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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latviešu_valodā"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Latviešu valodā</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Latviešu_valodā-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Latviešu valodā apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Latviešu_valodā-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Darbības_principi_latviešu_valodā" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darbības_principi_latviešu_valodā"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Darbības principi latviešu valodā</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darbības_principi_latviešu_valodā-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latgaliešu_dialektā" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latgaliešu_dialektā"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Latgaliešu dialektā</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latgaliešu_dialektā-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izcelsme_latviešu_valodā" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izcelsme_latviešu_valodā"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Izcelsme latviešu valodā</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izcelsme_latviešu_valodā-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atsauces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atsauces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Atsauces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atsauces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Patskaņu harmonija</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 50 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AA" title="انسجام صائت – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انسجام صائت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ah%C9%99ng_qanunu" title="Ahəng qanunu – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ahəng qanunu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="هاوا یاساسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هاوا یاساسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85" title="Гармонія галосных – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гармонія галосных" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesonerezh_vogalennek" title="Hesonerezh vogalennek – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hesonerezh vogalennek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonia_voc%C3%A0lica" title="Harmonia vocàlica – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Harmonia vocàlica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vok%C3%A1lov%C3%A1_harmonie" title="Vokálová harmonie – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vokálová harmonie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Сингармонизм – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сингармонизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokalharmonie" title="Vokalharmonie – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vokalharmonie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wokalna_harmonija" title="Wokalna harmonija – lejassorbu" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wokalna harmonija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lejassorbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Φωνηεντική αρμονία – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φωνηεντική αρμονία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_harmony" title="Vowel harmony – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vowel harmony" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokala_harmonio" title="Vokala harmonio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vokala harmonio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armon%C3%ADa_voc%C3%A1lica" title="Armonía vocálica – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Armonía vocálica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokaalharmoonia" title="Vokaalharmoonia – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vokaalharmoonia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="هماهنگی واکه‌ای – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هماهنگی واکه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokaalisointu" title="Vokaalisointu – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vokaalisointu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vabahelle_kokkok%C3%B5la" title="Vabahelle kokkokõla – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vabahelle kokkokõla" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonie_vocalique" title="Harmonie vocalique – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Harmonie vocalique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="स्वर सहयोग – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वर सहयोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wokalna_harmonija" title="Wokalna harmonija – augšsorbu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wokalna harmonija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="augšsorbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mag%C3%A1nhangz%C3%B3-harm%C3%B3nia" title="Magánhangzó-harmónia – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Magánhangzó-harmónia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA" title="Հոդակապ – armēņu" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հոդակապ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armonia_vocalica" title="Armonia vocalica – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Armonia vocalica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E8%AA%BF%E5%92%8C" title="母音調和 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="母音調和" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_%D2%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Дауыстылар үндестігі – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дауыстылар үндестігі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%8C_%EC%A1%B0%ED%99%94" title="모음 조화 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모음 조화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A9%D1%88%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BA" title="Үндөштүк – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Үндөштүк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocaolhermenie" title="Vocaolhermenie – limburgiešu" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Vocaolhermenie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balsi%C5%B3_harmonija" title="Balsių harmonija – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Balsių harmonija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Самогласна хармонија – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Самогласна хармонија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BE%D1%85_%D1%91%D1%81" title="Эгшиг зохицох ёс – mongoļu" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эгшиг зохицох ёс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinkerharmonie" title="Klinkerharmonie – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klinkerharmonie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokalharmoni" title="Vokalharmoni – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vokalharmoni" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokalharmoni" title="Vokalharmoni – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vokalharmoni" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸ੍ਵਰ ਇਕਸੁਰਤਾ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ੍ਵਰ ਇਕਸੁਰਤਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonia_samog%C5%82osek" title="Harmonia samogłosek – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Harmonia samogłosek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonia_voc%C3%A1lica" title="Harmonia vocálica – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Harmonia vocálica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armonie_vocalic%C4%83" title="Armonie vocalică – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Armonie vocalică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Сингармонизм – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сингармонизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vouel_harmony" title="Vouel harmony – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vouel harmony" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vokalharmoni" title="Vokalharmoni – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vokalharmoni" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_%C3%BCnl%C3%BC_uyumu" title="Büyük ünlü uyumu – turku" 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(valodniecība)">asimilējošs</a> <a href="/wiki/Fonolo%C4%A3ija" title="Fonoloģija">fonoloģisks</a> process. Atkarībā no terminoloģijas, tas ir viens no diviem metafonijas paveidiem.<sup id="cite_ref-metafonija_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metafonija-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Valodās, kurās darbojas patskaņu harmonija, ir ierobežojumi, kādi patskaņi var atrasties līdzās cits citam, respektīvi, patskaņiem ir jābūt saskaņotiem pēc kāda noteikta kritērija. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Virziens_un_kritēriji"><span id="Virziens_un_krit.C4.93riji"></span>Virziens un kritēriji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patska%C5%86u_harmonija&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Virziens un kritēriji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patska%C5%86u_harmonija&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Virziens un kritēriji"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Progresīva metafonija</b> ir saskaņošanās no kreisās uz labo pusi jeb no vārda sākuma uz beigām. Šaurākajā nozīmē tikai progresīvu metafoniju sauc par patskaņu harmoniju. Progresīva patskaņu harmonija darbojas vairākās <a href="/wiki/Ur%C4%81lie%C5%A1u_valodas" title="Urāliešu valodas">urāliešu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Tjurku_valodas" title="Tjurku valodas">tjurku valodās</a>. Piemēram, šādos <a href="/wiki/Turku_valoda" title="Turku valoda">turku valodas</a> vārdos <a href="/wiki/Pied%C4%93klis" title="Piedēklis">piedēklis</a> ir saskaņots ar saknes patskani: <i><b>e</b>v<b>i</b>m</i> "mana māja", <i>k<b>o</b>l<b>u</b>m</i> "mana roka", <i><b>u</b>l<b>u</b>s<b>u</b>m</i> "mana tauta", <i>g<b>ü</b>l<b>ü</b>m</i> "mana roze".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Šajos piemēros redzama saskaņošanās gan pēc piederības priekšējai (⟨e⟩ ar ⟨i⟩, arī (⟨ü⟩ ar ⟨ü⟩) vai pakaļējai (⟨o, u⟩ ar ⟨u⟩) rindai, gan pēc <a href="/wiki/Labializ%C4%81cija" title="Labializācija">labializācijas</a>/noapaļotības (⟨ü⟩ ar ⟨ü⟩).</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Regresīva metafonija</b> ir saskaņošanās no labās puses uz kreiso jeb no vārda beigām uz sākumu. Regresīvu metafoniju mēdz saukt par <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umlauts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umlauts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">umlautu</a></b>. Vēl šaurākā nozīmē umlauts ir tieši pakaļējās rindas patskaņu kļūšana par priekšējās rindas patskaņiem sekojoša priekšējās rindas patskaņa ietekmē, piemēram, <a href="/wiki/V%C4%81cu_valoda" title="Vācu valoda">vācu valodas</a> vārdos <i>der Gast</i> — <i>die Gäste</i> "viesis — viesi", <i>der Wolf</i> — <i>die Wölfe</i> "vilks — vilki", <i>der Baum</i> — <i>die Bäume</i> "koks — koki".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latviešu_valodā"><span id="Latvie.C5.A1u_valod.C4.81"></span>Latviešu valodā</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patska%C5%86u_harmonija&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Latviešu valodā" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patska%C5%86u_harmonija&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Latviešu valodā"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latviešu valodas "šaurais" un "platais ⟨e⟩" šaurākajā nozīmē neatbilst patskaņu harmonijas jēdzienam, jo ir regresīvs. Parādība ir līdzīga umlautam (īpaši latgaliešu valodā), taču šo nosaukumu parasti izmanto tikai ģermāņu valodu kontekstā. Visprecīzākais nosaukums latviešu valodā novērojamā procesa definēšanai būtu regresīva metafonija.<sup id="cite_ref-metafonija_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metafonija-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angļu valodas publikācijās, atsaucoties uz procesu latviešu valodā, tomēr bieži tiek lietots apzīmējums patskaņu harmonija.<sup id="cite_ref-garry_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-garry-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Darbības_principi_latviešu_valodā"><span id="Darb.C4.ABbas_principi_latvie.C5.A1u_valod.C4.81"></span>Darbības principi latviešu valodā</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patska%C5%86u_harmonija&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Darbības principi latviešu valodā" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patska%C5%86u_harmonija&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Darbības principi latviešu valodā"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No praktiska, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinhronija_un_diahronija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinhronija un diahronija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">sinhroniska</a> viedokļa (pieņemot, ka šaura izruna nosacīti varētu tikt uzskatīta par burta ⟨e⟩ "standarta" izrunu) varētu teikt, ka priekšējās rindas vidēji augstais <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/e/</span> kļūst par pazemināto <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/æ/</span>, ja tam seko kāds pakaļējās rindas patskanis, to vidū <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/a/</span>, <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/u/</span>, <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/uo/</span>. </p><p>Taču no vēsturiska, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinhronija_un_diahronija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinhronija un diahronija (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">diahroniska</a> skatpunkta, ja salīdzina latviešu vārdus ar to <a href="/wiki/Lietuvie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Lietuviešu valoda">lietuviešu</a> analogiem redzams, ka mantotos vārdos, uzsvērtā pozīcijā lietuviešu valodas ⟨e⟩ vērtība kā likums ir plats <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/æ/</span>, piemēram, <i>berti</i> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ˈbʲæːɾʲtʲɪ/</span> "bērt", <i>eglė</i> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ˈæːɡleː/</span> "egle", <i>erkė</i> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/ˈæːɾʲkʲeː/</span> "ērce" utt. Tādējādi varētu teikt, ka plats <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/æ/</span> ir burta ⟨e⟩ "izejas" vērtība un latviešu valodā noteiktos apstākļos tas ticis "šaurināts" (paaugstināts). No tā izrietoši, latviešu valodniecībā un latviešu valodas mācību līdzekļos parasti tiek runāts par t.s. <b>šaurinātājskaņām</b>, kuras ir priekšējās rindas patskaņi <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/i/</span> un <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/e/</span> un <a href="/wiki/Palat%C4%81li_l%C4%ABdzska%C5%86i" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatāli līdzskaņi">palatāli līdzskaņi</a>, to vidū <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/j/</span> un mīkstinātie līdzskaņi. Pēdējo divu skaņu grupu nosacīta līdzība ir to viena otrai tuvās <a href="/wiki/Artikul%C4%81cijas_vieta" title="Artikulācijas vieta">artikulācijas vietas</a>, piemēram, bieži novērojamā priekšējās rindas patskaņa <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/i/</span> mīšanās ar palatālo līdzskani <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/j/</span> vai vairākās (to vidū, lietuviešu un krievu) valodās sastopamā asimilatīvā palatalizācija, kad priekšējās rindas <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/i/</span> un <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/e/</span> palatalizē (mīkstina) pirms tiem esošos līdzskaņus. </p><p>Pirmās deklinācijas vīriešu dzimtes vārdos, kas beidzas ar "-s" patskaņu harmonija būtu interpretējama kā agrāk pastāvējušās vīriešu dzimtes galotnes <i>*-as</i> reflekss, piemēram, vārdā "vēders" <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/væːdærs/</span> no <i>*vēderas</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tā pat arī darbības vārdos kā izzudušu tagadnes galotņu reflekss, sal. latviešu "tu cērt" <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/tseːrt/</span> pretstatā "viņš cērt" <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/tsæːrt/</span>, lietuviešu <i>kert<b>i</b></i> ("tu cērt") un <i>kert<b>a</b></i> ("viņš cērt").<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pieņemot, ka plati baltu <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/æ/</span> latviešu valodā ir vēsturiski šaurinājušies, nebūtu sagaidāms šai parādībai pretējs process, kad aizgūtu vārdu šauri ⟨e⟩ paplatinātos "atpakaļ" uz senāko baltu vērtību. Aplūkojot to no otra, sinhroniskā skatpunkta (t.i., ka šauri ⟨e⟩ noteiktos apstākļos "paplatinās") varētu teikt, ka patskaņu harmonija latviešu valodā nav pilnīgi produktīva, respektīvi, tai var netikt pakļauti salīdzinoši nesen aizgūti vārdi un <a href="/wiki/Internacion%C4%81lisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Internacionālisms">internacionālismi</a>, piemēram, šādos aizguvumu un mantotu vārdu pāros, kur ⟨e⟩ ir līdzīgās pozīcijās, tā asimilācija atšķiras: </p> <ul><li>v<b>ē</b>na — <b>ē</b>na</li> <li>prezid<b>e</b>nts — V<b>e</b>nts</li></ul> <p>Dažkārt sastopami izņēmumi, kad <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/e/</span> tiek asimilēts arī internacionālismos, piemēram, vārdā "persona" <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/pærsoːna/</span>, turklāt darbības vārdos (specifiskāk, vēlējuma izteiksmē ar galotni "-u") asimilācija vienmēr ir produktīva neatkarīgi no vārda aizgūšanas senuma, piemēram, "menedžēt" <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/menedʒeːt/</span> — "menedžētu" <span style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', Gentium, GentiumAlt, tahoma, Code2000, 'Doulos SIL', Gentium, 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Lucida Grande', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', Arial, sans-serif;" dir="ltr">/mænædʒæːtu/</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latgaliešu_dialektā"><span id="Latgalie.C5.A1u_dialekt.C4.81"></span>Latgaliešu dialektā</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patska%C5%86u_harmonija&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļu: Latgaliešu dialektā" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patska%C5%86u_harmonija&action=edit&section=4" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Latgaliešu dialektā"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kaut arī <a href="/wiki/Latgalie%C5%A1u_dialekts" class="mw-redirect" title="Latgaliešu dialekts">latgaliešu dialekta</a> runātājiem stereotipiski raksturīga nespēja diferenciēt starp "platajiem" un "šaurajiem ⟨e⟩", runājot standarta latviešu valodā, latgaliešu dialektā pastāv izvērstāka patskaņu harmonija nekā standarta latviešu valodā. Pateicoties latgaliešu patskaņu pārvirzēm, patskaņu harmonija kļūst redzama arī ortogrāfijā, dažkārt pat viena vārda ietvaros, piemēram: </p> <ul><li><b>a</b>z<b>a</b>rs — <b>e</b>z<b>e</b>r<b>e</b>ņš<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Atšķirībā no standarta latviešu valodas, kur novērojama tikai opozīcija pēc paaugstinājuma, latgaliešu valodā novērojama pārvirzīšanās starp <a href="/w/index.php?title=Priek%C5%A1%C4%93j%C4%81s_rindas_patska%C5%86i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priekšējās rindas patskaņi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">priekšējo</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paka%C4%BC%C4%93j%C4%81s_rindas_patska%C5%86i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pakaļējās rindas patskaņi (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">pakaļējo rindu</a> atkarībā no tā, vai vārda izskaņā ir priekšējās vai pakaļējās rindas patskanis, ko varētu ilustrēt ar rindu: </p> <ul><li>šketerēt (<abbr title="cēlies no"><</abbr> <abbr title="vēsturiski pastāvējusi forma">*</abbr><i>šk<b>e</b>t<b>e</b>r<b>ē</b>t<b>i</b></i>) — šk<b>a</b>t<b>a</b>r<b>ā</b>t<b>u</b> — v<b>a</b>s<b>a</b>r<b>e</b>ņa — v<b>o</b>s<b>o</b>r<b>a</b>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Izcelsme_latviešu_valodā"><span id="Izcelsme_latvie.C5.A1u_valod.C4.81"></span>Izcelsme latviešu valodā</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patska%C5%86u_harmonija&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļu: Izcelsme latviešu valodā" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patska%C5%86u_harmonija&action=edit&section=5" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Izcelsme latviešu valodā"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Baltijas_somu_valodas" title="Baltijas somu valodas">Baltijas somu valodu</a> ietekme tiek minēta kā patskaņu harmonijas avots latviešu valodā.<sup id="cite_ref-garry_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-garry-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lietuviešu valodā patskaņu harmonija nepastāv, kā pieminēts augstāk, uzsvērts ⟨e⟩ mantotos vārdos lietuviešu valodā ir plats arī pirms priekšējās rindas patskaņiem (t.i., vidē, kur latviešu valodā tas šaurinātos). </p><p><a href="/wiki/L%C4%ABbie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Lībiešu valoda">Lībiešu</a> un (standarta) <a href="/wiki/Igau%C5%86u_valoda" title="Igauņu valoda">ziemeļigauņu</a> valodā nav patskaņu harmonijas. Daži autori spekulējuši, ka tas noticis baltu ietekmē, taču citi autori norāda, ka šāds apgalvojums nevar būt patiess, jo netālu no <a href="/wiki/Latvija" title="Latvija">Latvijas</a> robežas runātajā <a href="/wiki/Verie%C5%A1u_valoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Veriešu valoda">veriešu valodā</a> pastāv patskaņu harmonija.<sup id="cite_ref-DahlKoptjevskaja-Tamm2001_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DahlKoptjevskaja-Tamm2001-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atsauces">Atsauces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patska%C5%86u_harmonija&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļu: Atsauces" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patska%C5%86u_harmonija&action=edit&section=6" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Atsauces"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-metafonija-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-metafonija_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-metafonija_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://termini.lza.lv/term.php?term=metaphony&list=&lang=&h=yes"><i>Valodniecības pamatterminu skaidrojošā vārdnīca</i></a>. Rīga. 2007. <q>Progresīva vai regresīva vokālisma asimilācija vārdā vai vārdformā. Progresīvā vokālisma asimilācija (patskaņu harmonija) sastopama somugru valodās, regresīvā — ģermāņu valodās (umlauts), kā arī latviešu valodā, piemēram, e, ē pārskaņa par [e], [ē], [æ], [æ] sekojoša priekšējās vai pakaļējās rindas vokālisma, kā arī līdzskaņu ļ, ņ, ŗ, ķ, ģ, j ietekmē [sæg] sega; [dæls] dēls; [sedzi] sedziņa; [tse] ceļš.</q></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204320/http://termini.lza.lv/term.php?term=vowel%20harmony&list=&lang=&h=yes"><i>Valodniecības pamatterminu skaidrojošā vārdnīca</i></a>. Rīga. 2007. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://termini.lza.lv/term.php?term=vowel%20harmony&list=&lang=&h=yes">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2016. gada 4. martā. <q>Afiksa patskaņa kvalitātes pielāgošanās vārda saknes vokālismam, piemēram, turku valodā evim ‘mana māja’, kolum ‘mana roka’, ulusum ‘mana tauta’, gülüm ‘mana roze’.</q></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195512/http://termini.lza.lv/term.php?term=umlaut&list=&lang=&h=yes"><i>Valodniecības pamatterminu skaidrojošā vārdnīca</i></a>. Rīga. 2007. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://termini.lza.lv/term.php?term=umlaut&list=&lang=&h=yes">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2016. gada 4. martā. <q>Regresīva vokālisma pārskaņa, pakaļējās rindas patskaņiem un divskaņiem kļūstot par priekšējās rindas patskaņiem un divskaņiem sekojoša priekšējās rindas vokālisma ietekmē, piemēram, vācu valodā lietvārda vienskaitļa un daudzskaitļa formu pretstatījumā der Gast — die Gäste ‘viesis — viesi’, der Wolf — die Wölfe ‘vilks — vilki’, der Baum — die Bäume ‘koks — koki’.</q></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-garry-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-garry_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-garry_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Jane Garry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.lv/books?id=SGtiAAAAMAAJ"><i>Facts about the World's Languages: An Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages, Past and Present</i></a>. H.W. Wilson, 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824209704" title="Special:BookSources/9780824209704">9780824209704</a>. <q>After the Latvian people's ancestors (Semigallian, Selian, and Latgalian speakers) came into contact with Finno-Ugric languages, their language developed some notable distinctions from its earlier state, including placing of the word stress on the first syllable, loss of short and shortening of long end vowels, development of low front vowel [e], regressive vowel harmony, etc.</q></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Trevor Fennell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.lv/books?id=VwgLTwXyqEAC&pg=PR29"><i>A Grammar of Modern Latvian</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter, 1980. 29. lpp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783111398457" title="Special:BookSources/9783111398457">9783111398457</a>. <q>VOWEL HARMONY Apart from the general (and rather misleading) statement that <i>e</i> is pronounced closed when followed in the next syllable by a closed front vowel or diphthong, a palatalized consonant or <i>j</i>, and is otherwise pronounced open...</q></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Anna Giacalone Ramat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.lv/books?id=vwUMNCYbLL0C&pg=PA462"><i>The Indo-European Languages</i></a>. Taylor & Francis, 1998. 462. lpp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415064491" title="Special:BookSources/9780415064491">9780415064491</a>. <q>(..) otherwise they had a lower or more open pronunciation, usually written as (short) <i>ȩ</i>, or (long) <i>ȩ:</i>, thus with high <i>e</i> we have <i>vecis</i> 'old man', <i>vecene</i> 'old woman', vs <i>vȩcs</i> < <i>*vecas</i> 'old' with low <i>ȩ</i>.</q></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Vytautas J. Mažiulis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/topic/Baltic-languages/Comparison-of-Lithuanian-and-Latvian">«Baltic languages»</a>. <i>britannica.com</i>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Lidija Leikuma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060303005617/http://www.genling.nw.ru/Baltist/Publicat/LatgVol1.pdf"><i>Latgalīšu volūda</i></a>. Sanktpēterburgas Valsts universitāte, 2003. 7. lpp. Arhivēts no <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genling.nw.ru/baltist/Publicat/LatgVol1.pdf">oriģināla</a>, laiks: 2006. gada 3. martā.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DahlKoptjevskaja-Tamm2001-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DahlKoptjevskaja-Tamm2001_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Östen Dahl, Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=T0eQwnLnSX0C&pg=PA757"><i>The Circum-Baltic Languages: Grammar and typology</i></a>. John Benjamins Publishing, 2001. 757. lpp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58811-042-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-58811-042-7">1-58811-042-7</a>. <q>Contacts with Baltic suggested as an explanation; hardly plausible (Southern Estonian still has vowel harmony)</q></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Saturs iegūts no "<a dir="ltr" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patskaņu_harmonija&oldid=4090907">https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patskaņu_harmonija&oldid=4090907</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Valodniec%C4%ABba" title="Kategorija:Valodniecība">Valodniecība</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Šī lapa pēdējoreiz labota: 2024. gada 16. jūlijs plkst. 21.17.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teksts ir pieejams saskaņā ar <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike licenci</a>; var pastāvēt papildu ierobežojumi. 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