CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>National god - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c3c744e3-03d8-4305-8f9d-10273885fbad","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"National_god","wgTitle":"National god","wgCurRevisionId":1256080764,"wgRevisionId":1256080764,"wgArticleId":25793095,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from October 2015","All articles needing additional references","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020","Articles needing additional references from September 2021","National gods", "Ethnic religions","Polytheism"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"National_god","wgRelevantArticleId":25793095,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"National_deity","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/National_god","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6979592","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="National god - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_god"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_god"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-National_god rootpage-National_god skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=National+god" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=National+god" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=National+god" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=National+god" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ancient_gods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_gods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ancient gods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_gods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern period</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern period subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Philippine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Philippine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Christianity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germanic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germanic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Germanic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germanic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hindu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hindu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Hindu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hindu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">National god</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A" title="إله قومي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إله قومي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="জাতীয় দেবতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাতীয় দেবতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9u_nacional" title="Déu nacional – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Déu nacional" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C" title="خدای ملی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خدای ملی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1%EC%8B%A0" title="민족신 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="민족신" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuhan_nasional" title="Tuhan nasional – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tuhan nasional" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deus_nacional" title="Deus nacional – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Deus nacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulusal_tanr%C4%B1" title="Ulusal tanrı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ulusal tanrı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6979592#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/National_god" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:National_god" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/National_god"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/National_god"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/National_god" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/National_god" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&oldid=1256080764" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=National_god&id=1256080764&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNational_god"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNational_god"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=National_god&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6979592" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_deity&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="National deity">National deity</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Guardian deity of an ethnic group or political unit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/National_god" title="Special:EditPage/National god">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22National+god%22">"National god"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22National+god%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22National+god%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22National+god%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22National+god%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22National+god%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Nationalism" title="Category:Nationalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a> forming</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Nationalism in the Middle Ages">Nationalism in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">Colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem" title="National emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_Nation" title="Father of the Nation">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_epic" title="National epic">Epic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbol" title="National symbol">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_treasure" title="National treasure">Treasure</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Core values</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegiance" title="Allegiance">Allegiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_nationalism" title="Types of nationalism">Types</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_nationalism" title="Blind nationalism">Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nationalism" title="Bourgeois nationalism">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_nationalism" title="Business nationalism">Business</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_chauvinism" title="Welfare chauvinism">Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">Civic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_patriotism" title="Constitutional patriotism">Constitutional patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate nationalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber-nationalism">Cyber-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-nationalism" title="Eco-nationalism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopluralism" title="Ethnopluralism">Ethnopluralism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionist_nationalism" title="Expansionist nationalism">Expansionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonationalism" title="Homonationalism">Homosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenism" title="Indigenism">Indigenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">populism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_nationalism" title="Musical nationalism">Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_mysticism" title="National mysticism">Mystic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Shōwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_ethnic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean ethnic nationalism">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerico-nationalism" title="Clerico-nationalism">Clerical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim nationalism">Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalistan_movement" title="Khalistan movement">Sikh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_nationalism" title="Resource nationalism">Resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legionarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legionarism">Legionarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rexism">Rexism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocacerism" title="Ethnocacerism">Ethnocacerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-nationalism" title="Techno-nationalism">Technological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_nationalism" title="Territorial nationalism">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnationalism" title="Transnationalism">Trans-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra-</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism_(Japan)" title="Ultranationalism (Japan)">Japan</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_nationalist_organizations" title="List of nationalist organizations">List of nationalist organizations</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nationalism">Anti-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banal_nationalism" title="Banal nationalism">Banal nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_religion" title="Civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">Cosmopolitanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">Cultural nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_politics" title="Diaspora politics">Diaspora politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocentrism" title="Ethnocentrism">Ethnocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociological_Francoism" title="Sociological Francoism">Francoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastronationalism" title="Gastronationalism">Gastronationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_and_gender" title="Nationalism and gender">Gender and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">Globalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_historiography" title="Nationalist historiography">Historiography and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagined_community" title="Imagined community">Imagined community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingoism" title="Jingoism">Jingoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_indifference" title="National indifference">National indifference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_studies" title="Nationalism studies">Nationalism studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinationalism" title="Plurinationalism">Plurinationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postnationalism" title="Postnationalism">Post-</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principle_of_nationalities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principle of nationalities (page does not exist)">Principle of nationalities</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principe_des_nationalit%C3%A9s" class="extiw" title="fr:Principe des nationalités">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">Seasonal or cultural festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(Catholicism)" title="Subsidiarity (Catholicism)">in Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nationalism_sidebar" title="Template:Nationalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nationalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Nationalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nationalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nationalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>national god</b> or <b>tribal god</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deity" title="Tutelary deity">guardian deity</a> whose special concern is supposed to be the safety and well-being of an '<a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic group</a>' (<i><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a></i>). This is contrasted with other guardian figures such as family gods responsible for the well-being of individual clans or professions, or personal gods who are responsible for the well-being of individuals. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancient_gods">Ancient gods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancient gods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In antiquity (and to some extent continuing today), religion was a characteristic of regional culture, together with language, customs, traditions, etc. Many of these ethnic religions included national god(s) in their pantheons, such as </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a> of the Japanese;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a>, Amun-Ra<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> for the Egyptians;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> for the people of <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramazd" title="Aramazd">Aramazd</a> for Armenians</li> <li>eponymous <a href="/wiki/Ashur_(god)" title="Ashur (god)">Assur</a> for the Assyrians;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astarte" title="Astarte">Ashtoret</a> for the Sidonians;</li> <li>the eponymous <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena-Mykene</a> for the Athenians and Mycenaeans;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenicians">Phoenicians</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-PaganYahwism_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PaganYahwism-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathala" title="Bathala">Bathala</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalogs</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemosh" title="Chemosh">Chemosh</a> for the Moabites;<sup id="cite_ref-PaganYahwism_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PaganYahwism-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagon" title="Dagon">Dagon</a> for <a href="/wiki/Philistia" title="Philistia">Philistia</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-PaganYahwism_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PaganYahwism-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaut" title="Gaut">Gaut</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Geats" title="Geats">Geats</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Dorians</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huitzilopochtli" class="mw-redirect" title="Huitzilopochtli">Huitzilopochtli</a> of the Tenochtitlan Aztecs;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a> Indians;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inti" title="Inti">Inti</a> for the Incas;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzamna" title="Itzamna">Itzamna</a> for the Mayas;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_Emperor" title="Jade Emperor">Jade Emperor</a> for the Chinese;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataragama_deviyo" title="Kataragama deviyo">Kataragama deviyo</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%94ng_Tr%E1%BB%9Di" title="Ông Trời">Ông Trời</a> for the Vietnamese;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugh" title="Lugh">Lugh</a> (Gaulish Mercury, Lugus, Lleu) for the ancient <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a> for the Babylonians;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mars</a> and eponymous <a href="/wiki/Romulus" title="Romulus">Romulus</a>-<a href="/wiki/Quirinus" title="Quirinus">Quirinus</a> for the Romans;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazu" title="Mazu">Mazu</a> for <a href="/wiki/Han_Taiwanese" title="Han Taiwanese">Han Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milcom" title="Milcom">Milcom</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammonites</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-PaganYahwism_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PaganYahwism-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oduduwa" title="Oduduwa">Oduduwa</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perun" title="Perun">Perun</a> for the ancient <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaxn%C4%93at" title="Seaxnēat">Seaxnēat</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangi_and_Papa" title="Rangi and Papa">Rangi and Papa</a> for the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori people</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qos_(deity)" title="Qos (deity)">Qos</a> for the Edomites;<sup id="cite_ref-PaganYahwism_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PaganYahwism-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phra_Siam_Devadhiraj" class="mw-redirect" title="Phra Siam Devadhiraj">Siam Devadhiraj</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thais</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murugan" class="mw-redirect" title="Murugan">Murugan</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamils</a>;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty_goddess" title="Sovereignty goddess">Sovereignty goddess</a> and eponymous <a href="/wiki/%C3%89riu" title="Ériu">Ériu</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengri" title="Tengri">Tengri</a> for the Turks and Mongols;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teshub" title="Teshub">Teshub</a> for the Hittites;<sup id="cite_ref-A_Dictionary_of_Ancient_Near_Eastern_Mythology_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Dictionary_of_Ancient_Near_Eastern_Mythology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukko" title="Ukko">Ukko</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finns</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Awsan" title="Kingdom of Awsan">Kingdom of Awsan</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-PaganYahwism_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PaganYahwism-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxis" title="Zalmoxis">Zalmoxis</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacians</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_antiquity">In antiquity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In antiquity, each ethnic group (<i><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nation</a></i>) had its own pantheon, which may or may not have <a href="/wiki/Religious_syncretism" title="Religious syncretism">overlapped</a> with that of neighbouring groups. Many of these religions had guardian figures, which then sometimes included national gods, who were considered responsible for the safety and well-being of the nation and of its people, with a special concern for the nation's ruler and guardian. These national gods stood alongside the personal gods (that is, the patron gods who took a special interest in an individual's personal well-being). Additionally, there were the family gods associated with the care of a clan or profession, as well as gods associated with specific situations or the protection thereof (fertility, health, war, contracts and so on). </p><p>This perception of divinity was common in the ancient world. Deities were often geographically localized by association to their main cult centers, and in the Ancient Near East were often <a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deity" title="Tutelary deity">tutelary deities</a> of their respective <a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Ancient_Near_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities of the Ancient Near East">city-states</a>. Many of the individual ethnic groups also considered itself the progeny of its national gods. For example, in the region that is now Yemen, the <a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">Sabaeans</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Minaeans" title="Minaeans">Minaeans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Himyar" title="Himyar">Himyar</a> each perceived themselves to be the children of respectively <a href="/wiki/Almaqah" title="Almaqah">Almaqah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shamash" title="Shamash">Shamash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, in <a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milcom" title="Milcom">Milcom</a> held that role for the <a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammonites</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Chemosh" title="Chemosh">Chemosh</a> did so for the <a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>'s role as god of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a> is a key reason for that figure's adoption as the <a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">monist</a> figure by the <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomic_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomic reform">Yahweh-only movement</a> of the 7th-century BC.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Yahweh's subsequent exaltation as a supreme figure occurred not because national gods were necessarily heads of their pantheons (this was certainly not the case for the national gods of the peoples surrounding Israel),<sup id="cite_ref-DDD_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDD-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but as a reaction to the changing political landscape, in which other national gods had previously become exalted in that fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2008_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because peoples were perceived to effectively worship the same gods, merely by different names (Smith (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2008_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> terms this "translatability"), Yahweh's function as a national god had previously automatically equated him with other national gods. Thus, with the rise of the multi-cultural <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Assyrian Empire</a> in the 10th century BC, the concomitant rise of the Assyrian's nation god Assur to inter-cultural prominence influenced how national gods were generally perceived. Moreover, the political unification of the fractured nation-states under a single supreme head of state encouraged the idea of a multi-national "one-god" worldview as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2008_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 7th-century BC however, Assyria was in decline and the smaller nation-states began to reassert their independence. In this context, the development of a "one-god" worldview in 7th century BC <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a> can be perceived as a response to the diminishing claims to cultural hegemony of the Assyrian "one-god" ideology of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2008_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The process is evident in some parts of the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a> which predate the 6th century BC and thus preserve vestiges of the theology centered on a national god during the 10th-century BC <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">monarchic period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_2003_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith_2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The OT [=<a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>] is still conscious of the fact that Yhwh, the national god of Israel, originally was one of the gods in the council of El." (<i>Deut</i> 32:8-9*)<sup id="cite_ref-DDD_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DDD-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_period">Modern period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippine">Philippine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Philippine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In search of a national culture and identity away from the Catholic religion imposed by Spain during its colonisation of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, those who instigated the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Revolution" title="Philippine Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a> proposed to revive <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Philippine_folk_religions" title="Indigenous Philippine folk religions">indigenous Philippine folk religions</a> and make them the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">national religion</a> of the entire country. The <a href="/wiki/Katipunan" title="Katipunan">Katipunan</a> opposed the religious teachings of the Spanish friars, saying that they "obscured rather than explained religious truths." After the revival of the Katipunan during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>, an idealized form of the folk religions was proposed by some, with the worship of God under the ancient name <i><a href="/wiki/Bathala" title="Bathala">Bathala</a></i>, which applies to all supreme deities under the many ethnic pantheons across the country. However, the re-vitalization process of the indigenous faiths of the Philippines did not progress further as the Filipino forces were defeated by the Americans in 1902, which led to the second Christian colonization of the archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Christianity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Christian_missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian missionaries">Christian missionaries</a> have repeatedly re-interpreted national gods in terms of the Christian God. This fact is reflected in the <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">names of God</a> in various languages of Christianized peoples, such as <a href="/wiki/Shangdi" title="Shangdi">Shangdi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)" title="Shen (Chinese religion)">Shen</a> among Chinese Christians, <a href="/wiki/Ngai" title="Ngai">Ngai</a> among a number of tribes of <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, etc. </p><p>In a modern context, the term of a "national god" addresses the emergence of <a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">national churches</a> within Christianity. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This tendency of "nationalizing" the Christian God, especially in the context of national churches sanctioning warfare against other Christian nations during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, was denounced as heretical by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germanic">Germanic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Germanic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a> in his essay <i>Wotan</i> (1936) identifies the Germanic god of the storm (leader of the <a href="/wiki/Wild_Hunt" title="Wild Hunt">Wild Hunt</a>), <a href="/wiki/W%C5%8Dden" class="mw-redirect" title="Wōden">Wotan</a>, as the national god of the <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German people</a>, and warns of the rise of <a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">German nationalism</a> and ultimately the then-impending catastrophe of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in terms of the re-awakening of this god: </p> <dl><dd>"But what is more than curious — indeed, piquant to a degree — is that an ancient god of storm and frenzy, the long quiescent Wotan, should awake, like an extinct volcano, to new activity, in a civilized country that had long been supposed to have outgrown the Middle Ages. [...] I venture the heretical suggestion that the unfathomable depths of Wotan's character explain more of National Socialism than all three reasonable factors [viz. economic, political, and psychological] put together. [...] This is a tragic experience and no disgrace. It has always been terrible to fall into the hands of a living god. <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a> was no exception to this rule, and the Philistines, Edomites, Amorites and the rest, who were outside the Yahweh experience, must certainly have found it <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Canaanites">exceedingly disagreeable</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Semitic</a> experience of <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allah</a> was for a long time an extremely <a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">painful affair</a> for the whole of Christendom. We who stand outside judge the Germans far too much, as if they were responsible agents, but perhaps it would be nearer the truth to regard them, also, as victims."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hindu">Hindu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hindu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/National_god" title="Special:EditPage/National god">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>One of the primary ancient <a href="/wiki/Vedic_deity" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic deity">Vedic deities</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a>. He is the king of <i><a href="/wiki/Svarga" title="Svarga">Svarga</a></i> (Heaven) and the <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> (gods). He is associated with lightning, thunder, storms, rains, river flows and war. Indra's mythology and powers are similar to other Indo-European deities such as Jupiter, Perun, Perkūnas, Zalmoxis, Taranis, Zeus, and Thor, suggesting a common origin in <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_mythology" title="Proto-Indo-European mythology">Proto-Indo-European mythology</a>. Starting in the late late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Mata" title="Bharat Mata">Bharat Mata</a>, a divine personification of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/Names_for_India" title="Names for India">Bharat</a>), came into existence after the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a> against the British and is seen as the goddess of India and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indian people</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jains" class="mw-redirect" title="Jains">Jains</a>, and some <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_references_to_God" title="Constitutional references to God">Constitutional references to God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic religion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God_and_the_State" title="God and the State">God and the State</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_cult" title="Imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">National personification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_exclusivism" title="Religious exclusivism">Religious exclusivism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_god&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNakamura2013" class="citation journal cs1">Nakamura, Konoyu (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ppi.1307">"Goddess Politics: Analytical Psychology and Japanese Myth"</a>. <i>Psychotherapy and Politics International</i>. <b>11</b> (3): 234–250. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fppi.1307">10.1002/ppi.1307</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1556-9195">1556-9195</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychotherapy+and+Politics+International&rft.atitle=Goddess+Politics%3A+Analytical+Psychology+and+Japanese+Myth&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=234-250&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fppi.1307&rft.issn=1556-9195&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=Konoyu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1002%2Fppi.1307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaFontaine2002" class="citation book cs1">LaFontaine, Bruce (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9ujTBokb5ssC&dq=national+god&pg=PP8"><i>Gods of ancient Egypt</i></a>. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-42088-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-42088-4"><bdi>0-486-42088-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54772442">54772442</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods+of+ancient+Egypt&rft.place=Mineola%2C+NY&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54772442&rft.isbn=0-486-42088-4&rft.aulast=LaFontaine&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9ujTBokb5ssC%26dq%3Dnational%2Bgod%26pg%3DPP8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNguyen2015" class="citation book cs1">Nguyen, Trung (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x6CgCgAAQBAJ&q=%22national+god%22"><i>Is There a God?</i></a>. EnCognitive.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-927091-16-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-927091-16-6"><bdi>978-1-927091-16-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Is+There+a+God%3F&rft.pub=EnCognitive.com&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-927091-16-6&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Trung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx6CgCgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522national%2Bgod%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLurker2015" class="citation book cs1">Lurker, Manfred (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P7e5CAAAQBAJ&q=%22national+god%22"><i>A Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, Devils and Demons</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-10628-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-10628-6"><bdi>978-1-136-10628-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Gods+and+Goddesses%2C+Devils+and+Demons&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-136-10628-6&rft.aulast=Lurker&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP7e5CAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522national%2Bgod%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PaganYahwism-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PaganYahwism_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PaganYahwism_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PaganYahwism_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PaganYahwism_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PaganYahwism_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PaganYahwism_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern2001" class="citation journal cs1">Stern, Ephraim (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/214913086">"Pagan Yahwism: The folk religion of ancient Israel"</a>. <i>Biblical Archaeology Review</i>. <b>27</b> (3rd ed.). Washington: 20–29. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0098-9444">0098-9444</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/214913086">214913086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Review&rft.atitle=Pagan+Yahwism%3A+The+folk+religion+of+ancient+Israel&rft.volume=27&rft.pages=20-29&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=0098-9444&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Ephraim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F214913086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmelik2013" class="citation cs2">Smelik, Klaas A. D. (2013-01-24), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah24051">"Chemosh"</a>, <i>The Encyclopedia of Ancient History</i>, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781444338386.wbeah24051">10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah24051</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3838-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3838-6"><bdi>978-1-4443-3838-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-09</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chemosh&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+History&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2013-01-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781444338386.wbeah24051&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-3838-6&rft.aulast=Smelik&rft.aufirst=Klaas+A.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1002%2F9781444338386.wbeah24051&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharyya1970" class="citation journal cs1">Bhattacharyya, Tarapada (1970). "The Avesta, Rgveda and Brahmā Cult". <i>Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute</i>. <b>51</b> (1/4): 31–50. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0378-1143">0378-1143</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41688672">41688672</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Bhandarkar+Oriental+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=The+Avesta%2C+Rgveda+and+Brahm%C4%81+Cult&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1%2F4&rft.pages=31-50&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41688672%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0378-1143&rft.aulast=Bhattacharyya&rft.aufirst=Tarapada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNardoCurrie2014" class="citation book cs1">Nardo, Don; Currie, Stephen (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kolmDwAAQBAJ&dq=aztec+mythology&pg=PP1"><i>Aztec Mythology</i></a>. Greenhaven Publishing LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4205-0922-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4205-0922-9"><bdi>978-1-4205-0922-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aztec+Mythology&rft.pub=Greenhaven+Publishing+LLC&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4205-0922-9&rft.aulast=Nardo&rft.aufirst=Don&rft.au=Currie%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkolmDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Daztec%2Bmythology%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDandekar1950" class="citation journal cs1">Dandekar, R. N. (1950). "Vrtrahā Indra". <i>Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute</i>. <b>31</b> (1/4): 1–55. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0378-1143">0378-1143</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44028390">44028390</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Bhandarkar+Oriental+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=Vrtrah%C4%81+Indra&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1%2F4&rft.pages=1-55&rft.date=1950&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44028390%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0378-1143&rft.aulast=Dandekar&rft.aufirst=R.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteeleAllen2004" class="citation book cs1">Steele, Paul Richard; Allen, Catherine J. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Wa9RwqdqEkC&dq=inti+inca&pg=PR11"><i>Handbook of Inca Mythology</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-354-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-354-4"><bdi>978-1-57607-354-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Inca+Mythology&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-354-4&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=Paul+Richard&rft.au=Allen%2C+Catherine+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Wa9RwqdqEkC%26dq%3Dinti%2Binca%26pg%3DPR11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusch2020" class="citation book cs1">Abusch, I. Tzvi (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/display/book/9789004435186/BP000019.xml"><i>Marduk</i></a>. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43518-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-43518-6"><bdi>978-90-04-43518-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marduk&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-90-04-43518-6&rft.aulast=Abusch&rft.aufirst=I.+Tzvi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fdisplay%2Fbook%2F9789004435186%2FBP000019.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Dictionary_of_Ancient_Near_Eastern_Mythology-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_Dictionary_of_Ancient_Near_Eastern_Mythology_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeick2002" class="citation book cs1">Leick, Dr Gwendolyn (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_pqEAgAAQBAJ&dq=national+god+of+the+hittites&pg=PA164"><i>A Dictionary of Ancient Near Eastern Mythology</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-64102-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-64102-4"><bdi>978-1-134-64102-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Ancient+Near+Eastern+Mythology&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-134-64102-4&rft.aulast=Leick&rft.aufirst=Dr+Gwendolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_pqEAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dnational%2Bgod%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bhittites%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaavio1967" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Haavio, Martti (1967). <i>Suomalainen mytologia</i> (in Finnish). Porvoo Helsinki: WSOY.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suomalainen+mytologia&rft.place=Porvoo+Helsinki&rft.pub=WSOY&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Haavio&rft.aufirst=Martti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyckmans1989" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ryckmans, Jacques (1989). "Le Panthéon de L'Arabie du sud Préisalmique : Etat des problèmes et brève synthèse". <i>Revue de l'histoire des religions</i> (in French). <b>206</b> (2): 151–169. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Frhr.1989.1830">10.3406/rhr.1989.1830</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-1423">0035-1423</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23670844">23670844</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+de+l%27histoire+des+religions&rft.atitle=Le+Panth%C3%A9on+de+L%27Arabie+du+sud+Pr%C3%A9isalmique+%3A+Etat+des+probl%C3%A8mes+et+br%C3%A8ve+synth%C3%A8se&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=151-169&rft.date=1989&rft.issn=0035-1423&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23670844%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Frhr.1989.1830&rft.aulast=Ryckmans&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoniger1999" class="citation cs2">Doniger, Wendy, ed. (1999), "Arabian religions", <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440"><i>Merriam-Webster Encyclopedia of World Religions</i></a></span>, Merriam-Webster, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-044-0"><bdi>978-0-87779-044-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Arabian+religions&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster+Encyclopedia+of+World+Religions&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-044-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780877790440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DDD-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DDD_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DDD_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_ToornBeckingvan_der_Horst1999" class="citation cs2">van der Toorn, K.; Becking, Bob; van der Horst, Pieter Willem, eds. (1999), "King", <i>Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible</i>, Brill, p. 485, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11119-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11119-6"><bdi>978-90-04-11119-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=King&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+deities+and+demons+in+the+Bible&rft.pages=485&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11119-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith_2008-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2008_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2008_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2008_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2008_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation cs2">Smith, Mark S. (2008), <i>God in Translation: Deities in Cross-cultural Discourse in the Biblical World</i>, Forschungen zum Alten Testament, vol. 57, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, p. 19, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-16-149543-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-16-149543-4"><bdi>978-3-16-149543-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God+in+Translation%3A+Deities+in+Cross-cultural+Discourse+in+the+Biblical+World&rft.place=T%C3%BCbingen&rft.series=Forschungen+zum+Alten+Testament%2C+vol.+57&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Mohr+Siebeck&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-16-149543-4&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Mark+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith_2003-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith_2003_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2003" class="citation cs2">Smith, Mark S. (2003), <i>The Origins of Biblical Monotheism: Israel's Polytheistic Background and the Ugaritic Texts</i>, Oxford University Press, pp. 155–163, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516768-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516768-9"><bdi>978-0-19-516768-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Biblical+Monotheism%3A+Israel%27s+Polytheistic+Background+and+the+Ugaritic+Texts&rft.pages=155-163&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-516768-9&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Mark+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL._W._V._Kennon1901" class="citation journal cs1">L. W. V. Kennon (August 1901). "The Katipunan of the Philippines". <i>The North American Review</i>. <b>17</b> (537). University of Northern Iowa: 211, 214. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25105201">25105201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+North+American+Review&rft.atitle=The+Katipunan+of+the+Philippines&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=537&rft.pages=211%2C+214&rft.date=1901-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25105201%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=L.+W.+V.+Kennon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+god" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barth, <i>Ethnics</i>, ed. Braun, transl. Bromiley, New York, 1981, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First published in <i>Neue Schweizer Rundschau</i> (Zurich) (March, 1936), 657–69. Republished in <i>Aufsätze zur Zeitgeschichte</i> (Zurich, 1946), 1–23. English translation by Barbara Hannah, <i>Essays on Contemporary Events</i> (London, 1947).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_symbols_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_symbols" title="Template:National symbols"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_symbols" title="Template talk:National symbols"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_symbols" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National symbols"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_symbols_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_symbol" title="National symbol">National symbols</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lists_of_national_symbols" title="Lists of national symbols">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_coat_of_arms" title="National coat of arms">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">Colour</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_dish" title="National dish">Dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem" title="National emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_Nation" title="Father of the Nation">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_emblem" class="mw-redirect" title="Floral emblem">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_patron_saint" class="mw-redirect" title="National patron saint">Patron saint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_personification" title="National personification">Personification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_poetry" title="National poetry">Poetry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_epic" title="National epic">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_poet" title="National poet">Poets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_national_symbols" title="Religion in national symbols">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_animals" title="List of national animals">Animals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_birds" title="List of national birds">birds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_anthems" title="List of national anthems">Anthems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_dances" title="List of national dances">Dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_founders" title="List of national founders">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_fruits" title="List of national fruits">Fruits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_instruments_(music)" title="List of national instruments (music)">Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_drinks" title="List of national drinks">Drinks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_liquors" title="List of national liquors">liquors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_mottos" title="List of national mottos">Mottos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_trees" title="List of national trees">Trees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Galleries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_sovereign_states" title="Armorial of sovereign states">Country coats of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_sovereign_state_flags" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallery of sovereign state flags">State flags</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nationalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nationalism" title="Template:Nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nationalism" title="Template talk:Nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nationalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">Colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_emblem" class="mw-redirect" title="Floral emblem">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_epic" title="National epic">Epic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_nationalism" title="Musical nationalism">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbol" title="National symbol">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_treasure" title="National treasure">Treasure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_nationalism" title="Blind nationalism">Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nationalism" title="Bourgeois nationalism">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_nationalism" title="Business nationalism">Business</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_chauvinism" title="Welfare chauvinism">Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">Civic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_patriotism" title="Constitutional patriotism">Constitutional patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate nationalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber-nationalism">Cyber-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-nationalism" title="Eco-nationalism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionist_nationalism" title="Expansionist nationalism">Expansionist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic ultranationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonationalism" title="Homonationalism">Homo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">Communist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_imperialism" title="Linguistic imperialism">Linguistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_mysticism" title="National mysticism">Mystic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_nationalism_(21st_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="New nationalism (21st century)">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_nationalism" title="Queer nationalism">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberism" title="Berberism">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_ethnic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean ethnic nationalism">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerico-nationalism" title="Clerico-nationalism">Clerico-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DezNat" title="DezNat">Mormon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic nationalism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_nationalism" title="Resource nationalism">Resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocacerism" title="Ethnocacerism">Ethnocacerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falangism" title="Falangism">Falangism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements" title="List of fascist movements">List of fascist movements</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Technological nationalism">Technological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_nationalism" title="Territorial nationalism">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_terrorism" title="Nationalist terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnationalism" title="Transnationalism">Trans-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra-</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nationalist_organizations" title="List of nationalist organizations">List of nationalist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Clubs" title="Nationalist Clubs">Nationalist Clubs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Anarchism and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nationalism">Anti-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banal_nationalism" title="Banal nationalism">Banal nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">Cultural nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_politics" title="Diaspora politics">Diaspora politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exceptionalism" title="Exceptionalism">Exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastronationalism" title="Gastronationalism">Gastronationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_and_gender" title="Nationalism and gender">Gender and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_and_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiography and nationalism">Historiography and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingoism" title="Jingoism">Jingoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation-building" title="Nation-building">Nation-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_indifference" title="National indifference">National indifference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_question" title="National question">National question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_revival" title="National revival">National revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">Nation state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_studies" title="Nationalism studies">Nationalism studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_border" title="Natural border">Natural border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinationalism" title="Plurinationalism">Plurinationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principle_of_nationalities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principle of nationalities (page does not exist)">Principle of nationalities</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principe_des_nationalit%C3%A9s" class="extiw" title="fr:Principe des nationalités">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-building" title="State-building">State-building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lists_of_mythological_figures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_mythological_figures_by_region" title="Template:List of mythological figures by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_mythological_figures_by_region" title="Template talk:List of mythological figures by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_mythological_figures_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of mythological figures by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lists_of_mythological_figures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Lists of mythological figures</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities_by_cultural_sphere" title="Lists of deities by cultural sphere">By geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_mythological_figures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African mythological figures">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-Islamic_Arabian_deities" title="List of pre-Islamic Arabian deities">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology#Pantheon" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Aboriginal_mythological_figures" title="List of Australian Aboriginal mythological figures">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aztec_gods_and_supernatural_beings" title="List of Aztec gods and supernatural beings">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Basque_mythological_figures" title="List of Basque mythological figures">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_mythology" title="Batak mythology">Batak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion#Deities" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_myths_and_legends" title="Catalan myths and legends">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_deities" title="Celtic deities">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_deities" title="List of Celtic deities">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Chahta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_gods_and_immortals" title="Chinese gods and immortals">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_deities" title="Ancient Egyptian deities">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Egyptian_mythology_articles" title="Index of Egyptian mythology articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_deities" title="List of Egyptian deities">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elam#List_of_Elamite_gods" title="Elam">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_mythology#Estonian_mythological_and_literary_mythological_beings,_deities_and_legendary_heroes" title="Estonian mythology">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Etruscan_mythological_figures" title="List of Etruscan mythological figures">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology#Heroes,_gods_and_spirits" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Germanic_deities" title="List of Germanic deities">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglo-Saxon_deities" title="List of Anglo-Saxon deities">Anglo-Saxon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_mythological_figures" title="List of Greek mythological figures">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mycenaean_deities" title="List of Mycenaean deities">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#System_of_beliefs" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_mythology" title="Iroquois mythology">Haudenosaunee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_figures_in_the_Hawaiian_religion" title="List of figures in the Hawaiian religion">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebridean_mythology_and_folklore" title="Hebridean mythology and folklore">Hebridean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_deities" title="List of Hindu deities">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Rigvedic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_deities" title="Buddhist deities">Buddhist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_Buddhist_Pantheon" title="Template:Chinese Buddhist Pantheon">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_pantheon" title="Japanese Buddhist pantheon">Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Jainism" title="God in Jainism">Jain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tirthankaras" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tirthankaras">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_deities" class="mw-redirect" title="Meitei deities">Meitei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deities_in_Sanamahism" title="List of deities in Sanamahism">List</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion#List_of_Hittite_deities" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hurrian_deities" title="List of Hurrian deities">Hurrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_deities" title="List of Indonesian deities">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_mythological_figures" title="List of Irish mythological figures">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_deities" title="List of Japanese deities">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassite_deities" title="Kassite deities">Kassite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_mythology" title="Komi mythology">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_mythology" title="Korean mythology">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lakota_deities" title="List of Lakota deities">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanian_gods_and_mythological_figures" title="List of Lithuanian gods and mythological figures">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_deities" title="List of Māori deities">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahiti_and_Society_Islands_mythology" title="Tahiti and Society Islands mythology">Māʻohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maya_gods_and_supernatural_beings" title="List of Maya gods and supernatural beings">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mesopotamian_deities" title="List of Mesopotamian deities">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Muskogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_(deity)" title="Nat (deity)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_deities" title="List of Native American deities">Native American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Zapotec_deities" title="List of Zapotec deities">Zapotec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_mythology" title="Ossetian mythology">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shahnameh_characters" title="List of Shahnameh characters">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philippine_mythological_figures" title="List of Philippine mythological figures">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_deities" title="Purépecha deities">Purépecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_deities" title="List of Roman deities">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_mythology" title="Samoan mythology">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slavic_deities" title="List of Slavic deities">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkic_mythological_figures" title="List of Turkic mythological figures">Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_mythology" title="Tuvaluan mythology">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ugaritic_deities" title="List of Ugaritic deities">Ugaritic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vainakh_religion" title="Vainakh religion">Vainakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yoruba_deities" title="List of Yoruba deities">Yoruba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_deities_by_classification" title="List of deities by classification">By association</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agricultural_deities" title="List of agricultural deities">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_deities" title="List of art deities">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beauty_deities" title="List of beauty deities">Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_gods" title="Chaos gods">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_deities" title="Dawn deities">Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creator_deity" title="Creator deity">Creator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_death_deities" title="List of death deities">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earth_deities" title="List of earth deities">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_and_fate_deities" title="Time and fate deities">Fate and Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fertility_deities" title="List of fertility deities">Fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fire_deities" title="List of fire deities">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fortune_deities" title="List of fortune deities">Fortune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_health_deities" title="List of health deities">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_deity" title="Household deity">Household</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hunting_deities" title="List of hunting deities">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_gods" title="King of the gods">King of the gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_knowledge_deities" title="List of knowledge deities">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_light_deities" title="List of light deities">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liminal_deity" title="Liminal deity">Liminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_love_and_lust_deities" title="List of love and lust deities">Love and Lust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_deity" title="Lunar deity">Moon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_deities" title="List of lunar deities">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nature_deities" title="List of nature deities">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_night_deities" title="List of night deities">Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">Psychopomp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rain_deities" title="List of rain deities">Rain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dying-and-rising_deity" class="mw-redirect" title="Dying-and-rising deity">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_deity" title="Sky deity">Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithing_gods" title="Smithing gods">Smithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">Sun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_solar_deities" title="List of solar deities">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_thunder_gods" title="List of thunder gods">Thunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tree_deities" title="List of tree deities">Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickster" title="Trickster">Trickery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_tricksters" title="List of fictional tricksters">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deity" title="Tutelary deity">Tutelary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetation_deity" title="Vegetation deity">Vegetation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_deity" title="Volcano deity">Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_war_deities" title="List of war deities">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_water_deities" title="List of water deities">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_god" title="Weather god">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_deities" title="List of wind deities">Wind</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Mythology">Portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Spirits" title="Category:Spirits">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_god&oldid=1256080764">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_god&oldid=1256080764</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_gods" title="Category:National gods">National gods</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_religions" title="Category:Ethnic religions">Ethnic religions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polytheism" title="Category:Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Finnish-language_sources_(fi)" title="Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)">CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_October_2015" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2015">Articles needing additional references from October 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2021" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2021">Articles needing additional references from September 2021</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 November 2024, at 02:53<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_god&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rqr4k","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.702","walltime":"0.893","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2466,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":117468,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2200,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":110731,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 735.617 1 -total"," 37.31% 274.448 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.58% 166.118 6 Template:Cite_journal"," 20.59% 151.427 1 Template:Nationalism_sidebar"," 20.29% 149.274 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 11.91% 87.633 1 Template:Short_description"," 11.65% 85.685 1 Template:Refimprove"," 10.22% 75.178 2 Template:Ambox"," 7.76% 57.074 3 Template:Navbox"," 7.33% 53.908 8 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.428","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7241568,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-jchz4","timestamp":"20241124104524","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"National god","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_god","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6979592","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6979592","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2010-01-13T15:48:18Z","dateModified":"2024-11-08T02:53:17Z","headline":"People unite God for religious or political purposes"}</script> </body> </html>