CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" class="h-100"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <style>div#sliding-popup, div#sliding-popup .eu-cookie-withdraw-banner, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab {background: #0779bf} div#sliding-popup.eu-cookie-withdraw-wrapper { background: transparent; } #sliding-popup h1, #sliding-popup h2, #sliding-popup h3, #sliding-popup p, #sliding-popup label, #sliding-popup div, .eu-cookie-compliance-more-button, .eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button, .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { color: #ffffff;} .eu-cookie-withdraw-tab { border-color: #ffffff;}</style> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/favicon.ico" type="image/png" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Cybersecurity of Critical Sectors" href="https://www.enisa.europa.eu/taxonomy/term/528/feed" /> <script>window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={};</script> <meta content="ENISA: Every day we experience the Information Society. Interconnected networks touch our everyday lives, at home and at work. It is therefore vital that computers, mobile phones, banking, and the Internet function, to support Europe鈥檚 digital economy. That is why ENISA is working with Cybersecurity for the EU and the Member States." name="DC.description"> <meta name="description" content="ENISA is the EU agency dedicated to enhancing cybersecurity in Europe. They offer guidance, tools, and resources to safeguard citizens and businesses from cyber threats."> <meta name="keywords" content="Cybersecurity, EU, ENISA, computer security, Cyber Threats, EU Cyber Crisis, Incident Management, Market and Standards, Product Security, Security certification, Risk Management, Skills and competences, State of cybersecurity in the EU, Vulnerability Disclosure, Artificial Intelligence, Next Gen Technologies, Awareness, Cyber Hygiene, Digital Identity, Data Protection, Education and career path"> <title>Cybersecurity of Critical Sectors | ENISA</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/align.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/fieldgroup.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/container-inline.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/clearfix.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/details.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/hidden.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/item-list.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/js.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/nowrap.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/position-container.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/reset-appearance.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/resize.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/system-status-counter.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/system-status-report-counters.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/system/components/tablesort.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/core.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/tabs.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.6.0/css/all.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/views/views.module.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/eu_cookie_compliance/css/eu_cookie_compliance.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/addtoany/css/addtoany.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/themes/base/theme.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/blocktabs/css/blocktabs.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/social_media_links/css/social_media_links.theme.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/we_megamenu/assets/includes/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.min.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/we_megamenu/assets/css/we_megamenu_backend.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/themes/stable9/css/core/assets/vendor/normalize-css/normalize.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/action-links.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/breadcrumb.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/container-inline.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/details.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/exposed-filters.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/field.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/form.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/icons.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/inline-form.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/item-list.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/links.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/menu.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/more-link.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/pager.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/tabledrag.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/tableselect.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/tablesort.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/textarea.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/ui-dialog.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/components/messages.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/style.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/enisafonts.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/enisaweb.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/nis2_style.css?ste4et" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/enisaweb/css/cookies.css?ste4et" /> </head> <body class="path-taxonomy d-flex flex-column h-100"> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas d-flex flex-column h-100" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header> <p class="sr-only"><a href="#main-content" accesskey="M">Go to the main content</a></p> <div class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark text-light bg-primary header"> <div class="container logo-menu-wrapper d-flex"> <div class="region region-nav-branding"> <div id="block-enisaweb-branding" class="block block-system block-system-branding-block"> <div class="navbar-brand d-flex align-items-center"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home" class="site-logo d-block"> <img src="/themes/custom/enisaweb/enisa-logo.png" alt="Home" fetchpriority="high" /> </a> <div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="collapse navbar-collapse justify-content-end main-menu" id="navbarSupportedContent" role="navigation" aria-label="Main menu and Search box"> <div class="region region-nav-main"> <div id="block-enisaweb-mainnavigation-2" class="block block-we-megamenu block-we-megamenu-blockmain"> <div class="region-we-mega-menu"> <a href="javascript:" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" aria-label="Open/close menu" aria-controls="mainMenuResposive" name="menu-button" role="button"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </a> <nav class="main navbar navbar-default navbar-we-mega-menu mobile-collapse hover-action" data-menu-name="main" data-block-theme="enisaweb" data-style="Default" data-animation="None" data-delay="" data-duration="" data-autoarrow="" data-alwayshowsubmenu="" data-action="hover" data-mobile-collapse="0" aria-label="ENISA main menu" id="mainMenuResposive"> <div class="container-fluid"> <ul class="we-mega-menu-ul nav nav-tabs"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li justify dropdown-menu" title="" data-level="0" data-element-type="" data-id="320e2c86-310b-4f7b-a4a9-188df34c3e43" data-submenu="1" data-hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-caption="" data-alignsub="justify" data-target="" data-icon="" > <span class="we-megamenu-nolink"> Topics</span> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="1"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="enisaweb_topics" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div id="block-enisaweb-topics" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentec3f1f7d-35d4-4776-a03c-7f97a2fcfc8f"> <p class="title"><a href="/topics" target="_self" title="Access to All Topics page">Topics</a></p> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Learn more about the topics</p><p><a class="button" href="/topics" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5f4db810-e19d-49a4-baaa-86ec782eb91e" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="All topics page">Access</a></p></div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="enisaweb_views_block__topics_tax_block_1" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blocktopics-tax-block-1" id="block-enisaweb-views-block-topics-tax-block-1"> <p class="title"><a href="/audience/national-eu-authorities" target="_self" title="Access to For National / EU authorities page">For National / EU authorities</a></p> <div data-block="nav_main"><div class="view view-topics-tax view-id-topics_tax view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-f3b396ef5e2c583357850750d74af7f8cd68ba4799e4abcf1def4c7b6081de10"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li><a href="/topics/cyber-threats" hreflang="en">Cyber Threats</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/eu-incident-response-and-cyber-crisis-management" hreflang="en">EU incident response and cyber crisis management</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/market" hreflang="en">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/product-security-and-certification" hreflang="en">Product Security and Certification</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/risk-management" hreflang="en">Risk Management</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/skills-and-competences" hreflang="en">Skills and competences</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/state-of-cybersecurity-in-the-eu" hreflang="en">State of cybersecurity in the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/vulnerability-disclosure" hreflang="en">Vulnerability Disclosure</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="enisaweb_views_block__topics_tax_block_2" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div class="views-element-container title block block-views block-views-blocktopics-tax-block-2" id="block-enisaweb-views-block-topics-tax-block-2"> <p class="title"><a href="/audience/private-sector" target="_self" title="Access to Private Sector page">Private Sector</a></p> <div data-block="nav_main"><div class="view view-topics-tax view-id-topics_tax view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-b70e303bee3e8d2420d8ac152b2959ff12a4189c4322ab54bca4280b7dadd420"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li><a href="/topics/artificial-intelligence-and-next-gen-technologies" hreflang="en">Artificial Intelligence and Next Gen Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/awareness-and-cyber-hygiene" hreflang="en">Awareness and Cyber Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/certification-and-standards" hreflang="en">Certification and Standards</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/cyber-threats" hreflang="en">Cyber Threats</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/cybersecurity-of-critical-sectors" hreflang="en">Cybersecurity of Critical Sectors</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/digital-identity-and-data-protection" hreflang="en">Digital Identity and Data Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/incident-management" hreflang="en">Incident management</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/risk-management" hreflang="en">Risk Management</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/skills-and-competences-for-companies" hreflang="en">Skills and competences (for companies)</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/vulnerability-disclosure" hreflang="en">Vulnerability Disclosure</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span3" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="3" data-block="enisaweb_views_block__topics_tax_block_3" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div class="views-element-container title block block-views block-views-blocktopics-tax-block-3" id="block-enisaweb-views-block-topics-tax-block-3"> <p class="title"><a href="/audience/citizens" target="_self" title="Access to Citizens page">Citizens</a></p> <div data-block="nav_main"><div class="view view-topics-tax view-id-topics_tax view-display-id-block_3 js-view-dom-id-c52786f19f8a38dee514db6ab6abe71a44ea762d7eed6fb137eedc108d65519b"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li><a href="/topics/cyber-hygiene" hreflang="en">Cyber Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/cyber-incident-awareness" hreflang="en">Cyber Incident Awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/education-and-career-path" hreflang="en">Education and career path</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li" title="Access to all publications" data-level="0" data-element-type="" data-id="2d24a690-803d-44ad-8d7e-8cf0eb7d0e40" data-submenu="0" data-hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="_self" data-icon="" > <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/publications" target="_self"> Publications </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu" title="" data-level="0" data-element-type="" data-id="54b069d8-f99f-45e7-9d50-9345e82ad14f" data-submenu="1" data-hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="" data-icon="" > <span class="we-megamenu-nolink"> Newsroom & Events</span> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="1"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" data-block="enisaweb_news" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div id="block-enisaweb-news" class="block block-block-content block-block-content00f65cb0-e1b0-41a1-8a0d-00ce6ced0f0e"> <p class="title"><a href="/news" target="_self" title="Access to All News">News</a></p> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Cybersecurity in focus: News & updates from ENISA</p><p><a class="button" href="/news" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="088dd847-33ff-4c8e-b094-f0d38a66bbdd" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="All News page">Access</a></p></div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" data-block="enisaweb_events" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div id="block-enisaweb-events" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentb3c06780-f342-437d-9828-54fe86eb9786"> <p class="title"><a href="/events" target="_self" title="Access to All Events">Events</a></p> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Cybersecurity in practice: Events & Workshops by ENISA</p><p><a class="button" href="/events" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="34f66c6d-0f07-4977-85e3-e8578a59d59c" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="All Events page">Access</a></p></div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" data-block="enisaweb_pressoffice" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div id="block-enisaweb-pressoffice" class="block block-system block-system-menu-blockpress-office"> <p class="title"><a href="/press-office" target="_self" title="Access to Press office page">Press office</a></p> <ul data-block="nav_main" class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/press-office/corporate-identity" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11030">Corporate identity</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/press-office/cybersecurity-material" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11031">Cybersecurity material</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/form/seek-an-expert" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="webform/seek_an_expert">Seek an expert or Request a speaker</a> </li> </ul> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu" title="" data-level="0" data-element-type="" data-id="eaba29ce-6446-4da3-930a-c3d97495f00b" data-submenu="1" data-hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="" data-icon="" > <span class="we-megamenu-nolink"> About</span> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="1"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" data-block="enisaweb_whatwedosubmenubutton_2" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div id="block-enisaweb-whatwedosubmenubutton-2" class="block block-block-content block-block-contente0a96203-1eca-4991-9533-33064cace452"> <p class="title"><a href="/about-enisa/what-we-do" target="_self" title="Access to What we do page">What we do</a></p> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Achieving a high common level of cybersecurity across Europe</p><p><a class="button" href="/about-enisa/what-we-do" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0619d110-d4dc-4f6b-aa0d-9a56252da07d" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="What we do page">Access</a></p></div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" data-block="enisaweb_whatwedosubmenu_2" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div id="block-enisaweb-whatwedosubmenu-2" class="block block-block-content block-block-content99599d89-56f7-43f1-907b-72614045018d"> <p class="title"><a href="/about-enisa/who-we-are" target="_self" title="Access to Who we are page">Who we are</a></p> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Towards a Trusted and Cyber Secure Europe </p><p><a class="button" href="/about-enisa/who-we-are" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3c46c210-298c-472c-b871-b167dfe2642c" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Who we are page">Access</a></p></div> </div></div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" data-block="enisaweb_transparency" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div id="block-enisaweb-transparency" class="block block-system block-system-menu-blocktransparency"> <p class="title"><a href="/about-enisa/How-we-work" target="_self" title="Access to How we work page">How we work</a></p> <ul data-block="nav_main" class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about-enisa/accounting-finance/accounting-finance" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17339">Accounting and Finance</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about-enisa/procedures-and-policies" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17360">Policies and Procedures</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about-enisa/data-protection/data-protection" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17346">Data Protection</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about-enisa/transparency" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17404">Transparency</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/enisa-a-climate-neutral-agency" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18893">ENISA, a climate neutral agency </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="1"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12 transversal-menu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-block="enisaweb_transversaloptionsofaboutmenu" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class="transversal-menu"> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div id="block-enisaweb-transversaloptionsofaboutmenu" class="block block-system block-system-menu-blocktransversal-options-about-menu"> <ul data-block="nav_main" class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/topics/state-of-cybersecurity-in-the-eu/cybersecurity-policies/policy-observatory" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17484">Policy observatory</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li dropdown-menu" title="" data-level="0" data-element-type="" data-id="44fbec5d-1aaf-4cb3-b06b-a79b571ad50c" data-submenu="1" data-hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-caption="" data-alignsub="" data-target="" data-icon="" > <span class="we-megamenu-nolink"> Working with us</span> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="" data-class="" style="width: px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="1"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span4" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="4" data-block="enisaweb_workwithenisa" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div id="block-enisaweb-workwithenisa" class="block block-block-content block-block-content86d5ce2f-abc2-4160-afda-442fe2c68258"> <p class="title"><a href="/working-with-us/working-for-enisa" target="_self" title="Access to Working for ENISA page">Working for ENISA</a></p> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Explore the benefits of working for ENISA</p><p><a class="button" href="/working-with-us/working-for-enisa" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f10da531-46ad-49f6-84cb-0770c69d839e" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Work with ENISA page">Access</a></p></div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span8" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="8" data-block="enisaweb_workingwithus" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div id="block-enisaweb-workingwithus" class="title block block-system block-system-menu-blockworking-with-us"> <p class="title"><a href="/work-with-us" target="_self" title="Access to Working with us page">Working with us</a></p> <ul data-block="nav_main" class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/careers" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/12487">Careers</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/working-with-us/procurement" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17421">Procurement</a> </li> </ul> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <p class="btn-search"> <a href="javascript:" title="Show the search field">Search</a> </p> <div class="search-form-wrapper" aria-label="Search field"> <div class="region region-nav-additional"> <div id="block-enisaweb-search" class="block block-block-content block-block-content8aa16f51-855f-41da-a3e7-a38e954a15b6"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="search-block-form contextual-region block block-search container-inline" data-drupal-selector="search-block-form" id="block-enisaweb-search-form" role="search"><div class="contextual" data-contextual-id="block:block=enisaweb_search:langcode=en" data-contextual-token="S6pjfYIf4E7lYSnOGjvBizH9RyjrxyfFPxclLSTGUQE" data-drupal-ajax-container data-once="contextual-render"><p><button class="trigger focusable visually-hidden" type="button" aria-pressed="false">Open configuration options</button></p><ul class="contextual-links" hidden><li><a href="/web/admin/structure/block/manage/enisaweb_search?destination=/web/node">Configure block</a></li><li><a href="/web/admin/structure/block/manage/enisaweb_search/delete?destination=/web/node">Remove block</a></li></ul></div><form data-block="nav_additional" action="/search" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div class="js-form-item form-item js-form-type-search form-type-search js-form-item-keys form-item-keys form-no-label"><label class="visually-hidden" for="edit-keys">Search</label> <input class="form-search form-control" title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." data-drupal-selector="edit-keys" type="search" id="edit-keys" name="keys" value size="15" maxlength="128"></div><div class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" id="edit-actions-search"><button class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn-enisa btn-primary" data-drupal-selector="edit-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" value="Search">Search</button></div></form></div></div> </div> </div> <p class="btn-close-search"><a href="javascript:" title="Hide the search field">Close</a></p> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main" class="container-full image-banner"> <div class="title-breadcrumbs container"> <div id="block-enisaweb-page-title" class="block block-core block-page-title-block"> <h1>Cybersecurity of Critical Sectors</h1> </div> <div class="region region-breadcrumb"> <div id="block-enisaweb-breadcrumbs" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <nav aria-label="breadcrumb"> <p id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</p> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/" aria-label="Access to ">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/topics" aria-label="Access to ">Topics</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> Cybersecurity of Critical Sectors </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main container container-taxonomy"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="container"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div class="row g-0 publications-list-section"> <div class="sidebar-first order-lg-1 col-12 col-lg-3"> <div class="topic-content-wrapper"> <h2 class="paragraph">Content</h2> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockcontent-for-topics-block-1" id="block-enisaweb-views-block-content-for-topics-block-1"> <div data-block="content"><div class="more-content-wrapper view view-content-for-topics view-id-content_for_topics view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-acdc904901f7f474b7bf8da2d3aaf826ce339b678eefa6d634e758a3564f768f"> <div class="view-content"> <div> <ul class="more-content"> <li><a href="/topics/cybersecurity-of-critical-sectors/transport" hreflang="en">Transport </a></li> <li><a href="/topics/cybersecurity-of-critical-sectors/health" hreflang="en">Health </a></li> <li><a href="/topics/cybersecurity-of-critical-sectors/energy" hreflang="en">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/cybersecurity-of-critical-sectors/telecom-sector-and-digital-infrastructure" hreflang="en">Telecom sector and Digital Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/topics/cybersecurity-of-critical-sectors/finance" hreflang="en">Finance</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-wrapper order-lg-2 col-12 col-lg-9"> <div id="block-enisaweb-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-taxonomy-term view-id-taxonomy_term view-display-id-page_1 js-view-dom-id-fd635becb71af20370a171b71aab55e55eb2e54946660486ddd7b6610610f1ac"> <div class="view-header"> <div id="taxonomy-term-528" class="taxonomy-term vocabulary-topics"> <div class="content-description row"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-7 tax-description"> <div class="quote-wrapper"> <p>Advancing cybersecurity and resilience of the Union鈥檚 critical infrastructure. </p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-5 tax-video"> <iframe title="Critical Infrastructures and Services" width="560" height="315" src="https://videos.enisa.europa.eu/videos/embed/d1f3bb74-99ba-42ec-b113-667c4cf8b9d6" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups"></iframe> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 tax-content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The updated NIS2 Directive, focuses on enhancing the resilience of critical sectors across the EU by tightening cybersecurity requirements to ensure the security and continuity of essential services in the face of escalating digital threats.<br>The NIS2 Directive has a broadened scope to additional sectors and entities vital to the EU's economy and society. Organisations are classified according to factors such as size, sector and criticality. They fall into two categories: essential and important entities.<br><br><strong>Highly critical sectors in scope are: </strong></p><ul><li>Digital infrastructures (electronic communications, trust services, domain name services, top level domain registries, cloud services, data centers, internet exchange points, content delivery networks);</li><li>Energy (electricity, district heating, oil, gas and hydrogen);</li><li>Transport (air, rail, water, road);</li><li>Banking and Financial market infrastructures;</li><li>Health (healthcare providers, EU reference labs, research and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals and medical devices);</li><li>Drinking water and waste water;</li><li>Public administrations;</li><li>Space.</li></ul><p><strong>Other critical sectors in scope are: </strong></p><ul><li>Postal and courier services;</li><li>Waste management;</li><li>Manufacture, production and distribution of chemicals;</li><li>Manufacturing;</li><li>Digital providers;</li><li>Research.</li></ul><p>Alongside the provisions of the NIS2, new requirements have been introduced from other key horizontal and sector-specific legislations, such as the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) and the Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA).<br>ENISA developed a NIS2 awareness campaign the effort to further support organisations and authorities in adhering with the provisions of the NIS 2 Directive. The purpose of this informative material and resources is to educate businesses and competent authorities by providing a comprehensive overview of the Directive鈥檚 requirements, illustrating how it affects them.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="related-content-section"> <div class="container"> <h2>Related content</h2> <div id="block-enisaweb-blocktabsrelatedcontenttaxonomy" class="block block-blocktabs block-blocktabs-blockrelated-content-taxonomy"> <div id="blocktabs-related_content_taxonomy" class="blocktabs click default" > <ul> <li><a href="#blocktabs-related_content_taxonomy-1">Publications</a></li> <li><a href="#blocktabs-related_content_taxonomy-2">Events</a></li> <li><a href="#blocktabs-related_content_taxonomy-3">News</a></li> </ul> <div id="blocktabs-related_content_taxonomy-1"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="publications-list grid2x view view-related-content-taxonomy view-id-related_content_taxonomy view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-7f804ca0e7f11cf4806132b7d1e01716d2127de268f83399a4cda84b7541ee9a"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="publications-item"><div class="publication-image"><a href='/publications/low-earth-orbit-leo-satcom-cybersecurity-assessment' title='Access to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) SATCOM Cybersecurity Assessment'> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/low-earth-orbit-leo-satcom-cybersecurity-assessment.png?itok=HP466bg2" width="71" height="100" class="img-fluid image-style-thumbnail" /> </a></div> <div class="publication-content"> <h3><a href='/publications/low-earth-orbit-leo-satcom-cybersecurity-assessment' title='Access to the content '>Low Earth Orbit (LEO) SATCOM Cybersecurity Assessment</a></h3> <p class="metadata"> <span class="date"><time datetime="2024-02-15T01:00:00+01:00" title="Thursday, February 15, 2024 - 01:00" class="datetime">February 15, 2024</time> </span> </p> <div class="content">This report explores the cybersecurity of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations providing telecommunications services (LEO satcom). Examining various threats and risks-technical, financial, or commercial the landscape of potential attacks is vast.</div> <div class="related-topics"> </div> </div></div> <div class="publications-item"><div class="publication-image"><a href='/publications/undersea-cables' title='Access to Undersea cables'> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/undersea-cables.png?itok=rrABUTGO" width="70" height="100" class="img-fluid image-style-thumbnail" /> </a></div> <div class="publication-content"> <h3><a href='/publications/undersea-cables' title='Access to the content '>Undersea cables</a></h3> <p class="metadata"> <span class="date"><time datetime="2023-08-31T02:00:00+02:00" title="Thursday, August 31, 2023 - 02:00" class="datetime">August 31, 2023</time> </span> </p> <div class="content"><p>This report aims to follow up with detailed technical guidelines for national authorities and to support them with the technical aspects of the supervision of undersea cables and their associated infrastructure, including landing stations and cable net</p></div> <div class="related-topics"> </div> </div></div> <div class="publications-item"><div class="publication-image"><a href='/publications/health-threat-landscape' title='Access to Health Threat Landscape'> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/health-threat-landscape.png?itok=NJC0Spjh" width="71" height="100" class="img-fluid image-style-thumbnail" /> </a></div> <div class="publication-content"> <h3><a href='/publications/health-threat-landscape' title='Access to the content '>Health Threat Landscape</a></h3> <p class="metadata"> <span class="date"><time datetime="2023-07-05T02:00:00+02:00" title="Wednesday, July 5, 2023 - 02:00" class="datetime">July 05, 2023</time> </span> </p> <div class="content">This is the first analysis conducted by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) of the cyber threat landscape of the health sector in the EU.</div> <div class="related-topics"> </div> </div></div> <div class="publications-item"><div class="publication-image"><a href='/publications/good-practices-for-supply-chain-cybersecurity' title='Access to Good Practices for Supply Chain Cybersecurity'> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/images/good-practices-for-supply-chain-cybersecurity.png?itok=vXvv661z" width="71" height="100" class="img-fluid image-style-thumbnail" /> </a></div> <div class="publication-content"> <h3><a href='/publications/good-practices-for-supply-chain-cybersecurity' title='Access to the content '>Good Practices for Supply Chain Cybersecurity</a></h3> <p class="metadata"> <span class="date"><time datetime="2023-06-13T02:00:00+02:00" title="Tuesday, June 13, 2023 - 02:00" class="datetime">June 13, 2023</time> </span> </p> <div class="content"><p>The report provides an overview of the current supply chain cybersecurity practices followed by essential and important entities in the EU, based on the results of a 2022 ENISA study which focused on investments of cybersecurity budgets among organisat</p></div> <div class="related-topics"> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p><a href="/publications?f[0]=topics%3A528#contentList" class="btn-all">BROWSE ALL PUBLICATIONS</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="blocktabs-related_content_taxonomy-2"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="events-for view view-related-content-taxonomy view-id-related_content_taxonomy view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-4eacf223e937c70c51b6dafad1b42e171a7b058339e86f45a69a1c818640c3c5"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-events-for"><div class="card-event"> <h3 class="event-title"><a href="/events/7th-e-dso-ee-isac-encs-enisa-cybersecurity-forum" hreflang="en">7th E.DSO/EE-ISAC/ENCS/ENISA Cybersecurity Forum</a></h3> <p class="event-date"> <span class="year">2024</span> <span class="month">Oct 1</span> </p> </div></div> <div class="item-events-for"><div class="card-event"> <h3 class="event-title"><a href="/events/9th-enisa-ehealth-security-conference" hreflang="en">9th ENISA eHealth Security Conference</a></h3> <p class="event-date"> <span class="year">2024</span> <span class="month">Nov 6</span> </p> </div></div> <div class="item-events-for"><div class="card-event"> <h3 class="event-title"><a href="/events/4th-era-enisa-conference-on-cybersecurity-in-railways-1" hreflang="en">4th ERA-ENISA Conference on Cybersecurity in Railways</a></h3> <p class="event-date"> <span class="year">2024</span> <span class="month">Oct 2</span> </p> </div></div> <div class="item-events-for"><div class="card-event"> <h3 class="event-title"><a href="/events/events/7th-ehealth-security-conference" hreflang="en">7th eHealth Security Conference</a></h3> <p class="event-date"> <span class="year">2022</span> <span class="month">Oct 10</span> </p> </div></div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p><a href="/events?f[0]=topics%3A528#contentList" class="btn-all">BROWSE ALL EVENTS</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="blocktabs-related_content_taxonomy-3"><div class="views-element-container"><div class="enisa-cards-wrapper tabs col2x view view-related-content-taxonomy view-id-related_content_taxonomy view-display-id-block_3 js-view-dom-id-0897d0f846cb6e558b8567ae3fdba4b3be00f4e2cb1bcfe6bbbc7b5e749cb56a"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="enisa-card"><h3><a href="/news/from-cyber-to-outer-space-a-guide-to-securing-commercial-satellite-operations" hreflang="en">From Cyber to Outer Space: A Guide to Securing Commercial Satellite Operations</a></h3> <p class="metadata"> <span>Press Release</span> <span class="date"><time datetime="2025-03-26T09:01:55+01:00" title="Wednesday, March 26, 2025 - 09:01" class="datetime">March 26, 2025</time> </span> </p> <div class="related-topics"> </div> <div class="content"> <p>The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) explores the cybersecurity threat landscape of space to strengthen the resilience of commercial satellites.</p> </div></div> <div class="enisa-card"><h3><a href="/news/proposed-enisa-role-to-safeguard-cybersecurity-of-health-sector" hreflang="en">Proposed ENISA role to safeguard cybersecurity of health sector </a></h3> <p class="metadata"> <span>News Item</span> <span class="date"><time datetime="2025-01-21T16:24:14+01:00" title="Tuesday, January 21, 2025 - 16:24" class="datetime">January 21, 2025</time> </span> </p> <div class="related-topics"> </div> <div class="content"> <p>The EU Agency for Cybersecurity, ENISA welcomes the EU Action Plan for the cybersecurity of hospitals and healthcare providers proposed on 15 January.</p> </div></div> <div class="enisa-card"><h3><a href="/news/eu-financial-entities-cybersecurity-upgrade-dora-is-now-alive-and-kicking" hreflang="en">EU financial entities cybersecurity upgrade: DORA is now alive and kicking</a></h3> <p class="metadata"> <span>News Item</span> <span class="date"><time datetime="2025-01-17T16:45:43+01:00" title="Friday, January 17, 2025 - 16:45" class="datetime">January 17, 2025</time> </span> </p> <div class="related-topics"> </div> <div class="content"> <p>The Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) becomes binding as of today for all financial entities across the EU.</p> </div></div> <div class="enisa-card"><h3><a href="/news/asking-for-your-feedback-enisa-technical-guidance-for-the-cybersecurity-measures-of-the-nis2-implementing-act" hreflang="en">Asking for your feedback: ENISA technical guidance for the cybersecurity measures of the NIS2 Implementing Act</a></h3> <p class="metadata"> <span>News Item</span> <span class="date"><time datetime="2024-11-07T15:54:00+01:00" title="Thursday, November 7, 2024 - 15:54" class="datetime">November 07, 2024</time> </span> </p> <div class="related-topics"> </div> <div class="content"> <p>We are inviting industry stakeholders to provide comments on the technical guidance for the NIS2 implementing act on cybersecurity measures for critical entities in the digital infrastructure sector.</p> </div></div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p><a href="/news?f[0]=topics%3A528#contentList" class="btn-all">BROWSE ALL NEWS</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </main> <footer class="mt-auto enisa-footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-3"> <div id="block-enisaweb-enisalogos" class="block block-block-content block-block-content2195446e-db39-496e-a33e-1eefa17fd80e"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="enisa-logo"><img src="/themes/custom/enisaweb/images/enisa-logo-white.svg" alt="ENISA, European Union Agency for Cybersecurity" width="220" height="150" fetchpriority="high" class="align-left" loading="lazy"><p><em>A Trusted and Cyber Secure Europe</em></p></div><div class="agencies-network-logo"><img src="/themes/custom/enisaweb/images/agencies-network.png" alt="Agencies network logo" width="39" height="36" fetchpriority="high" class="align-left" loading="lazy"><p><a href="https://agencies-network.europa.eu/index_en" target="_blank">EU Agencies Network</a></p></div></div> </div> <div id="block-enisaweb-socialmedialinks" class="block-social-media-links block block-social-media-links-block"> <p>Follow us on</p> <ul class="social-media-links--platforms platforms vertical"> <li> <a class="social-media-link-icon--youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ENISAvideos" target="_blank" > <span class='fab fa-youtube fa-2x'></span> <span class="platform-name">Youtube</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="social-media-link-icon--twitter" href="https://x.com/enisa_eu" target="_blank" > <span class='fab fa-x-twitter fa-2x'></span> <span class="platform-name">X</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="social-media-link-icon--linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/european-union-agency-for-cybersecurity-enisa/" target="_blank" > <span class='fab fa-linkedin fa-2x'></span> <span class="platform-name">LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="social-media-link-icon--facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ENISAEUAGENCY" target="_blank" > <span class='fab fa-facebook fa-2x'></span> <span class="platform-name">Facebook</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-3 border-left"> <nav aria-labelledby="block-enisaweb-contactus-menu" id="block-enisaweb-contactus" class="block block-menu navigation menu--contact-us"> <p id="block-enisaweb-contactus-menu">Contact us</p> <ul data-block="footer" class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about-enisa/contact/contact" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17344">Contacts</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/form/contact-form" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="webform/contact_form">General queries</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/form/recruitment-inquiries-form" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="webform/recruitment_inquiries_form">Public Procurement</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/form/media-inquiries" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="webform/media_inquiries">Media inquiries</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-3 border-left"> <div id="block-enisaweb-findoutaboutus" class="block block-system block-system-menu-blockfind-out-about-us"> <p>Find out about us</p> <ul data-block="footer" class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/accessibility-statement" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18887">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about-enisa/legal-notice/legal-notice" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17355">Legal Notice</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about-enisa/data-protection/data-protection" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17346">Data Protection</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about-enisa/cookies" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17345">Cookies</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/sitemap" target="_blank" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="sitemap">Sitemap</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-3 border-left"> <div id="block-enisaweb-pageofinterest" class="block block-system block-system-menu-blockpage-of-interest"> <p>Page of interest</p> <ul data-block="footer" class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/publications" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="publications">Publications </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/press-office" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11033">Press Office</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/digital-tools" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="digital-tools">Digital Tools</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/work-with-us" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11443">Working with us</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a href="/about-enisa/public-access-to-documents" class="nav-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/17363">Public access to documents</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line"></div> <div class="copy container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-lg-6 alignleft"> <div id="block-enisaweb-copyrightfooter" class="block block-block-content block-block-content0f0b270e-cc5d-448c-a771-6cc7c0621340"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>漏 <script>document.write(/\d{4}/.exec(Date())[0])</script> by the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity</p></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-12 col-lg-6 alignright"> <div id="block-enisaweb-enisadescriptionfooter" class="block block-block-content block-block-content2b4d8729-4032-4438-ba87-1a58fbc364db"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>ENISA is an agency of the European Union</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="#" id="totop" class="totop"><span class="sr-only">Go to top</span></a></p> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"taxonomy\/term\/528","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"eu_cookie_compliance":{"cookie_policy_version":"1.0.0","popup_enabled":true,"popup_agreed_enabled":false,"popup_hide_agreed":false,"popup_clicking_confirmation":false,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--opt-in\u0022 aria-label=\u0022Cookies popup\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EThis site uses cookies. Visit our \u003Ca href=\u0022\/about-enisa\/cookies\u0022 data-entity-type=\u0022node\u0022 data-entity-uuid=\u002277d123e2-b6d7-4927-9f7a-3285c69c4811\u0022 data-entity-substitution=\u0022canonical\u0022 title=\u0022Cookies\u0022\u003Ecookies policy page\u003C\/a\u003E or click the link in any footer for more information and to change your preferences.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button button button--small\u0022\u003EAccept all cookies\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022decline-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button button button--small button--primary\u0022\u003EAccept only essential cookies\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-banner eu-cookie-compliance-banner-info eu-cookie-compliance-banner--opt-in\u0022 aria-label=\u0022Cookies popup\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button button button--small\u0022\u003EAccept all cookies\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022decline-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button button button--small button--primary\u0022\u003EAccept only essential cookies\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":768,"popup_html_agreed":false,"popup_use_bare_css":false,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":1000,"popup_link":"\/about-enisa\/cookies","popup_link_new_window":true,"popup_position":false,"fixed_top_position":true,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":true,"better_support_for_screen_readers":true,"cookie_name":"","reload_page":false,"domain":"","domain_all_sites":false,"popup_eu_only":false,"popup_eu_only_js":false,"cookie_lifetime":100,"cookie_session":0,"set_cookie_session_zero_on_disagree":0,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":false,"method":"opt_in","automatic_cookies_removal":true,"allowed_cookies":"","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy settings\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv aria-labelledby=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022 aria-label=\u0022Cookies popup\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info eu-cookie-compliance-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-message\u0022 role=\u0022document\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp\u003EYou have given your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-compliance-buttons\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button button button--small button--primary\u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","withdraw_enabled":false,"reload_options":0,"reload_routes_list":"","withdraw_button_on_info_popup":false,"cookie_categories":[],"cookie_categories_details":[],"enable_save_preferences_button":true,"cookie_value_disagreed":"0","cookie_value_agreed_show_thank_you":"1","cookie_value_agreed":"2","containing_element":"body","settings_tab_enabled":false,"olivero_primary_button_classes":" button button--small button--primary","olivero_secondary_button_classes":" button button--small","close_button_action":"close_banner","open_by_default":true,"modules_allow_popup":true,"hide_the_banner":false,"geoip_match":true},"csp":{"nonce":"cEZeFOTJjK8B2u3by6rXVA"},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"c9511060a33e7550414d29b48dd134e20400f046967560107574a3a2701eae5a"}}</script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.1"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.4.4"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.4.4"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.4.4"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/version-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/keycode-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/safe-active-element-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/unique-id-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widget-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/jquery_ui/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/tabs-min.js?v=1.13.2"></script> <script src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" defer></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/addtoany/js/addtoany.js?v=10.4.4"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/blocktabs/js/blocktabs.js?v=10.4.4"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/enisaweb/js/enisaweb.js?ste4et"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/enisaweb/js/nis2-directive.js?ste4et"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/eu_cookie_compliance/js/eu_cookie_compliance.min.js?v=10.4.4" defer></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/we_megamenu/assets/js/we_mobile_menu.js?v=1"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/we_megamenu/assets/js/we_megamenu_frontend.js?v=1"></script> <script async="" src="/themes/custom/enisaweb/js/application.js"></script>  <script data-diazo="analytics"> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ // _paq.push([function(){if (this.isUserOptedOut()) {this.disableCookies()}}]); _paq.push([function(){if (this.isUserOptedOut() || window.getCookie("accept_analytics") !== "1") {this.disableCookies()}}]); _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//analytics.enisa.europa.eu/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  </body> </html>