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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holographic_paradigm&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Holographic paradigm">Holographic paradigm</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Quantum interpretation of neuroscience</div> <p><b>Holonomic brain theory</b> is a branch of <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience" title="Neuroscience">neuroscience</a> investigating the idea that consciousness is formed by <a href="/wiki/Quantum_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum effects">quantum effects</a> in or between brain cells. Holonomic refers to representations in a <a href="/wiki/Hilbert_space" title="Hilbert space">Hilbert phase space</a> defined by both spectral and space-time coordinates.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holonomic brain theory is opposed<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> by traditional neuroscience, which investigates the brain's behavior by looking at patterns of neurons and the surrounding chemistry. </p><p>This specific theory of quantum consciousness was developed by neuroscientist <a href="/wiki/Karl_H._Pribram" title="Karl H. Pribram">Karl Pribram</a> initially in collaboration with physicist <a href="/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm">David Bohm</a> building on the initial theories of <a href="/wiki/Hologram" class="mw-redirect" title="Hologram">holograms</a> originally formulated by <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a>. It describes human <a href="/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition">cognition</a> by modeling the brain as a <a href="/wiki/Holographic_storage" class="mw-redirect" title="Holographic storage">holographic storage</a> network.<sup id="cite_ref-Forsdyke_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forsdyke-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Andrew_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrew-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pribram suggests these processes involve electric oscillations in the brain's fine-fibered dendritic webs, which are different from the more commonly known action potentials involving axons and synapses.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vandervert_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vandervert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These oscillations are waves and create <a href="/wiki/Wave_interference" title="Wave interference">wave interference</a> patterns in which memory is encoded naturally, and the <a href="/wiki/Wave_function" title="Wave function">wave function</a> may be analyzed by a <a href="/wiki/Fourier_transform" title="Fourier transform">Fourier transform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vandervert_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vandervert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Berger_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berger-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pribram2004_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram2004-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gabor, Pribram and others noted the similarities between these brain processes and the storage of information in a hologram, which can also be analyzed with a Fourier transform.<sup id="cite_ref-Forsdyke_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forsdyke-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gabor1972_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gabor1972-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a hologram, any part of the hologram with sufficient size contains the whole of the stored information. In this theory, a piece of a <a href="/wiki/Long-term_memory" title="Long-term memory">long-term memory</a> is similarly distributed over a dendritic arbor so that each part of the dendritic network contains all the information stored over the entire network.<sup id="cite_ref-Forsdyke_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forsdyke-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gabor1972_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gabor1972-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Borsellino_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borsellino-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This model allows for important aspects of human consciousness, including the fast associative <a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">memory</a> that allows for connections between different pieces of stored information and the <a href="/wiki/Distributed_representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed representation">non-locality</a> of memory storage (a specific memory is not stored in a specific location, i.e. a certain cluster of neurons).<sup id="cite_ref-Forsdyke_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forsdyke-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bokkon_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bokkon-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gabor1968_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gabor1968-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_development">Origins and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holonomic_brain_theory&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1946 <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a> invented the hologram mathematically, describing a system where an image can be reconstructed through information that is stored throughout the hologram.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He demonstrated that the information pattern of a three-dimensional object can be encoded in a beam of light, which is more-or-less two-dimensional. Gabor also developed a mathematical model for demonstrating a <a href="/wiki/Holographic_associative_memory" title="Holographic associative memory">holographic associative memory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Gabor's colleagues, Pieter Jacobus Van Heerden, also developed a related holographic mathematical memory model in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VanHeerden_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanHeerden-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This model contained the key aspect of non-locality, which became important years later when, in 1967, experiments by both <a href="/wiki/Valentino_Braitenberg" title="Valentino Braitenberg">Braitenberg</a> and Kirschfield showed that exact localization of memory in the brain was false.<sup id="cite_ref-Borsellino_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borsellino-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karl Pribram had worked with psychologist <a href="/wiki/Karl_Lashley" title="Karl Lashley">Karl Lashley</a> on Lashley's <a href="/wiki/Engram_(neuropsychology)" title="Engram (neuropsychology)">engram</a> experiments, which used lesions to determine the exact location of specific memories in primate brains.<sup id="cite_ref-Forsdyke_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forsdyke-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lashley made small lesions in the brains and found that these had little effect on memory. On the other hand, Pribram removed large areas of cortex, leading to multiple serious deficits in memory and cognitive function. Memories were not stored in a single neuron or exact location, but were spread over the entirety of a neural network. Lashley suggested that brain interference patterns could play a role in perception, but was unsure how such patterns might be generated in the brain or how they would lead to brain function.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram2011_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several years later an article by neurophysiologist <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)">John Eccles</a> described how a wave could be generated at the branching ends of pre-synaptic axons. Multiple of these waves could create interference patterns. Soon after, <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Leith" title="Emmett Leith">Emmett Leith</a> was successful in storing visual images through the interference patterns of laser beams, inspired by Gabor's previous use of Fourier transformations to store information within a hologram.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After studying the work of Eccles and that of Leith,<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram2011_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pribram put forward the hypothesis that memory might take the form of interference patterns that resemble laser-produced holograms.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, physicist David Bohm presented his ideas of holomovement and <a href="/wiki/Implicate_and_explicate_order" title="Implicate and explicate order">Implicate and explicate order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBohm1980_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBohm1980-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pribram became aware of Bohm's work in 1975<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and realized that, since a hologram could store information within patterns of interference and then recreate that information when activated, it could serve as a strong metaphor for brain function.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram2011_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pribram was further encouraged in this line of speculation by the fact that neurophysiologists Russell and Karen DeValois<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> together established "the spatial frequency encoding displayed by cells of the visual cortex was best described as a <a href="/wiki/Fourier_transform" title="Fourier transform">Fourier transform</a> of the input pattern."<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram86_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram86-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theory_overview">Theory overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holonomic_brain_theory&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Theory overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hologram_and_holonomy">Hologram and holonomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holonomic_brain_theory&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hologram and holonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hologram_optical_setup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hologram_optical_setup.jpg/220px-Hologram_optical_setup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hologram_optical_setup.jpg/330px-Hologram_optical_setup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Hologram_optical_setup.jpg/440px-Hologram_optical_setup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of one possible hologram setup.</figcaption></figure> <p>A main characteristic of a <a href="/wiki/Holography" title="Holography">hologram</a> is that every part of the stored information is distributed over the entire hologram.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrew_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrew-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both processes of storage and retrieval are carried out in a way described by <a href="/wiki/Fourier_transform" title="Fourier transform">Fourier transformation</a> equations.<sup id="cite_ref-Srivastava_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Srivastava-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As long as a part of the hologram is large enough to contain the <a href="/wiki/Interference_(wave_propagation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interference (wave propagation)">interference pattern</a>, that part can recreate the entirety of the stored image, but the image may have unwanted changes, called <a href="/wiki/Noise_(signal_processing)" title="Noise (signal processing)">noise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gabor1972_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gabor1972-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An analogy to this is the broadcasting region of a radio antenna. In each smaller individual location within the entire area it is possible to access every channel, similar to how the entirety of the information of a hologram is contained within a part.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another analogy of a hologram is the way sunlight illuminates objects in the visual field of an observer. It doesn't matter how narrow the beam of sunlight is. The beam always contains all the information of the object, and when conjugated by a lens of a <a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">camera</a> or the eyeball, produces the same full three-dimensional image. The Fourier transform formula converts spatial forms to spatial wave frequencies and vice versa, as all objects are in essence <a href="/wiki/Vibration" title="Vibration">vibratory</a> structures. Different types of lenses, acting similarly to <a href="/wiki/Lens_(optics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lens (optics)">optic lenses</a>, can alter the frequency nature of information that is transferred. </p><p>This non-locality of information storage within the hologram is crucial, because even if most parts are damaged, the entirety will be contained within even a single remaining part of sufficient size. <a href="/wiki/Karl_H._Pribram" title="Karl H. Pribram">Pribram</a> and others noted the similarities between an optical hologram and <a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">memory</a> storage in the human brain. According to the holonomic brain theory, memories are stored within certain general regions, but stored non-locally within those regions.<sup id="cite_ref-LH_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LH-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allows the brain to maintain function and memory even when it is damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrew_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrew-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Srivastava_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Srivastava-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baev_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baev-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is only when there exist no parts big enough to contain the whole that the memory is lost.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can also explain why some children retain normal intelligence when large portions of their brain—in some cases, half—are removed. It can also explain why memory is not lost when the brain is sliced in different cross-sections.<sup>[5]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holomouse2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Holomouse2.jpg/220px-Holomouse2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Holomouse2.jpg/330px-Holomouse2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Holomouse2.jpg/440px-Holomouse2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption>A single hologram can store 3D information in a 2D way. Such properties may explain some of the brain's abilities, including the ability to recognize objects at different angles and sizes than in the original stored memory.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pribram proposed that neural holograms were formed by the diffraction patterns of oscillating electric waves within the cortex.<sup id="cite_ref-Baev_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baev-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Representation occurs as a dynamical transformation in a distributed network of dendritic microprocesses.<sup id="cite_ref-Laurence_Erlbaum_Associates,_Inc_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laurence_Erlbaum_Associates,_Inc-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is important to note the difference between the idea of a holonomic brain and a holographic one. Pribram does not suggest that the brain functions as a single hologram. Rather, the waves within smaller neural networks create localized holograms within the larger workings of the brain.<sup id="cite_ref-Vandervert_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vandervert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This patch holography is called holonomy or windowed Fourier transformations. </p><p>A holographic model can also account for other features of memory that more traditional models cannot. <a href="/wiki/Hopfield_network" title="Hopfield network">The Hopfield memory model</a> has an early memory saturation point before which memory retrieval drastically slows and becomes unreliable.<sup id="cite_ref-Srivastava_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Srivastava-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, holographic memory models have much larger theoretical storage capacities. Holographic models can also demonstrate associative memory, store complex connections between different concepts, and resemble forgetting through "<a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">lossy storage</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synaptodendritic_web">Synaptodendritic web</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holonomic_brain_theory&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Synaptodendritic web"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blausen_0843_SynapseTypes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Blausen_0843_SynapseTypes.png/220px-Blausen_0843_SynapseTypes.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Blausen_0843_SynapseTypes.png/330px-Blausen_0843_SynapseTypes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Blausen_0843_SynapseTypes.png/440px-Blausen_0843_SynapseTypes.png 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>A few of the various types of synapses</figcaption></figure> <p>In classic brain theory the summation of electrical inputs to the <a href="/wiki/Dendrite" title="Dendrite">dendrites</a> and soma (cell body) of a <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neuron</a> either inhibit the neuron or excite it and set off an <a href="/wiki/Action_potential" title="Action potential">action potential</a> down the <a href="/wiki/Axon" title="Axon">axon</a> to where it <a href="/wiki/Synapse" title="Synapse">synapses</a> with the next neuron. However, this fails to account for different varieties of synapses beyond the traditional axodendritic (axon to dendrite). There is evidence for the existence of other kinds of synapses, including serial synapses and those between dendrites and soma and between different dendrites.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many synaptic locations are functionally bipolar, meaning they can both send and receive impulses from each neuron, distributing input and output over the entire group of dendrites.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Processes in this dendritic arbor, the network of teledendrons and dendrites, occur due to the oscillations of polarizations in the membrane of the fine-fibered dendrites, not due to the propagated nerve impulses associated with action potentials.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pribram posits that the length of the delay of an input signal in the dendritic arbor before it travels down the axon is related to mental awareness.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Persinger_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Persinger-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shorter the delay the more unconscious the action, while a longer delay indicates a longer period of awareness. A study by David Alkon showed that after unconscious <a href="/wiki/Classical_Conditioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Conditioning">Pavlovian conditioning</a> there was a proportionally greater reduction in the volume of the dendritic arbor, akin to synaptic elimination when experience increases the automaticity of an action.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pribram and others theorize that, while unconscious behavior is mediated by impulses through nerve circuits, conscious behavior arises from microprocesses in the dendritic arbor.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, the dendritic network is extremely complex, able to receive 100,000 to 200,000 inputs in a single tree, due to the large amount of branching and the many dendritic spines protruding from the branches.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, synaptic <a href="/wiki/Hyperpolarization_(biology)" title="Hyperpolarization (biology)">hyperpolarization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Depolarization" title="Depolarization">depolarization</a> remains somewhat isolated due to the resistance from the narrow dendritic spine stalk, allowing a polarization to spread without much interruption to the other spines. This spread is further aided intracellularly by the <a href="/wiki/Microtubules" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtubules">microtubules</a> and extracellularly by <a href="/wiki/Neuroglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroglia">glial cells</a>. These polarizations act as waves in the synaptodendritic network, and the existence of multiple waves at once gives rise to interference patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deep_and_surface_structure_of_memory">Deep and surface structure of memory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holonomic_brain_theory&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Deep and surface structure of memory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pribram suggests that there are two layers of cortical processing: a surface structure of separated and localized neural circuits and a deep structure of the dendritic arborization that binds the surface structure together. The deep structure contains distributed memory, while the surface structure acts as the retrieval mechanism.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Binding occurs through the temporal synchronization of the oscillating polarizations in the synaptodendritic web. It had been thought that binding only occurred when there was no phase lead or lag present, but a study by Saul and Humphrey found that cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus do in fact produce these.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here phase lead and lag act to enhance sensory discrimination, acting as a frame to capture important features.<sup id="cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pribram1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Filter_(signal_processing)" title="Filter (signal processing)">filters</a> are also similar to the lenses necessary for holographic functioning. </p><p>Pribram notes that holographic memories show large capacities, parallel processing and content addressability for rapid recognition, associative storage for perceptual completion and for associative recall.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In systems endowed with memory storage, these interactions therefore lead to progressively more self-determination.<sup id="cite_ref-Laurence_Erlbaum_Associates,_Inc_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laurence_Erlbaum_Associates,_Inc-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_studies">Recent studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holonomic_brain_theory&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Recent studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Pribram originally developed the holonomic brain theory as an analogy for certain brain processes, several papers (including some more recent ones by Pribram himself) have proposed that the similarity between hologram and certain brain functions is more than just metaphorical, but actually structural.<sup id="cite_ref-Bokkon_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bokkon-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Persinger_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Persinger-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others still maintain that the relationship is only analogical.<sup id="cite_ref-Velmans_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Velmans-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several studies have shown that the same series of operations used in holographic memory models are performed in certain processes concerning temporal memory and <a href="/wiki/Optomotor_response" title="Optomotor response">optomotor responses</a>. This indicates at least the possibility of the existence of neurological structures with certain holonomic properties.<sup id="cite_ref-Borsellino_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borsellino-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other studies have demonstrated the possibility that <a href="/wiki/Biophoton" title="Biophoton">biophoton</a> emission (biological electrical signals that are converted to weak electromagnetic waves in the visible range) may be a necessary condition for the electric activity in the brain to store holographic images.<sup id="cite_ref-Bokkon_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bokkon-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These may play a role in cell communication and certain brain processes including sleep, but further studies are needed to strengthen current ones.<sup id="cite_ref-Persinger_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Persinger-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other studies have shown the correlation between more advanced cognitive function and <a href="/wiki/Homeothermy" title="Homeothermy">homeothermy</a>. Taking holographic brain models into account, this temperature regulation would reduce distortion of the signal waves, an important condition for holographic systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Bokkon_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bokkon-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See: Computation approach in terms of holographic codes and processing.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_and_alternative_models">Criticism and alternative models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holonomic_brain_theory&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Criticism and alternative models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pribram's holonomic model of brain function did not receive widespread attention at the time, but other quantum models have been developed since, including brain dynamics by Jibu & Yasue and Vitiello's dissipative quantum brain dynamics. Though not directly related to the holonomic model, they continue to move beyond approaches based solely in classic brain theory.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrew_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrew-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bokkon_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bokkon-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Correlograph">Correlograph</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holonomic_brain_theory&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Correlograph"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1969 scientists D. Wilshaw, O. P. Buneman and <a href="/wiki/H._Christopher_Longuet-Higgins" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Christopher Longuet-Higgins">H. Longuet-Higgins</a> proposed an alternative, non-holographic model that fulfilled many of the same requirements as Gabor's original holographic model. The Gabor model did not explain how the brain could use Fourier analysis on incoming signals or how it would deal with the low signal-noise ratio in reconstructed memories. Longuet-Higgin's correlograph model built on the idea that any system could perform the same functions as a Fourier holograph if it could correlate pairs of patterns. It uses minute pinholes that do not produce diffraction patterns to create a similar reconstruction as that in Fourier holography.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrew_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrew-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like a hologram, a discrete correlograph can recognize displaced patterns and store information in a parallel and non-local way so it usually will not be destroyed by localized damage.<sup id="cite_ref-Willshaw_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willshaw-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They then expanded the model beyond the correlograph to an associative net where the points become parallel lines arranged in a grid. Horizontal lines represent axons of input neurons while vertical lines represent output neurons. Each intersection represents a modifiable synapse. Though this cannot recognize displaced patterns, it has a greater potential storage capacity. This was not necessarily meant to show how the brain is organized, but instead to show the possibility of improving on Gabor's original model.<sup id="cite_ref-Willshaw_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willshaw-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One property of the associative net that makes it attractive as a neural model is that good retrieval can be obtained even when some of the storage elements are damaged or when some of the components of the address are incorrect.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> P. Van Heerden countered this model by demonstrating mathematically that the signal-noise ratio of a hologram could reach 50% of ideal. He also used a model with a 2D neural hologram network for fast searching imposed upon a 3D network for large storage capacity. A key quality of this model was its flexibility to change the orientation and fix distortions of stored information, which is important for our ability to recognize an object as the same entity from different angles and positions, something the correlograph and association network models lack.<sup id="cite_ref-VanHeerden_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanHeerden-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holonomic_brain_theory&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gestalt_psychology" title="Gestalt psychology">Gestalt psychology</a> – Theory of perception</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestrated_objective_reduction" title="Orchestrated objective reduction">Orchestrated objective reduction</a> – Theory of a quantum origin of consciousness</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_cognition" title="Quantum cognition">Quantum cognition</a> – Application of quantum theory mathematics to cognitive phenomena</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mysticism" title="Quantum mysticism">Quantum mysticism</a> – Pseudoscience purporting to build on the principles of quantum mechanics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-organizing_map" title="Self-organizing map">Self-organizing map</a> – Machine learning technique useful for dimensionality reduction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparse_distributed_memory" title="Sparse distributed memory">Sparse distributed memory</a> – Mathematical model of memory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">Visual perception</a> – Ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holonomic_brain_theory&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPribram1991" class="citation book cs1">Pribram, Karl (1991). <i>Brain and Perception: Holonomy and Structure in Figural Processing</i>. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89859-995-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89859-995-4"><bdi>0-89859-995-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brain+and+Perception%3A+Holonomy+and+Structure+in+Figural+Processing&rft.pub=Lawrence+Erlbaum+Associates%2C+Inc&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-89859-995-4&rft.aulast=Pribram&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forsdyke-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forsdyke_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsdyke_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsdyke_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsdyke_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forsdyke_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForsdyke_D._R.2009" class="citation journal cs1">Forsdyke D. R. (2009). "Samuel Butler and human long term memory: Is the cupboard bare?". <i>Journal of Theoretical Biology</i>. <b>258</b> (1): 156–164. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JThBi.258..156F">2009JThBi.258..156F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jtbi.2009.01.028">10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.01.028</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19490862">19490862</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Theoretical+Biology&rft.atitle=Samuel+Butler+and+human+long+term+memory%3A+Is+the+cupboard+bare%3F&rft.volume=258&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=156-164&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19490862&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jtbi.2009.01.028&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009JThBi.258..156F&rft.au=Forsdyke+D.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrew-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_A._M.1997" class="citation journal cs1">Andrew A. M. (1997). "The decade of the brain - further thoughts". <i>Kybernetes</i>. <b>26</b> (3): 255–264. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2F03684929710163155">10.1108/03684929710163155</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kybernetes&rft.atitle=The+decade+of+the+brain+-+further+thoughts&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=255-264&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2F03684929710163155&rft.au=Andrew+A.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pribram1999-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1999_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPribram_K._H.,_Meade_S._D.1999" class="citation journal cs1">Pribram K. H., Meade S. D. (1999). "Conscious awareness: Processing in the synaptodendritic web". <i>New Ideas in Psychology</i>. <b>17</b> (3): 205–214. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0732-118X%2899%2900024-0">10.1016/S0732-118X(99)00024-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Ideas+in+Psychology&rft.atitle=Conscious+awareness%3A+Processing+in+the+synaptodendritic+web&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=205-214&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0732-118X%2899%2900024-0&rft.au=Pribram+K.+H.%2C+Meade+S.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pribram1998-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pribram1998_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPribram_K._H.1999" class="citation journal cs1">Pribram K. H. (1999). 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Pribram, karlhpribram.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DeValois and DeValois, 1980</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pribram86-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pribram86_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPribram1986">Pribram 1986</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Srivastava-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Srivastava_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Srivastava_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Srivastava_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrivastava_V.,_Edwards_S._F.2004" class="citation journal cs1">Srivastava V., Edwards S. F. (2004). "A mathematical model of capacious and efficient memory that survives trauma". <i>Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications</i>. <b>333</b> (1–4): 465–477. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PhyA..333..465S">2004PhyA..333..465S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.physa.2003.10.008">10.1016/j.physa.2003.10.008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physica+A%3A+Statistical+Mechanics+and+Its+Applications&rft.atitle=A+mathematical+model+of+capacious+and+efficient+memory+that+survives+trauma&rft.volume=333&rft.issue=1%E2%80%934&rft.pages=465-477&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.physa.2003.10.008&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004PhyA..333..465S&rft.au=Srivastava+V.%2C+Edwards+S.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LH-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LH_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLonguet-Higgins_H._C.1968" class="citation journal cs1">Longuet-Higgins H. 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(2012). 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Ross Books. pp. 354–359. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89496-016-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89496-016-4"><bdi>0-89496-016-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holography+Handbook%3A+Making+Holograms+The+Easy+Way&rft.pages=354-359&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Ross+Books&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-89496-016-4&rft.aulast=Unterseher&rft.aufirst=Fred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPribram1990" class="citation book cs1">Pribram, Karl (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://karlpribram.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/theory/T-173.pdf"><i>Prolegomenon for a Holonomic Brain Theory</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prolegomenon+for+a+Holonomic+Brain+Theory&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Pribram&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkarlpribram.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fpdf%2Ftheory%2FT-173.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shelli Joye (2020). <i>The Electromagnetic Brain: EM Field Theories on the Nature of Consciousness.</i> Inner Traditions, pp. 240-245. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9988785-6-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9988785-6-0">978-0-9988785-6-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Velmans-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Velmans_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVelmans_M2003" class="citation journal cs1">Velmans M (2003). "Is the world in the brain, or the brain in the world?". <i>Behavioral and Brain Sciences</i>. <b>26</b> (4): 427–429. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0140525x03420098">10.1017/s0140525x03420098</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142563034">142563034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+and+Brain+Sciences&rft.atitle=Is+the+world+in+the+brain%2C+or+the+brain+in+the+world%3F&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=427-429&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0140525x03420098&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142563034%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Velmans+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShlomi_DolevAriel2014" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shlomi_Dolev" title="Shlomi Dolev">Shlomi Dolev</a>; Ariel, Hanemann (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=LAOP-2014-LM2A.3">"Holographic "Brain" Memory and Computation"</a>. <i>Latin America Optics and Photonics</i>: 16–21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1364%2FLAOP.2014.LM2A.3">10.1364/LAOP.2014.LM2A.3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55752-825-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55752-825-4"><bdi>978-1-55752-825-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latin+America+Optics+and+Photonics&rft.atitle=Holographic+%22Brain%22+Memory+and+Computation&rft.pages=16-21&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1364%2FLAOP.2014.LM2A.3&rft.isbn=978-1-55752-825-4&rft.au=Shlomi+Dolev&rft.au=Ariel%2C+Hanemann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osapublishing.org%2Fabstract.cfm%3FURI%3DLAOP-2014-LM2A.3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Willshaw-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Willshaw_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Willshaw_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillshaw_D._J.Buneman_O._P.Longuet-Higgins_H._C.1969" class="citation journal cs1">Willshaw D. J.; Buneman O. P.; Longuet-Higgins H. C. (1969). "Non-holographic associative memory". <i>Nature</i>. <b>222</b> (5197): 960–962. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969Natur.222..960W">1969Natur.222..960W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F222960a0">10.1038/222960a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5789326">5789326</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27768997">27768997</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Non-holographic+associative+memory&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=5197&rft.pages=960-962&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F222960a0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27768997%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5789326&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969Natur.222..960W&rft.au=Willshaw+D.+J.&rft.au=Buneman+O.+P.&rft.au=Longuet-Higgins+H.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHintonAnderson1989" class="citation book cs1">Hinton, Geoffrey; Anderson, James (1989). <i>Parallel Models Of Associative Memory</i>. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. pp. 115–116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8058-0270-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8058-0270-3"><bdi>0-8058-0270-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Parallel+Models+Of+Associative+Memory&rft.pages=115-116&rft.pub=Lawrence+Erlbaum+Associates%2C+Inc&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-8058-0270-3&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.au=Anderson%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holonomic_brain_theory&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBohm1980" class="citation book cs1">Bohm, David (1980). <i><a href="/wiki/Wholeness_and_the_Implicate_Order" title="Wholeness and the Implicate Order">Wholeness and the Implicate Order</a></i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7100-0971-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7100-0971-2"><bdi>0-7100-0971-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wholeness+and+the+Implicate+Order&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-7100-0971-2&rft.aulast=Bohm&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPribram1986" class="citation journal cs1">Pribram, Karl (1986). "Holonomic Brain Theory In Imaging And Object Perception". <i>Acta Psychologica</i>. <b>63</b> (1–3): 175–210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0001-6918%2886%2990062-4">10.1016/0001-6918(86)90062-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3591432">3591432</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Psychologica&rft.atitle=Holonomic+Brain+Theory+In+Imaging+And+Object+Perception&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.pages=175-210&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0001-6918%2886%2990062-4&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3591432&rft.aulast=Pribram&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPribram1991" class="citation book cs1">Pribram, Karl (1991). <i>Brain and Perception: Holonomy and Structure in Figural Processing</i>. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brain+and+Perception%3A+Holonomy+and+Structure+in+Figural+Processing&rft.pub=Lawrence+Erlbaum+Associates&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Pribram&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holonomic_brain_theory&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation conference cs1">Aerts, Diedrick; Czachor, Marek; Sozzo, Sandro (2011). Privman, V.; Ovchinnikov, V. (eds.). <i>Quantum Interaction Approach in Cognition, Artificial Intelligence, and Robots</i>. IARIA, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Quantum, Nano and Micro Technologies. Brussels University Press. pp. 35–40. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1104.3345">1104.3345</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Quantum+Interaction+Approach+in+Cognition%2C+Artificial+Intelligence%2C+and+Robots&rft.pages=35-40&rft.pub=Brussels+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1104.3345&rft.aulast=Aerts&rft.aufirst=Diedrick&rft.au=Czachor%2C+Marek&rft.au=Sozzo%2C+Sandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Mishlove, Jeffrey (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060518075852/http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~sai/pribram.htm">"The Holographic Brain: Karl Pribram, Ph.D. interview"</a>. <i>TWM.co.nz</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~sai/pribram.htm">the original</a> on 2006-05-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-05-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TWM.co.nz&rft.atitle=The+Holographic+Brain%3A+Karl+Pribram%2C+Ph.D.+interview&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Mishlove&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepages.ihug.co.nz%2F~sai%2Fpribram.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Peruš, Mitja; Loo, Chu Kiong (2011). <i>Biological And Quantum Computing For Human Vision: Holonomic Models And Applications</i>. Medical Information Sciences Reference. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1615207855" title="Special:BookSources/978-1615207855"><bdi>978-1615207855</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biological+And+Quantum+Computing+For+Human+Vision%3A+Holonomic+Models+And+Applications&rft.pub=Medical+Information+Sciences+Reference&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1615207855&rft.aulast=Peru%C5%A1&rft.aufirst=Mitja&rft.au=Loo%2C+Chu+Kiong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Pribram, Karl (1993). <i>Rethinking Neural Networks: Quantum Fields And Biological Data</i>. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates and INNS Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rethinking+Neural+Networks%3A+Quantum+Fields+And+Biological+Data&rft.pub=Lawrence+Erlbaum+Associates+and+INNS+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Pribram&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Pribram, Karl (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4249%2Fscholarpedia.2735">"Holonomic brain theory"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Scholarpedia" title="Scholarpedia">Scholarpedia</a></i>. <b>2</b> (5). Washington, DC: <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>: 2735. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SchpJ...2.2735P">2007SchpJ...2.2735P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4249%2Fscholarpedia.2735">10.4249/scholarpedia.2735</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scholarpedia&rft.atitle=Holonomic+brain+theory&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=2735&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4249%2Fscholarpedia.2735&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007SchpJ...2.2735P&rft.aulast=Pribram&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4249%252Fscholarpedia.2735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Pribram, Karl (2013). <i>The Form Within</i>. Prospecta Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Form+Within&rft.pub=Prospecta+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Pribram&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Talbot, Michael (2011). <i>The Holographic Universe</i>. HarperCollins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holographic+Universe&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolonomic+brain+theory" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holonomic_brain_theory&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://karlpribram.com/">KarlPribram.com</a>, hosts PDFs of Pribram's articles about HBT in English and Spanish</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_North_Whitehead" title="Alfred North Whitehead">Alfred North Whitehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_O%27Shaughnessy_(philosopher)" title="Brian O'Shaughnessy (philosopher)">Brian O'Shaughnessy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Augustus_Strong" title="Charles Augustus Strong">Charles Augustus Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Peacocke" title="Christopher Peacocke">Christopher Peacocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_McGinn" title="Colin McGinn">Colin McGinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dennett" title="Daniel Dennett">Daniel Dennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Chalmers" title="David Chalmers">David Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Papineau" title="David Papineau">David Papineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(philosopher)" title="David Pearce (philosopher)">David Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davidson_(philosopher)" title="Donald Davidson (philosopher)">Donald Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hofstadter" title="Douglas Hofstadter">Douglas Hofstadter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Cameron_Jackson" title="Frank Cameron Jackson">Frank Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Dretske" title="Fred Dretske">Fred Dretske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galen_Strawson" title="Galen Strawson">Galen Strawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">George Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Lewes" title="George Henry Lewes">George Henry Lewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Rey" title="Georges Rey">Georges Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz">Gottfried Leibniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)">John Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Polkinghorne" title="John Polkinghorne">John Polkinghorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">John Searle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Levine_(philosopher)" title="Joseph Levine (philosopher)">Joseph Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Frankish" title="Keith Frankish">Keith Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Sayre" title="Kenneth M. Sayre">Kenneth M. Sayre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Ponty" title="Maurice Merleau-Ponty">Maurice Merleau-Ponty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Velmans" title="Max Velmans">Max Velmans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tye_(philosopher)" title="Michael Tye (philosopher)">Michael Tye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Martin Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ned_Block" title="Ned Block">Ned Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Churchland" title="Patricia Churchland">Patricia Churchland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Churchland" title="Paul Churchland">Paul Churchland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Goff_(philosopher)" title="Philip Goff (philosopher)">Philip Goff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Metzinger" title="Thomas Metzinger">Thomas Metzinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nagel" title="Thomas Nagel">Thomas Nagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kingdon_Clifford" title="William Kingdon Clifford">William Kingdon Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lycan" title="William Lycan">William Lycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Seager_(philosopher)" title="William Seager (philosopher)">William Seager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Gustav Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_D._Hoffman" title="Donald D. Hoffman">Donald D. Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Brentano" title="Franz Brentano">Franz Brentano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Fechner" title="Gustav Fechner">Gustav Fechner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Jaynes" title="Julian Jaynes">Julian Jaynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Koffka" title="Kurt Koffka">Kurt Koffka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Wertheimer" title="Max Wertheimer">Max Wertheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt" title="Wilhelm Wundt">Wilhelm Wundt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_K%C3%B6hler" title="Wolfgang Köhler">Wolfgang Köhler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neuroscience</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Seth" title="Anil Seth">Anil Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Damasio" title="Antonio Damasio">Antonio Damasio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Libet" title="Benjamin Libet">Benjamin Libet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Baars" title="Bernard Baars">Bernard Baars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christof_Koch" title="Christof Koch">Christof Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Varela" title="Francisco Varela">Francisco Varela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Gerald Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tononi" title="Giulio Tononi">Giulio Tononi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_H._Pribram" title="Karl H. Pribram">Karl Pribram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Weiskrantz" title="Lawrence Weiskrantz">Lawrence Weiskrantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gazzaniga" title="Michael Gazzaniga">Michael Gazzaniga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Graziano" title="Michael Graziano">Michael Graziano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Wilken" title="Patrick Wilken">Patrick Wilken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger Sperry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislas_Dehaene" title="Stanislas Dehaene">Stanislas Dehaene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Laureys" title="Steven Laureys">Steven Laureys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hameroff" title="Stuart Hameroff">Stuart Hameroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Singer" title="Wolf Singer">Wolf Singer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annaka_Harris" title="Annaka Harris">Annaka Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm">David Bohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Roger Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Blackmore" title="Susan Blackmore">Susan Blackmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Stenger" title="Victor J. Stenger">Victor J. Stenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anomalous_monism" title="Anomalous monism">Anomalous monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computational_theory_of_mind" title="Computational theory of mind">Computationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-aspect_theory" title="Double-aspect theory">Double-aspect theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminative_materialism" title="Eliminative materialism">Eliminative materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergentism" title="Emergentism">Emergentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphenomenalism" title="Epiphenomenalism">Epiphenomenalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(philosophy_of_mind)" title="Functionalism (philosophy of mind)">Functionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactionism_(philosophy_of_mind)" title="Interactionism (philosophy of mind)">Interactionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">Materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_dualism" title="Mind–body dualism">Mind–body dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monism" title="Monism">Monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_monism" title="Neutral monism">Neutral monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_mysterianism" title="New mysterianism">New mysterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondualism" title="Nondualism">Nondualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panpsychism" title="Panpsychism">Panpsychism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychophysical_parallelism" title="Psychophysical parallelism">Parallelism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicalism" title="Physicalism">Physicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_dualism" title="Property dualism">Property dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexive_monism" title="Reflexive monism">Reflexive monism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionary_materialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Revisionary materialism">Revisionary materialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solipsism" title="Solipsism">Solipsism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_physicalism" title="Type physicalism">Type physicalism (reductive materialism, identity theory)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attention_schema_theory" title="Attention schema theory">Attention schema theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Universe_of_Consciousness#The_Dynamic_Core_Hypothesis" title="A Universe of Consciousness">Dynamic core hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damasio%27s_theory_of_consciousness" title="Damasio's theory of consciousness">Damasio's theory of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_theories_of_consciousness" title="Electromagnetic theories of consciousness">Electromagnetic theories of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_workspace_theory" title="Global workspace theory">Global workspace theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher-order_theories_of_consciousness" title="Higher-order theories of consciousness">Higher-order theories of consciousness</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Holonomic brain theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_information_theory" title="Integrated information theory">Integrated information theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_masking#Lamme's_recurrent_feedback_hypothesis_of_visual_awareness_and_masking" title="Visual masking">Lamme's recurrent feedback hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_drafts_model" title="Multiple drafts model">Multiple drafts model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestrated_objective_reduction" title="Orchestrated objective reduction">Orchestrated objective reduction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosia" title="Agnosia">Agnosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altered_state_of_consciousness" title="Altered state of consciousness">Altered state of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_consciousness" title="Animal consciousness">Animal consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_consciousness" title="Artificial consciousness">Artificial consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attention" title="Attention">Attention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attentional_control" title="Attentional control">Attentional control</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awareness" title="Awareness">Awareness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_problem" title="Binding problem">Binding problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binocular_rivalry" title="Binocular rivalry">Binocular rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blindsight" title="Blindsight">Blindsight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartesian_theater" title="Cartesian theater">Cartesian theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consciousness_after_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Consciousness after death">Consciousness after death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disorders_of_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Disorders of consciousness">Disorders of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divided_consciousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Divided consciousness">Divided consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_consciousness" title="Dual consciousness">Dual consciousness (split-brain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experience" title="Experience">Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_gap" title="Explanatory gap">Explanatory gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_suppression" title="Flash suppression">Flash suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">Hallucination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_problem_of_consciousness" title="Hard problem of consciousness">Hard problem of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterophenomenology" title="Heterophenomenology">Heterophenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_consciousness" title="Higher consciousness">Higher consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illusion" title="Illusion">Illusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introspection_illusion" title="Introspection illusion">Introspection illusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_argument" title="Knowledge argument">Knowledge argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locked-in_syndrome" title="Locked-in syndrome">Locked-in syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_problem" title="Mind–body problem">Mind–body problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimally_conscious_state" title="Minimally conscious state">Minimally conscious state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_correlates_of_consciousness" title="Neural correlates of consciousness">Neural correlates of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurophenomenology" title="Neurophenomenology">Neurophenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology" title="Ontology">Ontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)" title="Phenomenology (philosophy)">Phenomenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_zombie" title="Philosophical zombie">Philosophical zombie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">Philosophy of mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_consciousness" title="Primary consciousness">Primary consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_of_other_minds" title="Problem of other minds">Problem of other minds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualia" title="Qualia">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mind" title="Quantum mind">Quantum mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reentry_(neural_circuitry)" title="Reentry (neural circuitry)">Reentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakshi_(witness)" title="Sakshi (witness)">Sakshi</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_consciousness" title="Secondary consciousness">Secondary consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentience" title="Sentience">Sentience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentientism" title="Sentientism">Sentientism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_human_consciousness" title="Sociology of human consciousness">Sociology of human consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stream_of_consciousness_(psychology)" title="Stream of consciousness (psychology)">Stream of consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subconscious" title="Subconscious">Subconscious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_character_of_experience" title="Subjective character of experience">Subjective character of experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjectivity_and_objectivity_(philosophy)" title="Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)">Subjectivity and objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconscious_mind" title="Unconscious mind">Unconscious mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconsciousness" title="Unconsciousness">Unconsciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_masking" title="Visual masking">Visual masking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Neumann%E2%80%93Wigner_interpretation" title="Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation">Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Universe_of_Consciousness" title="A Universe of Consciousness">A Universe of Consciousness</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Scientific_Study_of_Consciousness" title="Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness">Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consciousness_and_Cognition" title="Consciousness and Cognition">Consciousness and Cognition</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consciousness_Explained" title="Consciousness Explained">Consciousness Explained</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Consciousness" title="Cosmic Consciousness">Cosmic Consciousness</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_the_Self_Controls_Its_Brain" title="How the Self Controls Its Brain">How the Self Controls Its Brain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Consciousness_Studies" title="Journal of Consciousness Studies">Journal of Consciousness Studies</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_Consciousness_Conference" title="Online Consciousness Conference">Online Consciousness Conference</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(consciousness_journal)" title="Psyche (consciousness journal)">Psyche</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Astonishing_Hypothesis" title="The Astonishing Hypothesis">The Astonishing Hypothesis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conscious_Mind" title="The Conscious Mind">The Conscious Mind</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor%27s_New_Mind" title="The Emperor's New Mind">The Emperor's New Mind</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Science_of_Consciousness" title="The Science of Consciousness">The Science of Consciousness</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Understanding_Consciousness" title="Understanding Consciousness">Understanding Consciousness</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Is_It_Like_to_Be_a_Bat%3F" title="What Is It Like to Be a Bat?">What Is It Like to Be a Bat?</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wider_than_the_Sky" title="Wider than the Sky">Wider than the Sky</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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