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<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A" title="إيندرا ديفي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيندرا ديفي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80" title="ইন্দ্রা দেবী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইন্দ্রা দেবী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Indra Devi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indra Devi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Indra Devi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Indra Devi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%91%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="יבגניה פטרסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יבגניה פטרסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ინდრა დევი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდრა დევი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indra Devi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="इंद्रा देवी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंद्रा देवी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%89" title="ايندرا ديفى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايندرا ديفى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Индра Деви – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индра Деви" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indra Devi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF" title="இந்திரா தேவி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்திரா தேவி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Індра Деві – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індра Деві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pioneering yoga teacher of Hollywood stars</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Indra Devi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Yoga_For_Americans_(Indra_Devi_album_-_cover_art).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yoga_For_Americans_%28Indra_Devi_album_-_cover_art%29.jpg/220px-Yoga_For_Americans_%28Indra_Devi_album_-_cover_art%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yoga_For_Americans_%28Indra_Devi_album_-_cover_art%29.jpg/330px-Yoga_For_Americans_%28Indra_Devi_album_-_cover_art%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Yoga_For_Americans_%28Indra_Devi_album_-_cover_art%29.jpg/440px-Yoga_For_Americans_%28Indra_Devi_album_-_cover_art%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="476" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Indra Devi, upper left, in her distinctive <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">sari</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010179_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010179-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1963 album cover</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Eugenie Peterson</div><br />12 May 1899<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Livonia" title="Governorate of Livonia">Governorate of Livonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">25 April 2002 (aged 102)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">yoga teacher</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Bringing yoga to <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a><br />Yoga for stress relief</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Jan Strakaty (1930–1946; his death)<br />Sigfrid Knauer (1953–1984; his death)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundacion-indra-devi.org">Official webpage</a> (in Spanish)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eugenie Peterson</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a>: <i lang="lv">Eiženija Pētersone</i>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Евгения Васильевна Петерсон</span>; 12 May 1899 – 25 April 2002),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> known as <b>Indra Devi</b>, was a pioneering teacher of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">yoga as exercise</a>, and an early disciple of the "father of modern yoga",<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Tirumalai Krishnamacharya</a>. </p><p>She went to India in her twenties, becoming a film star there and acquiring the stage name Indra Devi. She was the first woman to study under the yoga <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a> <a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Krishnamacharya</a> at the Mysore Palace, alongside <a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B.K.S Iyengar</a> and <a href="/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois" title="K. Pattabhi Jois">K. Pattabhi Jois</a> who went on to become <a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">yoga gurus</a>. Moving to China, she taught the first yoga classes in that country at <a href="/wiki/Madame_Chiang_Kai-shek" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Chiang Kai-shek">Madame Chiang Kai-shek</a>'s house. </p><p>Her popularization of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga in America">yoga in America</a> through her many celebrity pupils in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>, and her books advocating yoga for stress relief, earned her the nickname "first lady of yoga". Her biographer, <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Michelle Goldberg</a>, wrote that Devi "planted the seeds for the yoga boom of the 1990s".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016271_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016271-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indra_Devi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eugenie "Zhenya" Peterson was born on 12 May 1899 in <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (now Latvia), to Vasili Peterson, a <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> bank director, and Aleksandra Labunskaya, a <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russian</a> noblewoman who acted at the Nezlobina Theatre. Eugenie was given a <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox">Russian Orthodox</a> baptism. She went to high school in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, graduating with a gold medal in 1917. She briefly attended drama school in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a>, her father served as an army officer and went <a href="/wiki/Missing_in_action" title="Missing in action">missing in action</a> in the civil war. Eugenie and her mother escaped to Latvia as the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> came to power in 1917, losing the family fortune; in 1920 they moved to Poland, and in 1921 to Berlin, where she became an actress and dancer.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Witt_2016_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Witt_2016-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016338–339_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016338–339-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1926, attracted by a notice in a bookshop in <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, she went to hear <a href="/wiki/Jiddu_Krishnamurti" title="Jiddu Krishnamurti">Jiddu Krishnamurti</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society" title="Theosophical Society">Theosophical Society</a> meeting in the Netherlands;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his chanting of Sanskrit <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantras</a> around a campfire had a powerful effect on her. She later said "It seemed to me, I was hearing a forgotten call, familiar, but distant. From that day everything in me turned upside down."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016338–339_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016338–339-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indra_Devi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indra_Devi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Devi's fascination with India began at 15 when she read a book by poet-philosopher <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a> and a yoga instruction book by <a href="/wiki/Yogi_Ramacharaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogi Ramacharaka">Yogi Ramacharaka</a>. In Berlin, she worked as an actor in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Bird_(play)" title="The Blue Bird (play)">The Blue Bird</a></i>, touring Europe, and accepted a proposal of marriage from the banker Herman Bolm, on condition she could first go to India; he agreed and paid for the trip. She set off on 17 November 1927, crossing India from south to north, wearing a <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">sari</a> for the first time, sitting on the floor and eating with her fingers. She came back three months later, a changed woman, speaking only of India, and returned Bolm's engagement ring. She soon went back to India, selling her valuables to pay for the trip. At the <a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society_Adyar" title="Theosophical Society Adyar">Theosophical Society in Adyar</a> (Madras, now <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>), dancing "an Indian temple dance", she met <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, starting a long-term friendship, and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian cinema">Indian film</a> director Bhagwati Mishra, who gave her a part in <i>Sher-e-Arab</i> (Arabian Knight): the 1930 premiere made her a film star in India, under a new stage name, Indra Devi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016340_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016340-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1930, she married Jan Strakaty, a commercial attache to the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovak</a> consulate in <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>, and for some years lived as a society hostess there.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010182_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010182-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She became interested in yoga, Nepal's prince Mussoorie showing her some asanas,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010182_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010182-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016341–342_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016341–342-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she was impressed by the yoga <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">guru</a> <a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Krishnamacharya</a>'s demonstration of apparently stopping his heart.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010182_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010182-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She asked to study with him; in 1938, he reluctantly accepted her as a student after his employer, the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Mysore" title="Maharaja of Mysore">Maharaja of Mysore</a>, spoke on her behalf. She was obliged to keep to the strict vegetarian diet and the monastic hours, with lights out at 9pm. She was the first foreign woman among his students in the yogasala in the Mysore Palace, studying alongside <a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B.K.S Iyengar</a> and <a href="/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois" title="K. Pattabhi Jois">K. Pattabhi Jois</a> who went on to become world-famous yoga teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016342–345_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016342–345-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When she was leaving India to follow her husband to China, Krishnamacharya asked her to work as a yoga teacher there.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indra_Devi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1939, she held what are believed to be the first yoga classes in China and opened a school in Shanghai at the house of <a href="/wiki/Madame_Chiang_Kai-shek" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Chiang Kai-shek">Madame Chiang Kai-shek</a>, wife of the nationalist leader and a new yoga enthusiast.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016345–346_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016345–346-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The classes began with 20 minutes of relaxation in <a href="/wiki/Shavasana" title="Shavasana">shavasana</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Setu_Bandha_Sarvangasana" title="Setu Bandha Sarvangasana">bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarvangasana" title="Sarvangasana">shoulderstand</a>, gentle backbends such as <a href="/wiki/Bhujangasana" title="Bhujangasana">cobra pose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">lotus position</a> (including leaning right forward into <a href="/wiki/Yogamudrasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogamudrasana">Yogamudrasana</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Shirshasana" title="Shirshasana">headstand</a>, against a wall for beginners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016135–136_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016135–136-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were many Americans and Russians among her pupils; she also taught free classes in orphanages. More and more people began to call her <a href="/wiki/Mataji" title="Mataji">Mataji</a>, which means "respected mother".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India_and_China">India and China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indra_Devi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: India and China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Her husband died unexpectedly in 1946,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Devi returned to India, arriving in Bombay as the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a> was coming to an end. She was hosted by the <a href="/wiki/Maharajah" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharajah">maharajah</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tehri_Garhwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehri Garhwal">Tehri Garhwal</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ananda%E2%80%93In_the_Himalayas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ananda–In the Himalayas">his palace in the Himalayas</a>. She was hoping to stay in <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> to teach yoga in a centre to be run by the Cambodian monk <a href="/wiki/Bellong_Mahathera" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellong Mahathera">Bellong Mahathera</a>, but her mother called her back to Shanghai, where Devi's house was being requisitioned by the army in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>. Devi arrived there in time to sell many of her possessions before the house was taken over. She claimed later that she had wanted to return to India, but she obtained a United States visa, and sailed on the troopship <a href="/wiki/USS_General_W._H._Gordon" title="USS General W. H. Gordon">USS <i>General W. H. Gordon</i></a> to San Francisco at the end of 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016149–155_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016149–155-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indra_Devi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indra_anne_harry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Indra_anne_harry.jpg/220px-Indra_anne_harry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Indra_anne_harry.jpg/330px-Indra_anne_harry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Indra_anne_harry.jpg/440px-Indra_anne_harry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>(left to right) <a href="/wiki/Harry_Lehrer" title="Harry Lehrer">Harry Lehrer</a>, Jean R. Miller, <a href="/wiki/Anne_T._Hill" title="Anne T. Hill">Anne T. Hill</a>, Indra Devi in Los Angeles in 1965</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga in America">Yoga in America</a></div> <p>In California, assisted by her experience as a diplomat's wife with a patrician manner and the natural confidence of the wealthy, she met the author and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a> and Krishnamurti, giving her access to spiritually-inclined Americans; an especially valuable contact was the diet and health guru <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bragg" title="Paul Bragg">Paul Bragg</a>, who advised film and stage stars. In 1948 she opened a yoga studio at 8806 <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard" title="Sunset Boulevard">Sunset Boulevard</a> in Hollywood, the first in Los Angeles; she had a distinctive style and appearance, as she normally wore a sari.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010179–184_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010179–184-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016348–363_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016348–363-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her friends Magaña and Walt Baptiste opened a yoga school in San Francisco in 1952; she became godmother to their son Baron Baptiste, who went on to found <a href="/wiki/Baron_Baptiste_Power_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Baptiste Power Yoga">Baron Baptiste Power Yoga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Baptiste_2018_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baptiste_2018-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Devi taught her own form of <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">hatha yoga</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Asanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Asanas">asanas</a> (postures) and <a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">pranayama</a> (breath control); she avoided spiritual teaching, which she preferred to leave to yoga gurus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010180_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010180-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her teaching style was in <a href="/wiki/Stefanie_Syman" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefanie Syman">Stefanie Syman</a>'s words "gentle and even relaxing".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010181_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010181-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was almost immediately successful in attracting leading stars, including men as well as women; Syman notes that "she could charm the pants off men".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010181_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010181-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016339_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016339-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elliott Goldberg gives a different explanation for her success, attributing it to her packaging of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">yoga for women</a> as a "beauty secret, youth elixir, and health tonic".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016352_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016352-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More generally, in his view, Devi saw <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_therapy" title="Yoga as therapy">yoga as a remedy</a> for anxiety and stress, noting that this <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">transformed yoga</a> from something that dissolved the ego to something that strengthened it, because, he commented, Americans did want to change "but not all that much".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016349–357_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016349–357-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Devi's advocacy of yoga for stress relief contributed, in Goldberg's view, to the widespread acceptance of <a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga in America">yoga in America</a>, and earned her the nickname "first lady of yoga".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016354,_363_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016354,_363-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She taught yoga to many celebrities including <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eva_Gabor" title="Eva Gabor">Eva Gabor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson">Gloria Swanson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also among her students were <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Novarro" title="Ramon Novarro">Ramon Novarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ryan" title="Robert Ryan">Robert Ryan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yul_Brynner" title="Yul Brynner">Yul Brynner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Jones" title="Jennifer Jones">Jennifer Jones</a>, and the violinist <a href="/wiki/Yehudi_Menuhin" title="Yehudi Menuhin">Yehudi Menuhin</a>, who brought Iyengar to the West.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her books, including the 1953 <i>Forever Young, Forever Healthy</i> and the 1959 <i>Yoga for Americans</i> described a gentle, relaxing style of yoga using a small number of asanas,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> practised slowly.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016358–359_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016358–359-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Devi's biographer, <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Michelle Goldberg</a>, describes <i>Yoga for Americans</i> as having "a chipper, secular practicality perfectly calibrated for <a href="/wiki/Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a>'s America."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016184–185_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016184–185-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Devi introduced the book as of value to artists, "businessmen and sportsmen, models and housewives"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016184–185_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016184–185-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and office workers. Menuhin wrote the foreword. The two books were "an enormous success",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016184–185_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016184–185-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were translated into languages including French, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, and Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016184–185_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016184–185-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1953 Devi married the German <a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">anthroposophical physician</a> Sigfrid Knauer. In the mid-1950s she was granted American citizenship and changed her legal name to Indra Devi.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016176_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016176-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1960 she visited the USSR, seeing Saint Petersburg (then Leningrad) for the first time in 40 years, and meeting the government ministers <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Gromyko" title="Andrei Gromyko">Andrei Gromyko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a> at the Indian ambassador's reception at the Sovetskaya Hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Devi later recorded several instructional talks on yoga, including "Renew Your Life with Yoga."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indra_Devi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Latin America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1961, Knauer bought Devi a large <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">ranch</a> near <a href="/wiki/Tecate" title="Tecate">Tecate</a> in Mexico; she opened the Indra Devi Foundation there. From 1966, she became close to the Hindu guru <a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016361_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016361-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and she travelled often from Tecate to <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puttaparthi" title="Puttaparthi">Puttaparthi</a>. She closed the Tecate operation in 1977 and moved with her very ill husband to Bangalore. In 1984 she and Knauer made a trip to Sri Lanka, where he died.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016363_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016363-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1985 she moved to <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. In 1987 she was elected president of honour of the International Yoga Federation, and of the Latin American Union of Yoga under the presidency of Swami Maitreyananda at <a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indra_Devi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">Yoga for women</a></div> <p>Biographer Michelle Goldberg comments that for most of her life, Devi's "only goal" was to bring yoga to the West, and when it became "a ubiquitous part of cosmopolitan urban culture, signifier of a lifestyle at once wholesome and sexy"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016270–271_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016270–271-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the 1990s, she had certainly succeeded, even if the new yoga is "much more vigorous than the style she taught".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016270–271_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016270–271-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yoga remains, Goldberg writes, as Devi had made it, <a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">a predominantly female pursuit</a>, despite the energetic workouts of <a href="/wiki/Power_Yoga" title="Power Yoga">Power Yoga</a>; she created the link in the Western mind between yoga and <a href="/wiki/Organic_food" title="Organic food">organic food</a>, "holistic spas, and biodynamic beauty products".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016272–273_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016272–273-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goldberg also notes that <a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise#Differences" title="Yoga as exercise">yoga in the West</a> is "a hybrid culture", with "an immense gulf between the limber young women in <a href="/wiki/Lululemon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lululemon">Lululemon</a> yoga gear ... and the ash-smeared half-naked yogins .. on the banks of the Ganges".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016273–274_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016273–274-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indra_Devi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">Devi, Indra (1953). <i>Forever Young, Forever Healthy: Simplified Yoga for Modern Living</i>. Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/652377847">652377847</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forever+Young%2C+Forever+Healthy%3A+Simplified+Yoga+for+Modern+Living&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F652377847&rft.aulast=Devi&rft.aufirst=Indra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Devi, Indra (1959). <i>Yoga For Americans: A Complete 6 Week Course for Home Practice</i>. Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/779004518">779004518</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga+For+Americans%3A+A+Complete+6+Week+Course+for+Home+Practice&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1959&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F779004518&rft.aulast=Devi&rft.aufirst=Indra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Devi, Indra (1963). <i>Renew your life through yoga. The Indra Devi method for relaxation through rhythmic breathing</i>. Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/877363243">877363243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renew+your+life+through+yoga.+The+Indra+Devi+method+for+relaxation+through+rhythmic+breathing&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F877363243&rft.aulast=Devi&rft.aufirst=Indra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Devi, Indra (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unamujerdetressi0000devi"><i>Una mujer de tres siglos</i></a></span> (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Sudmericana. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-950-07-1726-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-950-07-1726-7"><bdi>978-950-07-1726-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48372297">48372297</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Una+mujer+de+tres+siglos&rft.place=Buenos+Aires&rft.pub=Sudmericana&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48372297&rft.isbn=978-950-07-1726-7&rft.aulast=Devi&rft.aufirst=Indra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funamujerdetressi0000devi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indra_Devi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Russia" title="Yoga in Russia">Yoga in Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_the_United_States" title="Yoga in the United States">Yoga in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indra_Devi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">But not <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a>, contrary to popular belief. While Monroe did own her bestselling<sup id="cite_ref-Schrank_2014_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schrank_2014-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> book <i>Forever Young, Forever Healthy</i>, there is no proof that the two women met. A popular photo that shows <a href="/wiki/Eva_Gabor" title="Eva Gabor">Eva Gabor</a> training with Devi in 1960 is commonly mistaken for Monroe. Monroe posed for glamour photographs in postures close to <a href="/wiki/Navasana" title="Navasana">Navasana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dhanurasana" title="Dhanurasana">Dhanurasana</a>, but again there is no evidence that she learnt these from yoga rather than Western gymnastics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010187_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010187-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Devi taught only 12 asanas, apart from <a href="/wiki/Surya_Namaskar" class="mw-redirect" title="Surya Namaskar">Surya Namaskar</a> (Sun Salutation); they included <a href="/wiki/Bhujangasana" title="Bhujangasana">Bhujangasana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lotus_pose" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotus pose">Lotus pose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yogamudrasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogamudrasana">Yogamudrasana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shirshasana" title="Shirshasana">Shirshasana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016358–359_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016358–359-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indra_Devi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010179-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010179_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSyman2010">Syman 2010</a>, p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAboy2002" class="citation news cs1">Aboy, Adriana (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hinduismtoday.com/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=3846">"Indra Devi's Legacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_Today" title="Hinduism Today">Hinduism Today</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Indra+Devi%27s+Legacy&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Aboy&rft.aufirst=Adriana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hinduismtoday.com%2Fmodules%2Fsmartsection%2Fitem.php%3Fitemid%3D3846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohanMohan2017" class="citation web cs1">Mohan, A. G.; Mohan, Ganesh (5 April 2017) [2009]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yogajournal.com/wisdom/2590">"Memories of a Master"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yoga+Journal&rft.atitle=Memories+of+a+Master&rft.date=2017-04-05&rft.aulast=Mohan&rft.aufirst=A.+G.&rft.au=Mohan%2C+Ganesh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Fwisdom%2F2590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016271-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016271_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichelle_Goldberg2016">Michelle Goldberg 2016</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacVean2015" class="citation news cs1">MacVean, Mary (28 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-ca-jc-summer-books-goldberg-20150531-story.html">"Michelle Goldberg's book 'The Goddess Pose' paints vivid picture of yoga pioneer Indra Devi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Michelle+Goldberg%27s+book+%27The+Goddess+Pose%27+paints+vivid+picture+of+yoga+pioneer+Indra+Devi&rft.date=2015-05-28&rft.aulast=MacVean&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbooks%2Fjacketcopy%2Fla-ca-jc-summer-books-goldberg-20150531-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2002" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Douglas (30 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/30/world/indra-devi-102-dies-taught-yoga-to-stars-and-leaders.html">"Indra Devi, 102, Dies; Taught Yoga to Stars and Leaders"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Indra+Devi%2C+102%2C+Dies%3B+Taught+Yoga+to+Stars+and+Leaders&rft.date=2002-04-30&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F04%2F30%2Fworld%2Findra-devi-102-dies-taught-yoga-to-stars-and-leaders.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Witt_2016-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Witt_2016_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitt2016" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Emily_Witt" title="Emily Witt">Witt, Emily</a> (27 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/may/27/goddess-pose-michelle-goldberg-review-yoga-popular">"The Goddess Pose by Michelle Goldberg review – the strange story of how yoga became popular"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Goddess+Pose+by+Michelle+Goldberg+review+%E2%80%93+the+strange+story+of+how+yoga+became+popular&rft.date=2016-05-27&rft.aulast=Witt&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2016%2Fmay%2F27%2Fgoddess-pose-michelle-goldberg-review-yoga-popular&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016338–339-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016338–339_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016338–339_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016">Elliott Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 338–339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFedorov2010_9-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFedorov2010">Fedorov 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolfe2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Rolfe, Lionel (17 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/lionel-rolfe/indra-devi-was-not-just-a_b_7078842.html">"Indra Devi was not just a nice old lady"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Indra+Devi+was+not+just+a+nice+old+lady&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft.aulast=Rolfe&rft.aufirst=Lionel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Flionel-rolfe%2Findra-devi-was-not-just-a_b_7078842.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016340-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016340_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016">Elliott Goldberg 2016</a>, p. 340.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010182-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010182_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010182_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010182_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSyman2010">Syman 2010</a>, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016341–342-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016341–342_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016">Elliott Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 341–342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016342–345-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016342–345_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016">Elliott Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 342–345.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016345–346-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016345–346_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016">Elliott Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 345–346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016135–136-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016135–136_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichelle_Goldberg2016">Michelle Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 135–136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbernethy2012" class="citation news cs1">Abernethy, Susan (2 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amazingwomeninhistory.com/indra-devi-mother-of-western-yoga/">"Indra Devi, Mother of Western Yoga - Amazing Women In History"</a>. <i>Amazing Women In History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Amazing+Women+In+History&rft.atitle=Indra+Devi%2C+Mother+of+Western+Yoga+-+Amazing+Women+In+History&rft.date=2012-10-02&rft.aulast=Abernethy&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazingwomeninhistory.com%2Findra-devi-mother-of-western-yoga%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016149–155-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016149–155_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichelle_Goldberg2016">Michelle Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 149–155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010179–184-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010179–184_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSyman2010">Syman 2010</a>, pp. 179–184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016348–363-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016348–363_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016">Elliott Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 348–363.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baptiste_2018-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baptiste_2018_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaptiste2018" class="citation web cs1">Baptiste, Baron (30 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/how-baron-baptiste-grew-up-on-yoga-got-into-the-family-business">"How Baron Baptiste Grew Up on Yoga—& Eventually Got Into the Family Business"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Baron+Baptiste+Grew+Up+on+Yoga%E2%80%94%26+Eventually+Got+Into+the+Family+Business&rft.pub=Yoga+Journal&rft.date=2018-01-30&rft.aulast=Baptiste&rft.aufirst=Baron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yogajournal.com%2Flifestyle%2Fhow-baron-baptiste-grew-up-on-yoga-got-into-the-family-business&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010180-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010180_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSyman2010">Syman 2010</a>, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010181-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010181_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010181_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSyman2010">Syman 2010</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016339-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016339_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016">Elliott Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016352-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016352_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016">Elliott Goldberg 2016</a>, p. 352.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016349–357-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016349–357_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016">Elliott Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 349–357.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016354,_363-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016354,_363_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016">Elliott Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 354, 363.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schrank_2014-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schrank_2014_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchrank2014" class="citation journal cs1">Schrank, Sarah (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.ku.edu/amerstud/article/view/4730">"American Yoga: The Shaping of Modern Body Culture in the United States"</a>. <i>American Studies</i>. <b>53</b> (1): 169–182. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fams.2014.0021">10.1353/ams.2014.0021</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144698814">144698814</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Studies&rft.atitle=American+Yoga%3A+The+Shaping+of+Modern+Body+Culture+in+the+United+States&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=169-182&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fams.2014.0021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144698814%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Schrank&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.ku.edu%2Famerstud%2Farticle%2Fview%2F4730&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESyman2010187-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESyman2010187_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSyman2010">Syman 2010</a>, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dangerousminds.net/comments/photographs_of_marilyn_monroe_doing_yoga">"Photographs of Marilyn Monroe doing yoga"</a>. <i>Dangerous Minds</i>. 28 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dangerous+Minds&rft.atitle=Photographs+of+Marilyn+Monroe+doing+yoga&rft.date=2016-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdangerousminds.net%2Fcomments%2Fphotographs_of_marilyn_monroe_doing_yoga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016358–359-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016358–359_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016358–359_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016">Elliott Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 358–359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016184–185-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016184–185_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016184–185_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016184–185_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016184–185_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichelle_Goldberg2016">Michelle Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 184–185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016176-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016176_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichelle_Goldberg2016">Michelle Goldberg 2016</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevi2007" class="citation book cs1">Devi, Indra (2007). <i>Renew Your Life with Yoga (Audio CD)</i>. Audio-Forum. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1579704794">1579704794</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renew+Your+Life+with+Yoga+%28Audio+CD%29&rft.pub=Audio-Forum&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Devi&rft.aufirst=Indra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016361-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016361_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016">Elliott Goldberg 2016</a>, p. 361.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016363-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott_Goldberg2016363_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016">Elliott Goldberg 2016</a>, p. 363.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.internationalyogafederation.net/history.html">"History"</a>. International Yoga Federation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=International+Yoga+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.internationalyogafederation.net%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016270–271-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016270–271_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016270–271_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichelle_Goldberg2016">Michelle Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 270–271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016272–273-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016272–273_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichelle_Goldberg2016">Michelle Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 272–273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016273–274-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelle_Goldberg2016273–274_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMichelle_Goldberg2016">Michelle Goldberg 2016</a>, pp. 273–274.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indra_Devi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFedorov2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fedorov, Anton (1 October 2010). "Поставившая мир на голову" [Turn the world on its head]. <i><a href="/wiki/Vokrug_sveta" title="Vokrug sveta">Vokrug sveta</a></i> (in Russian) (October 2010).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vokrug+sveta&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83&rft.issue=October+2010&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.aulast=Fedorov&rft.aufirst=Anton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span> An <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildyogi.info/en/issue/one-who-put-world-head">authorised English version of the article</a> is available on the Wild Yogi website.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott_Goldberg2016" class="citation book cs1">Goldberg, Elliott (2016). <a href="/wiki/The_Path_of_Modern_Yoga" title="The Path of Modern Yoga"><i>The Path of Modern Yoga : the history of an embodied spiritual practice</i></a>. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions. pp. 338–363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62055-567-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62055-567-5"><bdi>978-1-62055-567-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Path+of+Modern+Yoga+%3A+the+history+of+an+embodied+spiritual+practice&rft.place=Rochester%2C+Vermont&rft.pages=338-363&rft.pub=Inner+Traditions&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-62055-567-5&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Elliott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichelle_Goldberg2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Goldberg, Michelle</a> (2016) [2015]. <i>The Goddess Pose: The Audacious Life of Indra Devi, The Woman Who Helped Bring Yoga to the West</i>. London: Corsair. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4721-5204-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4721-5204-6"><bdi>978-1-4721-5204-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/927383820">927383820</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Goddess+Pose%3A+The+Audacious+Life+of+Indra+Devi%2C+The+Woman+Who+Helped+Bring+Yoga+to+the+West&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Corsair&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F927383820&rft.isbn=978-1-4721-5204-6&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyman2010" class="citation book cs1">Syman, Stefanie (2010). <a href="/wiki/The_Subtle_Body" title="The Subtle Body"><i>The Subtle Body: The Story of Yoga in America</i></a>. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/subtlebodystoryo0000syma/page/179">179-197</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-23676-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-23676-2"><bdi>978-0-374-23676-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Subtle+Body%3A+The+Story+of+Yoga+in+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=179-197&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus%2C+and+Giroux&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-374-23676-2&rft.aulast=Syman&rft.aufirst=Stefanie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndra+Devi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template talk:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yoga_as_exercise" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asanas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Downward dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Lotus position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditative_postures" title="Meditative postures">Meditation seats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_pose" title="Tree pose">Tree pose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virabhadrasana" title="Virabhadrasana">Warrior</a></li> <li>Accompaniments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viny%C4%81sa" title="Vinyāsa">Vinyāsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_Vinyasas" title="Hasta Vinyasas">Hasta Vinyasas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_teacher_training" title="Yoga teacher training">Teacher training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Standards <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Wheel_of_Yoga" title="British Wheel of Yoga">British Wheel of Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_of_Yoga" title="European Union of Yoga">European Union of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Van_Lysebeth" title="André Van Lysebeth">André Van Lysebeth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Alliance" title="Yoga Alliance">Yoga Alliance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">Therapy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Yoga using props</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/Accessible_yoga" title="Accessible yoga">Accessible yoga</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Trauma-sensitive_yoga" title="Trauma-sensitive yoga">Trauma-sensitive yoga</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Restorative_Yoga" title="Restorative Yoga">Restorative Yoga</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Yoga_nidra" title="Yoga nidra">Yoga nidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Miller_(psychologist)" title="Richard Miller (psychologist)">International Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_yoga" title="Competitive yoga">Competitive yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asana_Journal" title="Asana Journal">Asana Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_brick" title="Yoga brick">Yoga brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_mat" title="Yoga mat">Yoga mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Farmer" title="Angela Farmer">Angela Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugger_Mugger_Yoga_Products" title="Hugger Mugger Yoga Products">Hugger Mugger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica" title="Lululemon Athletica">Lululemon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/80px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/120px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/160px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_yoga" title="Early modern yoga">Early modern yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li>1896 <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bernard_(yogi)" title="Pierre Bernard (yogi)">Pierre Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic Gymnastics">Harmonial gymnastics/yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Agniel" title="Marguerite Agniel">Marguerite Agniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bagot_Stack" title="Mary Bagot Stack">Mary Bagot Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Stebbins" title="Genevieve Stebbins">Genevieve Stebbins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">Physical culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishnu_Charan_Ghosh" title="Bishnu Charan Ghosh">B. C. Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._V._Iyer" title="K. V. Iyer">K. V. Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seetharaman_Sundaram" title="Seetharaman Sundaram">Seetharaman Sundaram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Autobiography_of_a_Yogi" title="Autobiography of a Yogi">Autobiography of a Yogi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_yoga" title="Hot yoga">Hot yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_yoga" title="Science of yoga">Science of yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_by_yoga_gurus" title="Sexual abuse by yoga gurus">Sexual abuse by yoga gurus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Remski" title="Matthew Remski">Matthew Remski</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_and_cultural_appropriation" title="Yoga and cultural appropriation">Yoga and cultural appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_advertising" title="Yoga in advertising">In advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_children" title="Yoga for children">For children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">For women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geeta_Iyengar" title="Geeta Iyengar">Geeta Iyengar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_tourism" title="Yoga tourism">Yoga tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_hybrids" title="List of yoga hybrids">Hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1938 <a href="/wiki/Naked_yoga" title="Naked yoga">Naked yoga</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jude_Boccio" title="Frank Jude Boccio">Frank Jude Boccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Cushman" title="Anne Cushman">Anne Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kabat-Zinn" title="Jon Kabat-Zinn">Jon Kabat-Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lee" title="Cyndi Lee">Cyndi Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Moffitt" title="Phillip Moffitt">Phillip Moffitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Acroyoga" title="Acroyoga">Acroyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doga_(yoga)" title="Doga (yoga)">Doga</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Paddleboard_Yoga" title="Paddleboard Yoga">Paddleboard Yoga</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Aerial_yoga" title="Aerial yoga">Aerial yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_yoga" title="Beer yoga">Beer yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga in America">America</a> <ul><li>1961 <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hittleman" title="Richard Hittleman">Yoga for Health</a></i></li> <li>1970 <i><a href="/wiki/Lilias,_Yoga_and_You" title="Lilias, Yoga and You">Lilias, Yoga and You</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain" title="Yoga in Britain">Britain</a> <ul><li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Lyn_Marshall" title="Lyn Marshall">Lyn Marshall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_France" title="Yoga in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Germany" title="Yoga in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_yoga_in_India" title="Postural yoga in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Italy" title="Yoga in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Russia" title="Yoga in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Sweden" title="Yoga in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brathen" title="Rachel Brathen">Rachel Brathen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li>1941 <a href="/wiki/Selvarajan_Yesudian" title="Selvarajan Yesudian">Selvarajan Yesudian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1996 <i><a href="/wiki/Norman_Sjoman" title="Norman Sjoman">Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace</a></i></li> <li>2004 <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alter" title="Joseph Alter">Yoga in Modern India</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Modern_Yoga" title="A History of Modern Yoga">A History of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2005 <i><a href="/wiki/Positioning_Yoga" title="Positioning Yoga">Positioning Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2010 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Body" title="Yoga Body">Yoga Body</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Subtle_Body" title="The Subtle Body">The Subtle Body</a></i></li> <li>2015 <i><a href="/wiki/Selling_Yoga" title="Selling Yoga">Selling Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2016 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Path_of_Modern_Yoga" title="The Path of Modern Yoga">The Path of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2017 <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2019 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain:_Stretching_Spirituality_and_Educating_Yogis" title="Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis">Yoga in Britain</a></i></li> <li>2020 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Yoga" title="The Story of Yoga">The Story of Yoga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <i><a href="/wiki/Guru_(2006_film)" title="Guru (2006 film)">Guru</a></i></li> <li>2009 <i><a href="/wiki/Enlighten_Up!" title="Enlighten Up!">Enlighten Up!</a></i></li> <li>2012 <i><a href="/wiki/Breath_of_the_Gods" title="Breath of the Gods">Breath of the Gods</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">Schools</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">Gurus</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1918 <a href="/wiki/The_Yoga_Institute" title="The Yoga Institute">The Yoga Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Yogendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Yogendra">Shri Yogendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa_Yogendra" title="Hansa Yogendra">Hansa Yogendra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1924 <a href="/wiki/Kaivalyadhama_Health_and_Yoga_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaivalyadhama Health and Yoga Research Center">Kaivalyadhama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Kuvalayananda" title="Swami Kuvalayananda">Swami Kuvalayananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1934 <a href="/wiki/Viniyoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Viniyoga">Viniyoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Tirumalai Krishnamacharya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Makaranda" title="Yoga Makaranda">Yoga Makaranda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._K._V._Desikachar" title="T. K. V. Desikachar">T. K. V. Desikachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Mohan" title="A. G. Mohan">A. G. Mohan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indra Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivatsa_Ramaswami" title="Srivatsa Ramaswami">Srivatsa Ramaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanda_Scaravelli" title="Vanda Scaravelli">Vanda Scaravelli</a></li></ul></li> <li>c. 1948 <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_vinyasa_yoga" title="Ashtanga vinyasa yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois" title="K. Pattabhi Jois">K. Pattabhi Jois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_style" title="Mysore style">Mysore style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Miller_(yoga_teacher)" title="Tim Miller (yoga teacher)">Tim Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kino_MacGregor" title="Kino MacGregor">Kino MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Schultz" title="Larry Schultz">Larry Schultz</a></li></ul></li> <li>1959 <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Illustrated_Book_of_Yoga" title="Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga">Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/Bihar_School_of_Yoga" title="Bihar School of Yoga">Bihar School of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satyananda_Saraswati" title="Satyananda Saraswati">Satyananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Yoga" title="Ananda Yoga">Ananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Integral_Yoga_(Satchidananda)" title="Integral Yoga (Satchidananda)">Integral Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satchidananda_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Satchidananda Saraswati">Satchidananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Kripalu_Center" title="Kripalu Center">Kripalu Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Desai" title="Amrit Desai">Amrit Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cope" title="Stephen Cope">Stephen Cope</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Institute_of_Yoga_Science_and_Philosophy" title="Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy">Himalayan Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li></ul></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Yoga" title="Bikram Yoga">Bikram Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikram_Choudhury" title="Bikram Choudhury">Bikram Choudhury</a></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Iyengar_Yoga" title="Iyengar Yoga">Iyengar Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_the_Iyengar_Way" title="Yoga the Iyengar Way">Yoga the Iyengar Way</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Mittra" title="Dharma Mittra">Dharma Mittra</a></li> <li>c. 1975 <a href="/wiki/Yin_Yoga" title="Yin Yoga">Yin Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulie_Zink" title="Paulie Zink">Paulie Zink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grilley" title="Paul Grilley">Paul Grilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Powers" title="Sarah Powers">Sarah Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Yoga" title="Forrest Yoga">Forrest Yoga</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Jivamukti_Yoga" title="Jivamukti Yoga">Jivamukti Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Gannon" title="Sharon Gannon">Sharon Gannon</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Power_Yoga" title="Power Yoga">Power Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Bender_Birch" title="Beryl Bender Birch">Beryl Bender Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Kest" title="Bryan Kest">Bryan Kest</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Anusara_School_of_Hatha_Yoga" title="Anusara School of Hatha Yoga">Anusara Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Friend_(yogi)" title="John Friend (yogi)">John Friend</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Core_Strength_Vinyasa_Yoga" title="Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga">Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-lineage_yoga" title="Post-lineage yoga">Post-lineage yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Asanas" title="Template:Asanas">Asanas (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">List of yoga schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_scholars" title="Template:Yoga scholars">Yoga scholars (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yoga_teachers" title="Category:Yoga teachers">Yoga teachers (category)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Yoginis" title="Template:Modern Yoginis">Modern Yoginis (template)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modern_yoginis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Yoginis" title="Template:Modern Yoginis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_Yoginis" title="Template talk:Modern Yoginis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_Yoginis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern Yoginis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_yoginis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Modern yoginis</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">Women in yoga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Bender_Birch" title="Beryl Bender Birch">Beryl Bender Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Cushman" title="Anne Cushman">Anne Cushman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indra Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nischala_Joy_Devi" title="Nischala Joy Devi">Nischala Joy Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dunn_(yoga)" title="Mary Dunn (yoga)">Mary Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Farhi" title="Donna Farhi">Donna Farhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Farmer" title="Angela Farmer">Angela Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilias_Folan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilias Folan">Lilias Folan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Gannon" title="Sharon Gannon">Sharon Gannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geeta_Iyengar" title="Geeta Iyengar">Geeta Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukh_(yoga_teacher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukh (yoga teacher)">Gurmukh Kaur Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Hanson_Lasater" title="Judith Hanson Lasater">Judith Hanson Lasater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_the_Iyengar_Way" title="Yoga the Iyengar Way">Mira Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_Strength_Vinyasa_Yoga" title="Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga">Sadie Nardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Powers" title="Sarah Powers">Sarah Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Sivananda_Radha" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Sivananda Radha">Swami Sivananda Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Rea" title="Shiva Rea">Shiva Rea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanda_Scaravelli" title="Vanda Scaravelli">Vanda Scaravelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessamyn_Stanley" title="Jessamyn Stanley">Jessamyn Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Jyoti_Vernon" title="Rama Jyoti Vernon">Rama Jyoti Vernon</a></li> <li><a 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063088#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063088#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063088#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/73942771">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1815679/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtGVCqg88xD6gfByTqWjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/105282464">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no99020113">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb124232135">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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