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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="gqmWG4oY4TKldiBc9UrqSXSeB5_uIu9BSP1igRwSonQL0Z_XwgsQc3W0OsbF141xinF9Sq04JkROnU39n7ky3Q" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Boosting agricultural research in Zambia through effective plant variety protection.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2019/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="ACKIM LUNGU" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/38498258/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection_pdf" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Boosting agricultural research in Zambia through effective plant variety protection.pdf" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The ever expanding global population p resents both opportunities and cha llenges to the African continent . 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Some of the opportunities that the projected population increase will create is the increased market size for goods , services and products ," /> <title>(PDF) Boosting agricultural research in Zambia through effective plant variety protection.pdf</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/38498258/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection_pdf" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1e60a92a442ff83025cbe4f252857ee7c49c0bbe'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740566071000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740566071000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The ever expanding global population p resents both opportunities and cha llenges to the African continent . Some of the opportunities that the projected population increase will create is the increased market size for goods , services and products , increased labor force and expanding infrastructure . This, to be sustained, require s corresponding output for goods and services . To a greater extent, t here is current ly in Africa, a strong and positive correlation between the size of the G ross D omestic P roduct (GDP) of a country and population magnitude al t h o u g h c e n t e ris p a ri b u s. I n a d d itio n t o t his, A fric a\u0026amp;#39;s population is poised to grow faste r than any other continent and Africa is currently projected to become the most populace continent by 2050 . Further to the foregoing, the greatest opportunity that comes with this projected increase in population is the opportunity in terms of market for a gricultural products. Therefore, o ne of the surest multibillion dollar investment in Africa which every country should position itself to tap into w ill b e a g ric ult u r e. I n vie w o f t his , A fric a n n a ti ons n e e d t o e n s u r e t h a t s u c h o p p o rt u nit y is well t a k e n a d v a n t a g e o f fir s t a n d f o r e m o s t b y A fric a c o u n trie s themselves. If agriculture is to be Africa\u0026amp;#39;s money spinner then it needs to be backed by proper , f u n c tio n al a n d e ff e c tiv e agricultural r e s e a r c h w h o s e in c e n tiv e r e sid e s in the u tilization of effective pla nt variety protection mechanisms to grant breeders reason and recompense t o in v e s t their tim e, r e s o u r c e a n d m o n e y in b r e e din g n e w v a rie tie s o f plants. Therefore this paper focuses on the need to boost agricultural research in plants and crops only and does not extend to other types of farming . Key words: agriculture, population, opportunities, research, protection","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"ACKIM LUNGU","url":"https://consultant.academia.edu/ACKIMLUNGU"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2019-03-06","dateModified":"2019-03-06","datePublished":"2019-01-01","headline":"Boosting agricultural research in Zambia through effective plant variety protection.pdf","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58565089/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Intellectual Property"],"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"consultant"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58565089/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38498258/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection_pdf"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 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Some of the opportunities that the projected population increase will create is the increased market size for goods , services and products , increased labor force and expanding infrastructure . This, to be sustained, require s corresponding output for goods and services . To a greater extent, t here is current ly in Africa, a strong and positive correlation between the size of the G ross D omestic P roduct (GDP) of a country and population magnitude al t h o u g h c e n t e ris p a ri b u s. I n a d d itio n t o t his, A fric a's population is poised to grow faste r than any other continent and Africa is currently projected to become the most populace continent by 2050 . Further to the foregoing, the greatest opportunity that comes with this projected increase in population is the opportunity in terms of market for a gricultural products. Therefore, o ne of the surest multibillion dollar investment in Africa which every country should position itself to tap into w ill b e a g ric ult u r e. I n vie w o f t his , A fric a n n a ti ons n e e d t o e n s u r e t h a t s u c h o p p o rt u nit y is well t a k e n a d v a n t a g e o f fir s t a n d f o r e m o s t b y A fric a c o u n trie s themselves. If agriculture is to be Africa's money spinner then it needs to be backed by proper , f u n c tio n al a n d e ff e c tiv e agricultural r e s e a r c h w h o s e in c e n tiv e r e sid e s in the u tilization of effective pla nt variety protection mechanisms to grant breeders reason and recompense t o in v e s t their tim e, r e s o u r c e a n d m o n e y in b r e e din g n e w v a rie tie s o f plants. Therefore this paper focuses on the need to boost agricultural research in plants and crops only and does not extend to other types of farming . \nKey words: agriculture, population, opportunities, research, protection ","publication_date":"2019,,"},"document_type":"draft","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Boosting agricultural research in Zambia through effective plant variety protection.pdf","broadcastable":true,"draft":true,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [2511025]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":58565089,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Boosting agricultural research in Zambia through effective plant variety protection.pdf”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/58565089/mini_magick20190306-27817-m8eypv.png?1551872017" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Boosting agricultural research in Zambia through effective plant variety protection.pdf</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2511025" href="https://consultant.academia.edu/ACKIMLUNGU"><img alt="Profile image of ACKIM LUNGU" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2511025/18454670/18409100/s65_ackim.lungu.jpg" />ACKIM LUNGU</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 38498258; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The ever expanding global population p resents both opportunities and cha llenges to the African continent . Some of the opportunities that the projected population increase will create is the increased market size for goods , services and products , increased labor force and expanding infrastructure . This, to be sustained, require s corresponding output for goods and services . To a greater extent, t here is current ly in Africa, a strong and positive correlation between the size of the G ross D omestic P roduct (GDP) of a country and population magnitude al t h o u g h c e n t e ris p a ri b u s. I n a d d itio n t o t his, A fric a's population is poised to grow faste r than any other continent and Africa is currently projected to become the most populace continent by 2050 . Further to the foregoing, the greatest opportunity that comes with this projected increase in population is the opportunity in terms of market for a gricultural products. Therefore, o ne of the surest multibillion dollar investment in Africa which every country should position itself to tap into w ill b e a g ric ult u r e. I n vie w o f t his , A fric a n n a ti ons n e e d t o e n s u r e t h a t s u c h o p p o rt u nit y is well t a k e n a d v a n t a g e o f fir s t a n d f o r e m o s t b y A fric a c o u n trie s themselves. If agriculture is to be Africa's money spinner then it needs to be backed by proper , f u n c tio n al a n d e ff e c tiv e agricultural r e s e a r c h w h o s e in c e n tiv e r e sid e s in the u tilization of effective pla nt variety protection mechanisms to grant breeders reason and recompense t o in v e s t their tim e, r e s o u r c e a n d m o n e y in b r e e din g n e w v a rie tie s o f plants. Therefore this paper focuses on the need to boost agricultural research in plants and crops only and does not extend to other types of farming . Key words: agriculture, population, opportunities, research, protection </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":58565089,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38498258/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection_pdf"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":58565089,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38498258/Boosting_agricultural_research_in_Zambia_through_effective_plant_variety_protection_pdf"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="38498258" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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A report from the field</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11182081" href="https://graduateinstitute.academia.edu/DerekEaton">Derek Eaton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Food Policy, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The establishment of intellectual property rights (IPRs) for plant varieties has caused considerable controversy, but there is relatively little empirical evidence on performance and options in developing countries. This paper summarizes the results of a recent five-country study, concentrating on the conduct of plant variety protection (PVP) regimes. It examines PVP in the context of other mechanisms that provide incentives for plant breeding. It discusses the principal options available to developing countries and examines the ability of PVP to offer protection from competing firms and from on-farm seed saving. It also looks at the administrative and management requirements of PVP regimes. Although the paper does not discuss patent protection for biotechnology it examines the IPR requirements for the introduction of transgenic varieties. Developing countries need to establish an appropriate PVP system, but PVP should be seen as part of a broader strategy for seed system development.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Plant variety protection in developing countries. A report from the field","attachmentId":48725768,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6774346/Plant_variety_protection_in_developing_countries_A_report_from_the_field","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6774346/Plant_variety_protection_in_developing_countries_A_report_from_the_field"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="13280360" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13280360/Plant_Variety_Protection_in_Sub_Saharan_Africa_Balancing_Commercial_and_Smallholder_Farmers_Interests">Plant Variety Protection in Sub-Saharan Africa: Balancing Commercial and Smallholder Farmers’ Interests</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4611673" href="https://wur.academia.edu/BramDeJonge">Bram De Jonge</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Politics and Law; Vol. 7, No. 3; 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Sub-Saharan African countries, through their regional organizations, have embarked on the harmonisation of plant variety protection (PVP) systems. These initiatives are largely modelled on the UPOV 1991 act, which claims to incentivize plant breeding and facilitate agricultural development. Civil Society Organisations (CSO), however, strongly criticise this process for being out of step with Sub-Saharan African agricultural realities, undermining smallholder farmers’ agricultural practices and, ultimately, threatening food security. Among their main concerns are the fear that the proposed regimes facilitate biopiracy and lack recognition of farmers’ rights. This article discussed three of the main CSO concerns in tandem with examples of alternative provisions from PVP systems from around the world. While it will be shown that the CSO concerns are not likely to be acted upon, this article aims to answer the pressing question whether a UPOV ’91 based PVP system hampers farming practices in developing countries, and explores several legal avenues to accommodate the needs and traditions of smallholder farmers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Plant Variety Protection in Sub-Saharan Africa: Balancing Commercial and Smallholder Farmers’ Interests","attachmentId":38002833,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13280360/Plant_Variety_Protection_in_Sub_Saharan_Africa_Balancing_Commercial_and_Smallholder_Farmers_Interests","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13280360/Plant_Variety_Protection_in_Sub_Saharan_Africa_Balancing_Commercial_and_Smallholder_Farmers_Interests"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="71492107" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71492107/Plant_Variety_Protection_and_Food_Security_Lessons_for_Developing_Countries">Plant Variety Protection and Food Security: Lessons for Developing Countries</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39191471" href="https://pdrsr.academia.edu/HarbirSingh">Harbir Singh</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">One of the requirements of TRIPS Article 27.3(b) is that plant varieties should be protected either by patents or by an effective sui generis system or some combination thereof. The moot question is how plant variety protection could help ensure food security in developing countries? Research evidences from developed countries indicate differential impacts of plant breeders’ rights across crops. Increasing role of private sector in plant breeding was accompanied by appropriation strategies, and high level of market consolidation in seed industry resulted in higher seed prices. Though, rate of varietal release was increased but new varieties had a shorter life span. In case of developing countries, plant breeders’ rights facilitated access to improved foreign variety, in certain cases, but this contributed little to food security. Therefore, developing countries need to learn from such experiences and structure their PVP legislations in such a way which ensures food security and sust...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Plant Variety Protection and Food Security: Lessons for Developing Countries","attachmentId":80811319,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71492107/Plant_Variety_Protection_and_Food_Security_Lessons_for_Developing_Countries","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71492107/Plant_Variety_Protection_and_Food_Security_Lessons_for_Developing_Countries"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="49590801" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49590801/Food_security_and_plant_biotechnology_applications_in_Africa">Food security and plant biotechnology applications in Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="194041736" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KasemKayzEliasAhmed">Kasem Kayz Elias Ahmed</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Africa is, paradoxically, a continent rich in resources, and yet, lacking and lagging in overall development. African Agriculture in facing great challenges. Accordingly, African countries have developed policies aimed at transforming agriculture to commercial business. Plant biotechnology has far-reaching consequences for agriculture such as tissue culture and other biotechnological tools, which can improve the efficiency of breeding of cultivars and overall agricultural productivity. Use of genetic modification (GM) biotechnology is however very limited and is so far confined to 14 African countries, but only 3 counties have commercialized GM crops. Africa must speedily embrace use of biotechnology to increase productivity. However, the agricultural and food security problems cannot be solved by applying plant biotechnology alone. Other processes as outlined in the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) must be put in place and supported by skilled human capital.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Food security and plant biotechnology applications in Africa","attachmentId":67910245,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49590801/Food_security_and_plant_biotechnology_applications_in_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49590801/Food_security_and_plant_biotechnology_applications_in_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="73029424" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73029424/Crop_improvement_adoption_and_impact_of_improved_varieties_in_food_crops_in_sub_Saharan_Africa">Crop improvement, adoption, and impact of improved varieties in food crops in sub-Saharan Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27637862" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeffreyAlwang">Jeffrey Alwang</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by the CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centersin preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Crop improvement, adoption, and impact of improved varieties in food crops in sub-Saharan Africa","attachmentId":81714310,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73029424/Crop_improvement_adoption_and_impact_of_improved_varieties_in_food_crops_in_sub_Saharan_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73029424/Crop_improvement_adoption_and_impact_of_improved_varieties_in_food_crops_in_sub_Saharan_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="9164623" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9164623/Past_present_and_future_criteria_to_breed_crops_for_water_limited_environments_in_West_Africa">Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20922567" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BenoitClerget">Benoit Clerget</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Agricultural Water Management, 2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Asia's Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s has largely bypassed West Africa, and ''modern'' (high-yielding, input responsive) germplasm for staple crops has found comparatively little adoption, except for systems that are have good access to markets and sufficient water resources. It is unlikely, however, that breeding objectives conserving traditional crop characteristics as found in extensive systems would have been more successful. The authors identify systems caught in the agricultural transition from subsistence to intensified, market-oriented production as the most important target for crop improvement, and provide examples of new breeding objectives for cowpea, sorghum and upland rice. In each of these cases, breeders, with the help of physiologists, have developed innovative plant-type concepts that combine improved yield potential and input responsiveness with specific traditional crop characteristics that remain essential during the agricultural transition. In the case of cowpea, dual-purpose varieties were developed that produce a good grain yield due to an erect plant habit, then produce new leaves enabling a second harvest of green foliage. For upland rice systems that are limited by labour (mainly needed to control weeds that abound due to shortened fallow periods), a weed competitive plant type was developed from Oryza sativa Â Oryza glaberrima crosses. Lastly, sorghum breeders who had previously deselected photoperiod sensitivity are now reinserting sensitivity into plants having ''modern'' architecture, in order to allow for flexible sowing www.elsevier.com/locate/agwat Agricultural Water Management 80 (2006) 241-261</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa","attachmentId":47864956,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9164623/Past_present_and_future_criteria_to_breed_crops_for_water_limited_environments_in_West_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9164623/Past_present_and_future_criteria_to_breed_crops_for_water_limited_environments_in_West_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="58628219" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58628219/Cooperating_to_make_the_best_use_of_plant_genetic_resources_in_West_and_Central_Africa_A_regional_imperative">Cooperating to make the best use of plant genetic resources in West and Central Africa: A regional imperative</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8361447" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JosephBaiduForson">Joseph Baidu-Forson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Bioversity International is a research-for-development organization that provides scientific evidence of the role that on-farm and wild agricultural and forest biodiversity can play in a more nutritious, resilient, productive and adaptable food and agricultural system. Bioversity International is working towards a world in which smallholder farming communities in developing countries of Africa, Asia and the Americas are thriving and sustainable. Bioversity International focuses on rain-fed farming systems, primarily managed by smallholder farmers, in areas where large-scale agriculture is not a viable option. Its research influences policy decisions and investment in agricultural research, from the local level to the global level. Founded in 1974, the organization includes over 300 scientists and staff based in more than 15 countries with experts in the fields of plant science, agronomy, agroecology, nutrition, economics, forestry, geography, anthropology and many more related fields. www.bioversityinternational.org Bioversity International is a member of the CGIAR Consortium. CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. CGIAR research is dedicated to reducing rural poverty, increasing food security, improving human health and nutrition, and ensuring more sustainable management of natural resources. It is carried out by the 15 centers who are members of the CGIAR Consortium in close collaboration with hundreds of partner organizations, including national and regional research institutes, civil society organizations, academia, and the private sector. www.cgiar.org West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF/WECARD) is one of the four sub-regional organizations that constitute the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA). The mission of CORAF/WECARD is sustainable improvements to the competitiveness, productivity and markets of the agricultural system in West and Central Africa by meeting the key demands of the sub-regional research system as expressed by target groups. CORAF/WECARD is currently composed of 22 National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) of the following countries in West and Central Africa (WCA):</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cooperating to make the best use of plant genetic resources in West and Central Africa: A regional imperative","attachmentId":72946927,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58628219/Cooperating_to_make_the_best_use_of_plant_genetic_resources_in_West_and_Central_Africa_A_regional_imperative","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58628219/Cooperating_to_make_the_best_use_of_plant_genetic_resources_in_West_and_Central_Africa_A_regional_imperative"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="16423981" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16423981/All_Africa_Horticulture_Congress_Final_Program">All Africa Horticulture Congress Final Program</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35582198" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephenMbithimwikya">Stephen Mbithi-mwikya</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"All Africa Horticulture Congress Final Program","attachmentId":42490733,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16423981/All_Africa_Horticulture_Congress_Final_Program","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16423981/All_Africa_Horticulture_Congress_Final_Program"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="108889679" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/108889679/The_Role_and_Contribution_of_Plant_Breeding_and_Plant_Biotechnology_to_Sustainable_Agriculture_in_Africa">The Role and Contribution of Plant Breeding and Plant Biotechnology to Sustainable Agriculture in Africa</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9244128" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EmmanuelOkogbenin">Emmanuel Okogbenin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Afrika Focus, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Africa’s economy is driven by agriculture, a sector that constitutes 32% of the continent’s GDP. The ongoing Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA) in Africa hinges on a system change (from subsistence farming to agribusiness) approach that explores high productivity to strengthen the African economy. During the “Green Revolution” period, increased global yields of cereal crops were achieved through the interactions of breeding and agronomy. However, in the face of current challenges, such as climate change and need for new market niches, there is an increasing exigency to explore modern plant breeding (including biotechnology) to develop new varieties with the capacity for high yields in reduced chemical-input systems and with the genetic diversity needed to maintain yield stability in Africa ́s fluctuating climatic conditions. Biotechnology has significantly shortened the time required for the development of new cultivars, varieties and hybrids. Modern breeding tools include Dou...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Role and Contribution of Plant Breeding and Plant Biotechnology to Sustainable Agriculture in Africa","attachmentId":107161522,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/108889679/The_Role_and_Contribution_of_Plant_Breeding_and_Plant_Biotechnology_to_Sustainable_Agriculture_in_Africa","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/108889679/The_Role_and_Contribution_of_Plant_Breeding_and_Plant_Biotechnology_to_Sustainable_Agriculture_in_Africa"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58565089,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58565089,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_58565089" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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