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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Vietne"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Saturs" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Saturs</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pārvietot uz sānjoslu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">paslēpt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Sākums</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Urāliešu_valodu_vārdu_salīdzinājums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urāliešu_valodu_vārdu_salīdzinājums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Urāliešu valodu vārdu salīdzinājums</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Urāliešu_valodu_vārdu_salīdzinājums-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Pārslēgt Urāliešu valodu vārdu salīdzinājums apakšsadaļu</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Urāliešu_valodu_vārdu_salīdzinājums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urāliešu_skaņu_atbilsmes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urāliešu_skaņu_atbilsmes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Urāliešu skaņu atbilsmes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urāliešu_skaņu_atbilsmes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ārējās_saites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ārējās_saites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ārējās saites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ārējās_saites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Saturs" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pārslēgt satura rādītāju" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pārslēgt satura rādītāju</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Urāliešu valodas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pāriet uz rakstu citā valodā. Pieejams 112 valodās" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 valodas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeraalse_tale" title="Oeraalse tale – afrikandu" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oeraalse tale" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikandu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralische_Sprachen" title="Uralische Sprachen – Šveices vācu" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Uralische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Šveices vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A1%E1%88%AB%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%AD_%E1%89%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%8B%E1%8B%8E%E1%89%BD_%E1%89%A4%E1%89%B0%E1%88%A0%E1%89%A5" title="ኡራሊክ ቋንቋዎች ቤተሠብ – amharu" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኡራሊክ ቋንቋዎች ቤተሠብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_uralicas" title="Luengas uralicas – aragoniešu" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas uralicas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغات أورالية – arābu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغات أورالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arābu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لوغات ؤرالية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لوغات ؤرالية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_ur%C3%A1liques" title="Llingües uráliques – astūriešu" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingües uráliques" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astūriešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_dill%C9%99ri" title="Ural dilləri – azerbaidžāņu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ural dilləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidžāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اورال دیللری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اورال دیللری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Урал телдәре – baškīru" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Урал телдәре" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškīru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urala_kalbas" title="Urala kalbas – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Urala kalbas" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Уральскія мовы – baltkrievu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уральскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="baltkrievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Уральскія мовы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Уральскія мовы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Уралски езици – bulgāru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уралски езици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9" title="উরালীয় ভাষাসমূহ – bengāļu" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উরালীয় ভাষাসমূহ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_ouralek" title="Yezhoù ouralek – bretoņu" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù ouralek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralski_jezici" title="Uralski jezici – bosniešu" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Uralski jezici" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_uralianes" title="Llengües uralianes – katalāņu" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengües uralianes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralsk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Uralské jazyky – čehu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uralské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čehu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Урал чĕлхисем – čuvašu" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Урал чĕлхисем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvašu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieithoedd_Wralaidd" title="Ieithoedd Wralaidd – velsiešu" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ieithoedd Wralaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velsiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralske_sprog" title="Uralske sprog – dāņu" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Uralske sprog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="labs raksts"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralische_Sprachen" title="Uralische Sprachen – vācu" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Uralische Sprachen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="vācu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C4%B1wan%C3%AA_Uralki" title="Zıwanê Uralki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Zıwanê Uralki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralske_r%C4%9Bcy" title="Uralske rěcy – lejassorbu" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Uralske rěcy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lejassorbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Ουραλικές γλώσσες – grieķu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουραλικές γλώσσες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grieķu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages – angļu" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Uralic languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urala_lingvaro" title="Urala lingvaro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urala lingvaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_ur%C3%A1licas" title="Lenguas urálicas – spāņu" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas urálicas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uurali_keeled" title="Uurali keeled – igauņu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uurali keeled" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="igauņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraldar_hizkuntzak" title="Uraldar hizkuntzak – basku" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uraldar hizkuntzak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="زبان‌های اورالی – persiešu" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان‌های اورالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralilaiset_kielet" title="Uralilaiset kielet – somu" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uralilaiset kielet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="somu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uurali_keeleq" title="Uurali keeleq – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Uurali keeleq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralsk_m%C3%A1l" title="Uralsk mál – fēru" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Uralsk mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fēru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_ouraliennes" title="Langues ouraliennes – franču" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues ouraliennes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franču" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraalisk_spriaken" title="Uraalisk spriaken – ziemeļfrīzu" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Uraalisk spriaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ziemeļfrīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teangacha_%C3%9Aralacha" title="Teangacha Úralacha – īru" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Teangacha Úralacha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="īru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_ur%C3%A1licas" title="Linguas urálicas – galisiešu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguas urálicas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86%D8%A4%D9%86" title="اۊرالي زوؤنؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اۊرالي زوؤنؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87hengaghyn_Ooralagh" title="Çhengaghyn Ooralagh – meniešu" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Çhengaghyn Ooralagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="meniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="שפות אורליות – ivrits" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפות אורליות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ivrits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="यूराली भाषा-परिवार – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूराली भाषा-परिवार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralic_bhasa" title="Uralic bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Uralic bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralski_jezici" title="Uralski jezici – horvātu" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Uralski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralske_r%C4%9B%C4%8De" title="Uralske rěče – augšsorbu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Uralske rěče" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="augšsorbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur%C3%A1li_nyelvcsal%C3%A1d" title="Uráli nyelvcsalád – ungāru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Uráli nyelvcsalád" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_uralic" title="Linguas uralic – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Linguas uralic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Ural" title="Rumpun bahasa Ural – indonēziešu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumpun bahasa Ural" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonēziešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralika_linguaro" title="Uralika linguaro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Uralika linguaro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ar%C3%B6lsk_tungum%C3%A1l" title="Úrölsk tungumál – islandiešu" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Úrölsk tungumál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_uraliche" title="Lingue uraliche – itāļu" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue uraliche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="ウラル語族 – japāņu" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウラル語族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ურალური ენები – gruzīnu" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ურალური ენები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzīnu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Орал тілдері – kazahu" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орал тілдері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಯುರೇಲಿಕ್ ಭಾಷೆಗಳು – kannadu" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯುರೇಲಿಕ್ ಭಾಷೆಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%9E%84%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%B1" title="우랄어족 – korejiešu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우랄어족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yethow_Ouralek" title="Yethow Ouralek – korniešu" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Yethow Ouralek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Урал тилдери – kirgīzu" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Урал тилдери" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgīzu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguae_Uralicae" title="Linguae Uralicae – latīņu" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Linguae Uralicae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latīņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_uralica" title="Linguas uralica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas uralica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeralische_taole" title="Oeralische taole – limburgiešu" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Oeralische taole" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengue_uraliche" title="Lengue uraliche – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengue uraliche" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralo_kalbos" title="Uralo kalbos – lietuviešu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Uralo kalbos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lietuviešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fianakaviam-piteny_oraliana" title="Fianakaviam-piteny oraliana – malagasu" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fianakaviam-piteny oraliana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Урал йылме-влак – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Урал йылме-влак" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Уралски јазици – maķedoniešu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Уралски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="maķedoniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="युरली भाषा – marathu" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="युरली भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Ural" title="Bahasa-bahasa Ural – malajiešu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa-bahasa Ural" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeraalse_talen" title="Oeraalse talen – holandiešu" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oeraalse talen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Uralske språk – jaunnorvēģu" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Uralske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="jaunnorvēģu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Uralske språk – norvēģu bukmols" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Uralske språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvēģu bukmols" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengas_oralicas" title="Lengas oralicas – oksitāņu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lengas oralicas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralilazet_kielet" title="Uralilazet kielet – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Uralilazet kielet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਯੂਰਾਲੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ-ਪਰਿਵਾਰ – pandžabu" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੂਰਾਲੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ-ਪਰਿਵਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyki_uralskie" title="Języki uralskie – poļu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Języki uralskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_ur%C3%A0liche" title="Lenghe uràliche – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenghe uràliche" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%DB%90" title="اورالي ژبې – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اورالي ژبې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_ur%C3%A1licas" title="Línguas urálicas – portugāļu" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Línguas urálicas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugāļu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_rimaykuna" title="Ural rimaykuna – kečvu" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ural rimaykuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečvu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralikane_chhiba" title="Uralikane chhiba – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Uralikane chhiba" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbi_uralice" title="Limbi uralice – rumāņu" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbi uralice" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumāņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Уральские языки – krievu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уральские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="krievu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%8B" title="Уралскы языкы – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Уралскы языкы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱤᱣᱨᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ – santalu" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱣᱨᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralic_leids" title="Uralic leids – skotu" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Uralic leids" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur%C3%A1lala%C5%A1_gielat" title="Urálalaš gielat – ziemeļsāmu" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Urálalaš gielat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ziemeļsāmu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralski_jezici" title="Uralski jezici – serbu–horvātu" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Uralski jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbu–horvātu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Uralic languages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralsk%C3%A9_jazyky" title="Uralské jazyky – slovāku" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Uralské jazyky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovāku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralski_jeziki" title="Uralski jeziki – slovēņu" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Uralski jeziki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovēņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uuraall%C3%A2%C5%A1_kielah" title="Uuraallâš kielah – Inari sāmu" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Uuraallâš kielah" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari sāmu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Уралски језици – serbu" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Уралски језици" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="ieteikts raksts"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uraliska_spr%C3%A5k" title="Uraliska språk – zviedru" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Uraliska språk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="zviedru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugha_za_Kiurali" title="Lugha za Kiurali – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lugha za Kiurali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="யூரலிய மொழிகள் – tamilu" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யூரலிய மொழிகள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5" title="ตระกูลภาษายูรัล – taju" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตระกูลภาษายูรัล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_wikang_Uraliko" title="Mga wikang Uraliko – tagalu" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga wikang Uraliko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_dilleri" title="Ural dilleri – turku" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ural dilleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Урал телләре – tatāru" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Урал телләре" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatāru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%91%D1%81" title="Урал кылъёс – udmurtu" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Урал кылъёс" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Уральські мови – ukraiņu" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Уральські мови" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiņu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="اورالی زبانیں – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اورالی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_tillari" title="Ural tillari – uzbeku" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ural tillari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeku" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngoe_ura%C5%82eghe" title="Łéngoe urałeghe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngoe urałeghe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urali%C5%BEed_keled" title="Uraližed keled – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Uraližed keled" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%E1%BB%AF_h%E1%BB%87_Ural" title="Ngữ hệ Ural – vjetnamiešu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngữ hệ Ural" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnamiešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeraalsche_toaln" title="Oeraalsche toaln – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Oeraalsche toaln" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="乌拉尔语系 – vu ķīniešu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乌拉尔语系" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vu ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%9F" title="אוראלישע שפראכן – jidišs" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אוראלישע שפראכן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidišs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="乌拉尔语系 – ķīniešu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乌拉尔语系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ķīniešu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%8B%89%E8%AA%9E%E7%B3%BB" title="烏拉語系 – kantoniešu" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="烏拉語系" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoniešu" 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Uraliesu_valodas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/c/cd/Uraliesu_valodas.JPG/300px-Uraliesu_valodas.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/c/cd/Uraliesu_valodas.JPG/450px-Uraliesu_valodas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/lv/thumb/c/cd/Uraliesu_valodas.JPG/600px-Uraliesu_valodas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="939" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption>Urāliešu valodu ciltskoks</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Att%C4%93ls:Linguistic_map_of_the_Uralic_languages_(en).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Linguistic_map_of_the_Uralic_languages_%28en%29.png/300px-Linguistic_map_of_the_Uralic_languages_%28en%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Linguistic_map_of_the_Uralic_languages_%28en%29.png/450px-Linguistic_map_of_the_Uralic_languages_%28en%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Linguistic_map_of_the_Uralic_languages_%28en%29.png/600px-Linguistic_map_of_the_Uralic_languages_%28en%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2065" data-file-height="1548" /></a><figcaption>Urāliešu valodu izplatība</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Urāliešu valodas</b> ir valodu saime, kurā ietilpst <a href="/wiki/Somugru_valodas" title="Somugru valodas">somugru</a> un <a href="/wiki/Samodie%C5%A1u_valodas" title="Samodiešu valodas">samodiešu</a> valodas. Tajā ietilpst ap 30 valodas, ko prot apmēram 20 miljoni cilvēku, padarot to par vienu no mazākajām valodu saimēm pasaulē. </p><p>Valstis ar vislielāko urāliešu valodu pratēju skaitu ir <a href="/wiki/Ung%C4%81rija" title="Ungārija">Ungārija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somija" title="Somija">Somija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krievija" title="Krievija">Krievija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igaunija" title="Igaunija">Igaunija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norv%C4%93%C4%A3ija" title="Norvēģija">Norvēģija</a> un <a href="/wiki/Zviedrija" title="Zviedrija">Zviedrija</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ung%C4%81ru_valoda" title="Ungāru valoda">Ungāru valodu</a> lieto arī <a href="/wiki/Transilv%C4%81nija" title="Transilvānija">Transilvānijas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banata" title="Banata">Banatas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rum%C4%81nija" title="Rumānija">Rumānija</a>) un <a href="/wiki/Vojevodina" class="mw-redirect" title="Vojevodina">Vojevodinas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Serbija" title="Serbija">Serbija</a>) iedzīvotāji. </p><p>Virssaimes nosaukums cēlies no <a href="/wiki/Ur%C4%81li" title="Urāli">Urālu kalniem</a>, ko uzskata par vienu no urāliešu valodu iespējamajām izcelsmes vietām. Kopā ar <a href="/wiki/Indoeiropie%C5%A1u_valodas" title="Indoeiropiešu valodas">indoeiropiešu valodām</a> urāliešu valodu saime ir viena no vienīgajām divām Eiropas kontinentā esošajām valodu saimēm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urāliešu_valodu_vārdu_salīdzinājums"><span id="Ur.C4.81lie.C5.A1u_valodu_v.C4.81rdu_sal.C4.ABdzin.C4.81jums"></span>Urāliešu valodu vārdu salīdzinājums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ur%C4%81lie%C5%A1u_valodas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļu: Urāliešu valodu vārdu salīdzinājums" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ur%C4%81lie%C5%A1u_valodas&action=edit&section=1" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Urāliešu valodu vārdu salīdzinājums"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tabulas ar dotajiem vārdiem parāda vienotu urāliešu valodu radniecības pakāpi. <a href="/wiki/Somu_valoda" title="Somu valoda">Somu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igau%C5%86u_valoda" title="Igauņu valoda">igauņu</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%C4%ABbie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Lībiešu valoda">lībiešu</a> un <a href="/wiki/Vepsu_valoda" title="Vepsu valoda">vepsu valodas</a> vārdi parāda ļoti ciešu valodu radniecību, bet samojedu grupas ņencu un selkupu valodas ar zināmu kopējo radniecību parāda lielas atšķirības no, piemēram, igauņu valodas. <a href="/wiki/Hantu_valoda" title="Hantu valoda">Hantu valodas</a> vārdi skaidri parāda ciešo līdzību ar <a href="/wiki/Ung%C4%81ru_valoda" title="Ungāru valoda">ungāru valodu</a>, jo abas valodas ir ugru valodas apakšgrupā. Šīs līdzības ir viegli pamanīt, bet salīdzinošā valodniecība ir tā, kas tehniskā veidā izveido sistēmu, kā to padarīt pamanāmu. </p><p>Galvenais šo tabulu avots ir Karolu Redes (<i>Károly Rédei</i>) „Urāliešu vispārējās etimoloģijas vārdnīca” (1988). Urāliešu valodas veido divi lieli zari — somugru un samodiešu valodas. Rekonstruēt kopējās <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ur%C4%81lie%C5%A1u_pirmvaloda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urāliešu pirmvaloda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">urāliešu pirmvalodas</a> (PU) vārdus ir ļoti sarežģīti, tā ka pirmvalodas vārdi no samodiešu valodām ir attiecināmi tikai uz pirmurāliešu vārdiem, lielāko daļu atstājot tikai kā <a href="/w/index.php?title=Somugru_pirmvaloda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Somugru pirmvaloda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">somugru pirmvalodas</a> (SU) vārdu. </p><p><b>Urāliešu valodu vārdu salīdzinājums I: Lietvārdi</b> </p> <table class="prettytable"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#COFOFO"> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><i>Nozīme</i> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Somu_valoda" title="Somu valoda">Somu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Igau%C5%86u_valoda" title="Igauņu valoda">Igauņu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/L%C4%ABbie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Lībiešu valoda">Lībiešu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Vepsu_valoda" title="Vepsu valoda">Vepsu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81mu_valoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sāmu valoda">Sāmu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Erzju_valoda" title="Erzju valoda">Erzju</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Marie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Mariešu valoda">Mariešu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Udmurtu_valoda" title="Udmurtu valoda">Udmurtu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Komie%C5%A1u_valoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Komiešu valoda">Komiešu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Hantu_valoda" title="Hantu valoda">Hantu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Mansu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Ung%C4%81ru_valoda" title="Ungāru valoda">Ungāru</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/%C5%85encu_valoda" title="Ņencu valoda">Ņencu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selkupu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selkupu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Selkupu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF">PU </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>acis</b> (acs)</td> <td>silmä</td> <td>silm</td> <td>sīlma</td> <td>sil'm</td> <td>čalbme</td> <td>sel'me</td> <td>činca</td> <td>.</td> <td>sin</td> <td>sem</td> <td>šäm</td> <td>szem</td> <td>sew</td> <td>sai</td> <td>*silmä </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>sirds</b></td> <td>sydän</td> <td>süda</td> <td>sidā</td> <td>südäin'</td> <td>tšade</td> <td>sedej</td> <td>šüm</td> <td>sulem</td> <td>selem</td> <td>šem</td> <td>šäm</td> <td>szív</td> <td>sej</td> <td>sid'</td> <td>*sidä-mз </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>galva</b></td> <td>pää</td> <td>pea</td> <td>pǟ</td> <td>pä</td> <td>.</td> <td>pä</td> <td>.</td> <td>puŋ</td> <td>pom</td> <td>.</td> <td>päŋ</td> <td>fej, fő</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*päŋe (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>roka</b></td> <td>käsi</td> <td>käsi</td> <td>kež</td> <td>käzi</td> <td>gietta</td> <td>ked</td> <td>kit</td> <td>ki</td> <td>ki</td> <td>köt, ket</td> <td>kät</td> <td>kéz</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*käte (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>asinis</b></td> <td>veri</td> <td>veri</td> <td>ver</td> <td>veri</td> <td>varra</td> <td>ver</td> <td>wər</td> <td>ver</td> <td>vir</td> <td>wer</td> <td>wür</td> <td>vér</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*wire (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>kāja</b></td> <td>jalka</td> <td>jalg</td> <td>jālga</td> <td>jaug</td> <td>juolge</td> <td>jalgo</td> <td>jal</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>g-yalog</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*jalka (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>zivs</b></td> <td>kala</td> <td>kala</td> <td>kalā</td> <td>kala</td> <td>guolle</td> <td>kal</td> <td>kol</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>kul</td> <td>kol</td> <td>hal</td> <td>χale</td> <td>kel</td> <td>*kala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>pele</b></td> <td>hiiri</td> <td>hiir</td> <td>īr</td> <td>hir’</td> <td>čejer</td> <td>.</td> <td>šir</td> <td>šyr</td> <td>jönkər</td> <td>täŋker</td> <td>egér</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*šiŋer (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>koks</b></td> <td>puu</td> <td>puu</td> <td>pū</td> <td>pu</td> <td>.</td> <td>pu</td> <td>pu</td> <td>pu</td> <td>.</td> <td>-pe</td> <td>fa</td> <td>pa</td> <td>po</td> <td>.</td> <td>*puwe </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>ledus</b></td> <td>jää</td> <td>jää</td> <td>jeij</td> <td>jieegŋa</td> <td>ej</td> <td>ij</td> <td>je</td> <td>ji</td> <td>jöŋk</td> <td>jöŋk</td> <td>jég</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*jäŋe (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>ūdens</b></td> <td>vesi</td> <td>vesi</td> <td>vež</td> <td>vezi</td> <td>ved</td> <td>wət</td> <td>vu</td> <td>va</td> <td>.</td> <td>wit</td> <td>víz</td> <td>wit</td> <td>yt</td> <td>.</td> <td>*wete </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>māja</b></td> <td>kota</td> <td>koda</td> <td>kuodā</td> <td>goatte</td> <td>kudo</td> <td>kuδə</td> <td>ka, ko</td> <td>ka, ko</td> <td>kat</td> <td>.</td> <td>ház</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*kota (SU) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Urāliešu valodu vārdu salīdzinājums I: Darbības vārdi, Skaitļa vārdi, vietniekvārdi</b> </p> <table class="prettytable"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#COFOFO"> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><i>Nozīme</i> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Somu_valoda" title="Somu valoda">Somu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Igau%C5%86u_valoda" title="Igauņu valoda">Igauņu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/L%C4%ABbie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Lībiešu valoda">Lībiešu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Vepsu_valoda" title="Vepsu valoda">Vepsu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81mu_valoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sāmu valoda">Sāmu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Erzu_valoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Erzu valoda">Erzu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Marie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Mariešu valoda">Mariešu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Udmurtu_valoda" title="Udmurtu valoda">Udmurtu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Komie%C5%A1u_valoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Komiešu valoda">Komiešu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Hantu_valoda" title="Hantu valoda">Hantu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Mansu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/Ung%C4%81ru_valoda" title="Ungāru valoda">Ungāru</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/wiki/%C5%85encu_valoda" title="Ņencu valoda">Ņencu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selkupu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selkupu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Selkupu</a> </th> <th style="background-color: #EFEFFF">PU </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>iet</b></td> <td>mene</td> <td>mine</td> <td>manna</td> <td>lǟdõ</td> <td>mända</td> <td>.</td> <td>mije</td> <td>min</td> <td>mun</td> <td>men</td> <td>min</td> <td>men-ni</td> <td>min</td> <td>men-da</td> <td>*mene </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>zināt</b></td> <td>tunte</td> <td>tunde</td> <td>tieudõ</td> <td>teta</td> <td>dow'da</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>todi</td> <td>ted</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>tud-ni</td> <td>tumta</td> <td>(tymne)</td> <td>*tumte </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>dot</b></td> <td>anta</td> <td>anda</td> <td>āndõ</td> <td>antta</td> <td>.</td> <td>ando</td> <td>.</td> <td>ud</td> <td>ud</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>ad-ni</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*amta (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>viens</b></td> <td>yksi</td> <td>üks</td> <td>ikš</td> <td>üks’</td> <td>ok'ta</td> <td>vejke</td> <td>ik(te)</td> <td>ok</td> <td>et</td> <td>it</td> <td>ük</td> <td>egy</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*ikte (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>divi</b></td> <td>kaksi</td> <td>kaks</td> <td>kakš</td> <td>kaks'</td> <td>guokte</td> <td>kavto</td> <td>kok</td> <td>kik</td> <td>kik</td> <td>kät</td> <td>kit</td> <td>két, kettő</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*kakta (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>trīs</b></td> <td>kolme</td> <td>kolm</td> <td>kuolm</td> <td>kuome</td> <td>golbma</td> <td>kolmo</td> <td>kəm</td> <td>kwin</td> <td>kujim</td> <td>koləm</td> <td>korəm</td> <td>három</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*kolme (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>četri</b></td> <td>neljä</td> <td>neli</td> <td>nēļa</td> <td>nell’</td> <td>njaelje</td> <td>nile</td> <td>nəl</td> <td>nil</td> <td>nol</td> <td>nelə</td> <td>nili</td> <td>négy</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*neljä (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>pieci</b></td> <td>viisi</td> <td>viis</td> <td>vīž</td> <td>viž</td> <td>vitta</td> <td>vete</td> <td>wəc</td> <td>vit</td> <td>vit</td> <td>wet</td> <td>ät</td> <td>öt</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*witte (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>seši</b></td> <td>kuusi</td> <td>kuus</td> <td>kūž</td> <td>kuz'</td> <td>gut'ta</td> <td>koto</td> <td>kut</td> <td>kwat'</td> <td>kvat</td> <td>kut</td> <td>kat</td> <td>hat</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*kutte (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>simts</b></td> <td>sata</td> <td>sada</td> <td>sadā</td> <td>sada</td> <td>čuotte</td> <td>sado</td> <td>šüδə</td> <td>su</td> <td>so</td> <td>sat</td> <td>šat</td> <td>száz</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*sata (SU) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>kas</b></td> <td>ken</td> <td>ke(s)</td> <td>kis</td> <td>gi, kä</td> <td>ki</td> <td>ke, kü</td> <td>kin</td> <td>kin</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>ki</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>.</td> <td>*ke, ki (SU) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urāliešu_skaņu_atbilsmes"><span id="Ur.C4.81lie.C5.A1u_ska.C5.86u_atbilsmes"></span>Urāliešu skaņu atbilsmes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ur%C4%81lie%C5%A1u_valodas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļu: Urāliešu skaņu atbilsmes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ur%C4%81lie%C5%A1u_valodas&action=edit&section=2" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Urāliešu skaņu atbilsmes"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dotās etimoloģijas rāda dažu urāliešu skaņu atbilsmes, šeit, somu un ungāru valodas skaņu atbilsmes </p> <ul><li>somu /p-/ atbilst ungāru /f-/ (piemēram, <i>puu:fa</i>)</li> <li>somu /k-/ pirms /a/ un /o/ atbilst ungāru /h-/ (piemēram, <i>kala:hal</i>), citos gadījumos somu /k-/ ungāriem paliek /k-/ (piemēram, <i>käsi:kéz</i>)</li> <li>somu /-t-/ atbilst ungāru /-z/ (piemēram,. <i>sata:száz</i>)</li> <li>somu /-nt-/ atbilst ungāru /-d-/ (piemēram, <i>tunte:tud</i>)</li> <li>somu /s-/ atbilst ungāru /sz-/ vai /Ø-/ (piemēram, <i>silmä:szem</i>, <i>syli:öl</i>), kas norāda uz to, ka šis somu /s/ ir radies no diviem atšķirīgiem /s/, kuru atšķirība ungāru valodā vēl ir skaidra.</li></ul> <p>Pēc šiem un citiem novērojumiem var plaši rekonstruēt pirmurāliešu <a href="/wiki/Fon%C4%93ma" title="Fonēma">fonēmas</a>. Urālistikā pastāv uzskats, ka somu valodā pamatā ir saglabājušies pirmurāliešu līdzskaņi, bet ungāru valodā to vietā parādās jauninājumi. Savukārt senos pirmurāliešu patskaņus var atrast <a href="/wiki/S%C4%81mu_valoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sāmu valoda">sāmu valodā</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ārējās_saites"><span id=".C4.80r.C4.93j.C4.81s_saites"></span>Ārējās saites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ur%C4%81lie%C5%A1u_valodas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļu: Ārējās saites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>labot šo sadaļu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ur%C4%81lie%C5%A1u_valodas&action=edit&section=3" title="Labot sadaļas vikikodu: Ārējās saites"><span>labot pirmkodu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vikikr%C4%81tuve" title="Vikikrātuve">Vikikrātuvē</a> par šo tēmu ir pieejami <a href="/wiki/Multivides" title="Multivides">multivides</a> faili. Skatīt: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Uralic_languages" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Uralic languages">Urāliešu valodas</a></b></i>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Uralic-languages"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(angliski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eeo.aau.at/eeo.aau.at/indexdd3e.html">Austrumeiropas enciklopēdijas raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(vāciski)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/gumanitarnye_nauki/lingvistika/URALSKIE_YAZIKI.html">Enciklopēdijas <i>Krugosvet</i> raksts</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; color:#555;">(krieviski)</span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-skatīt"><a href="/wiki/Veidne:Ur%C4%81lie%C5%A1u_valodas" title="Veidne:Urāliešu valodas"><abbr title="Skatīt šo veidni" style=";;;background:none transparent;border:none;">s</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskusija"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veidnes_diskusija:Ur%C4%81lie%C5%A1u_valodas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veidnes diskusija:Urāliešu valodas (vēl nav uzrakstīts)"><abbr title="Diskusija par šo veidni" style="color:#002bb8;;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-labot"><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veidne:Ur%C4%81lie%C5%A1u_valodas&action=edit"><abbr title="Labot šo veidni" style=";;;background:none transparent;border:none;">l</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:110%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Urāliešu valodas</a></div></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Somugru_valodas" title="Somugru valodas">Somugru</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ugru_valodas" title="Ugru valodas">ugru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ung%C4%81ru_valoda" title="Ungāru valoda">ungāru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantu_valoda" title="Hantu valoda">hantu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">mansu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permie%C5%A1u_valodas" title="Permiešu valodas">permiešu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komi_valoda" title="Komi valoda">komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurtu_valoda" title="Udmurtu valoda">udmurtu</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordvie%C5%A1u_valodas" title="Mordviešu valodas">mordviešu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzju_valoda" title="Erzju valoda">erzju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mok%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Mokšu valoda">mokšu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Mariešu valoda">mariešu</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C4%BCavu_marie%C5%A1u_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pļavu mariešu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">pļavu mariešu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalnu_marie%C5%A1u_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalnu mariešu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kalnu mariešu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81mu_valodas" title="Sāmu valodas">sāmu</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akalas_s%C4%81mu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akalas sāmu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">akalas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolas_s%C4%81mu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolas sāmu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kolas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemi_s%C4%81mu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemi sāmu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kemi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teras_s%C4%81mu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teras sāmu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">teras</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inari_s%C4%81mu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inari sāmu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">inari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skolts%C4%81mu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skoltsāmu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">skoltsāmu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umes_s%C4%81mu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umes sāmu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">umes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pites_s%C4%81mu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pites sāmu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">pites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zieme%C4%BCs%C4%81mu_valoda" title="Ziemeļsāmu valoda">ziemeļsāmu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julejs%C4%81mu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julejsāmu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">julejsāmu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dienvids%C4%81mu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dienvidsāmu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">dienvidsāmu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltijas_somu_valodas" title="Baltijas somu valodas">Baltijas somu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somu_valoda" title="Somu valoda">somu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igau%C5%86u_valoda" title="Igauņu valoda">igauņu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dienvidigau%C5%86u_valoda" title="Dienvidigauņu valoda">dienvidigauņu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veru_valoda" title="Veru valoda">veru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setu_valoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Setu valoda">setu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu_dialekts" title="Tartu dialekts">tartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulgi_dialekts" title="Mulgi dialekts">mulgi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leivu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leivu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">leivu</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kr%C4%81snas_igau%C5%86u_dialekts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krāsnas igauņu dialekts (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">Krāsnas igauņu</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludzas_igau%C5%86u_dialekts" title="Ludzas igauņu dialekts">Ludzas igauņu</a>†</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C4%ABbie%C5%A1u_valoda" title="Lībiešu valoda">lībiešu</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votu_valoda" title="Votu valoda">votu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vepsu_valoda" title="Vepsu valoda">vepsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kar%C4%93%C4%BCu_valoda" title="Karēļu valoda">karēļu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C5%BEoru_valoda" title="Ižoru valoda">ižoru</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Samodie%C5%A1u_valodas" title="Samodiešu valodas">Samodiešu</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Encu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">encu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%85encu_valoda" title="Ņencu valoda">ņencu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nganasanu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nganasanu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">nganasanu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Se%C4%BCkupu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seļkupu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">seļkupu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taigu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taigu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">taigu</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karagasu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karagasu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">karagasu</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sojodu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sojodu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">sojodu</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motoru_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motoru valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">motoru</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koibalu_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koibalu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">koibalu</a>†</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamasie%C5%A1u_valoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamasiešu valoda (vēl nav uzrakstīts)">kamasiešu</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>(†) apzīmē <a href="/wiki/Mirusi_valoda" title="Mirusi valoda">mirušās valodas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Autoritat%C4%ABv%C4%81_vad%C4%ABba" title="Autoritatīvā vadība">Autoritatīvā vadība</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-sh85-141270">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Nacion%C4%81l%C4%81_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Latvijas Nacionālā bibliotēka">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F/?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000078709">000078709</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongresa_bibliot%C4%93ka" title="Kongresa 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