs) while working toward his doctorate. He built a multi-processor version of Unix for a 16-way computer system<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while at Carnegie Mellon University, before joining <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>. He also developed several <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compilers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mail_transfer_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail transfer agent">mail systems</a> there. Gosling has two children, Katie and Kelsey, who are half siblings from his two marriages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_contributions">Career and contributions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Gosling&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and contributions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gosling was with Sun Microsystems between 1984 and 2010 (26 years). At Sun he invented an early Unix windowing system called <a href="/wiki/NeWS" title="NeWS">NeWS</a>, which became a lesser-used alternative to the still used <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a>, because Sun did not give it an open source license.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He is known as the father of the <a href="/wiki/Java_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Java programming language">Java programming language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LeavesSun_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeavesSun-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-joinGoogle_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joinGoogle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He got the idea for the <a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java VM</a> while writing a program to port software from a <a href="/wiki/PERQ" title="PERQ">PERQ</a> by translating Perq Q-Code to VAX assembler and emulating the hardware. He is generally credited with having invented the <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> programming language in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He created the original design of Java and implemented the language's original compiler and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gosling traces the origins of the approach to his early graduate student days, when he created a <a href="/wiki/P-code_machine" title="P-code machine">p-code virtual machine</a> for the lab's <a href="/wiki/DEC_VAX" class="mw-redirect" title="DEC VAX">DEC VAX</a> computer, so that his professor could run programs written in <a href="/wiki/UCSD_Pascal" title="UCSD Pascal">UCSD Pascal</a>. In the work leading to Java at Sun, he saw that architecture-neutral execution for widely distributed programs could be achieved by implementing a similar philosophy: always program for the same virtual machine.<sup id="cite_ref-McMillan2011_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMillan2011-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another contribution of Gosling's was co-writing the "<a href="/wiki/Shar_(file_format)" title="Shar (file format)">bundle</a>" program, known as "shar", a utility thoroughly detailed in <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kernighan" title="Brian Kernighan">Brian Kernighan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rob_Pike" title="Rob Pike">Rob Pike</a>'s book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Unix_Programming_Environment" title="The Unix Programming Environment">The Unix Programming Environment</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He left Sun Microsystems on April 2, 2010, after it was acquired by the <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-LeavesSun_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeavesSun-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> citing reductions in pay, status, and decision-making ability, along with change of role and ethical challenges.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has since taken a very critical stance towards Oracle in interviews, noting that "during the integration meetings between Sun and Oracle, where we were being grilled about the patent situation between Sun and Google, we could see the Oracle lawyer's eyes sparkle."<sup id="cite_ref-joinGoogle_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joinGoogle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He clarified his position during the <i><a href="/wiki/Oracle_v._Google" class="mw-redirect" title="Oracle v. Google">Oracle v. Google</a></i> trial over Android: "While I have differences with Oracle, in this case they are in the right. Google totally slimed Sun. We were all really disturbed, even <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_I._Schwartz" title="Jonathan I. Schwartz">Jonathan</a> [Schwartz]: he just decided to put on a happy face and tried to turn lemons into lemonade, which annoyed a lot of folks at Sun."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he approved of the court's ruling that APIs should not be copyrightable.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2011, Gosling joined <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six months later, he followed his colleague Bill Vass and joined a startup called <a href="/wiki/Liquid_Robotics" title="Liquid Robotics">Liquid Robotics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nighthacks1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nighthacks1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 2016, Liquid Robotics was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the acquisition, Gosling left Liquid Robotics to work at <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a> as Distinguished Engineer in May 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-aws_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aws-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He retired in July 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is an advisor at the <a href="/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a> company <a href="/wiki/Lightbend" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightbend">Lightbend</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Independent Director at <a href="/wiki/Jelastic" title="Jelastic">Jelastic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Strategic Advisor for <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucalyptus (computing)">Eucalyptus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is a board member of DIRTT Environmental Solutions.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Gosling&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For his achievement, the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineering" title="National Academy of Engineering">National Academy of Engineering</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> elected him as a Foreign Associate member.<sup id="cite_ref-NAE_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAE-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>2002: awarded <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> Innovation Award.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2002: awarded <i><a href="/wiki/USENIX#USENIX_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="USENIX">The Flame Award</a></i> USENIX Lifetime Achievement Award.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007: made an Officer of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Order is Canada's second highest civilian honor. Officers are the second highest grade within the Order.</li> <li>2013: became a <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">fellow</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2015: awarded <a href="/wiki/IEEE_John_von_Neumann_Medal" title="IEEE John von Neumann Medal">IEEE John von Neumann Medal</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019: named a <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a> <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">Fellow</a> for the conception, design, and implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> programming language.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Gosling&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Arnold" title="Ken Arnold">Ken Arnold</a>, James Gosling, David Holmes, <i>The Java Programming Language, Fourth Edition</i>, Addison-Wesley Professional, 2005, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-34980-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-34980-6">0-321-34980-6</a></li> <li>James Gosling, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Joy" title="Bill Joy">Bill Joy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_L._Steele,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Guy L. Steele, Jr.">Guy L. Steele Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilad_Bracha" title="Gilad Bracha">Gilad Bracha</a>, <i>The Java Language Specification, Third Edition</i>, Addison-Wesley Professional, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-24678-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-24678-0">0-321-24678-0</a></li> <li>Ken Arnold, James Gosling, David Holmes, <i>The Java Programming Language, Third Edition</i>, Addison-Wesley Professional, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-70433-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-70433-1">0-201-70433-1</a></li> <li>James Gosling, Bill Joy, Guy L. Steele Jr., Gilad Bracha, <i>The Java Language Specification, Second Edition</i>, Addison-Wesley, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-31008-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-31008-2">0-201-31008-2</a></li> <li>Gregory Bollella (Editor), Benjamin Brosgol, James Gosling, Peter Dibble, Steve Furr, David Hardin, Mark Turnbull, <i>The Real-Time Specification for Java</i>, Addison Wesley Longman, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-70323-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-70323-8">0-201-70323-8</a></li> <li>Ken Arnold, James Gosling, <i>The Java programming language Second Edition</i>, Addison-Wesley, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-31006-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-31006-6">0-201-31006-6</a></li> <li>Ken Arnold, James Gosling, <i>The Java programming language</i>, Addison-Wesley, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-63455-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-63455-4">0-201-63455-4</a></li> <li>James Gosling, Bill Joy, Guy L. Steele Jr., <i>The Java Language Specification</i>, Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-63451-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-63451-1">0-201-63451-1</a></li> <li>James Gosling, Frank Yellin, The Java Team, <i>The Java Application Programming Interface, Volume 2: Window Toolkit and Applets</i>, Addison-Wesley, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-63459-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-63459-7">0-201-63459-7</a></li> <li>James Gosling, Frank Yellin, The Java Team, <i>The Java Application Programming Interface, Volume 1: Core Packages</i>, Addison-Wesley, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-63453-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-63453-8">0-201-63453-8</a></li> <li>James Gosling, Henry McGilton, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stroustrup.com/1995_Java_whitepaper.pdf">The Java language Environment: A white paper</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, 1996</li> <li>James Gosling, <a href="/wiki/David_S._H._Rosenthal" title="David S. H. Rosenthal">David S. H. Rosenthal</a>, Michelle J. Arden, <i>The NeWS Book: An Introduction to the Network/Extensible Window System (Sun Technical Reference Library)</i>, Springer, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-387-96915-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-387-96915-2">0-387-96915-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Gosling&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Nighthacks.com. Retrieved on 2016-05-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathgene-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=50143">James Gosling</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/1793/james-gosling/">"James Gosling - Computing History"</a>. <i>Computinghistory.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computinghistory.org.uk&rft.atitle=James+Gosling+-+Computing+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computinghistory.org.uk%2Fdet%2F1793%2Fjames-gosling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Gosling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling2019" class="citation interview cs1">Gosling, James (March 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2019/10/102781080-05-01-acc.pdf">"Oral History of James Gosling, part 1 of 2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Interview). Interviewed by Hansen Hsu; Marc Weber. pp. <span class="nowrap">19–</span>24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oral+History+of+James+Gosling%2C+part+1+of+2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.computerhistory.org%2Fresources%2Faccess%2Ftext%2F2019%2F10%2F102781080-05-01-acc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Gosling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nighthacks.com/roller/jag/resource/bio.html">"academic-conference-style bio of James Gosling"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150601031152/http://nighthacks.com/roller/jag/resource/bio.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=academic-conference-style+bio+of+James+Gosling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnighthacks.com%2Froller%2Fjag%2Fresource%2Fbio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Gosling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goslingphd-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-goslingphd_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling1983" class="citation thesis cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gosling, James</a> (1983). <i>Algebraic Constraints</i> (PhD thesis). Carnegie Mellon University. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/303133100">303133100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Algebraic+Constraints&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=Carnegie+Mellon+University&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Gosling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~alumni/advisor.html#G">Phd Awards By Advisor</a>. Cs.cmu.edu. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Gosling mentioned a multiprocessor Unix in his statement during the <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="United States v. Microsoft">US vs Microsoft Antitrust DOJ trial</a> in 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usdoj.gov/atr/cases/f2000/2049.htm">"DOJ/Antitrust"</a>. <i>Statement in MS Antitrust case</i>. US DOJ<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statement+in+MS+Antitrust+case&rft.atitle=DOJ%2FAntitrust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usdoj.gov%2Fatr%2Fcases%2Ff2000%2F2049.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Gosling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeavesSun-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LeavesSun_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeavesSun_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuevin" class="citation web cs1">Guevin, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/java-co-creator-james-gosling-leaves-oracle/">"Java co-creator James Gosling leaves Oracle"</a>. <i>CNET</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=Java+co-creator+James+Gosling+leaves+Oracle&rft.aulast=Guevin&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Fjava-co-creator-james-gosling-leaves-oracle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Gosling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-joinGoogle-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-joinGoogle_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-joinGoogle_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shankland, Stephen. (2011-03-28) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/java-founder-james-gosling-joins-google/">Java founder James Gosling joins Google</a>. CNET Retrieved on 2012-02-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllman2004" class="citation journal cs1">Allman, E. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1016998.1017013">"Interview: A Conversation with James Gosling"</a>. <i>Queue</i>. <b>2</b> (5): 24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1016998.1017013">10.1145/1016998.1017013</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Queue&rft.atitle=Interview%3A+A+Conversation+with+James+Gosling&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=24&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F1016998.1017013&rft.aulast=Allman&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F1016998.1017013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Gosling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gosling, J.</a> (1997). "The feel of Java". <i>Computer</i>. <b>30</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">53–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2F2.587548">10.1109/2.587548</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer&rft.atitle=The+feel+of+Java&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2F2.587548&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Gosling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChangHallTreichel1998" class="citation journal cs1">Chang, Ching-Chih; Hall, Amy; Treichel, Jeanie (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=974955&dl=GUIDE&coll=GUIDE&CFID=75229392&CFTOKEN=55758856">"Sun Labs-The First Five Years: The First Fifty Technical Reports. A Commemorative Issue"</a>. <i>Ching-Chih Chang, Amy Hall, Jeanie Treichel</i>. Sun Microsystems, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ching-Chih+Chang%2C+Amy+Hall%2C+Jeanie+Treichel&rft.atitle=Sun+Labs-The+First+Five+Years%3A+The+First+Fifty+Technical+Reports.+A+Commemorative+Issue&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Ching-Chih&rft.au=Hall%2C+Amy&rft.au=Treichel%2C+Jeanie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.acm.org%2Fcitation.cfm%3Fid%3D974955%26dl%3DGUIDE%26coll%3DGUIDE%26CFID%3D75229392%26CFTOKEN%3D55758856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Gosling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosling2004" class="citation web cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gosling, James</a> (August 31, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1017013">"A Conversation with James Gosling"</a>. <i>ACM Queue</i>. ACM<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2014</span>. <q>At Sun he is best known for creating the original design of Java and implementing its original compiler and virtual machine.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ACM+Queue&rft.atitle=A+Conversation+with+James+Gosling&rft.date=2004-08-31&rft.aulast=Gosling&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqueue.acm.org%2Fdetail.cfm%3Fid%3D1017013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Gosling" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McMillan2011-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McMillan2011_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMillan,_W.W.2011" class="citation journal cs1">McMillan, W.W. (2011). 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Typesafe.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoq.com/news/2014/11/Gosling-and-Souza-Join-Jelastic">James Gosling and Bruno Souza Join Jelastic as Advisers</a>. InfoQ.com. Retrieved on 2014-11-24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eucalyptus.com/news/eucalyptus-appoints-dr-james-gosling-inventor-java-strategic-advisor">Eucalyptus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130425061622/http://www.eucalyptus.com/news/eucalyptus-appoints-dr-james-gosling-inventor-java-strategic-advisor">Archived</a> 2013-04-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Recorded 2016-04-11</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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(software platform)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">JVM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Platform,_Micro_Edition" title="Java Platform, Micro Edition">Java ME</a> (Micro)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Platform,_Standard_Edition" title="Java Platform, Standard Edition">Java SE</a> (Standard)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_EE" title="Jakarta EE">Jakarta EE</a> (Enterprise)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Card" title="Java Card">Java Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Android_software_development#SDK" title="Android software development">Android SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraalVM" title="GraalVM">GraalVM</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duke_(Java_mascot)_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Duke_%28Java_mascot%29_waving.svg/75px-Duke_%28Java_mascot%29_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Duke_%28Java_mascot%29_waving.svg/113px-Duke_%28Java_mascot%29_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Duke_%28Java_mascot%29_waving.svg/150px-Duke_%28Java_mascot%29_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oracle technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squawk_virtual_machine" title="Squawk virtual machine">Squawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Development_Kit" title="Java Development Kit">Java Development Kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenJDK" title="OpenJDK">OpenJDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaFX" title="JavaFX">JavaFX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Virtual_Machine" title="Maxine Virtual Machine">Maxine VM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platform technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Servlet" title="Jakarta Servlet">Servlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDlet" title="MIDlet">MIDlets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Server_Pages" title="Jakarta Server Pages">JSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Faces" title="Jakarta Faces">JSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Web_Start" title="Java Web Start">Web Start</a> (JNLP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pack200" title="Pack200">Pack200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Platform_Module_System" title="Java Platform Module System">Modules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_applet" title="Java applet">applets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major third-party<br />technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Classpath" title="GNU Classpath">GNU Classpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibernate_(framework)" title="Hibernate (framework)">Hibernate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Framework" title="Spring Framework">Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Toolkit" title="Google Web Toolkit">GWT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IcedTea" title="IcedTea">IcedTea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazelle" title="Jazelle">Jazelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Struts" title="Apache Struts">Struts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_TopLink" title="Oracle TopLink">TopLink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WildFly" title="WildFly">WildFly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackdown_Java" title="Blackdown Java">blackdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Harmony" title="Apache Harmony">harmony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java_version_history" title="Java version history">Java version history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Community_Process" title="Java Community Process">Java Community Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Java_implementations" title="Free Java implementations">Free Java implementations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_JVM_languages" title="List of JVM languages">JVM languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeanShell" title="BeanShell">BeanShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groovy_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groovy (programming language)">Groovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JRuby" title="JRuby">JRuby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jython" title="Jython">Jython</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotlin_(programming_language)" title="Kotlin (programming language)">Kotlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processing" title="Processing">Processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Rhino (JavaScript engine)">Rhino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygene_(programming_language)" title="Oxygene (programming language)">Oxygene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_conference" title="Professional conference">Conferences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JavaOne" title="JavaOne">JavaOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devoxx" title="Devoxx">Devoxx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Foundation" title="Eclipse Foundation">Eclipse Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Community_Process" title="Java Community Process">Java Community Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Microsystems Laboratories">Sun Microsystems Laboratories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Gosling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_van_Hoff" title="Arthur van Hoff">Arthur van Hoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urs_H%C3%B6lzle" title="Urs Hölzle">Urs Hölzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Naughton" title="Patrick Naughton">Patrick Naughton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Java_(programming_language)" title="Category:Java (programming language)">Category</a></b>   <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Octicons-terminal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/24px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/37px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Octicons-terminal.svg/49px-Octicons-terminal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Computer_programming" title="Portal:Computer programming">Computer programming portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92622#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2703" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92622#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2703" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92622#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108139902">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/24715008">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1428208/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkhMhhwd89cK9qRyTWqwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/111950961">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88217039">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12545725m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12545725m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00478026">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ntk2012686135&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX836428">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p157857808">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200105121">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810670368705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007440502405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14442546">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03623167?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=50143">Mathematics Genealogy 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