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data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="ACKIM" data-follow-user-id="2511025" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="2511025"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">49</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">15</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Iam a postgraduate with a drive towards learning, teaching and research<br /><span class="u-fw700">Phone: </span>+260954005594<br /><b>Address: </b>LIUTEBM University, Lusaka<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2511025" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" 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id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Drafts" data-toggle="tab" href="#drafts" role="tab" title="Drafts"><span>3</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Drafts</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>2</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Drafts" id="Drafts"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Drafts by ACKIM LUNGU</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38916562"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38916562/African_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of African problems, Western Solutions; Zambia's undoing?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59016345/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38916562/African_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing">African problems, Western Solutions; Zambia's undoing?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">There is a current buzzword in most African countries dubbed "African solutions to African proble...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">There is a current buzzword in most African countries dubbed "African solutions to African problems". The question is whether present policies and activities in most of African countries sit in tandem with this buzzword. Much as we already prima facie predict that the slogan seems to currently be mere rhetoric, failure to find African solutions to Africa problems reinforces notions of contemporary colonialism of the African mind. Sub-Saharan Africa like many other developing and least developed countries faces many challenges inter alia poor infrastructure, little or absence of technical knowhow and poor quality of life for most of the citizens. A general and panoramic view of this situation indicates that there are more problems and challenges than there are solutions to the current this Africa status quo. The reason for the foregoing may be twofold; either there is lack of will power by most African countries to find solutions to their own problems or western countries with the capacity to help find solutions to African problems, do not do so adequately and timely. The most easily accepted view for most Africans is more the latter than the former. There is a general but often untenable and misguided view by most African citizens that developed countries owe Africa all desired support and development. This belief has been perpetuated reinforced by the lack of political and technical will or otherwise to find home grown solutions to African challenges. In wake of many challenges that Africa faces, the need to boost home grown capacity to tackle those challenges need not be overemphasized failure to which the perpetual cycle of need and underdevelopment would remain with the continent longer than desired and politically predicted.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="74f2a08f230762808dab80686d1d3a53" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":59016345,"asset_id":38916562,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59016345/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38916562"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38916562"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38916562; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38916562]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38916562]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38916562; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38916562']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38916562, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "74f2a08f230762808dab80686d1d3a53" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38916562]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38916562,"title":"African problems, Western Solutions; Zambia's undoing?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"There is a current buzzword in most African countries dubbed \"African solutions to African problems\". The question is whether present policies and activities in most of African countries sit in tandem with this buzzword. Much as we already prima facie predict that the slogan seems to currently be mere rhetoric, failure to find African solutions to Africa problems reinforces notions of contemporary colonialism of the African mind. Sub-Saharan Africa like many other developing and least developed countries faces many challenges inter alia poor infrastructure, little or absence of technical knowhow and poor quality of life for most of the citizens. A general and panoramic view of this situation indicates that there are more problems and challenges than there are solutions to the current this Africa status quo. The reason for the foregoing may be twofold; either there is lack of will power by most African countries to find solutions to their own problems or western countries with the capacity to help find solutions to African problems, do not do so adequately and timely. The most easily accepted view for most Africans is more the latter than the former. There is a general but often untenable and misguided view by most African citizens that developed countries owe Africa all desired support and development. This belief has been perpetuated reinforced by the lack of political and technical will or otherwise to find home grown solutions to African challenges. In wake of many challenges that Africa faces, the need to boost home grown capacity to tackle those challenges need not be overemphasized failure to which the perpetual cycle of need and underdevelopment would remain with the continent longer than desired and politically predicted."},"translated_abstract":"There is a current buzzword in most African countries dubbed \"African solutions to African problems\". The question is whether present policies and activities in most of African countries sit in tandem with this buzzword. Much as we already prima facie predict that the slogan seems to currently be mere rhetoric, failure to find African solutions to Africa problems reinforces notions of contemporary colonialism of the African mind. Sub-Saharan Africa like many other developing and least developed countries faces many challenges inter alia poor infrastructure, little or absence of technical knowhow and poor quality of life for most of the citizens. A general and panoramic view of this situation indicates that there are more problems and challenges than there are solutions to the current this Africa status quo. The reason for the foregoing may be twofold; either there is lack of will power by most African countries to find solutions to their own problems or western countries with the capacity to help find solutions to African problems, do not do so adequately and timely. The most easily accepted view for most Africans is more the latter than the former. There is a general but often untenable and misguided view by most African citizens that developed countries owe Africa all desired support and development. This belief has been perpetuated reinforced by the lack of political and technical will or otherwise to find home grown solutions to African challenges. In wake of many challenges that Africa faces, the need to boost home grown capacity to tackle those challenges need not be overemphasized failure to which the perpetual cycle of need and underdevelopment would remain with the continent longer than desired and politically predicted.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38916562/African_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-24T07:14:24.918-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2511025,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59016345,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59016345/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"African_Problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing20190424-44288-4g4lv6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59016345/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"African_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/59016345/African_Problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing20190424-44288-4g4lv6-libre.pdf?1556132432=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAfrican_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=KK-uPlxz0dni17XWB5W2mbgj-CNT~XKU3ts0lHb0T2RLD2Alxy4a3crfQ1gL1qgtj01X9MQcqCNs5eB11uR3VNjh4UpG0T7RD7Ho-Z~5tXBMMlut3GpkaeI5IsPhXkyCSY7gL0yvbeS~hBtIv2Seqo3C798JPMlfp6qfLMnxCzuppd4ipyrLBzaMO9kcQk93LX3guT8iPsfqcVbaJh~8I59hVjhVh~bDxeSbqomB-EPXI6Lp3xfgjgaGiXCsNap20zFmiV6kwRynQHyzTWeJWrlAxLIYsRpDd4jWZC-nIDSWiyg-1-oTdaCpqAFZ6bAYi75jw4k9s-MMiCmK6Ejz-Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"African_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2511025,"first_name":"ACKIM","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"LUNGU","page_name":"ACKIMLUNGU","domain_name":"consultant","created_at":"2012-09-16T03:24:41.701-07:00","display_name":"ACKIM LUNGU","url":"https://consultant.academia.edu/ACKIMLUNGU"},"attachments":[{"id":59016345,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59016345/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"African_Problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing20190424-44288-4g4lv6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59016345/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"African_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/59016345/African_Problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing20190424-44288-4g4lv6-libre.pdf?1556132432=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAfrican_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=KK-uPlxz0dni17XWB5W2mbgj-CNT~XKU3ts0lHb0T2RLD2Alxy4a3crfQ1gL1qgtj01X9MQcqCNs5eB11uR3VNjh4UpG0T7RD7Ho-Z~5tXBMMlut3GpkaeI5IsPhXkyCSY7gL0yvbeS~hBtIv2Seqo3C798JPMlfp6qfLMnxCzuppd4ipyrLBzaMO9kcQk93LX3guT8iPsfqcVbaJh~8I59hVjhVh~bDxeSbqomB-EPXI6Lp3xfgjgaGiXCsNap20zFmiV6kwRynQHyzTWeJWrlAxLIYsRpDd4jWZC-nIDSWiyg-1-oTdaCpqAFZ6bAYi75jw4k9s-MMiCmK6Ejz-Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":112493,"name":"Intellectual Property and Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property_and_Innovation"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38498258"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38498258/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection_pdf"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Boosting agricultural research in Zambia through effective plant variety protection.pdf" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58565089/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38498258/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection_pdf">Boosting agricultural research in Zambia through effective plant variety protection.pdf</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The ever expanding global population p resents both opportunities and cha llenges to the African ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The ever expanding global population p resents both opportunities and cha llenges to the African continent . Some of the opportunities that the projected population increase will create is the increased market size for goods , services and products , increased labor force and expanding infrastructure . This, to be sustained, require s corresponding output for goods and services . To a greater extent, t here is current ly in Africa, a strong and positive correlation between the size of the G ross D omestic P roduct (GDP) of a country and population magnitude al t h o u g h c e n t e ris p a ri b u s. I n a d d itio n t o t his, A fric a's population is poised to grow faste r than any other continent and Africa is currently projected to become the most populace continent by 2050 . Further to the foregoing, the greatest opportunity that comes with this projected increase in population is the opportunity in terms of market for a gricultural products. Therefore, o ne of the surest multibillion dollar investment in Africa which every country should position itself to tap into w ill b e a g ric ult u r e.  I n vie w o f t his , A fric a n n a ti ons n e e d t o e n s u r e t h a t s u c h o p p o rt u nit y is well t a k e n a d v a n t a g e o f  fir s t a n d f o r e m o s t b y A fric a c o u n trie s themselves. If agriculture is to be Africa's money spinner then it needs to be backed by proper , f u n c tio n al a n d e ff e c tiv e agricultural r e s e a r c h w h o s e in c e n tiv e r e sid e s in the u tilization of effective pla nt variety protection mechanisms to grant breeders reason and recompense t o in v e s t their tim e, r e s o u r c e a n d m o n e y in b r e e din g n e w v a rie tie s o f plants.  Therefore this paper focuses on the need to boost agricultural research in plants and crops only and does not extend to other types of farming .  <br />Key words: agriculture, population, opportunities, research, protection</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="16cdbf86a74c1f4a9377b69c2a4f40ee" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58565089,"asset_id":38498258,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58565089/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38498258"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38498258"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38498258; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38498258]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38498258]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38498258; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38498258']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38498258, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "16cdbf86a74c1f4a9377b69c2a4f40ee" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38498258]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38498258,"title":"Boosting agricultural research in Zambia through effective plant variety protection.pdf","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The ever expanding global population p resents both opportunities and cha llenges to the African continent . Some of the opportunities that the projected population increase will create is the increased market size for goods , services and products , increased labor force and expanding infrastructure . This, to be sustained, require s corresponding output for goods and services . To a greater extent, t here is current ly in Africa, a strong and positive correlation between the size of the G ross D omestic P roduct (GDP) of a country and population magnitude al t h o u g h c e n t e ris p a ri b u s. I n a d d itio n t o t his, A fric a's population is poised to grow faste r than any other continent and Africa is currently projected to become the most populace continent by 2050 . Further to the foregoing, the greatest opportunity that comes with this projected increase in population is the opportunity in terms of market for a gricultural products. Therefore, o ne of the surest multibillion dollar investment in Africa which every country should position itself to tap into w ill b e a g ric ult u r e. I n vie w o f t his , A fric a n n a ti ons n e e d t o e n s u r e t h a t s u c h o p p o rt u nit y is well t a k e n a d v a n t a g e o f fir s t a n d f o r e m o s t b y A fric a c o u n trie s themselves. If agriculture is to be Africa's money spinner then it needs to be backed by proper , f u n c tio n al a n d e ff e c tiv e agricultural r e s e a r c h w h o s e in c e n tiv e r e sid e s in the u tilization of effective pla nt variety protection mechanisms to grant breeders reason and recompense t o in v e s t their tim e, r e s o u r c e a n d m o n e y in b r e e din g n e w v a rie tie s o f plants. Therefore this paper focuses on the need to boost agricultural research in plants and crops only and does not extend to other types of farming . \nKey words: agriculture, population, opportunities, research, protection ","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The ever expanding global population p resents both opportunities and cha llenges to the African continent . Some of the opportunities that the projected population increase will create is the increased market size for goods , services and products , increased labor force and expanding infrastructure . This, to be sustained, require s corresponding output for goods and services . To a greater extent, t here is current ly in Africa, a strong and positive correlation between the size of the G ross D omestic P roduct (GDP) of a country and population magnitude al t h o u g h c e n t e ris p a ri b u s. I n a d d itio n t o t his, A fric a's population is poised to grow faste r than any other continent and Africa is currently projected to become the most populace continent by 2050 . Further to the foregoing, the greatest opportunity that comes with this projected increase in population is the opportunity in terms of market for a gricultural products. Therefore, o ne of the surest multibillion dollar investment in Africa which every country should position itself to tap into w ill b e a g ric ult u r e. I n vie w o f t his , A fric a n n a ti ons n e e d t o e n s u r e t h a t s u c h o p p o rt u nit y is well t a k e n a d v a n t a g e o f fir s t a n d f o r e m o s t b y A fric a c o u n trie s themselves. If agriculture is to be Africa's money spinner then it needs to be backed by proper , f u n c tio n al a n d e ff e c tiv e agricultural r e s e a r c h w h o s e in c e n tiv e r e sid e s in the u tilization of effective pla nt variety protection mechanisms to grant breeders reason and recompense t o in v e s t their tim e, r e s o u r c e a n d m o n e y in b r e e din g n e w v a rie tie s o f plants. Therefore this paper focuses on the need to boost agricultural research in plants and crops only and does not extend to other types of farming . \nKey words: agriculture, population, opportunities, research, protection ","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38498258/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection_pdf","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-03-06T00:44:53.443-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2511025,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58565089,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58565089/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58565089/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58565089/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection-libre.pdf?1551871408=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBoosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=SinyOQR8WzSCm~7lU5Gv1dnC67uroi26ycXy-cslIunF0M2h7JesE3JecW5VI9dMxkKwsHhbvjTcN8k-Eca7EjtQpH8bGGtEzvHfuOZQAziC~Qq6PjZNZQiBXsPd9VystbkdSk9ZsRXPFSaFfBufjcyIhhhrINtTGXvjXnxOQvxZI570R2Phf5GomRJqHMWGT5l2BpYRxa5IroDw3VtdC1pa-gWCqCMOuynMj8eLGS-UmnMqU~eUCdQAPtCcaYBq~lTJdhGkWwXui0jac3MVKSTjWTDUHs-6oaHFuiexKbU7kDZiQ2sJJvgUAHdUfehxjJLiuaJ0OZLLumr3wFAdMQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection_pdf","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2511025,"first_name":"ACKIM","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"LUNGU","page_name":"ACKIMLUNGU","domain_name":"consultant","created_at":"2012-09-16T03:24:41.701-07:00","display_name":"ACKIM LUNGU","url":"https://consultant.academia.edu/ACKIMLUNGU"},"attachments":[{"id":58565089,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58565089/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58565089/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58565089/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection-libre.pdf?1551871408=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBoosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=SinyOQR8WzSCm~7lU5Gv1dnC67uroi26ycXy-cslIunF0M2h7JesE3JecW5VI9dMxkKwsHhbvjTcN8k-Eca7EjtQpH8bGGtEzvHfuOZQAziC~Qq6PjZNZQiBXsPd9VystbkdSk9ZsRXPFSaFfBufjcyIhhhrINtTGXvjXnxOQvxZI570R2Phf5GomRJqHMWGT5l2BpYRxa5IroDw3VtdC1pa-gWCqCMOuynMj8eLGS-UmnMqU~eUCdQAPtCcaYBq~lTJdhGkWwXui0jac3MVKSTjWTDUHs-6oaHFuiexKbU7kDZiQ2sJJvgUAHdUfehxjJLiuaJ0OZLLumr3wFAdMQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":967,"name":"Intellectual Property","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38213025"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38213025/Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system_pdf"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Inclusion of traditional medicine in Zambia's health care system.pdf" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58252039/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38213025/Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system_pdf">Inclusion of traditional medicine in Zambia's health care system.pdf</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">There are different kinds of healthcare systems that are available in the world. In the context o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">There are different kinds of healthcare systems that are available in the world. In the context of Zambia, centeris paribus, healthcare is only provided through allopathic medicines and at all costs, the government discourages usage of traditional medicine and impliedly, it's adjudged as a sin by most of the Christian believers in the country. However, the foregoing is far from the facts on the grounds. The World Health Organization  (WHO) estimates that over 80% of the population in Zambia, as is with many other African countries, use traditional medicine to treat and cure various ailments and that the chance and likelihood of having access to traditional medicine and a traditional practitioner is higher as compared to allopathic treatment. This is compounded and reinforced further by the fact that traditional medicine is cheaper as compared to allopathic medicines and so is the comparison between a traditional practitioner and a medical doctor. Whether legalized or not, the fact remains that traditional medicine has always been part of life of people in the country who are predominantly indigenous/traditional people. While still denigrated by religious groups and the government owing to the colonial past that discouraged its use, modern preliminary research has proven the efficacy of most of the traditional medicines that have been used over time. Furthermore, the current status quo in Zambia is that access to allopathic medicines and healthcare still remains a challenge as most health centres especially in rural communities are still over five score kilometers radius. Therefore, considering that traditional medicine is intertwined with the lifestyles of traditional ethnic groups of the country, there is need for policy makers to explore the possibility of complimentarity of traditional medicine with allopathic medicine within a regulated context for the improvement of mental and physical well being of the general population.<br />Key words: Traditional medicine, allopathic medicine, complimentarity, health care, legal framework</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c6440cf3bbd7598542635cf746798daa" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58252039,"asset_id":38213025,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58252039/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38213025"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38213025"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38213025; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38213025]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38213025]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38213025; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38213025']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38213025, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c6440cf3bbd7598542635cf746798daa" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38213025]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38213025,"title":"Inclusion of traditional medicine in Zambia's health care system.pdf","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"There are different kinds of healthcare systems that are available in the world. In the context of Zambia, centeris paribus, healthcare is only provided through allopathic medicines and at all costs, the government discourages usage of traditional medicine and impliedly, it's adjudged as a sin by most of the Christian believers in the country. However, the foregoing is far from the facts on the grounds. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 80% of the population in Zambia, as is with many other African countries, use traditional medicine to treat and cure various ailments and that the chance and likelihood of having access to traditional medicine and a traditional practitioner is higher as compared to allopathic treatment. This is compounded and reinforced further by the fact that traditional medicine is cheaper as compared to allopathic medicines and so is the comparison between a traditional practitioner and a medical doctor. Whether legalized or not, the fact remains that traditional medicine has always been part of life of people in the country who are predominantly indigenous/traditional people. While still denigrated by religious groups and the government owing to the colonial past that discouraged its use, modern preliminary research has proven the efficacy of most of the traditional medicines that have been used over time. Furthermore, the current status quo in Zambia is that access to allopathic medicines and healthcare still remains a challenge as most health centres especially in rural communities are still over five score kilometers radius. Therefore, considering that traditional medicine is intertwined with the lifestyles of traditional ethnic groups of the country, there is need for policy makers to explore the possibility of complimentarity of traditional medicine with allopathic medicine within a regulated context for the improvement of mental and physical well being of the general population.\nKey words: Traditional medicine, allopathic medicine, complimentarity, health care, legal framework\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"There are different kinds of healthcare systems that are available in the world. In the context of Zambia, centeris paribus, healthcare is only provided through allopathic medicines and at all costs, the government discourages usage of traditional medicine and impliedly, it's adjudged as a sin by most of the Christian believers in the country. However, the foregoing is far from the facts on the grounds. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 80% of the population in Zambia, as is with many other African countries, use traditional medicine to treat and cure various ailments and that the chance and likelihood of having access to traditional medicine and a traditional practitioner is higher as compared to allopathic treatment. This is compounded and reinforced further by the fact that traditional medicine is cheaper as compared to allopathic medicines and so is the comparison between a traditional practitioner and a medical doctor. Whether legalized or not, the fact remains that traditional medicine has always been part of life of people in the country who are predominantly indigenous/traditional people. While still denigrated by religious groups and the government owing to the colonial past that discouraged its use, modern preliminary research has proven the efficacy of most of the traditional medicines that have been used over time. Furthermore, the current status quo in Zambia is that access to allopathic medicines and healthcare still remains a challenge as most health centres especially in rural communities are still over five score kilometers radius. Therefore, considering that traditional medicine is intertwined with the lifestyles of traditional ethnic groups of the country, there is need for policy makers to explore the possibility of complimentarity of traditional medicine with allopathic medicine within a regulated context for the improvement of mental and physical well being of the general population.\nKey words: Traditional medicine, allopathic medicine, complimentarity, health care, legal framework\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38213025/Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system_pdf","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-01-24T06:58:32.967-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2511025,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58252039,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58252039/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58252039/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zam.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58252039/Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system-libre.pdf?1548347964=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zam.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=XN6PhMWlrkWLBsZEICQp~n7GzS~77Jv-9FHIYbxijTrj9zW5k~YSNQ-YVKGhSf3Ub1JqMqQUuSdt3l1K70-1hmr0CPeF4ZW~OHIyCz8XhOGp99xfk5b7UcPVe6cLTzOHd8cY8cPU~s6ikecH-q4N05B76JCbBR3DtFuCNVIrs99B4hXe35sB9r5pgnk26njwwoS5LYwCX3o7vQQ1Q5GPitUSz4kolImWD90MeLhKAwRqIs6fc7-g1iRkuXmxJ6dlSHDrHzw2BFR8ZX8cxxzoycQrYW1h~zlBSIsbbFPIW5WrHol7z3niru1m9XmWHWZtB1iso1oNYBP2~oSI~n5ESA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system_pdf","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2511025,"first_name":"ACKIM","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"LUNGU","page_name":"ACKIMLUNGU","domain_name":"consultant","created_at":"2012-09-16T03:24:41.701-07:00","display_name":"ACKIM LUNGU","url":"https://consultant.academia.edu/ACKIMLUNGU"},"attachments":[{"id":58252039,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58252039/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58252039/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zam.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58252039/Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system-libre.pdf?1548347964=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zam.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=XN6PhMWlrkWLBsZEICQp~n7GzS~77Jv-9FHIYbxijTrj9zW5k~YSNQ-YVKGhSf3Ub1JqMqQUuSdt3l1K70-1hmr0CPeF4ZW~OHIyCz8XhOGp99xfk5b7UcPVe6cLTzOHd8cY8cPU~s6ikecH-q4N05B76JCbBR3DtFuCNVIrs99B4hXe35sB9r5pgnk26njwwoS5LYwCX3o7vQQ1Q5GPitUSz4kolImWD90MeLhKAwRqIs6fc7-g1iRkuXmxJ6dlSHDrHzw2BFR8ZX8cxxzoycQrYW1h~zlBSIsbbFPIW5WrHol7z3niru1m9XmWHWZtB1iso1oNYBP2~oSI~n5ESA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":31239,"name":"Traditional Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Knowledge"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by ACKIM LUNGU</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38321347"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38321347/Innovation_as_a_means_for_creating_employment_and_incomes_in_developing_countries_pdf"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Innovation as a means for creating employment and incomes in developing countries.pdf" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58371154/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38321347/Innovation_as_a_means_for_creating_employment_and_incomes_in_developing_countries_pdf">Innovation as a means for creating employment and incomes in developing countries.pdf</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Innovative development of Society:Project management and Intellectual Property-Donetsk State University of Management</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The contemporary world is facing a lot of social challenges that need to be solved to better the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The contemporary world is facing a lot of social challenges that need to be solved to better the lives of humanity. Most of the social challenges stem from natural as well as human factors. Innovation can be said as coming up with new ideas to solve specific problems facing societies or improving on existing ideas and successfully commercializing such ideas. Most of the least developed countries face social challenges stemming from unemployment and food insecurity. Most of the fore-going challenges can be tackled through an effective regime that harness innovation and embraces it as a driver to solving many challenges and as a component in national development. This article therefore endeavors to bring to the fore and to the attention of policy makers and all stakeholders on how innovation can be embraced in the development agendas of the various countries especially least developed countries.<br /><br /><br />Key words: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Social challenges, Economy, Poverty alleviation</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2765ce0429a82f6fa1454192dbc45cd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58371154,"asset_id":38321347,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58371154/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38321347"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38321347"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38321347; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38321347]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38321347]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38321347; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38321347']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38321347, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c2765ce0429a82f6fa1454192dbc45cd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38321347]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38321347,"title":"Innovation as a means for creating employment and incomes in developing countries.pdf","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The contemporary world is facing a lot of social challenges that need to be solved to better the lives of humanity. Most of the social challenges stem from natural as well as human factors. Innovation can be said as coming up with new ideas to solve specific problems facing societies or improving on existing ideas and successfully commercializing such ideas. Most of the least developed countries face social challenges stemming from unemployment and food insecurity. Most of the fore-going challenges can be tackled through an effective regime that harness innovation and embraces it as a driver to solving many challenges and as a component in national development. This article therefore endeavors to bring to the fore and to the attention of policy makers and all stakeholders on how innovation can be embraced in the development agendas of the various countries especially least developed countries.\n\n\nKey words: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Social challenges, Economy, Poverty alleviation\n\n\n\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Innovative development of Society:Project management and Intellectual Property-Donetsk State University of Management"},"translated_abstract":"The contemporary world is facing a lot of social challenges that need to be solved to better the lives of humanity. Most of the social challenges stem from natural as well as human factors. Innovation can be said as coming up with new ideas to solve specific problems facing societies or improving on existing ideas and successfully commercializing such ideas. Most of the least developed countries face social challenges stemming from unemployment and food insecurity. Most of the fore-going challenges can be tackled through an effective regime that harness innovation and embraces it as a driver to solving many challenges and as a component in national development. This article therefore endeavors to bring to the fore and to the attention of policy makers and all stakeholders on how innovation can be embraced in the development agendas of the various countries especially least developed countries.\n\n\nKey words: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Social challenges, Economy, Poverty alleviation\n\n\n\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38321347/Innovation_as_a_means_for_creating_employment_and_incomes_in_developing_countries_pdf","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-02-10T05:21:17.046-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2511025,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58371154,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58371154/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Innovation_as_a_means_for_creating_employment_and_incomes_in_developing_countries.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58371154/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Innovation_as_a_means_for_creating_emplo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58371154/Innovation_as_a_means_for_creating_employment_and_incomes_in_developing_countries-libre.pdf?1549808828=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInnovation_as_a_means_for_creating_emplo.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=ezMo~KxmFsFG8OsBqbAgRoSAa6vznUa8xpeigcZB2eybVl42Pm01bHgJxXdLkNUzhW5U07d9EC9hrRKc61TOBX-RMXLP3EzyvbAB1sUU7RkCSEiolCUBx3AfwSIdBJrU452o-T58BxsQdlpvlEFEvKGFKAcP-j58CeZ7Bpm~C7u6oO06CwlZ627y3aVibiupeIFMHbZ~bkueKNCop9Te6DMARvwQEjLiV3ZD2KCpOid1~mxifGP3VIUbfaa-bshYdGI~Df8w8Kwu6nJkkV~taPz32yxiDzJRO6gWSd~NRF2uqN79~X5T3rVqNrrXEsXjwTm5CbvX2ncP3wThN8skLg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Innovation_as_a_means_for_creating_employment_and_incomes_in_developing_countries_pdf","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2511025,"first_name":"ACKIM","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"LUNGU","page_name":"ACKIMLUNGU","domain_name":"consultant","created_at":"2012-09-16T03:24:41.701-07:00","display_name":"ACKIM LUNGU","url":"https://consultant.academia.edu/ACKIMLUNGU"},"attachments":[{"id":58371154,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58371154/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Innovation_as_a_means_for_creating_employment_and_incomes_in_developing_countries.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58371154/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Innovation_as_a_means_for_creating_emplo.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58371154/Innovation_as_a_means_for_creating_employment_and_incomes_in_developing_countries-libre.pdf?1549808828=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInnovation_as_a_means_for_creating_emplo.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=ezMo~KxmFsFG8OsBqbAgRoSAa6vznUa8xpeigcZB2eybVl42Pm01bHgJxXdLkNUzhW5U07d9EC9hrRKc61TOBX-RMXLP3EzyvbAB1sUU7RkCSEiolCUBx3AfwSIdBJrU452o-T58BxsQdlpvlEFEvKGFKAcP-j58CeZ7Bpm~C7u6oO06CwlZ627y3aVibiupeIFMHbZ~bkueKNCop9Te6DMARvwQEjLiV3ZD2KCpOid1~mxifGP3VIUbfaa-bshYdGI~Df8w8Kwu6nJkkV~taPz32yxiDzJRO6gWSd~NRF2uqN79~X5T3rVqNrrXEsXjwTm5CbvX2ncP3wThN8skLg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":24024,"name":"Innovation and Creativity (Business)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Innovation_and_Creativity_Business_"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38320810"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38320810/Traditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural_economic_development_pdf"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Traditional knowledge as means for rural economic development.pdf" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58370524/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38320810/Traditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural_economic_development_pdf">Traditional knowledge as means for rural economic development.pdf</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>WIPO-WTO Colloquium papers</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of Traditional Knowledge in Afric...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of Traditional Knowledge in Africa and Zambia in particular in terms of it being a means through which to attain rural economic empowerment and development. Rural communities have for a long time in Zambia been associated with high unemployment levels and consequently high poverty levels. In light of the fore-going, this paper attempts to be an indicator to policy makers in Zambia to diversify the economy away from copper, which is the traditional export for the country, into other ventures such as the harnessing, the use and commercialization of Traditional Knowledge to empower rural populations. In realizing and recognizing the intrinsic value that Traditional Knowledge particularly Traditional Medicine has, it becomes important that policy makers, through this paper, realize this intrinsic value and invest into this sector of the economy. Finally, the paper will come up with recommendations that can be used in order to successfully harness traditional knowledge to the benefit of the citizenry especially rural communities in Zambia.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Key words: Traditional Medicine, Cultural expressions, commercialization, protection, economic empowerment, rural population, rural incomes.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="90902a6fc588bfc98db580132f775a34" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58370524,"asset_id":38320810,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58370524/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38320810"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38320810"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38320810; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38320810]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38320810]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38320810; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38320810']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38320810, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "90902a6fc588bfc98db580132f775a34" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38320810]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38320810,"title":"Traditional knowledge as means for rural economic development.pdf","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of Traditional Knowledge in Africa and Zambia in particular in terms of it being a means through which to attain rural economic empowerment and development. Rural communities have for a long time in Zambia been associated with high unemployment levels and consequently high poverty levels. In light of the fore-going, this paper attempts to be an indicator to policy makers in Zambia to diversify the economy away from copper, which is the traditional export for the country, into other ventures such as the harnessing, the use and commercialization of Traditional Knowledge to empower rural populations. In realizing and recognizing the intrinsic value that Traditional Knowledge particularly Traditional Medicine has, it becomes important that policy makers, through this paper, realize this intrinsic value and invest into this sector of the economy. Finally, the paper will come up with recommendations that can be used in order to successfully harness traditional knowledge to the benefit of the citizenry especially rural communities in Zambia.\n\n\n\n\nKey words: Traditional Medicine, Cultural expressions, commercialization, protection, economic empowerment, rural population, rural incomes. \n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"WIPO-WTO Colloquium papers"},"translated_abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of Traditional Knowledge in Africa and Zambia in particular in terms of it being a means through which to attain rural economic empowerment and development. Rural communities have for a long time in Zambia been associated with high unemployment levels and consequently high poverty levels. In light of the fore-going, this paper attempts to be an indicator to policy makers in Zambia to diversify the economy away from copper, which is the traditional export for the country, into other ventures such as the harnessing, the use and commercialization of Traditional Knowledge to empower rural populations. In realizing and recognizing the intrinsic value that Traditional Knowledge particularly Traditional Medicine has, it becomes important that policy makers, through this paper, realize this intrinsic value and invest into this sector of the economy. Finally, the paper will come up with recommendations that can be used in order to successfully harness traditional knowledge to the benefit of the citizenry especially rural communities in Zambia.\n\n\n\n\nKey words: Traditional Medicine, Cultural expressions, commercialization, protection, economic empowerment, rural population, rural incomes. \n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38320810/Traditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural_economic_development_pdf","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-02-10T03:11:15.087-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2511025,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58370524,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58370524/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Traditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural_economic_development.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58370524/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Traditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58370524/Traditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural_economic_development-libre.pdf?1549800670=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTraditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=KIFNl6MRllp~Xp3TrxiJUkXVRG3O7lFbjXgjLbffOAE4a6w4bTxHEDEw2byNbEN1kcQuPj8izNyIE-djiR8KAbMaH54-WA7fYKQraaNMAwsVltbhgykpxje8rny6ggUzOpIFe8VglbqwtZfU6Gh1qa11HiAskunApZ4S9iZ8xXbkuoRrQhMfeKlAiCLM5fXH0VeaB6OHCrLv3SzJ1lI7psBtQd53u4Lo2T9OLnRVy1LkVMyro698fsAVwbAK-p2emHwC6iLg8i6W0dudp5CaqBZu-xqUesiHGUYOgwvz3NhRSg-6o97NHIxWT1F58sfWNnTW3s5IzvRrOmX3~E9nGg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Traditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural_economic_development_pdf","translated_slug":"","page_count":13,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2511025,"first_name":"ACKIM","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"LUNGU","page_name":"ACKIMLUNGU","domain_name":"consultant","created_at":"2012-09-16T03:24:41.701-07:00","display_name":"ACKIM LUNGU","url":"https://consultant.academia.edu/ACKIMLUNGU"},"attachments":[{"id":58370524,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58370524/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Traditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural_economic_development.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58370524/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Traditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58370524/Traditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural_economic_development-libre.pdf?1549800670=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTraditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=KIFNl6MRllp~Xp3TrxiJUkXVRG3O7lFbjXgjLbffOAE4a6w4bTxHEDEw2byNbEN1kcQuPj8izNyIE-djiR8KAbMaH54-WA7fYKQraaNMAwsVltbhgykpxje8rny6ggUzOpIFe8VglbqwtZfU6Gh1qa11HiAskunApZ4S9iZ8xXbkuoRrQhMfeKlAiCLM5fXH0VeaB6OHCrLv3SzJ1lI7psBtQd53u4Lo2T9OLnRVy1LkVMyro698fsAVwbAK-p2emHwC6iLg8i6W0dudp5CaqBZu-xqUesiHGUYOgwvz3NhRSg-6o97NHIxWT1F58sfWNnTW3s5IzvRrOmX3~E9nGg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":967,"name":"Intellectual Property","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="8878415" id="drafts"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38916562"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38916562/African_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of African problems, Western Solutions; Zambia's undoing?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59016345/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38916562/African_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing">African problems, Western Solutions; Zambia's undoing?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">There is a current buzzword in most African countries dubbed "African solutions to African proble...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">There is a current buzzword in most African countries dubbed "African solutions to African problems". The question is whether present policies and activities in most of African countries sit in tandem with this buzzword. Much as we already prima facie predict that the slogan seems to currently be mere rhetoric, failure to find African solutions to Africa problems reinforces notions of contemporary colonialism of the African mind. Sub-Saharan Africa like many other developing and least developed countries faces many challenges inter alia poor infrastructure, little or absence of technical knowhow and poor quality of life for most of the citizens. A general and panoramic view of this situation indicates that there are more problems and challenges than there are solutions to the current this Africa status quo. The reason for the foregoing may be twofold; either there is lack of will power by most African countries to find solutions to their own problems or western countries with the capacity to help find solutions to African problems, do not do so adequately and timely. The most easily accepted view for most Africans is more the latter than the former. There is a general but often untenable and misguided view by most African citizens that developed countries owe Africa all desired support and development. This belief has been perpetuated reinforced by the lack of political and technical will or otherwise to find home grown solutions to African challenges. In wake of many challenges that Africa faces, the need to boost home grown capacity to tackle those challenges need not be overemphasized failure to which the perpetual cycle of need and underdevelopment would remain with the continent longer than desired and politically predicted.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="74f2a08f230762808dab80686d1d3a53" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":59016345,"asset_id":38916562,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59016345/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38916562"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38916562"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38916562; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38916562]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38916562]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38916562; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38916562']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38916562, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "74f2a08f230762808dab80686d1d3a53" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38916562]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38916562,"title":"African problems, Western Solutions; Zambia's undoing?","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"There is a current buzzword in most African countries dubbed \"African solutions to African problems\". The question is whether present policies and activities in most of African countries sit in tandem with this buzzword. Much as we already prima facie predict that the slogan seems to currently be mere rhetoric, failure to find African solutions to Africa problems reinforces notions of contemporary colonialism of the African mind. Sub-Saharan Africa like many other developing and least developed countries faces many challenges inter alia poor infrastructure, little or absence of technical knowhow and poor quality of life for most of the citizens. A general and panoramic view of this situation indicates that there are more problems and challenges than there are solutions to the current this Africa status quo. The reason for the foregoing may be twofold; either there is lack of will power by most African countries to find solutions to their own problems or western countries with the capacity to help find solutions to African problems, do not do so adequately and timely. The most easily accepted view for most Africans is more the latter than the former. There is a general but often untenable and misguided view by most African citizens that developed countries owe Africa all desired support and development. This belief has been perpetuated reinforced by the lack of political and technical will or otherwise to find home grown solutions to African challenges. In wake of many challenges that Africa faces, the need to boost home grown capacity to tackle those challenges need not be overemphasized failure to which the perpetual cycle of need and underdevelopment would remain with the continent longer than desired and politically predicted."},"translated_abstract":"There is a current buzzword in most African countries dubbed \"African solutions to African problems\". The question is whether present policies and activities in most of African countries sit in tandem with this buzzword. Much as we already prima facie predict that the slogan seems to currently be mere rhetoric, failure to find African solutions to Africa problems reinforces notions of contemporary colonialism of the African mind. Sub-Saharan Africa like many other developing and least developed countries faces many challenges inter alia poor infrastructure, little or absence of technical knowhow and poor quality of life for most of the citizens. A general and panoramic view of this situation indicates that there are more problems and challenges than there are solutions to the current this Africa status quo. The reason for the foregoing may be twofold; either there is lack of will power by most African countries to find solutions to their own problems or western countries with the capacity to help find solutions to African problems, do not do so adequately and timely. The most easily accepted view for most Africans is more the latter than the former. There is a general but often untenable and misguided view by most African citizens that developed countries owe Africa all desired support and development. This belief has been perpetuated reinforced by the lack of political and technical will or otherwise to find home grown solutions to African challenges. In wake of many challenges that Africa faces, the need to boost home grown capacity to tackle those challenges need not be overemphasized failure to which the perpetual cycle of need and underdevelopment would remain with the continent longer than desired and politically predicted.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38916562/African_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-04-24T07:14:24.918-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2511025,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59016345,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59016345/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"African_Problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing20190424-44288-4g4lv6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59016345/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"African_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/59016345/African_Problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing20190424-44288-4g4lv6-libre.pdf?1556132432=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAfrican_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=KK-uPlxz0dni17XWB5W2mbgj-CNT~XKU3ts0lHb0T2RLD2Alxy4a3crfQ1gL1qgtj01X9MQcqCNs5eB11uR3VNjh4UpG0T7RD7Ho-Z~5tXBMMlut3GpkaeI5IsPhXkyCSY7gL0yvbeS~hBtIv2Seqo3C798JPMlfp6qfLMnxCzuppd4ipyrLBzaMO9kcQk93LX3guT8iPsfqcVbaJh~8I59hVjhVh~bDxeSbqomB-EPXI6Lp3xfgjgaGiXCsNap20zFmiV6kwRynQHyzTWeJWrlAxLIYsRpDd4jWZC-nIDSWiyg-1-oTdaCpqAFZ6bAYi75jw4k9s-MMiCmK6Ejz-Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"African_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing","translated_slug":"","page_count":10,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2511025,"first_name":"ACKIM","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"LUNGU","page_name":"ACKIMLUNGU","domain_name":"consultant","created_at":"2012-09-16T03:24:41.701-07:00","display_name":"ACKIM LUNGU","url":"https://consultant.academia.edu/ACKIMLUNGU"},"attachments":[{"id":59016345,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/59016345/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"African_Problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing20190424-44288-4g4lv6.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59016345/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"African_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambi.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/59016345/African_Problems_Western_Solutions_Zambias_undoing20190424-44288-4g4lv6-libre.pdf?1556132432=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAfrican_problems_Western_Solutions_Zambi.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=KK-uPlxz0dni17XWB5W2mbgj-CNT~XKU3ts0lHb0T2RLD2Alxy4a3crfQ1gL1qgtj01X9MQcqCNs5eB11uR3VNjh4UpG0T7RD7Ho-Z~5tXBMMlut3GpkaeI5IsPhXkyCSY7gL0yvbeS~hBtIv2Seqo3C798JPMlfp6qfLMnxCzuppd4ipyrLBzaMO9kcQk93LX3guT8iPsfqcVbaJh~8I59hVjhVh~bDxeSbqomB-EPXI6Lp3xfgjgaGiXCsNap20zFmiV6kwRynQHyzTWeJWrlAxLIYsRpDd4jWZC-nIDSWiyg-1-oTdaCpqAFZ6bAYi75jw4k9s-MMiCmK6Ejz-Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":112493,"name":"Intellectual Property and Innovation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property_and_Innovation"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38498258"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38498258/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection_pdf"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Boosting agricultural research in Zambia through effective plant variety protection.pdf" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58565089/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38498258/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection_pdf">Boosting agricultural research in Zambia through effective plant variety protection.pdf</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The ever expanding global population p resents both opportunities and cha llenges to the African ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The ever expanding global population p resents both opportunities and cha llenges to the African continent . Some of the opportunities that the projected population increase will create is the increased market size for goods , services and products , increased labor force and expanding infrastructure . This, to be sustained, require s corresponding output for goods and services . To a greater extent, t here is current ly in Africa, a strong and positive correlation between the size of the G ross D omestic P roduct (GDP) of a country and population magnitude al t h o u g h c e n t e ris p a ri b u s. I n a d d itio n t o t his, A fric a's population is poised to grow faste r than any other continent and Africa is currently projected to become the most populace continent by 2050 . Further to the foregoing, the greatest opportunity that comes with this projected increase in population is the opportunity in terms of market for a gricultural products. Therefore, o ne of the surest multibillion dollar investment in Africa which every country should position itself to tap into w ill b e a g ric ult u r e.  I n vie w o f t his , A fric a n n a ti ons n e e d t o e n s u r e t h a t s u c h o p p o rt u nit y is well t a k e n a d v a n t a g e o f  fir s t a n d f o r e m o s t b y A fric a c o u n trie s themselves. If agriculture is to be Africa's money spinner then it needs to be backed by proper , f u n c tio n al a n d e ff e c tiv e agricultural r e s e a r c h w h o s e in c e n tiv e r e sid e s in the u tilization of effective pla nt variety protection mechanisms to grant breeders reason and recompense t o in v e s t their tim e, r e s o u r c e a n d m o n e y in b r e e din g n e w v a rie tie s o f plants.  Therefore this paper focuses on the need to boost agricultural research in plants and crops only and does not extend to other types of farming .  <br />Key words: agriculture, population, opportunities, research, protection</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="16cdbf86a74c1f4a9377b69c2a4f40ee" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58565089,"asset_id":38498258,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58565089/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38498258"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38498258"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38498258; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38498258]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38498258]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38498258; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38498258']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38498258, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "16cdbf86a74c1f4a9377b69c2a4f40ee" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38498258]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38498258,"title":"Boosting agricultural research in Zambia through effective plant variety protection.pdf","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The ever expanding global population p resents both opportunities and cha llenges to the African continent . Some of the opportunities that the projected population increase will create is the increased market size for goods , services and products , increased labor force and expanding infrastructure . This, to be sustained, require s corresponding output for goods and services . To a greater extent, t here is current ly in Africa, a strong and positive correlation between the size of the G ross D omestic P roduct (GDP) of a country and population magnitude al t h o u g h c e n t e ris p a ri b u s. I n a d d itio n t o t his, A fric a's population is poised to grow faste r than any other continent and Africa is currently projected to become the most populace continent by 2050 . Further to the foregoing, the greatest opportunity that comes with this projected increase in population is the opportunity in terms of market for a gricultural products. Therefore, o ne of the surest multibillion dollar investment in Africa which every country should position itself to tap into w ill b e a g ric ult u r e. I n vie w o f t his , A fric a n n a ti ons n e e d t o e n s u r e t h a t s u c h o p p o rt u nit y is well t a k e n a d v a n t a g e o f fir s t a n d f o r e m o s t b y A fric a c o u n trie s themselves. If agriculture is to be Africa's money spinner then it needs to be backed by proper , f u n c tio n al a n d e ff e c tiv e agricultural r e s e a r c h w h o s e in c e n tiv e r e sid e s in the u tilization of effective pla nt variety protection mechanisms to grant breeders reason and recompense t o in v e s t their tim e, r e s o u r c e a n d m o n e y in b r e e din g n e w v a rie tie s o f plants. Therefore this paper focuses on the need to boost agricultural research in plants and crops only and does not extend to other types of farming . \nKey words: agriculture, population, opportunities, research, protection ","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The ever expanding global population p resents both opportunities and cha llenges to the African continent . Some of the opportunities that the projected population increase will create is the increased market size for goods , services and products , increased labor force and expanding infrastructure . This, to be sustained, require s corresponding output for goods and services . To a greater extent, t here is current ly in Africa, a strong and positive correlation between the size of the G ross D omestic P roduct (GDP) of a country and population magnitude al t h o u g h c e n t e ris p a ri b u s. I n a d d itio n t o t his, A fric a's population is poised to grow faste r than any other continent and Africa is currently projected to become the most populace continent by 2050 . Further to the foregoing, the greatest opportunity that comes with this projected increase in population is the opportunity in terms of market for a gricultural products. Therefore, o ne of the surest multibillion dollar investment in Africa which every country should position itself to tap into w ill b e a g ric ult u r e. I n vie w o f t his , A fric a n n a ti ons n e e d t o e n s u r e t h a t s u c h o p p o rt u nit y is well t a k e n a d v a n t a g e o f fir s t a n d f o r e m o s t b y A fric a c o u n trie s themselves. If agriculture is to be Africa's money spinner then it needs to be backed by proper , f u n c tio n al a n d e ff e c tiv e agricultural r e s e a r c h w h o s e in c e n tiv e r e sid e s in the u tilization of effective pla nt variety protection mechanisms to grant breeders reason and recompense t o in v e s t their tim e, r e s o u r c e a n d m o n e y in b r e e din g n e w v a rie tie s o f plants. Therefore this paper focuses on the need to boost agricultural research in plants and crops only and does not extend to other types of farming . \nKey words: agriculture, population, opportunities, research, protection ","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38498258/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection_pdf","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-03-06T00:44:53.443-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2511025,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58565089,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58565089/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58565089/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58565089/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection-libre.pdf?1551871408=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBoosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=SinyOQR8WzSCm~7lU5Gv1dnC67uroi26ycXy-cslIunF0M2h7JesE3JecW5VI9dMxkKwsHhbvjTcN8k-Eca7EjtQpH8bGGtEzvHfuOZQAziC~Qq6PjZNZQiBXsPd9VystbkdSk9ZsRXPFSaFfBufjcyIhhhrINtTGXvjXnxOQvxZI570R2Phf5GomRJqHMWGT5l2BpYRxa5IroDw3VtdC1pa-gWCqCMOuynMj8eLGS-UmnMqU~eUCdQAPtCcaYBq~lTJdhGkWwXui0jac3MVKSTjWTDUHs-6oaHFuiexKbU7kDZiQ2sJJvgUAHdUfehxjJLiuaJ0OZLLumr3wFAdMQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection_pdf","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2511025,"first_name":"ACKIM","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"LUNGU","page_name":"ACKIMLUNGU","domain_name":"consultant","created_at":"2012-09-16T03:24:41.701-07:00","display_name":"ACKIM LUNGU","url":"https://consultant.academia.edu/ACKIMLUNGU"},"attachments":[{"id":58565089,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58565089/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58565089/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58565089/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection-libre.pdf?1551871408=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBoosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=SinyOQR8WzSCm~7lU5Gv1dnC67uroi26ycXy-cslIunF0M2h7JesE3JecW5VI9dMxkKwsHhbvjTcN8k-Eca7EjtQpH8bGGtEzvHfuOZQAziC~Qq6PjZNZQiBXsPd9VystbkdSk9ZsRXPFSaFfBufjcyIhhhrINtTGXvjXnxOQvxZI570R2Phf5GomRJqHMWGT5l2BpYRxa5IroDw3VtdC1pa-gWCqCMOuynMj8eLGS-UmnMqU~eUCdQAPtCcaYBq~lTJdhGkWwXui0jac3MVKSTjWTDUHs-6oaHFuiexKbU7kDZiQ2sJJvgUAHdUfehxjJLiuaJ0OZLLumr3wFAdMQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":967,"name":"Intellectual Property","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellectual_Property"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38213025"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38213025/Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system_pdf"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Inclusion of traditional medicine in Zambia's health care system.pdf" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58252039/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38213025/Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system_pdf">Inclusion of traditional medicine in Zambia's health care system.pdf</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">There are different kinds of healthcare systems that are available in the world. In the context o...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">There are different kinds of healthcare systems that are available in the world. In the context of Zambia, centeris paribus, healthcare is only provided through allopathic medicines and at all costs, the government discourages usage of traditional medicine and impliedly, it's adjudged as a sin by most of the Christian believers in the country. However, the foregoing is far from the facts on the grounds. The World Health Organization  (WHO) estimates that over 80% of the population in Zambia, as is with many other African countries, use traditional medicine to treat and cure various ailments and that the chance and likelihood of having access to traditional medicine and a traditional practitioner is higher as compared to allopathic treatment. This is compounded and reinforced further by the fact that traditional medicine is cheaper as compared to allopathic medicines and so is the comparison between a traditional practitioner and a medical doctor. Whether legalized or not, the fact remains that traditional medicine has always been part of life of people in the country who are predominantly indigenous/traditional people. While still denigrated by religious groups and the government owing to the colonial past that discouraged its use, modern preliminary research has proven the efficacy of most of the traditional medicines that have been used over time. Furthermore, the current status quo in Zambia is that access to allopathic medicines and healthcare still remains a challenge as most health centres especially in rural communities are still over five score kilometers radius. Therefore, considering that traditional medicine is intertwined with the lifestyles of traditional ethnic groups of the country, there is need for policy makers to explore the possibility of complimentarity of traditional medicine with allopathic medicine within a regulated context for the improvement of mental and physical well being of the general population.<br />Key words: Traditional medicine, allopathic medicine, complimentarity, health care, legal framework</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c6440cf3bbd7598542635cf746798daa" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58252039,"asset_id":38213025,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58252039/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38213025"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38213025"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38213025; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38213025]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38213025]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38213025; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38213025']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38213025, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c6440cf3bbd7598542635cf746798daa" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38213025]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38213025,"title":"Inclusion of traditional medicine in Zambia's health care system.pdf","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"There are different kinds of healthcare systems that are available in the world. In the context of Zambia, centeris paribus, healthcare is only provided through allopathic medicines and at all costs, the government discourages usage of traditional medicine and impliedly, it's adjudged as a sin by most of the Christian believers in the country. However, the foregoing is far from the facts on the grounds. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 80% of the population in Zambia, as is with many other African countries, use traditional medicine to treat and cure various ailments and that the chance and likelihood of having access to traditional medicine and a traditional practitioner is higher as compared to allopathic treatment. This is compounded and reinforced further by the fact that traditional medicine is cheaper as compared to allopathic medicines and so is the comparison between a traditional practitioner and a medical doctor. Whether legalized or not, the fact remains that traditional medicine has always been part of life of people in the country who are predominantly indigenous/traditional people. While still denigrated by religious groups and the government owing to the colonial past that discouraged its use, modern preliminary research has proven the efficacy of most of the traditional medicines that have been used over time. Furthermore, the current status quo in Zambia is that access to allopathic medicines and healthcare still remains a challenge as most health centres especially in rural communities are still over five score kilometers radius. 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The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 80% of the population in Zambia, as is with many other African countries, use traditional medicine to treat and cure various ailments and that the chance and likelihood of having access to traditional medicine and a traditional practitioner is higher as compared to allopathic treatment. This is compounded and reinforced further by the fact that traditional medicine is cheaper as compared to allopathic medicines and so is the comparison between a traditional practitioner and a medical doctor. Whether legalized or not, the fact remains that traditional medicine has always been part of life of people in the country who are predominantly indigenous/traditional people. While still denigrated by religious groups and the government owing to the colonial past that discouraged its use, modern preliminary research has proven the efficacy of most of the traditional medicines that have been used over time. Furthermore, the current status quo in Zambia is that access to allopathic medicines and healthcare still remains a challenge as most health centres especially in rural communities are still over five score kilometers radius. Therefore, considering that traditional medicine is intertwined with the lifestyles of traditional ethnic groups of the country, there is need for policy makers to explore the possibility of complimentarity of traditional medicine with allopathic medicine within a regulated context for the improvement of mental and physical well being of the general population.\nKey words: Traditional medicine, allopathic medicine, complimentarity, health care, legal framework\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38213025/Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system_pdf","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-01-24T06:58:32.967-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":2511025,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58252039,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58252039/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58252039/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zam.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58252039/Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system-libre.pdf?1548347964=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zam.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=XN6PhMWlrkWLBsZEICQp~n7GzS~77Jv-9FHIYbxijTrj9zW5k~YSNQ-YVKGhSf3Ub1JqMqQUuSdt3l1K70-1hmr0CPeF4ZW~OHIyCz8XhOGp99xfk5b7UcPVe6cLTzOHd8cY8cPU~s6ikecH-q4N05B76JCbBR3DtFuCNVIrs99B4hXe35sB9r5pgnk26njwwoS5LYwCX3o7vQQ1Q5GPitUSz4kolImWD90MeLhKAwRqIs6fc7-g1iRkuXmxJ6dlSHDrHzw2BFR8ZX8cxxzoycQrYW1h~zlBSIsbbFPIW5WrHol7z3niru1m9XmWHWZtB1iso1oNYBP2~oSI~n5ESA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system_pdf","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":2511025,"first_name":"ACKIM","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"LUNGU","page_name":"ACKIMLUNGU","domain_name":"consultant","created_at":"2012-09-16T03:24:41.701-07:00","display_name":"ACKIM LUNGU","url":"https://consultant.academia.edu/ACKIMLUNGU"},"attachments":[{"id":58252039,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58252039/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58252039/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zam.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/58252039/Inclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zambias_health_care_system-libre.pdf?1548347964=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DInclusion_of_traditional_medicine_in_Zam.pdf\u0026Expires=1732805471\u0026Signature=XN6PhMWlrkWLBsZEICQp~n7GzS~77Jv-9FHIYbxijTrj9zW5k~YSNQ-YVKGhSf3Ub1JqMqQUuSdt3l1K70-1hmr0CPeF4ZW~OHIyCz8XhOGp99xfk5b7UcPVe6cLTzOHd8cY8cPU~s6ikecH-q4N05B76JCbBR3DtFuCNVIrs99B4hXe35sB9r5pgnk26njwwoS5LYwCX3o7vQQ1Q5GPitUSz4kolImWD90MeLhKAwRqIs6fc7-g1iRkuXmxJ6dlSHDrHzw2BFR8ZX8cxxzoycQrYW1h~zlBSIsbbFPIW5WrHol7z3niru1m9XmWHWZtB1iso1oNYBP2~oSI~n5ESA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":31239,"name":"Traditional Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Traditional_Knowledge"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="8913086" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38321347"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38321347/Innovation_as_a_means_for_creating_employment_and_incomes_in_developing_countries_pdf"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Innovation as a means for creating employment and incomes in developing countries.pdf" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58371154/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38321347/Innovation_as_a_means_for_creating_employment_and_incomes_in_developing_countries_pdf">Innovation as a means for creating employment and incomes in developing countries.pdf</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Innovative development of Society:Project management and Intellectual Property-Donetsk State University of Management</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The contemporary world is facing a lot of social challenges that need to be solved to better the ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The contemporary world is facing a lot of social challenges that need to be solved to better the lives of humanity. Most of the social challenges stem from natural as well as human factors. Innovation can be said as coming up with new ideas to solve specific problems facing societies or improving on existing ideas and successfully commercializing such ideas. Most of the least developed countries face social challenges stemming from unemployment and food insecurity. Most of the fore-going challenges can be tackled through an effective regime that harness innovation and embraces it as a driver to solving many challenges and as a component in national development. This article therefore endeavors to bring to the fore and to the attention of policy makers and all stakeholders on how innovation can be embraced in the development agendas of the various countries especially least developed countries.<br /><br /><br />Key words: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Social challenges, Economy, Poverty alleviation</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2765ce0429a82f6fa1454192dbc45cd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58371154,"asset_id":38321347,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58371154/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38321347"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38321347"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38321347; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38321347]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38321347]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38321347; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38321347']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38321347, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c2765ce0429a82f6fa1454192dbc45cd" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38321347]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38321347,"title":"Innovation as a means for creating employment and incomes in developing countries.pdf","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The contemporary world is facing a lot of social challenges that need to be solved to better the lives of humanity. 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This article therefore endeavors to bring to the fore and to the attention of policy makers and all stakeholders on how innovation can be embraced in the development agendas of the various countries especially least developed countries.\n\n\nKey words: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Social challenges, Economy, Poverty alleviation\n\n\n\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Innovative development of Society:Project management and Intellectual Property-Donetsk State University of Management"},"translated_abstract":"The contemporary world is facing a lot of social challenges that need to be solved to better the lives of humanity. Most of the social challenges stem from natural as well as human factors. Innovation can be said as coming up with new ideas to solve specific problems facing societies or improving on existing ideas and successfully commercializing such ideas. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38320810"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38320810/Traditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural_economic_development_pdf"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Traditional knowledge as means for rural economic development.pdf" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58370524/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38320810/Traditional_knowledge_as_means_for_rural_economic_development_pdf">Traditional knowledge as means for rural economic development.pdf</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>WIPO-WTO Colloquium papers</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of Traditional Knowledge in Afric...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of Traditional Knowledge in Africa and Zambia in particular in terms of it being a means through which to attain rural economic empowerment and development. Rural communities have for a long time in Zambia been associated with high unemployment levels and consequently high poverty levels. In light of the fore-going, this paper attempts to be an indicator to policy makers in Zambia to diversify the economy away from copper, which is the traditional export for the country, into other ventures such as the harnessing, the use and commercialization of Traditional Knowledge to empower rural populations. In realizing and recognizing the intrinsic value that Traditional Knowledge particularly Traditional Medicine has, it becomes important that policy makers, through this paper, realize this intrinsic value and invest into this sector of the economy. Finally, the paper will come up with recommendations that can be used in order to successfully harness traditional knowledge to the benefit of the citizenry especially rural communities in Zambia.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Key words: Traditional Medicine, Cultural expressions, commercialization, protection, economic empowerment, rural population, rural incomes.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="90902a6fc588bfc98db580132f775a34" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58370524,"asset_id":38320810,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58370524/download_file?st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjgwMTg3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38320810"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38320810"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38320810; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38320810]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38320810]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38320810; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='38320810']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38320810, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "90902a6fc588bfc98db580132f775a34" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=38320810]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":38320810,"title":"Traditional knowledge as means for rural economic development.pdf","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of Traditional Knowledge in Africa and Zambia in particular in terms of it being a means through which to attain rural economic empowerment and development. 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Finally, the paper will come up with recommendations that can be used in order to successfully harness traditional knowledge to the benefit of the citizenry especially rural communities in Zambia.\n\n\n\n\nKey words: Traditional Medicine, Cultural expressions, commercialization, protection, economic empowerment, rural population, rural incomes. \n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"WIPO-WTO Colloquium papers"},"translated_abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of Traditional Knowledge in Africa and Zambia in particular in terms of it being a means through which to attain rural economic empowerment and development. Rural communities have for a long time in Zambia been associated with high unemployment levels and consequently high poverty levels. In light of the fore-going, this paper attempts to be an indicator to policy makers in Zambia to diversify the economy away from copper, which is the traditional export for the country, into other ventures such as the harnessing, the use and commercialization of Traditional Knowledge to empower rural populations. In realizing and recognizing the intrinsic value that Traditional Knowledge particularly Traditional Medicine has, it becomes important that policy makers, through this paper, realize this intrinsic value and invest into this sector of the economy. 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