Counter terrorism but respect fundamental rights | European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights

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class="menu__link">Data protection, privacy and new technologies</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/themes/artificial-intelligence-and-big-data" class="menu__link">Artificial intelligence and big data</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/themes/borders-and-information-systems" class="menu__link">Borders and information systems</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/themes/data-protection" class="menu__link">Data protection</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/themes/unlawful-profiling" class="menu__link">Unlawful profiling</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/themes/support-human-rights-systems-and-defenders" class="menu__link">Support for human rights systems and defenders</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/themes/eu-charter-fundamental-rights" class="menu__link">EU Charter of Fundamental Rights</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/themes/inter-governmental-human-rights-systems" class="menu__link">Inter-governmental human rights systems</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/themes/national-human-rights-systems-and-bodies" class="menu__link">National human rights systems and bodies</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/themes/civil-society" class="menu__link">Civil society</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter" class="menu__link">EU Charter of Fundamental Rights</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--1" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fundamental-rights" class="menu__link">What are fundamental rights ?</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fundamental-rights" class="menu__link">What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/0-preamble" class="menu__link">Preamble</a> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-i-dignity" class="menu__link">Title I: Dignity</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/1-human-dignity" class="menu__link">1 - Human dignity</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/2-right-life" class="menu__link">2 - Right to life</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/3-right-integrity-person" class="menu__link">3 - Right to integrity of the person</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/4-prohibition-torture-and-inhuman-or-degrading-treatment-or-punishment" class="menu__link">4 - Prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/5-prohibition-slavery-and-forced-labour" class="menu__link">5 - Slavery / Forced Labour</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-ii-freedoms" class="menu__link">Title II: Freedoms</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/6-right-liberty-and-security" class="menu__link">6 - Right to liberty and security</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/7-respect-private-and-family-life" class="menu__link">7 - Respect for private and family life</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/8-protection-personal-data" class="menu__link">8 - Protection of personal data</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/9-right-marry-and-right-found-family" class="menu__link">9 - Right to marry and right to found a family</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/10-freedom-thought-conscience-and-religion" class="menu__link">10 - Freedom of thought, conscience and religion</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/11-freedom-expression-and-information" class="menu__link">11 - Freedom of expression and information</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/12-freedom-assembly-and-association" class="menu__link">12 - Freedom of assembly and of association</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/13-freedom-arts-and-sciences" class="menu__link">13 - Freedom of the arts and sciences</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/14-right-education" class="menu__link">14 - Right to education</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/15-freedom-choose-occupation-and-right-engage-work" class="menu__link">15 - Freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/16-freedom-conduct-business" class="menu__link">16 - Freedom to conduct a business</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/17-right-property" class="menu__link">17 - Right to property</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/18-right-asylum" class="menu__link">18 - Right to asylum</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/19-protection-event-removal-expulsion-or-extradition" class="menu__link">19 - Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-iii-equality" class="menu__link">Title III: Equality</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/20-equality-law" class="menu__link">20 - Equality before the law</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/21-non-discrimination" class="menu__link">21 - Non-discrimination</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/22-cultural-religious-and-linguistic-diversity" class="menu__link">22 - Cultural, religious and linguistic diversity</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/23-equality-between-women-and-men" class="menu__link">23 - Equality between women and men</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/24-rights-child" class="menu__link">24 - The rights of the child</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/25-rights-elderly" class="menu__link">25 - The rights of the elderly</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/26-integration-persons-disabilities" class="menu__link">26 - Integration of persons with disabilities</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-iv-solidarity" class="menu__link">Title IV: Solidarity</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/27-workers-right-information-and-consultation-within-undertaking" class="menu__link">27 - Workers' right to information and consultation within the undertaking</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/28-right-collective-bargaining-and-action" class="menu__link">28 - Right of collective bargaining and action</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/29-right-access-placement-services" class="menu__link">29 - Right of access to placement services</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/30-protection-event-unjustified-dismissal" class="menu__link">30 - Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/31-fair-and-just-working-conditions" class="menu__link">31 - Fair and just working conditions</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/32-prohibition-child-labour-and-protection-young-people-work" class="menu__link">32 - Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/33-family-and-professional-life" class="menu__link">33 - Family and professional life</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/34-social-security-and-social-assistance" class="menu__link">34 - Social security and social assistance</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/35-health-care" class="menu__link">35 - Health care</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/36-access-services-general-economic-interest" class="menu__link">36 - Access to services of general economic interest</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/37-environmental-protection" class="menu__link">37 - Environmental protection</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/38-consumer-protection" class="menu__link">38 - Consumer protection</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-v-citizens-rights" class="menu__link">Title V: Citizens' rights</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/39-right-vote-and-stand-candidate-elections-european-parliament" class="menu__link">39 - Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/40-right-vote-and-stand-candidate-municipal-elections" class="menu__link">40 - Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/41-right-good-administration" class="menu__link">41 - Right to good administration</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/42-right-access-documents" class="menu__link">42 - Right of access to documents</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/43-european-ombudsman" class="menu__link">43 - European Ombudsman</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/44-right-petition" class="menu__link">44 - Right to petition</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/45-freedom-movement-and-residence" class="menu__link">45 - Freedom of movement and of residence</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/46-diplomatic-and-consular-protection" class="menu__link">46 - Diplomatic and consular protection</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-vi-justice" class="menu__link">Title VI: Justice</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/47-right-effective-remedy-and-fair-trial" class="menu__link">47 - Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/48-presumption-innocence-and-right-defence" class="menu__link">48 - Presumption of innocence and right of defence</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/49-principles-legality-and-proportionality-criminal-offences-and-penalties" class="menu__link">49 - Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/50-right-not-be-tried-or-punished-twice-criminal-proceedings-same-criminal" class="menu__link">50 - Right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings for the same criminal offence</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-vii-general-provisions" class="menu__link">Title VII: General provisions</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/51-field-application" class="menu__link">51 - Field of application</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/52-scope-and-interpretation-rights-and-principles" class="menu__link">52 - Scope and interpretation</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/53-level-protection" class="menu__link">53 - Level of protection</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/54-prohibition-abuse-rights" class="menu__link">54 - Abuse of rights</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/tools" class="menu__link">Tools</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--1" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/databases/efris/" class="menu__link">EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/databases/criminal-detention" class="menu__link">Criminal detention database</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/databases/anti-muslim-hatred/" class="menu__link">Anti-Muslim hatred database</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/case-law-database" class="menu__link">Case-law database</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/charterpedia" class="menu__link">Charterpedia</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="https://e-learning.fra.europa.eu/" class="menu__link">FRA e-learning platform</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/publications-and-resources/data-and-maps" class="menu__link">Data visualisation</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/promising-practices-list" class="menu__link">Equality data collection: promising practices</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/theme/hate-crime/compendium-practices" class="menu__link">Fighting hate crime: promising practices</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/products/search?sort_by=published_at" class="menu__link">Products</a> </li> </ul> <li class="menu__item" role="treeitem"> <a href="/about-fra" class="menu__link">About FRA</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--0" data-submenu> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/about-fra/who-we-are" class="menu__link">Who we are</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--1" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/structure" class="menu__link">Structure of FRA</a> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/about-fra/structure/management-board" class="menu__link">Management Board</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/structure/management-board/members" class="menu__link">Management Board members</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/management-board-meeting-documents" class="menu__link"> Management Board meeting documents</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/structure/executive-board" class="menu__link">Executive Board</a> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/content/scientific-committee" class="menu__link">Scientific Committee</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/structure/scientific-committee/members" class="menu__link">Scientific Committee members</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/structure/director" class="menu__link">Director</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/structure/management-team" class="menu__link">Management team</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/about-fra/what-we-do" class="menu__link">What we do</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--1" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/Research-and-data" class="menu__link">Research and data</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/content/capacity-building" class="menu__link">Capacity-building</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/content/advising" class="menu__link">Advising</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/Convening-people" class="menu__link">Convening people</a> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/about-fra/what-we-do/fra-for-children" class="menu__link">FRA for children</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/content/what-are-my-rights" class="menu__link">What are my rights?</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/content/where-do-my-rights-come" class="menu__link">Where do my rights come from?</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/about-fra/what-we-do/areas-of-work" class="menu__link">Areas of work</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/what-we-do/areas-of-work/multi-annual-frameworks-2007-2022" class="menu__link">Multi-annual Framework 2007-2022</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/about-fra/what-we-do/annual-work-programme" class="menu__link">Work Programme</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/content/archive-annual-work-programmes" class="menu__link">Archive</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/about-fra/what-we-do/annual-activity-programme" class="menu__link">Annual Activity report</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/what-we-do/annual-activity-report/archive" class="menu__link">Archive</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/research/projects" class="menu__link">Projects</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/about-fra/recruitment" class="menu__link">Working at FRA</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--1" data-submenu> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/about-fra/recruitment/vacancies" class="menu__link">Vacancies and selections</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--2" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/recruitment/previous-vacancies" class="menu__link">Previous vacancies</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/content/what-we-offer" class="menu__link">What we offer</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/content/work-life-balance" class="menu__link">Work-life balance</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/recruitment/application-instructions" class="menu__link">Application instructions</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/content/seconded-national-experts" class="menu__link">Seconded National Experts</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/recruitment/traineeship" class="menu__link">Traineeship</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/about-fra/procurement" class="menu__link">Procurement</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--1" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/procurement/ongoing-procedures" class="menu__link">Ongoing procedures</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/procurement/closed-procedures" class="menu__link">Closed procedures</a> </li> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/procurement/contracts-awarded" class="menu__link">Contracts awarded</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class= "submenu__item"> <a href="/en/content/finance-and-budget" class="menu__link">Finance and budget</a> <ul class= "vertical submenu menu drilldown menu-level--1" data-submenu> <li class= "menu__item "> <a href="/en/about-fra/finance-and-budget/financial-rules" 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class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 17 - </span> Right to property</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/18-right-asylum" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13035"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 18 - </span> Right to asylum</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/19-protection-event-removal-expulsion-or-extradition" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13058"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 19 - </span> Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-iii-equality" class="FraMainChildren" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/9">Title III: Equality</a> <div class="submenu-wrapper"> <ul class="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/20-equality-law" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13173"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 20 - </span> Equality before the law</a> </li> <li> <a 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elderly</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/26-integration-persons-disabilities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13311"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 26 - </span> Integration of persons with disabilities</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/title/title-iv-solidarity" class="FraMainChildren" target="_self" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/10">Title IV: Solidarity</a> <div class="submenu-wrapper"> <ul class="menu"> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/27-workers-right-information-and-consultation-within-undertaking" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13334"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 27 - </span> Workers' right to information and consultation within the undertaking</a> </li> <li> <a href="/en/eu-charter/article/28-right-collective-bargaining-and-action" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/13357"><span class="eu-charter-article-num-wrapper"> 28 - </span> Right of collective bargaining and action</a> </li> <li> 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<div class="field field-node--node-title field-name-node-title field-type-ds field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><h1> Counter terrorism but respect fundamental rights </h1> </div> </div> </div> <div class="PubThemes"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-pri-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/justice-victims-rights-and-judicial-cooperation" hreflang="en">Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-name-field-fra-taxonomy-sec-theme field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><a href="/en/themes/security" hreflang="en">Security</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="PubMain fra-page-main-group"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-image field-name-field-fra-image field-type-entity-reference field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/fra_medium/public/fra_images/adobestock_maksim_kabakou_terrorism_threat_102216831_credit.jpg?itok=WTh78Dxk" width="360" height="240" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-summary field-name-field-fra-summary field-type-string-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">Acts of terrorism represent a serious threat to the lives and safety of people, and a profound security challenge for states. At the same time, laws and policies to counter the threat of terrorism can entail, directly or indirectly, serious limitations to fundamental rights and freedoms, finds a new report from the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA). Drawn from expert insight, it suggests how counter terrorism work can benefit from greater legal clarity, practical guidance and stronger safeguards.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-action-buttons field-name-field-fra-action-buttons field-type-entity-reference-revisions field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div class="paragraph paragraph--type-fra-action-buttons paragraph--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="gen-action-buttons"> <div class="fas fa-download field-icon"></div> <div class="field-link"><a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2021/combating-terrorism-rights-impact">Download report</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-body field-name-field-fra-body field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><p>“When terrorism strikes, its immediate destructive impact is painfully evident. But the fear and distrust it instils have profound and corrosive long-term effects on society. The need to protect people against such attacks is clear,” says FRA Director <a href="http://fra.europa.eu/en/about-fra/structure/director">Michael O’Flaherty</a>. “Yet while doing so, we must carefully consider the impact of counter-terrorism measures. This report will support EU and national policymakers in ensuring legal compliance of such measures.”</p> <p>The report examines the EU’s main criminal law instrument in the field of counter-terrorism, Directive (EU) 2017/541. It looks into <a href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2021/combating-terrorism-rights-impact">the directive's impact on fundamental rights and freedoms</a>. It also provides insights into the experiences of practitioners, and other experts with in-depth knowledge in this field, with the practical application of the directive’s provisions.</p> <p>The directive aims to help countries address the threat of terrorism. But counter-terrorism laws, policies and measures often have a bearing on fundamental rights, affecting individuals, groups and society as a whole.</p> <p>As one judge told FRA: “If I am always waiting for the bomb to explode, people will say the judiciary isn’t working well and is not protecting other fundamental rights; if I step in very soon, critics will ask: ‘Are you still a democratic country?’ Finding that balance is very hard.”</p> <p>The report provides evidence-based advice to encourage policymakers across the EU to apply the directive’s provisions in full compliance with fundamental rights:</p> <ul> <li>Clarify what terrorism means in criminal law: broad definitions of what is a terrorist offence leaves such crime open to interpretation. Greater legal clarity would ensure countries apply counter-terrorism laws consistently across the EU.</li> <li>Avoid calling lawful activities as terrorism: the directive criminalises some activities as precursors to terrorism, such as publicly expressing radical views, training, or travelling to conflict zones. This increases the risk that authorities mistakenly view freedom of expression, information, and movement carried out by, for example, journalists, humanitarian organisations, researchers, or artists as terrorism. This calls for guidance and training for terrorism investigators so they can clearly differentiate between lawful acts and terrorism.</li> <li>Provide effective safeguards during investigations: to prevent terrorism, investigators often have broad powers of investigation, including surveillance and intelligence gathering. This can affect data protection, privacy, and access to justice rights. Countries need to provide adequate safeguards and clear authorisation rules and supervision to ensure investigations are targeted and justified.</li> <li>Avoid discrimination against specific groups: religious followers, particularly Muslims, can be more prone to criminal investigations. Some religious practices can also be misinterpreted as signs of radicalisation. This calls for guidance and training to avoid such bias and misunderstanding as well as data collection to assess the impact on different groups.</li> <li>Ensure access to justice beyond criminal law: Some countries also apply non-criminal law measures like house arrests, travel bans and monitoring of suspects, those guilty, or even sometimes acquitted, of crime. Such administrative measures are subject to less constraints than criminal law and granted more widely, often based on information from intelligence services. This makes it harder to seek justice. Countries need to use clear rules and conditions when applying such measures. They should also allow people to effectively challenge measures imposed on them. Here, oversight bodies should have the mandate and powers to assist in complaints against non-criminal law measures.</li> </ul> <p>The report will assist EU and national policymakers to effectively combat terrorism and uphold fundamental rights.</p> <p>The European Commission asked FRA to assist them in assessing the directive’s impact and support their own evaluation, <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/report-impact-counter-terrorism-directive_en">also out today</a>.</p> <p>The findings draw on desk research plus interviews with practitioners and experts in seven EU countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Spain, and Sweden. FRA interviewed judges, lawyers, public prosecutors, law enforcement officers, civil society, oversight experts and academics.</p> <p>For more, please contact: <a href="mailto:media@fra.europa.eu">media@fra.europa.eu</a> / Tel.: +43 1 580 30 642</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-documents field-name-field-fra-documents field-type-entity-reference field-label-above"> <div class="field-label">Downloads</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"><div data-history-node-id="42692" class="node node--type-fra-document-file-upload node--view-mode-document-downloads ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field-node--field-fra-date field-name-field-fra-date field-type-datetime field-label-hidden"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item">18 November 2021</div> </div> </div> <div class ="downloads-header"> <a href='https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/pr-2021-terrorism-directive-rights-impact_en.pdf'><i class="fas fa-file-pdf"></i> Press release: Counter terrorism but respect fundamental rights <span class="file_size">(115.18 KB)</span> </a> </div> <article> <a href="https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/pr-2021-terrorism-directive-rights-impact_nl.pdf" class="field-group-link file-link" target="_blank"><div class="field field-media--field-fra-language field-name-field-fra-language field-type-entity-reference field-label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field-label visually-hidden">Language</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item"> Dutch</div> </div> </div> </a> </article> <article> <a href="https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/pr-2021-terrorism-directive-rights-impact_en.pdf" class="field-group-link file-link" target="_blank"><div class="field field-media--field-fra-language field-name-field-fra-language field-type-entity-reference field-label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field-label visually-hidden">Language</div> <div class="field-items"> <div 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