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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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noprint searchaux" style="display:none">International citizen science project</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Community_Collaborative_Rain,_Hail_and_Snow_Network_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Community_Collaborative_Rain%2C_Hail_and_Snow_Network_logo.svg/200px-Community_Collaborative_Rain%2C_Hail_and_Snow_Network_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Community_Collaborative_Rain%2C_Hail_and_Snow_Network_logo.svg/300px-Community_Collaborative_Rain%2C_Hail_and_Snow_Network_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Community_Collaborative_Rain%2C_Hail_and_Snow_Network_logo.svg/400px-Community_Collaborative_Rain%2C_Hail_and_Snow_Network_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1291" data-file-height="1291" /></a><figcaption>The CoCoRaHS logo</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network</b>, or <b>CoCoRaHS</b>, is a network of volunteer weather observers in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a> that take daily readings of <a href="/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitation (meteorology)">precipitation</a> and report them to a central data store over the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. The program is an example of <a href="/wiki/Citizen_science" title="Citizen science">citizen science</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_Collaborative_Rain,_Hail_and_Snow_Network&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1997, the network was started in <a href="/wiki/Larimer_County,_Colorado" title="Larimer County, Colorado">Larimer County, Colorado</a>, after a <a href="/wiki/1997_Spring_Creek_flood" title="1997 Spring Creek flood">flash flood</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spring_Creek_(Fort_Collins,_Colorado)" title="Spring Creek (Fort Collins, Colorado)">Spring Creek</a> killed five people<sup id="cite_ref-Browning2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Browning2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and damaged structures in the city of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Collins,_Colorado" title="Fort Collins, Colorado">Fort Collins, Colorado</a>, including hundreds of millions of US dollars in damage to the Colorado State University campus.<sup id="cite_ref-FC1997_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FC1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> The severity of the flood and its widespread spatial variability surprised <a href="/wiki/Meteorologist" title="Meteorologist">meteorologists</a>, and Nolan Doesken, a former assistant state <a href="/wiki/Climatologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Climatologist">climatologist</a> for the state of Colorado, asked for precipitation measurements from private citizens in the area. About 300 responded to his emergency request for data. Said Doesken later: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The results of the data showed that more than 14 in. (36 cm) of rain fell over southwest Fort Collins, the area where the flood waters originated, while less than 2 in. (5 cm) of rain fell only 3–4 mi (5–6 km) east. The enthusiastic interest shown by volunteers and the great value of the data verified the need for such a service, and CoCoRaHS was born."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expansion_to_other_U.S._States/territories_and_other_countries"><span id="Expansion_to_other_U.S._States.2Fterritories_and_other_countries"></span>Expansion to other U.S. States/territories and other countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_Collaborative_Rain,_Hail_and_Snow_Network&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Expansion to other U.S. States/territories and other countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The program was originally confined to Colorado (the first "Co" in "CoCoRaHS" stood for "Colorado" instead of "Community"), but began expanding to other states, first expanding to <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> in 2003, with the last expansion into <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> in March 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Order of U.S. States Joining the CoCoRaHS Network<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Order of addition to network </th> <th>State/District (in descending order from first included to last included) </th> <th>Time of which CoCoRaHS expanded to specified state/district </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> </td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> </td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> </td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> </td> <td>March 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td>April 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> </td> <td>October 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td>October 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a> </td> <td>October 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td>October 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> </td> <td>December 2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> </td> <td>March 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td>June 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> </td> <td>December 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> </td> <td>December 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> </td> <td>December 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> </td> <td>March 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </td> <td>March 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td>April 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> </td> <td>June 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> </td> <td>August 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td>September 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td>September 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> </td> <td>October 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> </td> <td>November 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> </td> <td>November 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> </td> <td>Late 2007, Early 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </td> <td>January 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td>February 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td> <td>March 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> </td> <td>April 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>May 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> </td> <td>June 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> </td> <td>July 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>34 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> </td> <td>July 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td>August 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td>October 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>37 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a> </td> <td>November 2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td>38 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> </td> <td>January 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>39 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td>February 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>40 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td>March 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>41 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> </td> <td>April 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>42 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td>April 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>43 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> </td> <td>May 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>44 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> </td> <td>June 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>45 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td>July 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>46 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td>July 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>47 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> </td> <td>August 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>48 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> </td> <td>September 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>49 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> </td> <td>September 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td>December 2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>51 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> </td> <td>March 2013 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Order of countries and territories joining the CoCoRaHS Network<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Order of addition to network </th> <th>Country/Territory (in descending order from first included to last included) </th> <th>Time of which CoCoRaHS expanded to specified country/territory </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td>December 2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> </td> <td>June 2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a> </td> <td>February 2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a> </td> <td>June 2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> </td> <td>October 2022 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Users">Users</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_Collaborative_Rain,_Hail_and_Snow_Network&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Users"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2013-06-24_17_39_11_A_4-inch_plastic_rain_gauge_typical_of_those_used_by_the_CoCoRaHS_program.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2013-06-24_17_39_11_A_4-inch_plastic_rain_gauge_typical_of_those_used_by_the_CoCoRaHS_program.jpg/220px-2013-06-24_17_39_11_A_4-inch_plastic_rain_gauge_typical_of_those_used_by_the_CoCoRaHS_program.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2013-06-24_17_39_11_A_4-inch_plastic_rain_gauge_typical_of_those_used_by_the_CoCoRaHS_program.jpg/330px-2013-06-24_17_39_11_A_4-inch_plastic_rain_gauge_typical_of_those_used_by_the_CoCoRaHS_program.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2013-06-24_17_39_11_A_4-inch_plastic_rain_gauge_typical_of_those_used_by_the_CoCoRaHS_program.jpg/440px-2013-06-24_17_39_11_A_4-inch_plastic_rain_gauge_typical_of_those_used_by_the_CoCoRaHS_program.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A 4-inch (10 cm) plastic rain gauge, typical of those used by the CoCoRaHS program. Measurements may be taken and reported either in inches or in millimeters.</figcaption></figure></div></div> <p>CoCoRaHS is used by a wide variety of organizations and individuals. The <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> (NWS), other meteorologists, <a href="/wiki/Hydrologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrologist">hydrologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emergency_management" title="Emergency management">emergency managers</a>, city utilities (water supply, water conservation, storm water), transportation departments, insurance adjusters, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">USDA</a>, engineers, mosquito control, ranchers and farmers, outdoor and recreation interests, teachers, students, and neighbors in the community are examples of people who use CoCoRaHS data.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_programs">Other programs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_Collaborative_Rain,_Hail_and_Snow_Network&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In or around 2000, the <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service_Lincoln,_Illinois" title="National Weather Service Lincoln, Illinois">National Weather Service Lincoln, Illinois</a> independently began a similar program, the <a href="/wiki/Significant_Weather_Observing_Program" title="Significant Weather Observing Program">Significant Weather Observing Program</a> (SWOP). CoCoRaHS data supplements the more rigorous data from the national program with increased spatial and temporal resolution. Real-time data is also provided by the <a href="/wiki/Citizen_Weather_Observer_Program" title="Citizen Weather Observer Program">Citizen Weather Observer Program</a> (CWOP), whose users operate <a href="/wiki/Weather_station" title="Weather station">weather stations</a> that automatically report over the Internet, and which supplements the more rigorous data reported by formal <a href="/wiki/Surface_weather_observation" title="Surface weather observation">surface weather observation</a> stations. The earliest and thus critically important for its long-term historical record from respective locations is the <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Observer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperative Observer">Cooperative Observer</a> program of manually recorded daily summaries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sponsors">Sponsors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_Collaborative_Rain,_Hail_and_Snow_Network&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sponsors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> (NOAA) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> (NSF) are major sponsors of CoCoRaHS and the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a> (BLM) is also a partner.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other organizations have contributed either financially or with supplies and equipment. Many other organizations and individuals have also pitched in time and resources to help keep the network up and running.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_Collaborative_Rain,_Hail_and_Snow_Network&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2015, all fifty <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a>, the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico participate in CoCoRaHS.<sup id="cite_ref-CoCoRaHS-2015-03_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoCoRaHS-2015-03-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_Collaborative_Rain,_Hail_and_Snow_Network&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2011, the CoCoRaHS Canada network began in Manitoba following a massive flood in that province.<sup id="cite_ref-CoCoRaHS-Canada-2014-07_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoCoRaHS-Canada-2014-07-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2014, the network had expanded to the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan,<sup id="cite_ref-CoCoRaHS-Canada-2014-07_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoCoRaHS-Canada-2014-07-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with over 20,000 participants as of March 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_Collaborative_Rain,_Hail_and_Snow_Network&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skywarn" title="Skywarn">Skywarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safecast_(organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Safecast (organization)">Safecast (organization)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_Collaborative_Rain,_Hail_and_Snow_Network&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Browning2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Browning2006_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrowning2006" class="citation news cs1">Browning, Tom (2006-07-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.denverpost.com/headlines/ci_4104577">"Lessons from a killer flood"</a>. <i>The Denver Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Denver+Post&rft.atitle=Lessons+from+a+killer+flood&rft.date=2006-07-30&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2Fheadlines%2Fci_4104577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunity+Collaborative+Rain%2C+Hail+and+Snow+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FC1997-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FC1997_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222903/http://www.ci.fort-collins.co.us/oem/historical-flooding.php">"Flooding Timeline in Fort Collins"</a>. Office of Emergency Management. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Crowdsourcing+and+Citizen+Science+Catalog&rft.atitle=The+Community+Collaborative+Rain%2C+Hail%2C+and+Snow+Network+%28CoCoRaHS%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccsinventory.wilsoncenter.org%2F%23projectId%2F81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunity+Collaborative+Rain%2C+Hail+and+Snow+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CoCoRaHS-2015-03-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CoCoRaHS-2015-03_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150310095655/http://www.cocorahs.org/">"Welcome to CoCoRaHS!"</a>. CoCoRaHS. 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CoCoRaHS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cocorahs.org/Content.aspx?page=about-cocorahs-canada">the original</a> on 2014-07-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+CoCoRaHS+Canada&rft.pub=CoCoRaHS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cocorahs.org%2FContent.aspx%3Fpage%3Dabout-cocorahs-canada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACommunity+Collaborative+Rain%2C+Hail+and+Snow+Network" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_Collaborative_Rain,_Hail_and_Snow_Network&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" title="creativecommons:by/3.0/"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/80px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/120px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/160px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="15" /></a></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cocorahs.org/Content.aspx?page=aboutus">text</a> available under the <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by/3.0/">CC BY 3.0</a> license.</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_Collaborative_Rain,_Hail_and_Snow_Network&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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